FR2536443A1 - Isothermal housing. Method of manufacture for conveying heat contained in an underground zone (basement, subgrade). - Google Patents

Abstract

This method is provided for reinforcing thermal insulation inside a house by conveying hot air 13 found in an underground zone (basement, subgrade). The house constructed according to this method has to have as a support an underground zone (basement, subgrade) surrounded by earth 25 (if a garage, insulate the garage), a normal wall having to support the chalet and the masonry wall. Since hot air rises, a stream of this air passes between the chalet wall 13 and a wall made from masonry and cuts off the cold coming from the exterior. In order to avoid blocking off during the construction of the 2nd wall, a permanent form is provided so that this rise of air takes place freely. In the walls of the underground zone (basement, subgrade), there are several small openings for causing the circulation of fresh air heated by contact with the atmosphere of the undergound zone (basement, subgrade). This method permits rapid construction in two phases, regardless of bad weather, and habitation before the construction of the second wall, which eases the funds.

Description

-PÂVItLON ISOTHERMAL HEAT RECOVERY FROM THE BASEMENT
The present invention relates, in general, to rapid construction, insulation of buildings, protection against humidity, economy of heating, rapid habitability, non-deformable interior partitions.

 In devices of this kind, there are double wall constructions with air space. The buildings, inside, are built of raw wood trimmed with plasterboard, inside these frames, bituminous soft hardboard coverings which are fixed by simple points. The insulation is often made of polystyrene (a dangerous material since it is flammable and explosive). On the other hand, the air being confined between the 2 walls remains humid; these light walls are not load-bearing; the ceilings are simple sheets of plasterboard. This way of building causes dislocations of the whole as well as open joints.

 The device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid these drawbacks, the construction is made in semi-industrial, a large part is manufactured in half-series in the workshop because of the invention. The walls which reach great lengths and heights from the ground to the regulatory ceilings, are in a frame of healthy wood, wrought (northern wood), coated with water-repellent CTBI plywood but glued to the frames by water-repellent glues, pointed or stapled at the time of installation. 'sizing.

The ceilings are in CTBX plywood also prepared in the workshop; the doors, the windows, the balcony doors are of standardized provenance, mounted on frames which fit into the openings prepared for the workshop; the frame, prepared in the workshop, is mechanically assembled.

 An embodiment is given by way of non-limiting example, referring to the attached drawings.

Figure 1: Section of an interior partition and the exterior wall
Figure 2: Vertical section of a partition with frame and window
Figure 3: Overall section of the building where the air passage from the basement appears
Figure 4: Cross section of a brace
Figure 5: Section of the ceiling walls with the passage of air from the basement
Figure 6: Holes required to bring air from the basement to the roof
Figure 7: Sectional assembly of the wooden walls showing the intermediate walls sandwiched as well as bolts, furs glued to the uprights
Figure 8 Cross-section of the joist mounting
Figure 9: Plan view of the assembly
Figure 10: View of part of chassis
Figure II: Section of the interior of a chassis
Figure 12: Plan view of a ceiling
Figure 13: Plan view of a raised ceiling
Figure 14: Section showing the air passage (13) with the protective formwork (48) Figure 15 ': Installation of the legs or lag bolts
Figure 16: Section of the 2 walls with frame, balcony holder and air passage
Figure 17: Chalet mounting plan before the wall, with air ducts necessary for the interior of the chalet
Figure 18: Plan of a 1/2 farm
Figure 19: Assembling the chalet walls at the corners with bolts
Figure 20: Protection of bolt heads or threaded rods
Figure 21: Manhole for access to bolts or threaded rods
Figure 22: Holding trusses with bolts or threaded rods
Figure 23: Joist installation plan
Figure 24: Lost formwork plan
Figure 25: Lost formwork plan
Figure 26: Laying plan for fiber cement sheets
Figure 27: Plan of the basement receiving the joists
Below, an example of embodiment of the invention.

