FR2468839A1 - Combined wood burning stove and oven - has half cylindrical refractory lined oven above rectangular combustion chamber with access doors - Google Patents

Abstract

The wood burning stove with a cooking chamber has a rectangular base forming the combustion chamber and a half cylindrical top forming the chamber. The whole is enclosed by a metal casing. Inside, the chamber is formed by a half cylindrical refractory lining with end plates and refractory base. Underneath this base plate is a grid which carries the fuel, the hot gases passing around a space between the outer shell and the refractory lining to a chimney on top, containing a damper. At one end is a door for access to the cooking chamber and at one side is a door for access to the combustion chamber. Another design has two doors at the side for the cooking chamber, and two doors below them, for access to the combustion chamber. Also fitted are an ash pan and access door, also a flap controlling air entry.

Description

The present invention relates to an assembly intended, in combination, for cooking food and for heating premises, dthabitation in particular, with wood as the main fuel.

 Installations of the chimney type dZappartementw individually allowing the heating of a room and secondarily, using accessories, grills, spits, etc., cooking food, have been known for a very long time. It is however known that the thermal efficiency of these installations is very low and that their fuel consumption is considerable for very low and imperfect heating, since it is almost exclusively radiant. Bakery wood ovens are also well known, but their installation cost is high, their size is very large, their structure lends itself poorly to decoration and their design is not intended for space heating.

The object of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks, which are listed but not limited to above, and to this end, to achieve a combined assembly of cooking food and heating premises, using wood as the main fuel; this combined set presents, in addition to the approval provided by conventional fireplaces with visible fire, excellent thermal efficiency, with the advantages of various cooking possibilities: in the oven, on the grill, on the spit, etc., ..., as well than efficient heating for relatively low fuel consumption.

 Another object of the invention is to provide a combined cooking and heating unit easily adaptable to an installation in existing dwellings and, a fortiori, to be constructed, both from the point of view of decoration and of ease of implantation. .

An additional object of the invention is the production of a combined cooking and heating assembly capable of constituting a boiler in a central heating installation either existing or to be established.

The combined cooking and heating assembly, object of the invention, is mainly characterized by the fact that it comprises
- a frame intended to support the constituent elements of said assembly.
- a wood fireplace, of any suitable conventional type, possibly fitted with a removable ashtray.
- An internal enclosure, forming an oven, made of refractory material, installed above said hearth. -
- an external envelope surrounding said internal enclosure at a distance, with the exception of the underside thereof.
- at least one door, equipped with operating devices, for access to the interior of said enclosure
- Movable members to allow, at will, the passage of hot combustion gases either inside said enclosure, or between the latter and said envelope.
- a duct for the evacuation of burnt gases and cooking vapors. -
- means to regulate this evacuation.
- Means for directing the heated air in the assembly towards the interior of the room where this assembly is installed.
- heat exchanger means incorporated into said envelope.
- auxiliary means.

According to another characteristic of the invention, said internal enclosure forming an oven is essentially constituted by a material not only refractory, but also endowed with a good capacity for heat accumulation.

 The combined assembly, in accordance with the invention, is further characterized in that said outer envelope is preferably metallic, resistant to corrosion and endowed with a tone that is reflective of thermal radiation.

According to another characteristic of the invention, said auxiliary means comprise a lining intended to insulate said external envelope and optionally at least a part of said discharge duct.

the combined assembly, object of the invention, is also characterized in that the said heat exchanger means are of the air circulation type and that the said auxiliary means include adjustable shutter elements for controlling the flow of heated air overall to the room where it is installed.

According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the said heat exchanger means are of the liquid circulation type and are connected, like a boiler, to a central heating installation of any known type, the said auxiliary means comprising a conventional device for establishing, interrupting and regulating the circulation of the liquid in this installation.

 In accordance with a complementary characteristic of the invention, the said heat exchanger means are of the liquid circulation type and are connected to a central heating installation comprising a conventional boiler; said auxiliary means comprising an apparatus of any known type suitable for switching on and off said exchanger device and or said boiler, according to the conditions of use of the combined assembly.

The invention is further characterized by the fact that said auxiliary means comprise an ignition device of a type known for initiating the combustion of wood in said hearth.

