FR2531992A1 - Open constructive system relating to an assembly of means and of elements permitting the rapid erection of buildings. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the construction of buildings. It relates to an assembly of means and of elements permitting their rapid erection with finishing which has a completely traditional appearance. The constructive system thus implemented is an open system characterised by: - a bearing tubular metal structure, bolted at the base to the foundations and connected at the top to flooring or framework; - a bracing system linking the bearing structure to two walls via an air space in which thermal and acoustic insulation, fluid conduits and all other reservations are placed; - the possibility of erecting the interior wall either in the same way as the exterior wall, that is to say by spraying a water-based plaster over a screen-mesh, or by applying panels to be painted or by mounting a backing partition.

Description

 The present invention relates to a set of means and elements whose implementation allows the rapid construction of buildings of entirely traditional appearance and without constraints for the designer, The various components are manufactured in the factory and delivered on site where they are assembled easily and quickly without lifting means, after the realization of traditional foundations. They can be used in all cases, whatever the site chosen, the shape on the ground of the construction and allow the realization of buildings with single ground floor or else on the high ground floor of one or two floors.

 According to the invention, the supporting structure is - constituted by metal tubes pierced, at regular intervals, in their height, holes with a diameter of 9 mm for fixing the spacers, and incorporated in the exterior walls, - anchored in foot by means of plates sealed on a concrete foundation, that is to say on a horizontal foot surmounted by a section of tube whose diameter is less than that of the tubes of our supporting structure, intended to receive tubes forming upright , - or welded on a metal profile itself sealed on concrete studs.

The upper part of each tube is linked at the head to the floors or frames also by a plate fixed to the box girder which ensures the top chaining of the building and which receives the frame-floor which is independent of the structure
The structural tubes also receive by appropriate fixing system of collar, the elements of pre-frames, joinery and entry doors as well as garage. These pre-frames have a peculiar shape, called a step, to receive the standard elements.

 Bracing plates equip each facade so as to reinforce the stability of the whole building.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, the external metallic reinforcement consists of a double-wall galvanized mesh welded to each other, with the inclusion of a 120-micron polyane sheet, perforated with holes of a 2 mm diameter to avoid condensation, and serves as a support for a sprayed plaster by means of which a traditional finish is obtained.

 The method according to the invention has another particularity with regard to the internal coating constituted by an insulating material, polystyrene, with a thickness of 10 cm, blocked between the vertical tubes and offering very good thermal insulation.

 According to a variant, the internal facing may consist of a plasterboard 13 mm thick, glued to the insulating material or else fixed by means of self-tapping screws on metal rails themselves fixed on the structural tubes by means a fastening system.

 According to another characteristic, the galvanized wire spacers serve to ensure the connection between the external and internal facing facings and to support the external facing. These spacers are themselves locked by pins on the frame tubes. They allow to maintain the desired gaps between the different components, with the creation of an air vacuum of 6 cm which contributes to sound and thermal insulation - as also to ventilation.

 This general presentation finds one of its possible applications in the concrete example which is the subject of the various diagrams which follow.

 Figure 1 gives a perspective view of a building constructed using the components described above.

 The nature of the foundations (1) varies depending on whether a floor is provided on a crawl space or on a median (see Figures 7 and 8).

 The structural tubes (2) are arranged so as to take into account both the dimensions of the building and the various openings. The bracing system guarantees the stability of the building. Top bargain hunting is ensured by box girders (4) connected in gable by heddles (5). The frame is made up of gable-farmhouses (6) and intermediate farmhouses with load-bearing ties (see details in Figures 2 - 3 - 4).

The pre-frames (8) are incorporated during assembly.

 Figure 2 shows a gable farm on the uprights and wooden spacers (10) on which will be placed the metal frame or screen mesh.

 FIG. 3 shows an intermediate farm (12) and the intercarrier (13) intended to receive the floor (17). The set is taken over by an I.P.N.

 Figure 4 shows the detail of the entry (13) equipped with a reinforcement (14) at the level of the recovery of the I.P.N. (11). The ceiling composed of plasterboard (16) is suspended by means of rails (15).

FIG. 5 represents a box girder (4) with incorporated insulation (18). This beam is composed of a piece of wood of section 50 X 50 (17) and of plywood cheeks 15 mm thick (19). A post head (20) is fixed on the box girder, which allows the anchoring of the upper part of the structural tube by means of a bolt (21)
FIG. 6 represents the heddle rail (5) on which the structural tube is anchored by means of a pole head consisting of a horizontal foot surmounted by a section of tube (see description on page I) and intended to receive chaining beams.

 FIG. 7 represents foundations made up of a continuous flange (24) on which are sealed pole heads (23).

 Figure 8 shows the foundations for a crawlspace construction.

 FIG. 9 represents a spacer made up of weft and warp threads A and fixing ends B.

FIG. 10 represents a section of the wall, the ends B of the spacers being turned over to ensure the fixing and the attachment to the tubes (2) on the one hand, of the metal reinforcement or screen mesh (C) and of other insulating material or polystyrene (
FIG. 11 shows the rebate of the insulating material intended to avoid thermal bridges at the level of the structural tubes.

FIG. 12 shows the fixing, by means of adhesive pads (25), of the interior facing made up of plasterboard (26).
FIG. 13 represents the fixing of this same interior plaster facing on rails, by means of self-tapping screws (27).

 Figure 14 shows an exploded view of the structure.

Claims (4)

 1. Construction method and set of means and elements, the implementation of which allows the rapid construction of buildings with a single high ground floor of one or two floors, the finish of which has an entirely traditional appearance.  The supporting structure is essentially made up of metal tubes; it is anchored at the foot by means of plates sealed on a concrete shooting base, that is to say on a horizontal foot surmounted by a section of tube intended to receive tubes forming an upright, or else welded to a metal profile itself even sealed on concrete studs.  The floor structure is made integral with the tubular structure by fixing on the chaining where the tubular structure is itself anchored.  The plaster support screen mesh is laid continuously, without a joint and acting as a shell.  The exterior joinery is incorporated on the tubular structure, the latter also receiving the screen-mesh support for the exterior plaster, the insulating material and the interior facing.  2. Device for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal frame or screen-mesh consists of a galvanized double-walled mesh welded to one another with the inclusion of a sheet of polyane used to support a sprayed plaster by means of which a traditional finish is obtained.  3. Set of means and elements according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that the internal coating is constituted by an insulating material blocked between the vertical tubes and offered very good thermal insulation.  4. Set of means and elements according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that the attachment of the support mesh of the external facing and of the insulating material supporting the internal facing is carried out by means of wire spacers galvanized used to ensure the connection between these different components by maintaining the desired gaps and creating an air gap of 6 cm which contributes to sound and thermal insulation and ventilation. The spacers are themselves locked by pins on the frame tubes.