EP0110801B1 - Closed firebox for an open fireplace - Google Patents

Closed firebox for an open fireplace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0110801B1
EP0110801B1 EP83440059A EP83440059A EP0110801B1 EP 0110801 B1 EP0110801 B1 EP 0110801B1 EP 83440059 A EP83440059 A EP 83440059A EP 83440059 A EP83440059 A EP 83440059A EP 0110801 B1 EP0110801 B1 EP 0110801B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire unit
evacuation
volume
fumes
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83440059A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0110801A3 (en
EP0110801A2 (en
Inventor
Robert Richard
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Fondis SA
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Fondis SA
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Publication date
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Priority to AT83440059T priority Critical patent/ATE43896T1/en
Publication of EP0110801A2 publication Critical patent/EP0110801A2/en
Publication of EP0110801A3 publication Critical patent/EP0110801A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0110801B1 publication Critical patent/EP0110801B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/188—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas  
    • F24B1/1885—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas   the heat exchange medium being air only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high efficiency closed hearth, in particular for chimneys of apartments or individual houses, and, in particular, of the flame vision type.
  • the improvement applied to high efficiency closed fireplaces according to the invention relates more precisely to a combination of means making it possible to improve the combustion and the thermal efficiency of such devices.
  • the closed hearth is produced with double walls between which circulates a first stream of recovery air intended to carry and to eject by evacuation openings provided on the front face the calories radiated by the walls of the hearth.
  • the second recovery air flow passes through the volume delimited by the exterior walls and the chimney wall.
  • Another way of improving the thermal efficiency and the power of such devices is to promote combustion by an appropriate arrangement, arrangement or configuration of technical elements or forms.
  • the general idea of the invention consists in providing means for increasing the path of the fumes and hot combustion gases inside the appliance. and in particular in the upper part, while keeping an effective draft adjustable progressively and individually between a minimum value (slow-motion fire) and a maximum value (bright fire), this in combination with an admission of uniformly diffused air at the top and bottom , by linear ramps or mouths to which one or two lateral diffusion ramps can be added, but not necessarily.
  • the hearth is coated internally with refractory bricks over its entire lateral surface, including the rear wall. This wall stops before the bottom wall to provide an opening constituting a low passage for the fumes and combustion gases which come directly to the smoke evacuation pipe along a vertical compartment.
  • the direct exhaust valve is provided on an inclined plane, in line with the smoke exhaust duct. It is of the progressive opening or closing type.
  • the lower passage allows the unburnt volatile gases rising in the top of the hearth, to be carried in the exhaust current and to pass in the flame to finish their combustion.
  • the lower passage is of fixed section without possible adjustment or modification, due to the very structure of the rear partition: masonry wall of refractory bricks.
  • the improvement according to the invention relates to a combination of means making it possible to appreciably improve the thermal efficiency of the term homes in particular for fireplaces without bringing additional constraints in the maintenance of these devices.
  • This compartment communicates in the lower part with the hearth 2 by a passage 6, for example rectangular, delimited by the walls of the hearth and the lower edge of the plate 3 of shorter length than the height of the hearth.
  • This deflection plate 3 is entirely removable. It can be pivotally mounted around an upper articulation axis 7 or movable vertically by translation along slides 8 or racks 9.
  • This deflection plate can be coordinated with the movements of the valve 10 for direct evacuation of the fumes by a mechanical connection 11 so that at a determined position of the valve 10 corresponds to an inclination or a vertical level of said plate, thus achieving the optimal distribution of discharge rates.
  • Reverse combustion consists in bringing the combustion air in the opposite direction, that is to say from the top to the bottom. It provides many benefits from improved thermal efficiency through more complete and cleaner combustion.
  • the improvement according to the invention requires a particular diffusion of the combustion air and this as soon as it enters the hearth.
  • the profile constituting the frame may be pierced on its rear face, with intake orifices such as 17 with a fixed or adjustable flow rate in linear arrangement on its crosspieces 12 but also on its uprights 13 thus forming as many linear diffusion ramps 18 directed towards the foyer.
  • the air will be admitted by means of a damper 19, for example sliding or with tubes coaxial 20. provided for example in the lower part of the access door.
  • a first distribution is planned during construction in the choice of the ratio between the surfaces of the high and low openings.
  • Maintaining a combustion air supply in the lower part is essential for starting the fire, which necessarily requires a large draft.
  • the arrows show by way of illustration an example of distribution of the air and hot gas currents in the hearth. We note that we favor the evacuation by the exchange compartment 5.
  • the draft When switching on and during the heat-up phase, the draft will be adjusted to its maximum value by acting not only on the air inlets, but also on the control of the direct smoke evacuation valve 10.
  • the valve for direct smoke evacuation is completely closed, the upper air inlets of the upper ramp 18 are opened to the maximum.
  • the combustion air arriving from the upper ramp 18 will create along the rear face of the window or the access door a protective curtain which will prevent the deposition of dirt and will maintain this surface in a satisfactory state of cleanliness.
  • the air intake comes from the chimney through the lower passage 6 located in a position opposite the upper air inlet.
  • the combustion air flow crosses the ignited wood from top to bottom at an adjustable rate through the air inlets and the section of the lower passage 6.
  • a secondary operating mode relates to the door open operation in which the door and the direct evacuation valve are open. In this operating mode, combustion is maximum.
  • the control of the direct evacuation valve is subject to the door so as to guarantee its total opening as soon as the door reaches a degree of opening deemed dangerous.
  • the compartment 5 is extended upwards by the smoke box formed by two horizontal channels 23 and 24 delimited by the side walls of the interior 2 jacketed interior 25 and two vertical blades 26 and 27 arranged on either side of the duct smoke evacuation 28.
  • the blades 26 and 27 are made of length less than that of the hearth so as to form a slight shrinkage 29 at the level of the front wall to allow the fumes and combustion gases having traveled along the channels 23 and 24 to reach the central volume evacuation 30 delimited by the blades 26 and 27 and the upper horizontal walls 31 and 32 of the hearth.
  • the exhaust volume 30 is completely closed at its rear part to avoid semi-direct communication of the fumes with the exhaust duct 28, the normal inlet of the fumes being constituted by the withdrawal 29 and the front wall. full adjacent.
  • the evacuation compartment 30 communicates with the base 33 of the flue 28 passing through the upper ejection volume 34 of the hot air at the front wall.
  • This ejection volume is produced in this case entirely open on its front face, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • the base 33 of the flue pipe 28 faces exactly or offset the outlet for direct smoke evacuation so as to create the maximum air draw in the open position.
  • this technical configuration makes it possible to recover a significant amount of calories normally lost because carried away by the fumes.
  • the smoke path is increased by at least one hearth length and the exchange surfaces are found to be significantly larger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

