FR2508372A1 - Fur-cutting machine - inserts spaced cuts to lengthen fleece - Google Patents

Abstract

Machine for cutting fur to lengthen it makes cuts in a herringbone pattern across the width of the fleece. It is thus possible to double the length of e.g. a mink fleece, of say 60 cms., by inserting forty-five cuts 6 mm. apart. The machine offers a close copy of what was previously a painstaking manual operation, with improved speed and precision. No special training is required to operate it.

Description

- FUR CUTTING MACHINE FOR EXTENSION WORK
The machine in question is designed for working with extension fur.

 The prior art was manual, however machines exist but do not exactly correspond to manual work.

 , The work of this machine is close to that of tradition.

fur, saving time and precision, requiring neither training nor specialization to make it work.

I - Calculate the number of cuts
2 - Change of cutting angle
3 - Finish the width of the strips
4 - Program in advance the number of cuts relative to the length of the skin, these being inversely proportional to the length of the skin
5 - Cut with ordinary razor blades adapted to a blade holder system 6 - Use the same cutting arm with a single motor for the two positions of the chevron cut.

The main parts of the machine are as follows
I - Machine chassis
2 - Support & swing arm
3 - Longitudinal bar next to carry the carriage and the cutting accessories
4 - Fairing
5 - Support for angle limit stop
6 - Needle track board
7 - One-piece motor
8 - Needles
9 - Trolley carrying the engine
IO - Guide & margin
II - Connecting rod
I2 - Crank
13 - Arm with bearing
I4 - Margin slides
I5 - Electromagnet location for ratchet release
I6 - I7 - Caster or bearing for supporting and supporting the carrying arm
I8 - 2nd fixed but adjustable stop
I9 - Arc support rails for the arm (2)
20 - Lever for releasing or clutching the racks of the needle boards
21 - 24 - 45 - 65 - Pulleys with hollow edges for cable passage
22 - Piston with low force return springs
23 - Springs - High resistance buffers
29 - End of cable bar
25 - Engine lifting bar
26 - Hook for cable drive
27 - 2 mm steel cable
28 - Fork of the cable strip
30 - Cutting engine cam
3I - Return springs of the margin bars
32 - Supports of the needle track board with bearing (34) for the sliding of the mobile board
33 - Rack for step by step advancement program
34 - Bearing for sliding the needle board
35 - Two rollers for sliding bearing supported on guide and margin
36 - Slot to allow adjustment of the margin
37 & 100 - Workpiece clamping screw 37 (Piece for cutting depth adjustment
38 - Eight bearings for sliding the carriage
39 - Guide to the carriage directions
40 - Slider in margin slide
41 - Bearing supports of the arms carrying sectors
42 - & 43 - Male & female carrier arm pivots
44 - Metal sleeper supporting the pivot assembly & plank advancement system
46 - Ball bearing support for sliding the rails of the needle board
47 - Axle-pivos-of engine lifting bar
48 - Connecting rod pivots
49 - Carrier disc for razor blades
50 - Pivot for engine lifting
51 - Circular steel blade
52 - Feet of the machine slid under chassis = - Spring bar for lateral support right & left of the swinging arm
55 - Attachment point with bar screw 53
56 - Hydraulic shock absorber
57 - Two board support rails
58 - Cutting axis
60 - Chassis of the needle board advance pawl assembly
61 - Supporting and tilting part of the pawl
62 - Pawl bearing part with reciprocating radial movement
63 - Grooved casters allowing radial sliding
64 - Vertical metal part allowing the disengagement of the rack to be blocked
65 - Grooved pulley for passage of the ratchet drive cable
66 - Two supports for the carrier and tilting part of the pawl
67 - Slot receiving the ball crimped on the cable
68 & 69 - Two basic pieces in the shape of a special triangular cleat defining the ratchet with variable advancement of the board
7I - Bearing to fix on part 62 allowing stopping in disengaged position
72 - Half-round for locking in disengaged position
73 - Spring for holding the carrier and tilting part of the pawl in the working position
74 - Ratchet return spring
75 - Pivot screw for the entire load-bearing and tilting part of the pawl
76 - Hole for the whole ratchet (used for fixing)
77 - Axis screwed on ratchet carrier part
78 - Rod connecting 73 to 6I
79 - Large nut for manual tightening of blade discs
80 - Positioning pins and holding the razor blades
: 81 Piece mounted on the motor shaft for the cut carrying the blade and clamp assembly
82 - Razor blades
33 - 85 - Reducer motor 60 rpm
84 - Engine base
86 - Eccentric for ratchet movement (automatic work)
87 cam groove
88 - Axis of the reducers carrying the cam
89 - Oscillating connecting rod 90 - Oscillating connecting rod pivot screw
91 - Rod connecting rod axis
92 - Piston cylinder with variable stroke
93 - Pivoting sector for ratchet drive
94 - Ratchet fixing point
95 - Axis for pivoting the part 93
96 - Rod connecting 95 & 99
97 - Rod connecting 92 & 91
98 - Ratchet stroke balancing spring
99 - Flat piston separating the two functions of the springs (98) 100 - Clamping screw adjusting the depth of cuts 01 - Small sliding axis for eccentric
- PRESENTATION OF THE MECHANISMS & THEIR FUNCTION
The machine comprises a frame (I) a steel tube resting on feet (52). On the chassis are welded 4 supports (32) in square steel tube used to hold 46 (See definition)
Two sectors carrying the arm are fixed on the chassis or rests the swinging arm (2), that is to say that this swinging arm
Slides on the sectors and is positioned either on the right or on the left according to the axis of the machine while respecting the angle margin chosen.