According to an additional characteristic of the invention, said auxiliary means comprise a heat source, of any suitable known type, using a fuel other than wood.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the description given below with reference to the attached drawing, in which
Figures I and 2 are views, front in half cross section and side in longitudinal section respectively, of a form of execution of the combined cooking and heating assembly according to the invention;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of a first variant;
Figure 4 is a partial front view, in half cross-section, of a second variant;
Figure 5 is a partial perspective view of a third variant;
Figure 6 is a perspective view of a fourth variant, usable in a boiler; ;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the use of a combined assembly, in accordance with the invention, in a central heating boiler;
Figure 8 is a diagram showing the connection of an assembly, object of the invention, to a central heating installation already fitted with a conventional boiler;
Figures 9 and 10 are perspective views showing two separate examples of installation of an assembly according to the invention;
Figures ll and 12 are schdmatic perspective views showing two distinct variants of a device intended to establish, at will, the circulation of hot combustion gases either inside said oven enclosure, or between it and said external envelope;
FIG. 13 is a partial perspective view showing an exemplary embodiment of a device for adjusting the flow of hot air from a combined assembly, in accordance with the invention; and
Figure 14 is a partial front view showing an embodiment of an auxiliary heating device mounted inside a combined assembly, object of the invention.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, in the embodiment shown, the combined cooking and heating assembly, object of the invention, comprises a frame 1, formed for example from a corrosion-resistant metal sheet , possibly with conventional reinforcing elements. the upper part of this btti 1 forms an envelope 2 of generally hmi-cylindrical shape and horizontal axis. Inside this envelope 2 and at a distance therefrom, an enclosure 3, also semi-cylindrical, is coaxially mounted. This enclosure 3 is preferably made of refractory material and capable of very good thermal accumulation.

The enclosure 3 is fixed by any suitable means to the b2ti 1. i2Ze furnace shape and has a horizontal sole 4, flat, also made of refractory material. On either side de'la sole 4 are mounted, pivoting about two respective horizontal axes and parallel, two longitudinal flaps, such as 5, symmetrically relative to the median plane of said enclosure.

Inside the frame 1 and below the enclosure 3, is mounted a hearth 6, conventional wood, of the grate type for example. The hearth 6 corresponds to a loading opening 7. Below this hearth 6 is installed an ashtray 8, a sliding drawer for example, for collecting and disposing of the ashes.

 At the front of the casing 2, a front door 9 is mounted, articulated at 10 around a horizontal axis, in any suitable manner. This door 9 has an operating handle and is internally equipped with a thermally insulating lining 11 and a lining 12 in refractory material. In the closed position, the refractory lining 12 closes the opening of the enclosure 3 forming an oven and the insulating lining It prevents the transmission of heat to the front face of the door 9.

 In Figure 3 is shown an alternative embodiment in which the combined assembly, object of the invention, has two side doors 13 and 14, each articulated around a vertical axis and each giving access to the interior of the enclosure 15 forming an oven. In this variant, the opening 16 allowing it to load the hearth 17 with wood, is lateral and closable by two doors 18 and 19, each pivoting about a vertical axis. Each door 13 and 14 has, moreover, internally, a thermally insulating lining 20 and a lining 21 of refractory material; the shape of these linings being adapted to that of the opening to be closed off of the enclosure forming an oven. Between the insulating linings 20 and refractory lining 21, a passage 22 is practical, ensuring the continuity of the interval formed between the enclosure 15 and the outer casing 23. This outer casing 23 is coated internally with a thermally insulating lining 24.

 FIG. 4 represents a second variant in which the upper part of the external envelope 25 and of the enclosure 26 forming an oven are of general prismatic shape, with a substantially half-hemagonal cross section for example. The casing 25 and each door 27 giving access to the interior of the oven 26 internally have a lining 28 made of thermally very insulating material, for example glass or rock wool, supported by a thin plate 29, with a high reflecting power for infrared radiation, for example aluminum or an alloy of this metal, with a possible anti-corrosion coating. The combination of insulating lining 28 and reflecting plate 29 considerably reduces heat losses. Each door 27 has, in addition, a refractory portion adapted to the shape of the opening to be closed off of the enclosure 26 and made integral with the structure of the door by spacers, such as 30, so as to maintain the continuity of the gap between the outer casing 25 and the enclosure 26. Lateral and symmetrical flaps, such as 31, are displaceable in translation away from and in contact with the bottom 32 of the enclosure 26 forming an oven, to the admission into and around it of combustion gases.