1. High output closed fire unit for calorie recovery fireplaces provided with a front access door, which may or may not be glazed, and a casing (25) with expulsion of the heated air forwards, the said casing (25) having an expulsion volume (34) extending over the complete upper portion of the fire unit for evacuating the air heated about the fire unit (2) in the casing (25), the expulsion volume (34) giving out to the outside, above the access door and a valve (10) for the direct evacuation of the fumes, disposed above the fire unit (2), the fumes and combustion gases escaping towards the evacuation conduit in the lower portion of the fire unit (2), characterised in that the said fire unit (2) is provided in front of its rear wall (4) with a deflection plate (3) which is removable and mobile, and which is mounted so that it slides along verticle slides (8) or pivots about a horizontal access (7) and the length of which is shorter than the height of the fire unit in such a way as to form, between the rear wall and the lower edge of the said deflection plate (3), a passage (6) having a section which is adjustable as a function of the position of the said plate, passage through which are evacuated the combustion gases and fumes under permanent operating conditions, the said plate delimiting, with the rear wall of the fire unit, an additional recovery compartment (5) which is extended upwards by a fume box having two longitudinal channels (23) and (24) delimiting a central passage (29) and an evacuation volume (30) of the fumes, into which gives out the valve (10), evacuation volume extending horizontally in the upper portion of the fire unit below the expulsion volume (34), in that the access door is provided in the elements of its frame with air distribution ramps such as (18) with openings of larger section for the upper ramp connected to a general air inlet situated in the lower portion of the fire unit and in that the fumes conduit (28) gives out into the evacuation volume (30) towards the rear of the apparatus near the deflection plate (3).

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un foyer fermé à haut rendement notamment pour cheminées d'appartements ou de maisons individuelles, et, en particulier, du type à vision des flammes.The invention relates to a high efficiency closed hearth, in particular for chimneys of apartments or individual houses, and, in particular, of the flame vision type.

Le perfectionnement appliqué' aux foyers fermés à haut rendement selon l'invention concerne plus précisément une association de moyens permettant d'améliorer la combustion et le rendement thermique de tels appareils.The improvement applied to high efficiency closed fireplaces according to the invention relates more precisely to a combination of means making it possible to improve the combustion and the thermal efficiency of such devices.

Les ensembles fermés pour cheminées commercialisés actuellement possèdent déjà plusieurs aménagements pour la récupération des calories évacuées par les fumées.The closed sets for fireplaces currently marketed already have several arrangements for recovering the calories evacuated by the smoke.

Ainsi, le foyer fermé est réalisé à doubles parois entre lesquelles circule un premier courant d'air de récupération destiné à emporter et à éjecter par des ouvertures d'évacuation prévues sur la face avant les calories rayonnées par les parois du foyer.Thus, the closed hearth is produced with double walls between which circulates a first stream of recovery air intended to carry and to eject by evacuation openings provided on the front face the calories radiated by the walls of the hearth.

Le deuxième courant d'air de récupération traverse le volume délimité par les parois extérieures et le mur de la cheminée.The second recovery air flow passes through the volume delimited by the exterior walls and the chimney wall.

Ces courants d'air permettent de profiter de la majeure partie des calories à récupérer qui, dans les cheminées classiques à feu ouvert ou à volume fermé simple, s'échappent par le conduit d'évacuation des fumées.These air currents make it possible to take advantage of the major part of the calories to be recovered which, in conventional fireplaces with open fire or simple closed volume, escape through the flue gas evacuation duct.