The swinging arm pivots under the center defined by parts 42 & 43 which are mounted on the metal crosspiece (44)
The swinging arm (2) for rolling on the sectors (19) is transported by bearings tI7) which facilitate the movement of the arm. The bearings (I6) being opposite the rail ensuring the maintenance of the arm. The needle board is used to hold the fur skin, rests via the side rails of the board on the bearings (34) of the part 46 giving it a longitudinal movement of advancement or retreat according to the need
The carrier bar of the carriage, motor and crank assembly is fixed at the top on the two ends of the swivel arm, which is U-shaped.

On this arm, a carriage (9) slides by an alternating movement caused by the connecting rod (II) and the crank (I2), under the understanding that the carriage runs along this bar on bearings (38).

The carriage carries an engine of 1500 rpm, on its axis is mounted the blade holder which appears on the board N08
This carriage includes parts 26 - 38 - 25 - 48 - 47 - 37 36 - 100 - 35 - 5I - 49 - 50 - 79 - 80 - 8I - I3 which complete the trolley motor cutting assembly.

We realize that the upper part of the machine is designed for cutting the next part includes a set of mechanical parts used to drive the pawl. The parts produced for this purpose are: 29 - 28 - 27 - 26 - 24 - 23 - 22 - 21 45 - 65 - 77
The mechanical assembly of FIGS. 7 - 8 & 9 comprises the pawl for advancing the board.

This set is the most important part of the machine. It allows the advancement of the rack which is fixed under the needle board. This advance is variable depending on the rack itself which varies according to the cutting program.

To understand this set, we must return to the fur working system.

Take for example the cut of a male mink skin which by its nature has dimensions which amount to around 60 cms
We want to make a strip of I20 cms. We proceed with chevron cuts which correspond to figure 4. To obtain this result it will be necessary to make 45 cuts at 6mm from each other approximately 24: first cutting series 340 approximately: 2nd cutting series
Take the case of a small mink of 55 Cms, to have a strip of I20 cms you will have to make more cuts, so we will choose less acute angles ie 27 to 37 always at 6mm one from the other (Figure 6)
Let us quote the case - extreme of the very small female skin which makes 48 cms one will cut with angles of 30 to 45 with a width of 5mm.