 I1 must, above all (fig. 1) build a good basement (1 lA) in walls of normalized resistance (agglos or sheet concrete) comprising only a slight supply of air, the invention starting from the principle of using the interior temperature of the basement which will rise between the chalet wall and the masonry wall (the rising warm air (13)).

 Figures 2 - 6: I1 is planned the location of joists planed and planed in width, section meeting the resistance, the installation thereof, before the assembly of the chalet (41) (A); between each joist end piece, a sloping flashing (D) and spacers of the same sections in useful places.

 Figure 3: According to the invention, the chalet is manufactured entirely in the workshop.

 The wall partitions (23) which can reach large surfaces, a great robustness despite the small thickness as well as the intermediate partitions (7).

 Figures 8 - 9 - 10 - 11: the frames of these walls must be made of healthy wood (northern wood), planed, to allow perfect bonding. The frames are mounted with tenons and mortises, they consist of low (40) and high dies, corner posts (Fig 1) (2), vertical uprights (1) spaced of appropriate width between axes, partly braced low, medium and high by crosspieces.

 Figure 5: puur the invention, at the joints of the plywood panels (4), uprights having, on each side, a CTBX plywood (4), wide, glued, intended to avoid the opening of the joints ( 36) which could be caused by woodworking.

 Figure 7: the frames for the perimeter walls, being finished, are coated on one side with plywood panels CTBX (4) glued by water-repellent glues, pointed or stapled (34) preferably stapled, the staples driven so as to make it easily invisible after capping. The joint assemblies (36) must be made on the appropriate uprights (33) (35).

(fig 7), llassemblage des panneaux se fait également sur les montants (33) (35). (Cette façon de fabriquer empêche la déformation des murs qui pourrait se produire s'il y avait 2 épaisseurs différentes, de panneaux- contreplaqué). Figures 8 - 9: this work finished, we turn the b ^ ati on the other side, we place the flexible tubes useful for the electrical installation, we fill with bakelized glass wool (5), we prepare the access looks to bolts or threaded rods (39) (39A), then glue the CTBX plywood panels (4) to the frame (water-repellent glues) pointed or

(fig 7), the panels are also assembled on the uprights (33) (35). (This way of manufacturing prevents the deformation of the walls which could occur if there were 2 different thicknesses of panels - plywood).

 Ms. process for the manufacture of intermediate partitions - but without glass wool (except option).

 The invention based on thermal insulation, water repellency, non-deformable walls, all the elements must be glued very seriously, with humidity resistant glues: the plywood panels must be made of CTB.

Figures 2 - 12 - 13: preparation of ceilings: CTBX plywood (17) (4) large areas, assembled on furring strips (45) (46) (on the roof side) of plywood
CTBX, glued to water-repellent glues, pointed or stapled.

 For large living rooms, the ceilings are prepared in 2 parts and assembled on site with the same process.

 All the walls, partitions, ceilings, receive a coat of paint (15).

 Figures 2 - 18: manufacture of the framework (14) in northern fir.

 1) 1/2 farmhouses made up of glued, pointed, riveted wooden elements (21) comprising: entered in 2 parts, crossbowman in 2 parts molded by central gusset in planks, 2 cards, 4 struts, 1 punch, 3 bolt passages for assembly with the bracing (24).

 Figure 4: 20) a brace (20) manufactured in the same way as above, composed of 2 low beams, 2 high beams, by simple plugs and struts, at each end of punches in 3 thicknesses in which are drilled holes of appropriate diameter for passage of bolts or threaded rods (24) used to assemble between 1/2 trusses and bracing.

 Figures 5 - 6: the gables (29) are produced by a wide low beam to support the 2 walls, this beam comprising a thick strip of CTBX plywood, sandwiched between two planed boards, glued and pointed in a laminated manner (30) ; a high beam forming a planed wooden crossbowman connected to the low beam by triangular uprights.