On arrive ainsi à bénéficier de la plupart des calories contenues dans les fumées qui sortent peu chaudes de la cheminée.We thus get to benefit from most of the calories contained in the fumes that come out of the chimney.

Une autre façon d'améliorer le rendement thermique et la puissance de ce genre d'appareils consiste à favoriser la combustion par un arrangement, une disposition ou une configuration appropriée d'éléments ou de formes techniques.Another way of improving the thermal efficiency and the power of such devices is to promote combustion by an appropriate arrangement, arrangement or configuration of technical elements or forms.

Les facteurs à considérer sont connus.The factors to be considered are known.

On les a regroupés ci-après

  • . Meilleure répartition de l'air de combustion dès son entrée dans le foyer.
  • . Léger préchauffage de l'air, avant son entrée dans le foyer.
  • . Tirage plus efficace sans appel d'air excessif.
  • . Maîtrise de la combustion par un réglage efficace et progressif du débit de l'air de combustion.
  • . Vitesse de passage des gaz de combustion plus faible sur les parois de l'échangeur.
  • . Augmentation du débit de l'air porteur de calories sans modifier sensiblement les conditions de tirage et corrélativement de combustion.
  • . Augmentation du trajet des fumées le long des parois d'échanges et augmentation des surfaces d'échanges.
  • . Récupération maximale au niveau de la boîte à fumées.
They have been grouped below
  • . Better distribution of combustion air as soon as it enters the fireplace.
  • . Slight preheating of the air, before entering the fireplace.
  • . More efficient draft without excessive air draw.
  • . Control of combustion by an efficient and progressive adjustment of the combustion air flow.
  • . Slower combustion gas passage speed on the walls of the exchanger.
  • . Increase in the flow of air carrying calories without appreciably modifying the draft conditions and correspondingly of combustion.
  • . Increase in the smoke path along the exchange walls and increase in the exchange surfaces.
  • . Maximum recovery in the smoke box.

Tout recours à un ensemble mécanique actif (air soufflé ou extrait) serait contraire au souci d'économie et à l'esprit de simplicité recherché.Any recourse to an active mechanical assembly (blown or extracted air) would be contrary to the concern for economy and the spirit of simplicity sought.

L'idée générale de l'invention consiste à prévoir des moyens pour augmenter le trajet des fumées et gaz chauds de combustion à l'intérieur de l'appareil. et notamment en partie supérieure, tout en gardant un tirage efficace réglable progressivement et individuellement entre une valeur minimale (feu au ralenti) et une valeur maximale (feu vif), ceci en combinaison avec une admission d'air diffusé uniformément en partie haute et basse, par des rampes ou bouches linéaires auxquelles on peut adjoindre, mais non nécèssai- rement, une ou deux rampes de diffusion latérales.The general idea of the invention consists in providing means for increasing the path of the fumes and hot combustion gases inside the appliance. and in particular in the upper part, while keeping an effective draft adjustable progressively and individually between a minimum value (slow-motion fire) and a maximum value (bright fire), this in combination with an admission of uniformly diffused air at the top and bottom , by linear ramps or mouths to which one or two lateral diffusion ramps can be added, but not necessarily.

Ce type d'arrangement peut se concrétiser par la suite des moyens généraux suivants :

  • . Interposition d'une plaque amovible devant la paroi arrière du foyer à un intervalle approprié, décalée vers le haut de manière à ménager une ouverture à section réglable en partie basse pour le passage de tout ou partie des gaz ou fumées de combustion.
  • . Admission d'air à débit réglable et diffusion à l'intérieur du foyer après préchauffage dans et le long du cadre de la porte vitrée obturant la face avant de l'appareil.
  • . Réglage en position ou en inclinaison de la plaque en fonction du régime de combustion.
  • . Réalisation d'une boîte à fumées performante de formes techniques adaptées, procurant une augmentation notable du trajet des fumées le long de parois en contact avec le volume d'air chaud supérieur contenu entre l'enveloppe et le foyer, air chaud qui est éjecté dans la pièce par la sortie supérieure frontale.
This type of arrangement can take the form of the following general means:
  • . Interposition of a removable plate in front of the rear wall of the fireplace at an appropriate interval, offset upwards so as to provide an opening with adjustable section in the lower part for the passage of all or part of the combustion gases or fumes.
  • . Air intake with adjustable flow and diffusion inside the hearth after preheating in and along the frame of the glass door closing the front of the appliance.
  • . Adjustment in position or tilt of the plate depending on the combustion regime.
  • . Realization of a high-performance smoke box of suitable technical forms, providing a significant increase in the smoke path along walls in contact with the higher volume of hot air contained between the envelope and the hearth, hot air which is ejected into the part through the upper front outlet.

On connaît déjà des foyers fermés avec évacuation basse des fumées à l'arrière du foyer.There are already known closed fireplaces with low smoke evacuation at the rear of the firebox.

Le brevet américain n° 4 347 831 au nom de Peter GRAZIANO se rapporte à un tel foyer fermé.US Patent No. 4,347,831 to Peter GRAZIANO relates to such a closed hearth.