That said the board of Figure IV is designed for cutting male minks or other similar skins, it is furnished with needle paths, part are in trajectory of 240 right & BR <left which are used for cutting the part high of the skin it is the nape of the neck to the front legs, the 2nd part furnished with needle paths on a trajectory of 34 which are used for cutting the back and the rump of the skin, always 6mm from one cut to another. All this is defined by the racks (33) whose teeth are irregular. The first are f6mm from each other the second about I2mm.

It emerges from this presentation that the boards define the cutting programs.

- PRESENTATION OF THE MECHANISMS ACCORDING TO THE BOARDS
The machine has been reproduced on 10 Boards in I2 Figures.

Plate N01 Figure I represents the machine in IO Perspectives.

Plate n02 Figure 2 represents the machine seen from the side.

The hoist N03 Figure 3 represents the machine seen from above the lower part which represents the chassis with the cutting arm in the positions PI - P2 - P3 - also represents all the parts mounted on the chassis.

Plate N04 Figures 4 - 5 & 6 represent the working planks with path of needles with racks.

Plate N05 Figure 7 represents the pawl which advances step by step the various work boards seen in perspective.

Plate N06 Figure 8 represents the entire pawl seen from the side.

Plate N07 Figure 9 represents the pawl seen from above.

Plate n08 Figure IO represents the blade holder mounted on the motor axis.

Plate n09 figure II shows the way the blades are mounted on the blade discs.

Plate neIO Figure 12 shows the mounting systems of the reduction motor at around 60 rpm for driving the crank, thus completing the automation of the machine.

The parts making up the machine and reproduced on the plates are numbered.

FINISHING CUTTING PROGRAM
Here is a more detailed description of the pawl which appears on plates 5 - & 7 figures 7 to 8 & 9.

This system includes a base (60) where 2 supports (66) are welded and an oblique profile cam (64)
The part 6I is mounted to pivot on the supports (66), in the part 6I iit are mounted 4 grooved rollers 63 and a grooved pulley for the passage of the steel cable (27). In the part (62) are mounted the cleats (68 & 69) in the form of a wedge which define the pawl thanks to their shape and mounting position upside down.

A roller (7I) is part of the part 62 to allow the disengagement of the pawl to be blocked.

The spring (74) is a return spring for the part 62.

The spring (73) is a horizontal holding spring for the part 6I.

That said, the operation is as follows: When the cable 27 which is hooked by the slot (67) is pulled, the part 68 moves from right to left between the rollers (63> which facilitates movement.

When one releases, the cable the spring (74) recalls the part 62 in its primitive position (therefore the part 62 will have a reciprocating movement back and forth)
Between the cleats (68 - 69) thread the teeth of the small rack, secured to the board 6 consequently giving it a movement of advance and stop, which can also be called "step by step" (rack position and pawl in detail 33 -62 Plate 4.

to note: the teeth of the racks of the different boards are not all at equal distance, because these distances define the width of the strips of fur. The triangular-rectangular cleats enter the spaces more or less in depth, making it possible to slide between the cleats, all cracks with large or small space.

2nd function of the clutch and disengage ratchet assembly in the rack, for this we proceed as follows
By pressing the lever 20 the part 61 switches over, imparting a rocking movement from top to bottom of the whole system by means of the pivots 75. The caster 71 secured to the part 62 prints a backward movement of the part 62, d '' where this diagonal profile of the piece 64 arrived on the half-moon notch72
The part 61 comes to a standstill and since the perpendicular axis 75 is displaced relative to the working axis of the cleats, by lowering the lever 20 the rack from the cleats 68 -r69 is released in order to make the board free. and be able to position them for a new cutting program.

Following the chronological direction of the boards we arrive at boards 8 & 9 figures IO - II
These represent the blade holder assembly and referring to FIG. 10, we can see a front view thus a side view of this blade holder.

The part 81 is mounted on the motor (7) the two discs (49) are returned in the threaded axis of the part 81 and then the part 79, making a nut, is screwed on the axis and tightens the two discs.