 In the third variant, shown in Figure 5, the upper part of the combined assembly, object of the invention, is, as in the previous case, of general prismatic shape, with a semi-hexagonal cross section. In this variant, each side of the external envelope 33 is provided with mouths 34 and 35, respectively, communicating with the space formed between the envelope 33 and the internal enclosure forming an oven. Each mouth 34 and 35 is equipped with movable blades 37 and 38, respectively, the orientation of which is controlled by a lever, for example.

A fourth variant is shown in FIG. 6. In this variant, the combined cooking and heating assembly includes a front door 39 which is equipped with a porthole 40, the transparent portion of which is constituted for example by two or more thicknesses , heat resistant glass. In addition, the external envelope 41, of generally semi-cylindrical shape, comprises a thermally insulating lining 42, supported by a metal plate 43, which supports, embedded in the lining 42, a tube 44 folded back on itself. This tube 44 is intended to constitute a coil-type heat exchanger and is provided with an inlet pipe 45 and an outlet pipe 46.

 FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a combined assembly, in accordance with the invention, connected by its inlet and outlet pipes 45 to a central heating installation, the radiators of which are designated by 47. The assembly is therefore usable in a boiler and its commissioning is dependent, for example, on a conventional circulation pump 48, equipped with a standard on / off control, to establish and interrupt, at will, the circulation of liquid, heated in said assembly, inside the radiators 47, with a conventional thermostatic device 49 intended for regulating the ambient temperature.

 The diagram, shown in Figure 8, shows an example of association of a combined assembly 50, in accordance with a conventional central heating installation comprising an automatic boiler 51, gas or oil, electrically controlled.

In this case, the installation has a device 52, of any suitable type, intended for the commissioning of the boiler 51, in particular when the assembly 50 is used for cooking food or that the calories produced by this assembly , outside the cooking periods, are not sufficient to obtain the desired room temperature. The device 52 is for example of the electrical switch type with thermostatic control. The radiators of this installation are designated by the reference number 53.

In Figure 9, an example of installation is shown, in which a combined cooking and heating assembly 54, according to the invention, is arranged in a conventional apartment chimney.

This assembly 54 comprises a front door 55 giving access to the interior of the oven and two doors 56 and 57 corresponding to the loading opening of the wood fireplace.

 FIG. 10 shows a combined cooking and heating assembly 58, object of the invention, comprising two front doors 59 and 60 for access to the oven. This assembly 58 is installed on a hollow frame 61, built for example, of any desired type. it has a hearth 62 and a corresponding ashtray 63. I1 is surmounted by a hood 64, of any desired type, possibly insulated and is connected to a duct 65 for evacuating burnt gases and vapors.

 The operation of the combined cooking and heating assembly according to the invention is described below. Wood being placed in the hearth and ignited, its combustion heats the oven-forming enclosure. As shown in Figure 1, it is possible to rotate the longitudinal flaps 5, from a first position shown in solid lines to a second position shown in broken lines. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 4, it is possible to translate the flaps. 31 from a first position in solid outline to a second position in broken lines. In said first position, flaps 5 or 31 are at contact of the corresponding hearth and the flames and the hot combustion gases pass around the enclosure 3 or 26 forming an oven, in the space formed between the latter and the outer casing 2 or 25. In said second position, the shutters 5 or 31 are separated from the corresponding floor and close the space provided between 11 enclosure 3 or 26 and the external envelope 2 or 25; thus the flames and the hot combustion gases penetrate inside the enclosure 3 or 26. This arrangement very simply makes it possible to obtain food cooking, either in contact with the flames, or protected from them. this, which is very significant in the kitchen. it should be noted that, for one or other of the above positions, the refractory material constituting the oven-forming enclosure stores heat throughout the duration of the combustion of the wood.

 In Figure 11, is schematically shown a device for operating pivoting flaps, such as 5. Each flap 5 is wedged on a respective shaft 66, which is journalled on the frame of the combined assembly and at one end of which is wedged a pulley 67. One of the pulleys 67 is made integral with a joystick 68 for control. The two pulleys 67 are connected to each other by a transmission link, a metal cable 69 for example, in such a way that the rotation of the pulley 67, reread with the lever 68, in one direction, causes the rotation from the other pulley 67 in the opposite direction; which allows to operate the flaps 5 as previously described.