Selon ce brevet, le foyer est revêtu intérieurement de briques réfractaires sur toute sa surface latérale, y compris la paroi arrière. Cette paroi s'arrête avant la paroi inférieure pour ménager une ouverture constituant un passage bas pour les fumées et gaz de combustion qui viennent rejoindre directement le tuyau d'évacuation des fumées le long d'un compartiment vertical.According to this patent, the hearth is coated internally with refractory bricks over its entire lateral surface, including the rear wall. This wall stops before the bottom wall to provide an opening constituting a low passage for the fumes and combustion gases which come directly to the smoke evacuation pipe along a vertical compartment.

Le clapet d'évacuation directe est prévu sur un plan incliné, au droit du conduit d'évacuation des fumées. Il est du type à ouverture ou fermeture progressive.The direct exhaust valve is provided on an inclined plane, in line with the smoke exhaust duct. It is of the progressive opening or closing type.

Le passage inférieur permet aux gaz volatils imbrûlés s'élevant dans le haut du foyer, d'être emportés dans le courant d'évacuation et de repasser dans la flamme pour terminer leur combustion.The lower passage allows the unburnt volatile gases rising in the top of the hearth, to be carried in the exhaust current and to pass in the flame to finish their combustion.

Selon cette invention, le passage inférieur est de section fixe sans réglage ou modification possibles, en raison de la structure même de la cloison arrière : paroi maçonnée en briques réfractaires.According to this invention, the lower passage is of fixed section without possible adjustment or modification, due to the very structure of the rear partition: masonry wall of refractory bricks.

Il est connu que, pour obtenir une combustion optimale, il faut pouvoir régler non seulement le tirage d'entrée d'air, mais l'évacuation des fumées.It is known that, in order to obtain optimal combustion, it is necessary to be able to regulate not only the air intake draft, but the smoke evacuation.

Or, dans ce foyer, la seule possibilité de réglable du débit des fumées provient du clapet réglable. Ce réglage s'avère imprécis et à l'encontre du but recherché, car, situé en partie supérieure, il favorise l'éjection des matières volatiles imbrûlées. Par ailleurs, dans ce type de foyer, la boîte à fumées de structure extrêmement simple ne comporte aucune particularité favorisant la récupération d'énergie.However, in this home, the only possibility of adjustable smoke flow comes from the adjustable valve. This adjustment proves to be imprecise and contrary to the desired goal, because, located in the upper part, it promotes the ejection of unburnt volatile matter. In addition, in this type of fireplace, the smoke box, which is extremely simple in structure, does not have any particular feature that promotes energy recovery.

Le perfectionnement selon l'invention procure de nombreux avantages dont les principaux sont indiqués ci-après :

  • . Combustion optimale sur toute la plage de réglage.
  • . Rendement de combustion amélioré et rendement thermique global plus important.
  • . Grâce aux éléments réalisés en fonte et entièrement démontables, l'entretien s'avère tout à fait aisé.
  • . Le rideau formé par le trajet de l'air de combustion permet de ralentir notablement le noircissement de la vitre ou de la plaque avant.
  • . En réchauffant les parois et l'air de combustion on complète la combustion des gaz les plus volatils et on évite la condensation.
  • . On améliore la propreté des gaz de combustion en les débarrassant des résidus précédemment imbrûlés.
The improvement according to the invention provides numerous advantages, the main ones of which are indicated below:
  • . Optimal combustion over the entire adjustment range.
  • . Improved combustion efficiency and higher overall thermal efficiency.
  • . Thanks to the elements made of cast iron and fully removable, maintenance is quite easy.
  • . The curtain formed by the combustion air path slows down the blackening of the window or the front plate considerably.
  • . By heating the walls and the combustion air, the combustion of the most volatile gases is completed and condensation is avoided.
  • . The cleanliness of the combustion gases is improved by ridding them of previously unburnt residues.

D'autres caractéristiques techniques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui suit, effectuée à titre d'exemple non limitatif sur un mode de réalisation de l'invention, en référence aux dessins accompagnants dans lesquels

  • . La figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective ouverte du foyer fermé perfectionné selon l'invention.
  • . La figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe transversale du foyer fermé de cheminée perfectionné selon l'invention.
  • . La figure 3 est une vue schématique de détail en perspective de la partie supérieure du foyer fermé perfectionné selon l'invention.
  • . La figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale parallèle à un plan frontal de la partie supérieure du foyer fermé perfectionné selon l'invention suivant la ligne IV-IV de la figure 2 en position clapet d'évacuation directe ouvert.
  • . La figure 5 est une vue schématique de détail en coupe verticale longitudinale de la partie supérieure d'une variante préférée du foyer perfectionné selon l'invention en position clapet d'évacuation directe ouvert.
Other technical characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, given by way of nonlimiting example on one embodiment of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
  • . Figure 1 is a schematic view in open perspective of the improved closed hearth according to the invention.
  • . Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the closed fireplace hearth improved according to the invention.
  • . Figure 3 is a schematic detail view in perspective of the upper part of the closed hearth improved according to the invention.
  • . Figure 4 is a schematic view in vertical section parallel to a front plane of the upper part of the closed hearth improved according to the invention along the line IV-IV of Figure 2 in the open direct discharge valve position.
  • . Figure 5 is a schematic detail view in longitudinal vertical section of the upper part of a preferred variant of the improved fireplace according to the invention in the open direct discharge valve position.