 The discs on their side have holes 80 in one of the discs and on the other, opposite the holes, are small studs which receive 6 blades. These blades as shown, on the board 9 in Figure II, are fixed to the discs at an angle, one point of each blade is outside the discs.

The bias of the blades is about I20 and exceeds the edge of the discs by 6 mm.

Once the blades are enclosed in the discs the blade holder looks like a circular saw blade with the tips upside down. This system makes it possible to replace a blade with a uniform wire which would have to be re-sharpened periodically, while the razor blades once worn will be replaced by new ones.

The machine as it was exposed works by a crank (I2) actuated by hand but it is possible to operate it by a reduction motor at 60 rpm.

The hoist IO in FIG. I2 represents the location of the reduction motor (83) which is mounted on the bar 3 opposite the carriage 9
On the end of the shaft emerging from the reducer on one side is mounted the crank which is then connected to the carriage 9 by the connecting rod II:
On the other side is mounted an eccentric (86) which will give movement to the pawl, Figure 7 - 8 & 9.

From the eccentric (86) which has a groove (87) a small axis (law) slides in the groove giving an oscillating movement to the bar 89 whose pivot is the screw axis 90. At the lower end from the bar is fixed a rod 97 integral with a cylinder (92) followed by a rod (96) connecting a sector (93) which pivots on it on an axis 95. The parts 91 are spherical fasteners making it possible to transform the vertical movement oscillating horizontally from sector 93.

Inside the cylinder 92 slides a flat piston (99) which is held halfway by 2 springs of equal size and force. When the pawl is driven in its reciprocating movement by the eccentric (86) the stroke of the pawl is not always the same, it varies according to the size of the rack (33) in service at this time, these are the springs 98 which absorb the differences of the ratchet strokes.

Having toured the various existing mechanisms in the machine, a description of how it works will follow
When the crank (I2) is actuated clockwise, the rotary movement of the crank is transformed into a horizontal reciprocating movement of the carriage by means of the connecting rod (it). The carriage slides on the bar (3) with a stroke well determined by the length of the crank which at this time serves as the end of the carriage stroke.

Since the cycle of a cut is made of two races, a distinction is made between the outward race and the return race.

In the outward stroke, the carriage carrying the cutting motor will move from left to right, ie from the top dead center to the bottom dead center.

The motor (7) is mounted at the bottom of the carriage (9) on two supports and an axis (50) and pivots if necessary from bottom to top & vice versa.

The carriage being initially at the top dead center the motor is raised raised by about 30 mm with respect to the horizontal plane of the work board and it is held in this position by the arm and caster which butt beneath the part 30 which has a tilted flat shape.

The carriage advancing towards the bottom dead center, the caster (13) allows the descent of the engine on the inclined plane of the part 30 the engine being released by its own weight of approximately 3KO it descends by 30mm towards the work board. During the descent the engine by its weight and through the part 37 and the 2 bearings (35) press on the guide (IO) held raised by the springs (31). The guide descends with the engine and stops on the needle tips of the work board.

Since the skin to be cut is laid, the latter is sandwiched between the tips of the needles and the guide (lo) preventing the skin from moving during cutting, because at this time the blades adjusted beforehand by the parts 37 enter the skin 2mm deep making the cut. The cutting motor always advances by the action of the crank and stops when the crank in bottom dead center reverses the linear movement of the carriage. The bottom dead center corresponds to the middle of the chevron cut when the carriage is inverted. The connecting rod (II) which leverages the axis (48) lifts the cutting motor by means of the bar (25) specially designed for lifting the motor, because it is mounted on the engine frame by the axis and support (47) pivoting the motor on the axis (50)
At this point in the cutting cycle, the crank the crank continues to rotate and the motor carriage returns to the top dead center with the motor raised and also guides it, recalled by the springs (3I) and sliding at both ends by the slides (14)
The carriage and cutting motor, before arriving at the neutral point greater than approximately 6omm by means of the case (26) hooks the bar (29) secured to the end of the steel cable (27)
The cabin (27) is pulled by the carriage and follows it to the top dead center. By this action of the cable the whole of the spring (23) the piston cylinders (22) passing by the pulleys (22 - 24 - 45 & 65) move the part 62. Consequently the pawl (68 -69) makes advance the work board of a half rack notch.