 An example of execution of a device for operating shutters, such as 31, which can be displaced in translation, is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 12. This device comprises two pulleys 70 and 71, wedged respectively at one end of a shaft 72 and 73, corresponding, journalled on the frame of the combined assembly. Each shaft 72 and 73 has, in the vicinity of each of its ends, a cylindrical portion of larger diameter, designated respectively by 74 and 75, for the shaft 72 and by 76 and 77, for the shaft 75. On each portion 74 to 77, is fixed by one end and a cable is wound, metallic for example, respectively designated by the reference numbers 78 to 81. Each of these targets 78 at 81 is hooked at its other end to a corresponding end of a flap 31, as shown. The pulleys 70 and 71 rotate in opposite directions because they are connected to each other, for example by a metal target 82, endless with crossed strands.

Thus, under the action of a lever (not shown), the rotation of the pulley 70, in one direction, causes the simultaneous translation of the flaps 31 from the bottom of the oven, here designated by 85 and, in the other direction, the simultaneous translation of these components 31
Until contact with this sole 83.

 he combined assembly, object of the invention, can be used for heating in several ways. The first simply consists, after a cooking triode, in opening the door or doors giving access to the interior of the enclosure forming the corresponding oven, with possible opening of the flaps, such as 5 or 31 to activate the convection of the air. ambient in the enclosure. The second possible way, relates to the combined sets, equipped with heat vents, such as 34 and 35 (Figure 5), in this case the adjustable opening of the blades 37 and 38 allows to adjust the flow of hot air as a caloriferous or an accumulation heater. FIG. 13 shows an exemplary embodiment of a heat mouth 34, equipped with movable blades 37. These blades are pivotally mounted around parallel horizontal axes in a casing 84. They are connected to each other, near their free end, by a rod 85 articulated on each of these blades, so that they are forced to pivot together by the same angle. The pivoting of the blades 37 is for example dependent on manual control , like a crank 86 wedged on the axis of one of these blades. it is also possible to control this pivoting using a conventional thermostatic device (not shown). In the closed position, the blades 37 overlap each other, like those of a louver, the more the blades stagnate from each other, the greater the flow of hot air towards the atmosphere.

 The third heating mode corresponds to the diagram in FIG. 7, the combined assembly, object of the invention, then acting as a central heating boiler for wood, thanks to the incorporation in its external envelope of a heat exchanger with circulation of liquid, such as the tube 44 (FIG. 6). Of course, it is possible, in this case, to adapt all the usual regulating and safety members of conventional installations.

the diagram of FIG. 8 shows a fourth possibility, in which the combined assembly 50, object of the invention, also equipped with a heat exchanger, of the liquid circulation type, constitutes an auxiliary heat source in an installation central heating already equipped with an automatic boiler 51, conventional, with, of course, the usual accessories for thermal regulation and safety. As previously mentioned, the assembly 50 and the boiler 51 are put into service, either independently or simultaneously, depending on the conditions of use, by means of an automatic and / or manual device 52.

FIG. 14 partially represents a variant, in which a gas ramp 87 is provided, installed below a flap 88 which can be moved in translation, to form an auxiliary source of heat, inside a combined assembly, conforming to the invention.

Of course, for each flap 88 is installed a ramp 87. This auxiliary heat source can be used both simultaneously with the combustion of wood, and in the absence thereof, as a backup or not; which makes it even more convenient to use the combined assembly.

Provision has been made, as shown in FIG. 1, for mounting an auxiliary burner 89, for example with gas, below the wood-burning fireplace 6, to initiate the ignition of the wood in this fireplace 6.

To regulate the draft, that is to say the rate of combustion of the wood, the flue gas and vapor evacuation pipe, designated by the reference numeral 36, is fitted with a butterfly valve 36 ', although known, and a manual and / or automatic control.

 The combined cooking and heating assembly, object of the invention, offers many important advantages. T1 has a simple structure in its different versions and is therefore inexpensive to manufacture. In its unit, it combines the possibilities of cooking over a wood fire, open fire and oven, and ambient heating. It is very easy to use. It is particularly economical, due to its low thermal losses and the restitution of the calories accumulated in the refractory material of its oven, especially during cooking times. It is suitable for extremely varied installation methods, either as is or associated with any desired covering; which allows to meet any particular decoration requirement.