Les moyens sont décrits ci-après dans le cadre d'une application à un foyer fermé de cheminée. Il est bien entendu qu'ils restent valables pour un autre type d'appareil de chauffage, par exemple une chaudière à bois.The means are described below in the context of an application to a closed fireplace hearth. It is understood that they remain valid for another type of heating appliance, for example a wood boiler.

Le perfectionnement selon l'invention concerne une combinaison de moyens permettant d'améliorer sensiblement le rendement thermique des foyers termes notamment pour cheminées sans amener de contraintes supplémentaires dans l'entretien de ces appareils.The improvement according to the invention relates to a combination of means making it possible to appreciably improve the thermal efficiency of the term homes in particular for fireplaces without bringing additional constraints in the maintenance of these devices.

Il consiste à prévoir devant la paroi arrière 1 du foyer 2 une plaque de déviation 3 parallèle au fond à une distance D de ladite paroi pour ménager un intervalle 4 permettant de constituer un véritable compartiment, d'échange et de combustion 5 dans lequel les gaz chauds de combustion ne perdent qu'une faible quantité de chaleur. Dans ce compartiment, se produit un supplément de combustion, notamment des gaz plus volatils souvent imbrûlés.It consists in providing in front of the rear wall 1 of the hearth 2 a deflection plate 3 parallel to the bottom at a distance D from said wall to provide an interval 4 making it possible to constitute a real compartment, for exchange and combustion 5 in which the gases combustion heaters lose only a small amount of heat. In this compartment, additional combustion takes place, in particular more volatile gases which are often unburnt.

Ce compartiment communique en partie inférieure avec le foyer 2 par un passage 6, par exemple rectangulaire, délimité par les parois du foyer et le bord inférieur de la plaque 3 de plus faible longueur que la hauteur du foyer.This compartment communicates in the lower part with the hearth 2 by a passage 6, for example rectangular, delimited by the walls of the hearth and the lower edge of the plate 3 of shorter length than the height of the hearth.

Cette plaque de déviation 3 est entièrement amovible. Elle peut être montée pivotante autour d'un axe d'articulation supérieur 7 ou mobile verticalement par translation le long de glissières 8 ou crémaillères 9.This deflection plate 3 is entirely removable. It can be pivotally mounted around an upper articulation axis 7 or movable vertically by translation along slides 8 or racks 9.

La position de cette plaque de déviation peut être coordonnée aux mouvements du clapet 10 d'évacuation directe des fumées par une liaison mécanique 11 de façon qu'à une position déterminée du clapet 10 corresponde une inclinaison ou un niveau vertical de ladite plaque, réalisant ainsi la répartition optimale des débits d'évacuation.The position of this deflection plate can be coordinated with the movements of the valve 10 for direct evacuation of the fumes by a mechanical connection 11 so that at a determined position of the valve 10 corresponds to an inclination or a vertical level of said plate, thus achieving the optimal distribution of discharge rates.

En pratique, cette variante ne sera pas appliquée systématiquement car elle conduit à une réalisation mécanique plus complexe donc moins fiable.In practice, this variant will not be applied systematically because it leads to a more complex mechanical construction therefore less reliable.

De plus, elle n'est que faiblement liée au but principal de l'invention qui en fait s'avère double. D'une part l'obtention d'une combustion optimale de type inversé et d'autre part, une protection efficace de la face avant contre le dépôt de salissures et son maintien dans un état de propreté satisfaisant résultant d'un effet d'autonet- toyage.In addition, it is only weakly linked to the main object of the invention which in fact turns out to be twofold. On the one hand obtaining optimum combustion of the reverse type and on the other hand, effective protection of the front face against the deposition of dirt and its maintenance in a satisfactory state of cleanliness resulting from an autonet effect - toying.

Comme indiqué ci-dessus, il convient d'adjoindre à ce but principal la récupération maximale des calories dans les fumées en vue du rendement thermique maximal.As indicated above, it is advisable to add to this main goal the maximum recovery of calories in the fumes with a view to maximum thermal efficiency.

La combustion inversée consiste à amener l'air de combustion à contresens, c'est-à-dire du haut vers le bas. Elle procure de nombreux avantages découlant de l'amélioration du rendement thermique par une combustion plus complète et plus propre.Reverse combustion consists in bringing the combustion air in the opposite direction, that is to say from the top to the bottom. It provides many benefits from improved thermal efficiency through more complete and cleaner combustion.

Le perfectionnement selon l'invention nécessite une diffusion particulière de l'air de combustion et ceci dès son entrée dans le foyer.The improvement according to the invention requires a particular diffusion of the combustion air and this as soon as it enters the hearth.

Pour ce faire, on utilisera les traverses 12 et montants 13 du cadre 14 qui délimite la porte d'accès 15 et maintient dans la majorité des appareils visés la surface vitrée 16 de vision des flammes.To do this, use the crosspieces 12 and uprights 13 of the frame 14 which delimits the access door 15 and maintains in the majority of the devices concerned the glass surface 16 for viewing the flames.

