FR2465523A1 - DISENGAGING MACHINE OF A VOLUMINOUS MATERIAL - Google Patents

Abstract

MACHINE FOR DISAGGREGING A BULKY MATERIAL. THE DRIVE SYSTEM OF THE CUTTING MECHANISM IS SWITCHED, IN THE EVENT OF OVERLOADING AND ACCORDING TO A PRE-DETERMINED CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETER, FROM FORWARD TO REVERSE, TO BE THEN RETURNED TO FORWARD, MACHINE CHARACTERIZED IN THIS THAT THE LOADING HOPPER CAN BE CLOSED WITH A CLOSING BODY. DISADVANTAGES OF KNOWN DEVICES DUE TO JAMS OF THE MACHINE ARE THUS AVOIDED.

Description

The present invention relates to a disintegration machine of a

  bulky material or "stuffing" by means of a cutting mechanism, which consists of at least two shafts driven in opposite directions and provided with cutting tools and which is fed with material to be disintegrated through a hopper oriented towards the area

  tools of the machine's drive system

  in the event of an overload and according to a predetermined operating characteristic parameter, switched off from the front

  reverse and then be brought forward.

  In known machines of this type, the work says to reverse

  running gear, in which the engine of the cutting mechanism is temporarily switched from forward to reverse

  then brought back forward, provides the machine with a

  automatically eliminate possible obstructions

  cutting action which results in a high soliciency corresponding to

  te of the drive motor of this mechanism. In practice, it has been found that often the cutting mechanism can not work freely because the material continues to arrive through the hopper prevents the dislocation and loosening of the mass of material already in the work area tools. For this reason, the operator is obliged in such conditions to intervene manually and to clear the tools of

  cutting the material to be crushed or broken up jammed.

  It also turned out that the engine of the cutting mechanism

  is not sufficiently protected against overloading unless

  an expensive system of controlling the mains voltage for

  stop the engine in case of dangerous single-phase operation.

  The invention proposes to provide a disintegration machine which operates largely without interference and which guarantees, in combination with control and control circuits, that the engine of the cutting mechanism is not damaged in case of

  overload or in the event of a break in a phase of the

  For this purpose, the aforementioned machine is arranged according to the invention so that the feed hopper can be closed by a closure member. In such a machine that is already equipped with a winch or slider operating in the area of the hopper

  loading to push or push the machine

  loose in the hopper, this basket or

  slider is advantageously used as closure member.

  The possibility of being able to close the loading hopper, directly above the working area of the cutting tools, provides the particular advantage that, in the case where it has already been

  obstructions in tools or a thermal load

  that the cutting mechanism motor is too high, an additional fall

  The material to be disintegrated can be prevented by closing the loading hopper, thereby enabling the machine to operate, for example, by inverting without the intervention of the operator. To prevent damage to the cutting mechanism motor in case of critical single-phase operation, it is predefined, for the fast speed of this motor in reverse as well as in operation.

  before times and minimum rotational speeds determined.

  When the cutting mechanism motor has not reached the corresponding minimum speed of rotation at the end of the prescribed time, it shall be

immediately stopped.

  In addition, it is possible to operate with a control taking into account the temperature of the winding of the cutting mechanism motor, this control being able to act on the drive of the shutter member or the slider or winch of such way that

  when the winding takes on a temperature, the shutter member

  pre-selected dangerous structure, immobilized in the position it has precisely reached and then brought into the closed position. Other advantages and characteristics of the invention

  will appear in the following description given as a

  non-limiting example, with reference to the drawing which shows an example of a control process of the disintegration machine according to the invention, in the simplified form of a block diagram. In the drawing, the left part A corresponds to the motor control of the cutting mechanism, the central part B corresponds to the control of the slider acting as shutter shutter while the right part C corresponds to a control which controls the motor of the cutting mechanism. as to the walking temperature and who,

  when an alert temperature is reached, triggers

  order and indication or information. By pressing the start button S the three control processes A, B, C can be simultaneously switched on or kept ready for operation.

  To the extent that specific blocks of control,

  tion, measurement and indication exist several times in a

  control processes and also in several of the three processes.

  order and thus also fulfill similar instructions and functions, these blocks are designated by the same numerical references for reasons of simplification. Before

  go on to a detailed description of the structure and mode of

  of the ordering process, we first gave the following

  after a list of the different command blocks, with their references

  these and a brief description of their functions:

  S Starting by engaging the machine 1 Switching off the "lock" lamp 2 Switching off the warning light 3 Pause 4 Switching on the reverse gear of the cutting tool Speed period of the cutting mechanism motor 6 Minimum speed reached or exceeded? 7 Pre-selected period of reverse gear completed? 8 Cutting mechanism reverse stop 9 Cutting mechanism front cut 10a Pre-selected minimum speed reached or exceeded? lOb Pre-selected minimum speed maintained or exceeded?