The motor carriage arrived at the top dead center and the crank reversing the movement releases the motor which was raised and Be placed by the intermediary of the part (13) below the inclined plane (30),
The carriage begins a second cutting cycle and advancing towards the bottom dead center releases the cable (27) for 6Omm of travel Up to the fork (28) All the assembly attached to the cable is returned in reverse movement by the spring ( 74) and releases the part 62 carrying the pawl,
At the same time the pawl returning in the opposite direction advances the board by half a notch which then gives a complete step of the board which thus is ready for the next cut.

During this time the motor-which had remained lifted by the parts 30 & I3 re-descends and will land as before on the guide, the guide on the skin being on the needles.

This cycle is repeated at each turn of the crank corresponding to a cut. We thus advance during 16 or I7 cuts in the nape of the skin with a more closed cutting angle (240) and the work board will be on the 2nd series of cuts with a more open angle (34) in the body of carpeau and we finish the cuts is about 25.

As already explained in a different paragraph in the lower part of the N03 board machine, the arm (2) pivots and slides on the sectors (I4) and can be positioned in several cutting angles. The choice of angles depends on the angles and prepares the needle paths of the work boards. Take for example the work board figure 4 which was designed to make on the nape part of the skin cuts with 6mm of width & 240 of inclination. In the body part of the skin, cuts always with 6mm but with a 34 angle of inclination. We position the board relative to the rack and the ratchet in one of the first notches of the racks then we bring the arm (2) to stop at, right or left against the stops (I8) with double notches placed on the sectors and this stop is adjusted to 240 by means of the possible tightening by the part 5. The ratchet is hooked to the electromagnet (I5) secured to the arm (2) which is held by force against the stop ( I8) by a large spring (54) placed as seen in Figure 3, when the rack passes from cuts from 240 to 340 a micro switch placed under the path of the board sutures the pawl of the electromagnet ( I5) this will stop with the arm in the second part notch (I8) and position the arm at 340.

To dampen the rapid movement of the arm (2) due to the force of the spring (54) a shock absorber (56) slows down the movement of the arm
If for example we started the work on the right side of the skin we first make all the necessary cuts on the right, we disengage the rack we bring the board back to the position of 4a first cut we move the arms from right to left and we proceed to the left side cut with the result of a set of chevron cuts.

The machine in its structure is made of duraluminium steel profile, plexiglass (for needle boards) drawn steel ect .....

The invention described is likely to interest furriers, craftsmen manufacturing furs - working fur such as mink, American rats, sable, polecats etc.

Claims (6)