 On these frames are glued, by CTB waterproof adhesives, fixed by copper points, decorative or grooved mahogany panels, appropriate thickness.

For this process, it is necessary to prepare in the following manner
in the bottom rail are drilled diameter holes centered in the air passage between the chalet and masonry wall (26).

 .Figure 18: to receive the roof in Figure 3, the purlins are prepared in the workshop but in raw wood, wood quality from the North (frame).

 Figure 16: the joists (A) which will be laid and sealed (before delivery of the chalet) on the basement wall, are planed and drawn in fixed width at the workshop as well as the joists (B).

 On the construction site: when the basement is finished (F), before the chaining, a water-repellent insulation (bituminous cardboard or other) is placed on which the joists will be placed p this process allows them to be properly laid and insulated from humidity. The joist tips must receive bituminous protection. The spacers, of the same sections (A), will be placed in the necessary places.

Figure 17 showing an assembly plan: before delivery and to avoid problems, plates are moderately fixed in front of each bolt or threaded rod (ìl.20) which will be removed during assembly (47). For the delivery of the chalet, we proceed as follows: the partitions are numbered as and when they are loaded, for example from 1 to 18
During unloading, for storage before assembly, we will find (the panels being placed flat and insulated from the ground) the NO 1 on the top of the stack of 18 partitions, which will be the first to be placed on the under- ground rear left side (K) we will approach nO 2 against nO 1, the 4 bolts, (fig.

19) necessary for the angles (56) being prepared with their washers, will be screwed lightly into the captive nuts of the upright (2) (Fig. 1)
Then, the NO 3 will be placed against the NO 2, the threaded rods trapped in the partition 1 being taken out and held by the retaining nuts (38), Figures 20 - 21; then the NO 4 is approached, takes the NO 3 in a sandwich, the 4 rods crossing it, then by the manholes (fig. 2) (39) which can be found either inside or outside the chalet, are placed pl-atines (37), washers and nuts, then tighten slightly; then, the NO 5 is approached against the NO 4, the threaded rods come out as before we proceed in the same way after having approached and slightly tightened the NO 6 with the 4 bolts being prepared, the NO 7 which forms the angle will be tightened slightly (Fig 19) (56) then the assembly of the following partitions is continued in the same way until the last partition.

 Inside, the partitions are connected to each other by concealed bolts with nuts and washers.

 Outside, between each partition, is placed, at the location of the assemblies, sealing flanges (49).

Figures 20 - 21: all these partitions being mounted, the squaring of the assembly is checked, then all the bolts and nuts (57) are tightened in force, the manholes are closed after filling with glass wool (39A)
Then the ceilings (Fig. 13) are slid over the partitions a space leaving space between them for the passage of bolts or threaded rods which hold the frame; a forestay is placed in the middle of the room during the maneuvers that lton does to lay the frame. The ceilings are held on the partitions by galvanized screw nails.

 Figure 22: then we proceed to the installation of the frame which comes to fit together by sections fixed to the partitions and chalet walls by bolts (8) or threaded rods tightened by nuts on plates (31) and spring washers (32) .

 Figure 3: next, install purlins, then the roof (G) in corrugated fiber cement sheets of small lengths.

 Figure 2: laying of double thickness glass wool (18) before the roof is finished (the roof can be made of slate, tiles, etc ...).

 Figures 1 - 2: installation of frames (6) of openings, comprising: doors (6), windows (9).

 Figure 16: chassis fixed by screws on the partitions with sealing flanges (52) (19), metal support pieces at the bottom of the balcony doors (53).

Figures 8 - 16: inside the chalet, install joists on joists (B) (42) by points (44), at the same time fixing the external walls (40) by spiked points (E)
Figures 7 - 8: after adjusting all the partitions (7) (23), laying parquet (43) or water-repellent agglomerated wood panels (43A) which can be covered with carpet, plastic or vinyl tiles or even tiling (glue with flexible glue). Under the floor laying of compressed glass wool (5A).