  11 Front stop of cutting mechanism.

  12 Switching on the "lock" lamp 13 Switching on the warning light 14 Lamp "end of program by locking" Switching on the front of the cutting mechanism? 16 Activating the manual slide control selector? 17 Moving the slide 18 Engaging the hydraulic unit 19 Is the slide switch pressure reached? Is the engine warning temperature of the cutting mechanism reached? 21 Enabling the timer program? 22 Is there any material in the hopper? 23 Has the program run out? 24 Stopping the installation Movement of the slider outwards 26 Slider limit position 27 Stopping the slider 28 Stopping the hydraulic unit 29 End of program after automatic shutdown Is the temperature limit of the cutting mechanism motor exceeded? 31 Is there an obstruction? 32 Release of cutter motor operation

  83 Closing the engine of the cutting mechanism.

  Referring to the above definitions for control blocks 1 to 33, the motor control circuit A of the cutting mechanism will first be described. After pressing the start button S, the cutting mechanism must always start in reverse in order to unlock the mass of the machine.

  which might have become stuck in the mechanism of

  eg at the end of the previous disintegration operation. In addition, the

  reverse should always be done when the slide

  bucket is tucked in, so as to always ensure a fast idle run of the drive motor so that the brisk walking period

  can itself be used as the decisive duration of the

above order.

  The signal lamp "blocking" is not lit

  normally at the beginning of the program, unless an interfering

  at the end of the previous program has not been deleted. By the delay member 3, it is established before the beginning of the reverse gear a pause which is in principle important only in the case where the engine of the cutting mechanism is switched from the forward to reverse in order to have a time interval for moving the rotating masses from the rotational state to

  forward until they are immobilized.

  After this pause time has elapsed, the motor safety relay 4 of the reverse gear motor of the cutting mechanism is actuated so that the engine starts running.

  back. The delaying device 5 pre-determines a period,

  controllable by the regulating member rl, for the fast speed of the masses in reverse to a predetermined minimum speed. At the end of this pre-selected period, the signal gains block 6. The instantaneous speed of rotation of the motor is measured or counted by means of a tachometer belonging to

  In this respect, an interrogation is constantly

  whether the minimum speed of rotation

  back has been reached or is still maintained. In the affirmative

  the control block 6 produces at its output a "yes" signal, which is applied to the delay element 7 which pre-determines, by means of the regulation element r2, the total duration of the period reverse. This delay member 7 applies, via the driver al, to the input of the control block

  6 a "no" exit signal as long as the period assigned to the

  the backside has not elapsed, so that the mechanism

  in each case the possibility of eliminating agglomerates

  jams or jams that have not yet caused a crash.

  However, when the pre-determined time for backtracking

  re is completed and when the drive device is not switched to the minimum rotational speed, this can only mean that a heavy mechanical load or blockage or even possibly also a belt break or other drive members, in which case the control unit 6 then produces "no signal" or a signal "minimum speed not reached in the predetermined period of reverse", this signal being applied, via the conductor a2, the engine relay 8 which is then disabled and immediately stops the engine of the cutting mechanism. In the following, the flasher 12 "blocking" is excited via the conductor a3, as the lamp 14 indicating "end or stop the program by blocking", so that the operator receives a visual indication that qu there is blocking in reverse, this blocking to be eliminated after no

  determination of its cause. In such an incident, there is no

  motor in the forward direction, as it is to be expected that the engine can not reach further

the minimum speed imposed.

  Speed control of the engine during backwi-

  With the help of the control blocks 5 and 6, also, in addition to the cut in the event of an incident, an early or early stop is produced.

  extremely safe in the process of single-phase operation, thermal-

  dangerous for the engine without giving rise to

  particular of the network or sector. The same consideration applies

  that obviously also to the control of the speed of rotation in

  walk forward which will be described later.

  When the minimum speed of rotation in reverse has been reached during the pre-determined period of fast operation and the preset time for operation in reverse has elapsed, a signal "yes" occurs at the output of the control unit 7. "indicating" end of the reverse period ", the power relay 8 is deactivated and the motor of the cutting mechanism is disconnected from the mains. By the following delay member 3, there is a pause allowing the rotating masses to go from the state of reverse to the state of safe immobilization, after which the power relay 9 snaps into place. walking forward. The engine is running now

  forward, that is to say in the working direction of the

cutting canopy.