CLAIMS IO) MACHINE FOR CUTTING THE FUR FOR THE WORK IN ELONGATION characterized by - A rectangular frame which supports an arm which pivots guided by the pivots in the center of the frame and by 2 rails in the shape of an arc of circle which gives solidity to the together. This set, apart from containing all the parts that make up the machine, allows the arm to be positioned at different cutting angles, to the right and to the left, as required by the work of the fur cutting extension. 2 ") MACHINE FOR CUTTING FUR FOR ELONGATE WORK According to claim I characterized by - A bar (3) placed on the two uprights of the arm which follows the movement of the arm and is positioned at different angles. The bar in question is used for slide a carriage in the longitudinal direction the carriage carries a motor with a blade holder (IO and II) shaving blade, allows the skin to be cut. Please note that this machine has only one arm and only one cutting set at place of 2 existing in other machine and allows the cuts with variable angles instead of fixed angles. 30) MACHINE FOR CUTTING FUR FOR ELONGATED WORK according to claim I and II characterized by - The trolley motor cutting assembly is driven in an alternating movement by a crank and connecting rod. The system allows a flexible reciprocating movement of the cutting system since the carriage in neutral is stopped and halfway at maximum speed. In addition, by varying the length of the connecting rod, the length of the cut is varied. 40) MACHINE FOR CUTTING THE FUR FOR ELONGATED WORK according to claim II characterized by - The engine lifting of the torque in the return stroke of the carriage is actuated by the same connecting rod which drives the carriage and allows in a simple and flexible manner not iron on the same cup. 50) FUR CUTTING MACHINE FOR ELONGATED WORK characterized by - A flexible support system descends from the cutting motor assembly. This system is possible thanks to an inclined plane cam (3o) being a small arm with a bearing integral with the cutting motor assembly and allows this motor to rest on a slotted ruler (IO). This system allows flexibility when lowering the cutting motor by the weight of the motor, the rule (IO) is placed on the skin, sandwiching it between the rule and the path of needles, and the caster (35) fixed on the motor which slides on the rule (IO) allows the depth of the cut since the wheel is adjustable in vertical direction. 60) MACHINE FOR CUTTING FUR FOR ELONGATED WORK characterized by - A mechanical cable system for the step-by-step advancement of the work board, controlled by the manual connecting rod assembly, synchronized with the alternative cutting movement , this gives the possibility of making the board move forward with a path of needles not in front with the cutting movement or the cutting motor. 70) MACHINE FOR CUTTING THE FUR FOR THE WORK IN ELONGATION characterized by - A pawl (68 and 69) This advances the plank of needles where the skin to be cut rests. This ratchet with an alternating movement threading through the rack notches which are integral with the needle boards, allows them to advance step by step. Two steps are necessary to advance the board one notch. The pawl catches by the triangular shape allows to use different racks whose teeth are at different distances, hence a very wide variety of cutting programs. The tabs of the ratchet, among others, always by their triangular shape allows to block the board during the cutting cycle. 80) MACHINE FOR CUTTING THE FUR FOR ELONGATED WORK characterized by - A disengagement of the pawl relative to the rack by pressing on the lever (20) this makes it possible to release the board from the system step by step in order to be able to position the board at work next cutting.  9) MACHINE FOR CUTTING THE FUR FOR THE WORK IN ELONGATION characterized by - A set of boards (6) with needles arranged at angles appropriate to the requirements of the work in extension, with a rack, each board whose teeth and deviations are made to synchronize with the needle paths. I00) MACHINE FOR CUTTING FUR FOR ELONGATE WORK according to claim IX characterized by - Planks giving rise to programmed work, controlled by these same planks, since the needle paths of the planks are shaped at well defined angles and the racks conforming to the necessary advance of the boards.  IIO) MACHINE FOR CUTTING FUR FOR ELONGATED WORK according to claims IX and X characterized by: - Knowledge in advance of the cuts which will be totaled at the end of work, this is due to the numerical markings on each path d 'plank needles. By placing the skin on the needles usually we mark the total of cuts (something impossible with precision when cutting by hand. I20) FUR CUTTING MACHINE FOR ELONGATED WORK characterized by - The possibility of changing the cutting angle during operation. According to the requirements of the work of extension of the fur, the cuts made in the head of the skin are about 100 angle more closed than the cuts in the rump of the skin. That said, the machine according to claims I, since the arm which supports the cutting mechanism can change angle by its rotation since the needle paths are shaped at double angle, this change becomes possible. The work done in this way is an imitation very close to the cut made by hand. I30) MACHINE FOR CUTTING FUR FOR ELONGATED WORK according to claim III characterized by - The possibility of being able to actuate the movement of the cutting carriage either by hand or with a geared motor, this allows in the first case the economy of a motor, in the second case a more complete machine. I40) FUR CUTTING MACHINE FOR ELONGATED WORK characterized by - A blade holder assembly. The blades 6 in number and more are mounted and enclosed between two discs. The positioning angle of the blades relative to the discs is approximately I20. This System makes it possible to replace circular blades which need periodic sharpening by shaving blades which have a superior sharpening and are replaceable.