Le profilé constituant le cadre pourra être percé sur sa face arrière, d'orifices d'admission tels que 17 à débit fixe ou réglable en disposition linéaire sur ses traverses 12 mais aussi sur ses montants 13 formant ainsi autant de rampes linéaires de diffusion 18 dirigées vers le foyer.The profile constituting the frame may be pierced on its rear face, with intake orifices such as 17 with a fixed or adjustable flow rate in linear arrangement on its crosspieces 12 but also on its uprights 13 thus forming as many linear diffusion ramps 18 directed towards the foyer.

Bien entendu, afin d'obtenir l'effet recherché de combustion inversée, la majorité du débit d'air proviendra de la partie supérieure.Of course, in order to obtain the desired effect of reverse combustion, the majority of the air flow will come from the upper part.

L'admission de l'air se réalisera au moyen d'un registre 19, par exemple coulissant ou à tubes coaxiaux 20. prévu par exemple en partie inférieure de la porte d'accès.The air will be admitted by means of a damper 19, for example sliding or with tubes coaxial 20. provided for example in the lower part of the access door.

On a constitué ainsi une entrée d'air générale à débit réglable communiquant avec le foyer par l'intérieur du cadre véritable rampe composite de diffusion pour une injection d'air de combustion basse telle que 21 et haute 22 mais aussi des injections latérales le long de chaque montant.There was thus formed a general air inlet with adjustable flow rate communicating with the hearth from the inside of the frame, true composite diffusion ramp for an injection of low combustion air such as 21 and high 22 but also lateral injections along of each amount.

La répartition des débits entre ces zones linéaires de diffusion dépend de l'effet à obtenir. Il est évident comme indiqué ci-dessus que la quasi totalité de l'air de combustion proviendra de la partie supérieure pour permettre d'obtenir une combustion inversée d'excellent rendement.The distribution of flow rates between these linear diffusion zones depends on the effect to be obtained. It is obvious as indicated above that almost all of the combustion air will come from the upper part to allow reverse combustion to be obtained with excellent efficiency.

Ainsi, une première répartition est prévue à la construction dans le choix du rapport entre les surfaces des ouvertures hautes et basses.Thus, a first distribution is planned during construction in the choice of the ratio between the surfaces of the high and low openings.

Le maintien d'une alimentation en air de combustion en partie basse s'avère indispensable pour le démarrage du feu qui nécessite obligatoirement un fort tirage.Maintaining a combustion air supply in the lower part is essential for starting the fire, which necessarily requires a large draft.

Les flèches représentent à titre illustratif un exemple de répartition des courants d'air et de gaz chauds dans le foyer. On remarque que l'on favorise l'évacuation par le compartiment d'échange 5.The arrows show by way of illustration an example of distribution of the air and hot gas currents in the hearth. We note that we favor the evacuation by the exchange compartment 5.

On expliquera maintenant les modes ou régimes de fonctionnement du foyer.We will now explain the modes or modes of operation of the fireplace.

Lors de l'allumage et de la phase de montée en chaleur, on réglera le tirage à sa valeur maximale en agissant non seulement sur les entrées d'air, mais aussi sur la commande du clapet d'évacuation directe des fumées 10.When switching on and during the heat-up phase, the draft will be adjusted to its maximum value by acting not only on the air inlets, but also on the control of the direct smoke evacuation valve 10.

Dès que le foyer a atteint une température suffisante et que les premières braises se sont formées, il convient de passer en régime de combustion inversée.As soon as the fireplace has reached a sufficient temperature and the first embers have formed, it is necessary to switch to reverse combustion.

Pour ce faire, on ferme entièrement le clapet d'évacuation directe des fumées, on ouvre au maximum les entrées d'air supérieures de la rampe supérieure 18. On joue sur le débit général d'alimentation en air et sur la section du passage 6 pour régler la combustion selon tous les modes ou régimes de fonctionnement souhaités entre la valeur minimale (feu au ralenti) et la valeur maximale (feu vif).To do this, the valve for direct smoke evacuation is completely closed, the upper air inlets of the upper ramp 18 are opened to the maximum. We play on the general air supply flow rate and on the section of the passage 6 to regulate combustion according to all the modes or operating modes desired between the minimum value (idling fire) and the maximum value (high fire).

Ainsi, en fonctionnement permanent et tel que représenté, l'air de combustion arrivant de la rampe supérieure 18 créera le long de la face arrière de la vitre ou de la porte d'accès un rideau de protection qui évitera le dépôt de salissures et maintiendra cette surface dans un état de propreté satisfaisant.Thus, in permanent operation and as shown, the combustion air arriving from the upper ramp 18 will create along the rear face of the window or the access door a protective curtain which will prevent the deposition of dirt and will maintain this surface in a satisfactory state of cleanliness.

L'appel d'air provient de la cheminée par le passage inférieur 6 situé en position opposée à l'entrée haute de l'air. Le flux d'air de combustion traverse le bois enflammé du haut en bas à débit réglable par les entrées d'air et la section du passage inférieur 6.The air intake comes from the chimney through the lower passage 6 located in a position opposite the upper air inlet. The combustion air flow crosses the ignited wood from top to bottom at an adjustable rate through the air inlets and the section of the lower passage 6.