 The walls of kitchen, bathroom, can have a laminate coating or preferably tiles, earthenware, ceramic, etc ..., but previously, it is necessary to drill a multitude of holes in the walls of plywood in order to have better adhesion of the glue. Doing this is helpful.

 Once this set is finished, the following companies can carry out their work: electricians, plumbers, painters, under our control.

 These works completed, the chalet is habitable.

 Figures 14 - 15 - 24: for this process, it is absolutely necessary to mount, against the walls of the chalet, a lost formwork, either in bituminous corrugated (48) thickness of the air passage or thin fiber panels, wet and nailed to battens (27), fixed to the walls of the chalet (61). This process avoids clogging which could occur during the construction of the masonry wall (11) rejection of mortar at the time of the assembly of this wall which would block the air passage, from the basement, necessary for this process.

 Figure 2: from the chaining (16) which was prepared in advance, this wall of surrounding masonry, of common thickness, can be built in hollow bricks, in agglos of walled concrete, in agglos of cellular concrete ( but for cellular concrete, it is necessary to make a coating on wire, this material sucking not inert).

 Figures 24 - 25: the mason will only have to apply against the lost formwork (48) (58) (62) these stones, breeze blocks or others following the lines of the chalet, will mount his wall by fixing (Fig. 14-15- 16) from place to place, on the uprights of the chalet (1) (2) (3) of the lag bolts (10) preferably in the mortar joints (Fig. 2 - 16). I1 will stop its wall at the height of the bays in order to build a chain around the perimeter of this enclosure which will serve at the same time as a lintel for the bays (50). Against the racks of bays, a sealing rod (52) should be placed.

 Figures 5 - 14 - 16: then, from this chaining (50) the wall will be finished under the reverse ceilings against a wedge (27), placed on standby by the builder of the chalet as well as a sealing rod (49) .

 Finally, a mortar coating (12) of normal thickness. The hinges of shutters will be fixed (according to a gauge) on the frames of bays, before construction of the wall of masonry -rie so as to drown their supports in masonry.

 The plywood inside the chalet can receive plasterboard sheets which can be screwed and not nailed, but must never replace the CTBX plywood panels, which would remove solidity from the chalet walls and cause deformations this is valid both for walls and for ceilings.

 The process of this construction makes it possible to climb in 2 phases but above all gives an intake of calories by the passage of air coming from the basement (13).

 Figure 17: no air passage from the outside is required. For the fresh air passages to be brought into the chalet, ducts must be placed through the 2 walls (60).

 Figures 26 - 27: alternative construction of exterior walls; by fiber cement sheets (62) of sufficient thickness to be rigid and impact resistant, bonded by fiber cement adhesives fixed at the same time by galvanized screws, on amounts of CTBX plywood of the thickness of the passage of air necessary for the invention, rising from the basement, the joists (A) must be of sufficient length to receive these downward plates below the joint for placing the joists on the basement (63) to form a drop doleau. The basement may be thinner (Fig. 27) (63), the joists will be laid and maintained by braced flashings (D). At the ends, supports, of the joist section, will be placed at useful distances, to receive the side walls of the chalet. These supports will be fixed on the chainage and on joists with flashing so as to let the air go up between the walls (D) (13).

The fiber cement sheets will be assembled with flexible joints on sufficiently wide plywood uprights
CTBX.

 These walls will be coated with a plastic coating.

 This process makes it possible to recover the calories found in a basement, to build very quickly, to carry out the transport of homes in spare parts, by road, rail, sea or inland waterways.