  The regulator element rl, adjusts to the delay member

  following a period or period during which the engine

  traveling forward must arrive at a minimum speed

  determined rotation. After this predetermined period has elapsed, a signal is applied to the tachometer 10a1. When, during this predetermined period of rapid operation, the motor has not reached said minimum speed, the control circuit 10a produces at its

  output a "no" signal, which is applied by the line a4 to the disjunctive

  11 which immediately stops the engine, which is also indicated in the manner previously described by means of the two indicator members 12 and 14. This indication generally means that the cutting mechanism has not been able to operate freely. in his backward running, or that,

  material got stuck in the cutting mechanism.

  If, on the other hand, the engine of the cutting mechanism has reached the minimum speed in the pre-determined period of fast travel, the control circuit IQa generates at its output a "yes" signal which is applied to the input of another control circuit 10b,

  then controlling the speed during operation

  For example, a normal operation in the forward direction, for example by "interrogating" at a frequency of 5 Hz, determines whether the pre-determined minimum speed remains at least still maintained. Only if this is not so a "no" output signal is generated leaving the power relay 9 corresponding to the forward, disable for

  stop the engine running forward.

  driver a5, a signal is then applied to the switching circuit for operation of the motor in reverse, that is to say at the input of the timing member 3. The cutting mechanism then executes in this case a reversal process, the engine being initially engaged in reverse after the pause established by the timer 3, then restarted in the hope that the cutting mechanism has been released and the engine can finally come forward at the minimum speed during the pre-determined period of brisk walking. This inversion process can in principle be repeated automatically as often as necessary when the operator does not stop

  the driving device or the control system.

  The control circuits 10a and 10b used to control the speeds of rotation in the forward direction have the function of ensuring an early stop in case of possible single-phase operation, without having to involve for this purpose devices, otherwise necessary and quite expensive. ,control. symmetry of the three-phase network. When in normal operation, that is to say in the forward direction of the cutting mechanism motor, a phase of the sector is cut off, the torque-rotational characteristic curve of the motor is strongly modified. The maximum torque of the motor actually decreases sharply and the starting torque is even canceled. This means, however, that the minimum rotation speed, which is constantly checked, is exceeded by default and that the machine is therefore engaged in reverse. However / as now, for a zero rotation speed, the torque is also zero, the motor can not start any more, so that the circuit-breaker

  of the power supply-sector is immediately triggered. Only

  then flows the pause time without power supply which is established by the delay member 3 and the fast-running time until the advance cutoff which is established by the delay member 5. The period of about 5 seconds, which is established by this timing member 5 is relatively short so

  that the motor can not be damaged by mono-

phase.

  The control process B, indicated in the middle of the figure, for the slide, used as a shutter and intervening upstream of the penetration zone of the cutting tools in the feed hopper, is such that this slide only in the case of a normal forward condition of the cutting mechanism, while during reverse

  closing the feed hopper, that is to say being returned.

  Therefore, after pressing the start key S, a query is first made by the controller 15 to determine if the forward is engaged for the cutting mechanism. When the engine of the cutting mechanism is immobilized or operates in reverse, the control member 15 returns to its input a signal "no" by the driver bl and it does not engage the slider driving device operating for example with a hydraulic unit, for the opening of this slider.To facilitate the speed increase in forward movement of the engine of the cutting mechanism and to establish well defined conditions of adjustment of this period of fast walking, unhindered by the material which continues to descend through the hopper, it is initially established with the aid of the delay member 3 a pause of about 10s and, through the following control member 15, establishes a non-return security so that even after this pause, the cutting mechanism continues to be engaged forward. In case of a "no" signal, it is sent back to the input by drivers b2 and b1 so as to repeat

  the process described above In case of a "yes" signal, that is,

  say when the cutting mechanism actually works

  still operating before, the control member 16 asks if the con-

  additional slide control manual selector

  is actuated, that is to say if all the slider has to function

  OPERATE. When this selector switch is not actuated, the control member 16 produces at its output a "no" signal which is returned, via the control conductor b3 and the delay member 15, to the input of the control member 16

  so that the slider does not work, When the contactor-

  selector is actuated, the control member 16 generates against a "yes" signal which is applied to the control 17 to release

  the slider for the purpose of executing an inward movement.