Un mode de fonctionnement secondaire concerne le fonctionnement porte ouverte dans lequel la porte et le clapet d'évacuation directe sont ouverts. Dans ce mode de fonctionnement, la combustion est maximale. La commande du clapet d'évacuation directe est assujettie à la porte de manière à garantir son ouverture totale dès que la porte atteint un degré d'ouverture jugé dangereux.A secondary operating mode relates to the door open operation in which the door and the direct evacuation valve are open. In this operating mode, combustion is maximum. The control of the direct evacuation valve is subject to the door so as to guarantee its total opening as soon as the door reaches a degree of opening deemed dangerous.

Le compartiment 5 se prolonge vers le haut par la boîte à fumées formée de deux canaux horizontaux 23 et 24 délimités par les parois latérales du foyer 2 intérieures à double enveloppe 25 et deux lames verticales 26 et 27 disposées de part et d'autre du conduit d'évacuation des fumées 28.The compartment 5 is extended upwards by the smoke box formed by two horizontal channels 23 and 24 delimited by the side walls of the interior 2 jacketed interior 25 and two vertical blades 26 and 27 arranged on either side of the duct smoke evacuation 28.

Les lames 26 et 27 sont réalisées de longueur inférieure à celle du foyer de manière à former un léger retrait 29 au niveau de la paroi frontale pour permettre aux fumées et gaz de combustion ayant cheminé le long des canaux 23 et 24 de rejoindre le volume central d'évacuation 30 délimité par les lames 26 et 27 et les parois horizontales supérieures 31 et 32 du foyer.The blades 26 and 27 are made of length less than that of the hearth so as to form a slight shrinkage 29 at the level of the front wall to allow the fumes and combustion gases having traveled along the channels 23 and 24 to reach the central volume evacuation 30 delimited by the blades 26 and 27 and the upper horizontal walls 31 and 32 of the hearth.

Il faut ajouter que le volume d'évacuation 30 est entièrement fermé à sa partie arrière pour éviter une communication semi-directe des fumées avec le conduit d'évacuation 28, l'entrée normale des fumées étant constituée par le retrait 29 et la paroi frontale pleine adjacente.It should be added that the exhaust volume 30 is completely closed at its rear part to avoid semi-direct communication of the fumes with the exhaust duct 28, the normal inlet of the fumes being constituted by the withdrawal 29 and the front wall. full adjacent.

Le compartiment d'évacuation 30 communique avec l'embase 33 du conduit de fumées 28 traversant le volume supérieur d'éjection 34 de l'air chaud en paroi frontale. Ce volume d'éjection est réalisé dans ce cas entièrement ouvert sur sa face avant, ainsi qu'on peut le constater sur les figures 1 et 3.The evacuation compartment 30 communicates with the base 33 of the flue 28 passing through the upper ejection volume 34 of the hot air at the front wall. This ejection volume is produced in this case entirely open on its front face, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 3.

Bien entendu, l'embase 33 du conduit de fumées 28 fait face exactement ou de façon décalée à la sortie d'évacuation directe de fumées de manière à créer l'appel d'air maximal en position ouverte.Of course, the base 33 of the flue pipe 28 faces exactly or offset the outlet for direct smoke evacuation so as to create the maximum air draw in the open position.

Ainsi qu'on peut l'observer sur les figures, cette configuration technique permet de récupérer une quantité notable de calories normalement perdues car emportées par les fumées.As can be seen in the figures, this technical configuration makes it possible to recover a significant amount of calories normally lost because carried away by the fumes.

En effet, le trajet des fumées est augmenté d'au moins une longueur de foyer et les surfaces d'échange s'avèrent notablement plus importantes.In fact, the smoke path is increased by at least one hearth length and the exchange surfaces are found to be significantly larger.

Il est bien entendu que l'invention trouve également application dans les foyers fermés de cheminées ou autres dans lesquels les inconvénients provenant de l'encrassement de la porte existent de façon quasi analogue.It is understood that the invention also finds application in closed hearths of fireplaces or the like in which the drawbacks arising from fouling of the door exist in an almost analogous manner.

Claims (6)