Many modifications and additions could be made to the combined cooking and heating assembly above, without departing from the scope of the invention, for the understanding of which there have been described and shown alternative embodiments and methods of installation by way of non-limiting examples.

Thus below the wood fireplace of this set is it possible to install a ventilation device, electric for example, to, on the one hand, activate the combustion of wood and, on the other hand, accelerate the ambient heating.

 it should also be noted that the upper part of said combined assembly can be shaped in a shape whose cross section is in no way limited to the semi-cylindrical or semi-hexagonal contours, described and shown, but on the contrary it is possible to adopt any desired shape.

It should also be noted that all of the equipment described and shown is given only by way of example and is adaptable in any type of embodiment to any one of the variants of the combined assembly, object of the invention, to satisfy at the desired conditions.

Claims (10)

RESELL I C A IONS 1. Combined set for cooking food and heating premises characterized in that it comprises  - a frame intended to support the constituent elements.  - a wood fireplace, of any known suitable type, equipped  possibly a removable ashtray.  - an internal enclosure, forming an oven, mounted above said  foyer. - an outer envelope surrounding said enclosure at a distance, with the exception of the underside thereof.  - at least one door fitted with operating devices, to  access to the interior of said enclosure.  - movable members to allow, at will, the passage of flames and hot combustion gases inside said  pregnant, in a first position and, in a second position,  between this pregnant granny and said external envelope. - a duct for the evacuation of burnt gases and cooking vapors.  - means to settle this dsacuatlon.- means for directing the heated air in the combined assembly towards the interior of the room where this assembly is installed. - heat exchanger means arranged inside the combined assembly.  - the middle-auxiliary.  2. Combined assembly according to claim 1, characterized by that said internal enclosure, forming an oven, includes a hearth  substantially flat and horizontal and is made of a refractory material, accumulating heat well.  3. Combined assembly according to any one of claims I and 2, characterized in that said external envelope is metallic and endowed with an excellent reflecting power for thermal radiation.  4. Combined assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said external envelope is coated  internally with a very thermally insulating lining, with a metallic layer capable of reflecting the maximum thermal rays.  5. Combined assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the said movable members allowing the passage of flames and hot gases is either inside said enclosure, or between the latter and said envelope external, are constituted by at least one flap, of refractory material, pivotally mounted in said molding and maneuverable from the outside; by means of an appropriate conventional mechanism,  6. Combined assembly according to any one of claims I to 4, acted by the fact that said movable members allowing the passage of flames and hot gases either inside said enclosure, or between the latter and said envelope external, are constituted by at least one flap, made of refractory material, slidably mounted in said bssti and maneuverable from the outside by means of an appropriate conventional mechanism.  7. Combined assembly! É, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each door giving access to the interior of said oven enclosure is internally equipped with a refractory lining and optionally with a thermally insulating lining; these linings being shaped so as to perfectly close the corresponding opening for access to the oven and to form a passage establishing the continuity of the space provided between said enclosure and said external envelope. 8. Combined assembly, according to any one of the claims I to 7, characterized in that each access door inside said oven-forming enclosure comprises a monitoring window, equipped with at least one transparent and heat-resistant window. 9. Combined assembly according to any one of claims I to 8, characterized by the fact that the said means for regulating the evacuation of wood gases and cooking vapors comprise a butterfly valve, of known suitable type mounted pivotally inside said evacuation duct and operable from the outside by a mechanism classic suitable for manual and / or automatic control.  10. Combined assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said means for directing the heated air inside the assembly towards ltestérieur thereof comprise mouths which communicate with l 'space provided between said enclosure and said outer envelope and oient equipped with movable blades, operable by means of a suitable conventional mechanism, manual and / or automatic, to adjust the flow of hot air.  He. Combined assembly according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the said heat exchanger means are of the liquid circulation type, comprise a tube which is folded back on itself to form an element of the serpentine type, is incorporated in said outer casing and is connected to a conventional central heating installation, possibly equipped with an automatic boiler, of any suitable known type and with usual safety and regulation means.