  The slide must first always start with a

reentry

  After releasing the movement of the slider, the hydraulic group

  lique is energized with the aid of the activation circuit 18 and the slider is driven in the direction of entry until an obstacle is opposed to this movement, that is to say

  that the slide is stopped by incorrectly placed material

  eventually reached a limit stop. he

  is thus established in the hydraulic circuit of the

  sliding of the slider, a pressure increase which is analyzed (interrogation) by the limit position control 19 cooperating with a pressure gauge, to determine whether the pre-defined maximum value of the working pressure or the final pressure to switch or invert the slide in the other direction of displacement was reached. In case of a "no" signal, this signal is continuously transmitted by the driver b4 to the control 17 so that the slider is pushed further in the re-entry direction. Otherwise, that is to say when the predetermined pressure is reached, the output signal "yes" of the command 19 is processed in the blocks of the control placed afterwards, that is to say that Controlled the possibility or the need to repress

  an additional amount of material.

  Among these blocks there is the control 20 which takes into account the temperature of the motor winding of the cutting mechanism, When the engine has reached a pre-determined but still admissible temperature of the material must not fall into the zone working cutting tools. This means that the slider

  should not be withdrawn from the re-entry position reached

  te, to ensure the opening of the feed hopper. When the warning temperature has been reached, the command 20 applies a signal to the stop command 27, which then supplies the driver b3 with a stop signal to the control member.

  15. The slider is also immobilized for posi-

  if necessary, and is then brought into the closed position by means of the control blocks 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 provided that the warning temperature is reached. If, on the other hand, the temperature of the engine of the cutting mechanism remains below the predetermined warning temperature, the control 20 emits the signal "no", which is applied to the control member 15 and ensures its activation. way to determine again if the engine of the cutting mechanism is still working

  still in progress, In the case of a "NO", the hydraulic group

  pressure, as described above, through the medium of

  of the control elements 27, b3 and 14-then the slide is

  brought into the closed position by means of

  16,17,18,19. In the case of a "YES", that is to say when the engine of the cutting mechanism operates forward, a corresponding signal is provided by the control member to a control circuit 21, which takes into account of a program defining fixed periods of arrest during which

  the machine must not operate due to disturbed noise

  roeur or for other reasons. When this control circuit 21 is set without taking into account these periods of closing or stopping,

  it produces a "NO" signal that comes from the driver

  command b6 to a control circuit 25 which then triggers a movement

  the slide in the direction of opening the hopper

  feeding, as will be seen later in detail.

  However, when the control circuit 21 is switched on, which should normally be the case, a "YES" output signal reaches a control circuit 22 which checks whether it is still in the hopper of the material to be disintegrated. In case of a "NO" response, the circuit 24 is excited by the conductor b7, to avoid unnecessary engagement, this circuit 24 ensuring the complete automatic deactivation of the entire installation, which is indicated visually in the form of a signal "end of program" by

the indicator organ 29.

  On the other hand, when there is still material in the feed hopper, the control circuit 22 provides a "yes" signal to a control circuit 23, which determines whether an incorrect operation stop time of the disintegration machine has been reached. If necessary, the installation is stopped via the circuit 24 receiving the signal "YES". In the case of a "NO" control circuit 25 is engaged% 1 This control circuit 25 now ensures the actuation of the slider so as to bring it from the "retracted" position into a working position in the opposite direction by reversing the hydraulic unit. The limit position control circuit 26 then verifies, via an end-of-travel switch, the slider has already reached the other possible limit position. In the case of a negative answer "no", there is retwvoi information, through the driver b8, to the input of the control circuit 25 so that the output movement of the slider is extended into the opening position.When finally the slider is pulled out all the way and

  when the contactor is actuated, the position control circuit

  limit 26 applies a "YES" signal to the aforementioned control member 16, to determine if the manual switch-selector of the slide is still engaged. In the affirmative, a "YES" signal is applied via the control conductor b4 to the input of the control circuit 17 so that the slider is retracted again for the purpose of repressing the material.

  and that the processes described above are repeated by

  keep the different control possibilities.

  However, when the manual switch-selector has been opened, for any reason, during the operation of the slider, the control member 16 generates at its output a "NO" signal applied to the stop command 27, which then provides the pressure relief of the ccwnande valves of the hydraulic slide circuit, and the driving device is

  immobilized by means of the stop circuit 28.

  The control process C shown on the right side

  of the figure is influenced by the temperature of the drive motor.

the cutting mechanism.

  After pressing the start button S, the control, cooperating with a temperature sensor, determines whether the permissible temperature limit of the motor has been exceeded. If so, a "YES" signal is applied via the driver C1 to a circuit 33 serving to stop the motor immediately,

  what is indicated by a flasher 13.