Claims (12)

 l.- A method of manufacturing isothermal pavilions characterized in that it comprises partitions formed of frames on which are glued by waterproof adhesives plywood panels "CTBX", ceilings also in plywood "CTBX" being fixed by screws on the say partitions (7) (23) and on the frame in order to obtain a flat surface. The frame is for its part mechanically fixed by bolted assembly, braces taken between 1/2 trusses. The frames prepared in the workshop receive after assembly: doors, windows, ballroom cons, hunt. The floor in plywood panel "CTBX" or particles "CTBM" can be covered with tiles. This set is placed on a basement (63) which has chaining guides the very fast installation of the joists. This process makes it possible to recover the maximum amount of free heat from a basement, to isolate the interior of a house from outside temperatures, from the humidity produced by frequent rains, to build easily, even under rain, wood materials being glued with water-repellent glues. 2.- A method of manufacturing isothermal pavilions, according to claim 1, characterized in that the covering panels are fixed to frames by gluing, nailing or stapling which makes them undeformable and ensures high resistance to the whole. 3.- A method of manufacturing isothermal pavilions, according to claim 1, characterized in that the partitions (3) (5) (8) (11) (13) (16) are sandwiched during assembly which ensures sealing and a powerful mechanical assembly. 4.- A method of manufacturing isothermal pavilions, according to claim 1, characterized in that the air intake from the outside is carried out by means of ducts (60) which pass through the walls and the masonry in order to not interfere with the rising temperature of the basement. 5.- A method of manufacturing isothermal pavilions according to claim 1, characterized in that the gables (29) (30) placed on the masonry (11) and fixed to the chalet walls (31) (32) by captive bolts placed in the partitions (3) (5) (8) (14) ... are either covered with a grooved plywood panel or replaced by the continuity of the wall which will then be anchored on the trusses replacing these wooden gables . 6.-A method of manufacturing isothermal pavilions, according to claim 1, characterized in that alternatively it can also be mounted, so that the construction is more economical but also as comfortable, instead of the secondary wall of fibro plates - cement of significant thickness placed on the chalet walls (62) with sufficient space obtained by the installation of glued uprights, screwed in CTBX plywood of this thickness, of medium width; the laying of the fiber cement flat plates glued and screwed on these uprights allow the warm air to rise from the basement (13). These plates which would cover the ends of the joists in a drop of water in front of the walls of the basement (63) could be of smaller size. 7.- A method of manufacturing insulated pavilions according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembly bolts (32) have spring washers which compensate for the possible withdrawal of wood. 8.- A method of manufacturing isothermal pavilions, according to claim 1, characterized in that the hinges of flaps (64) -constituted of a folded flat iron and held by a round iron spacer are fixed on the frames before installation of the secondary wall then drowned in the masonry. 9.- A method of manufacturing isothermal pavilions according to claim 1, characterized in that a removable removable rule (65) is placed around the frame of the bays to guide the mason during the installation of his coating thus avoiding the penetration of water in the joint. 10; - A method of manufacturing isothermal pavilions according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacing of the joints is made impossible by the installation of amounts consisting of two strips of plywood glued. the assembly being placed under the panels at the location of the assembly joint, thus avoiding the opening of said joints which could be caused by woodworking. 11.- A method of manufacturing isothermal pavilions, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the assembly is carried out in two phases - installation of the chalet, - construction of a masonry wall. - The chalet is installed on a previously prepared basement, the numbered walls being mounted in the order determined by the said numbers, the start of the assembly being done on the left (1) (2), taking into account that the blocking walls between them is only carried out at the end of the operation, to avoid any deformation. Then come, in the order of ceiling installation, pediments, 1/2 trusses, bracing, purlin cuff ceilings, roofing, glass wool. The chalet is attached to the joists. The assembly continues with the installation of floor joists, doors, hinges and shutters, with the installation of a lost formwork on the walls of the chalet, which prevents clogging of the air passages during the shaping of the masonry wall. - The masonry wall has chaining located above the bays and serving as a lintel.  12.- A method of manufacturing isothermal pavilions, according to claim 1, characterized in that the overflowing die (B, C) of a thickness equal to the joists, is fixed to the partitions which cotonne stiffness, allows the fixing, avoids making notches in the joists, so as not to weaken their resistance and allows easy laying of the floor.