1. High output closed fire unit for calorie recovery fireplaces provided with a front access door, which may or may not be glazed, and a casing (25) with expulsion of the heated air forwards, the said casing (25) having an expulsion volume (34) extending over the complete upper portion of the fire unit for evacuating the air heated about the fire unit (2) in the casing (25), the expulsion volume (34) giving out to the outside, above the access door and a valve (10) for the direct evacuation of the fumes, disposed above the fire unit (2), the fumes and combustion gases escaping towards the evacuation conduit in the lower portion of the fire unit (2), characterised in that the said fire unit (2) is provided in front of its rear wall (4) with a deflection plate (3) which is removable and mobile, and which is mounted so that it slides along verticle slides (8) or pivots about a horizontal access (7) and the length of which is shorter than the height of the fire unit in such a way as to form, between the rear wall and the lower edge of the said deflection plate (3), a passage (6) having a section which is adjustable as a function of the position of the said plate, passage through which are evacuated the combustion gases and fumes under permanent operating conditions, the said plate delimiting, with the rear wall of the fire unit, an additional recovery compartment (5) which is extended upwards by a fume box having two longitudinal channels (23) and (24) delimiting a central passage (29) and an evacuation volume (30) of the fumes, into which gives out the valve (10), evacuation volume extending horizontally in the upper portion of the fire unit below the expulsion volume (34), in that the access door is provided in the elements of its frame with air distribution ramps such as (18) with openings of larger section for the upper ramp connected to a general air inlet situated in the lower portion of the fire unit and in that the fumes conduit (28) gives out into the evacuation volume (30) towards the rear of the apparatus near the deflection plate (3).
2. Closed fire unit according to claim 1, characterised in that the movements of the deflection plate (3) are subject to the movements of the valve (10) for the direct evacuation of the fumes.
3. Closed fire unit according to claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the movements of the valve (10) are independent at the time of lighting.
4. Closed fire unit according to claim 1, characterised in that the channels (23 and 24) are delimited by separation blades (26 and 27) and the walls of the upper portion of the fire unit and in that the said blades are of a shorter length than that of the fire unit so as to form the central passage (29) which is set back in relation to the front wall which forms the entry in the evacuation volume (30) in which originates the fume conduit (28).
5. Closed fire unit according to claims 1 or 4, characterised in that the evacuation volume (30) is delimited by separation blades (26 and 27) and the walls of the fire unit and in that the blades (26 and 27) are of shorter length than the depth of the fire unit in such a way as to form an evacuation volume (30) which is open at its front portion and in that into this volume opens out the direct evacuation valve (10) and in which originates the evacuation conduit (28).
6. Closed fire unit according to claim 1, characterised in that the evacuation conduit (28) traverses with its base (33). the expulsion volume (34) of the hot air coming from the space between the fire unit (2) and its casing (25).
EP83440059A 1982-11-30 1983-11-29 Closed firebox for an open fireplace Expired EP0110801B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83440059T ATE43896T1 (en) 1982-11-30 1983-11-29 CLOSED FIREPLACE FOR AN OPEN FIREPLACE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8220170 1982-11-30
FR8220170A FR2536835B1 (en) 1982-11-30 1982-11-30 IMPROVEMENT IN CLOSED FIREPLACES ESPECIALLY FOR FIREPLACES

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0110801A2 EP0110801A2 (en) 1984-06-13
EP0110801A3 EP0110801A3 (en) 1986-04-23
EP0110801B1 true EP0110801B1 (en) 1989-06-07

Family

ID=9279703

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83440059A Expired EP0110801B1 (en) 1982-11-30 1983-11-29 Closed firebox for an open fireplace

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0110801B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE43896T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1257161A (en)
DE (1) DE3380037D1 (en)
DK (1) DK548983A (en)
ES (1) ES284541Y (en)
FI (1) FI834381A (en)
FR (1) FR2536835B1 (en)
NO (1) NO834386L (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2555712B1 (en) * 1983-11-29 1988-09-23 Fondis Sa IMPROVED CLOSED FIREPLACE FOR OPEN FIREPLACES
FR2558935B1 (en) * 1984-01-30 1989-05-26 Fondis Sa RECOVERY OF CALORIES WITH OPEN FIREPLACE FOR FIREPLACES OF APARTMENT OR INDIVIDUAL HOUSE
EP0212212B1 (en) * 1985-07-18 1990-07-18 Bruno Lampka Insert for a tiled stove
FR2588942B1 (en) * 1985-10-21 1988-04-15 Salvador Angelo UNIVERSAL FIREPLACE FOR SOLID FUELS
FR2949844B1 (en) * 2009-09-09 2012-06-29 Supra ADJUST DRAW HEATING APPARATUS
CN115388459B (en) * 2022-08-16 2023-04-18 湖北鑫星节能炉具有限公司 Environment-friendly firewood stove with heating function

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4347831A (en) * 1979-08-17 1982-09-07 Peter Graziano Fuel burning stove
US4354480A (en) * 1980-03-20 1982-10-19 Henderson Louis L Fireplace heating unit
FR2524968B1 (en) * 1982-04-08 1987-02-13 Selva Guy IMPROVEMENTS TO SELF-CONTAINED HOT AIR CIRCULATION FIREPLACE DEVICES FOR FIREPLACES
FR2544466B1 (en) * 1983-04-12 1987-12-31 Budzinski Jean AMBIENT AIR HEATING APPARATUS INSERABLE IN A CHIMNEY
FR2555712B1 (en) * 1983-11-29 1988-09-23 Fondis Sa IMPROVED CLOSED FIREPLACE FOR OPEN FIREPLACES

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2536835A1 (en) 1984-06-01
EP0110801A3 (en) 1986-04-23
CA1257161A (en) 1989-07-11
FR2536835B1 (en) 1988-10-28
ES284541Y (en) 1986-02-16
ES284541U (en) 1985-06-01
NO834386L (en) 1984-06-01
EP0110801A2 (en) 1984-06-13
FI834381A0 (en) 1983-11-30
FI834381A (en) 1984-05-31
DK548983A (en) 1984-05-31
DE3380037D1 (en) 1989-07-13
DK548983D0 (en) 1983-11-30
ATE43896T1 (en) 1989-06-15

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