  When the limit temperature of the engine of the cutting mechanism has not been exceeded, the control circuit 31 then receives a "NO" signal so as to determine whether, if any, it has occurred.

  causes a blockage of the motor due to the control of its rotational speed.

  tion. If so, the flasher 13 is triggered by the

  the driver and the output signal "YES" generated. However, when there is no blockage, the circuit

  control 31 generates a "NO" signal applied to the release circuit.

  ration 32 which then releases the training device of the

engine of the cutting mechanism.

  With the aid of the control 20, which is also involved in the control process B and which takes into account the temperature of the winding of the cutting mechanism motor, it is furthermore checked whether the warning temperature has not exceeded. In case of "YES" the flasher 13 is engaged. In addition, the slider does not move / further to the open state but stops in the manner of a shutter, the feed material after the next discharge stroke, until the temperature of winding

  the engine has again fallen below the alert value.

  In this regard, reference is made to the control process B, for which the operation of the control 20 operating in relation to the temperature is known. In the case where the warning temperature has not been exceeded, the command 20 produces its output a signal "NO" which, through the indication circuit 2, stops the flasher 13, or stops it again when it has been engaged before, but that meanwhile the winding temperature of the However, the motor has fallen below the warning value. Via the driver c2, this operating condition is returned to the input of the control 30, so that the process of indication and control is repeated on a continuous basis

  relationship with the set temperature.

  Finally, it is worth noting the following. The disintegration machine can also operate with more than two shafts equipped with tools and driven in opposite directions, in which case it should be noted, however, that two adjacent shafts are driven in opposite directions each time. The control of the speed of rotation during the fast running of the engine of the cutting mechanism, both in forward and during the initial period of reverse, could also be carried out in a disintegrating machine

  operating without shutter member in the loading hopper.

  However, when a shutter member intervenes in the manner described above, its functions must be fulfilled by the slider which exists in any case in most machines. Instead of the slider, it could however also use a particular shutter member, for example a shutter or shutter door. In addition, it should be noted that the term "loading hopper" defines a structure which makes it possible to bring the material to be disintegrated directly up to the cutting tools. It may be in this case for example a hopper

  in the form of a funnel forming part of the machine or of a

independent building.

Claims (8)

  l.Machine of disintegrating a bulky material using a cutting mechanism, which consists of at least two shafts driven in opposite directions and provided with cutting tools and which is fed with material to be disintegrated by via a hopper oriented in the working direction of the cutting tools, the drive system of the cutting mechanism being switched, in the event of an overload and according to a characteristic parameter of the pre-determined step, of the forward movement in reverse and then back to forward machine, characterized in that the   hopper can be closed by means of an ob-   tor. 2. Machine according to claim 1comprising a slider operating in the area of the loading hopper and for discharging the material placed freely in the loading hopper towards the cutting mechanism, characterized in that the   slide serves as a shutter member.   3. Disintegration machine of bulky material, according to one   Claims 1 or 2, wherein the motor of the mechanism -   of cutting is controlled at the beginning of each program, first in reverse and in which a pre-determined period is assigned to this backmachine characterized in that in addition a minimum rotational speed is predetermined for the engine of the cutting mechanism rotating in reverse, in that the instantaneous speed of the driving device of the cutting mechanism is controlled and that the driving device of the cutting mechanism operating in reverse is stopped when it has not reach the minimum speed of rotation after a certain time   4. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,   characterized in that a forward operation period and a minimum rotational speed are predetermined for the forward operation, in that the speed of the drive device rotating rapidly in the forward direction is controlled, and in that the drive device the cutting mechanism is stopped when this device has not reached the minimum speed of rotation at   end of the pre-determined period.   5.Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4,   characterized in that the shutter member or shutter is brought into the shutter position during the driving device   of the cutting mechanism in reverse.   6. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5,   characterized in that the slider driving device is controlled so that said slider initially executes an inwardly directed pushing movement at the beginning of a slider cutting program.   7. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6,   having a hydraulic drive device for the slider, characterized in that the working pressure established in the hydraulic circuit is controlled by a limit position control, which allows an additional thrust movement of the slider inwardly when a value pre-determined maximum of the working pressure has not yet been   reached and which stops said pushing movement while allowing   so also an exit movement of the slider when the   above mentioned maximum pressure is reached.   Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7,   characterized in that there is provided a control taking into account the temperature of the motor winding of the cutting mechanism, in that a warning temperature is provided for the motor, and in that the control of the device driving the slider is actuated so that the slider is immobilized, when the warning temperature is reached, in the position it comes   to reach and then be brought into the closed position   and held in that position until the temperature   winding of the motor has fallen back below the set value.