CN103706445B - A kind of blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing and control method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103706445B CN103706445B CN201310722924.8A CN201310722924A CN103706445B CN 103706445 B CN103706445 B CN 103706445B CN 201310722924 A CN201310722924 A CN 201310722924A CN 103706445 B CN103706445 B CN 103706445B
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of blob of slag feed disintegrating machine and control method thereof of dynamic speed governing, described blob of slag disintegrating machine, comprise drive motors, crushing chamber and control system, it is described that crushing chamber upper end is provided with spout, lower end is provided with discharging opening, broken roll shaft is provided with in crushing chamber, broken roll shaft is connected with drive motors by shaft coupling, and described broken roll shaft surface is welded with spirality cutter tooth; Crushing chamber inwall is placed with double wedge, between double wedge and spirality cutter tooth, leaves gap; Control system comprises power supply, PLC, human-computer interaction device, frequency converter, the encoder be contained on the axle of drive motors, the temperature sensor be contained on broken roll shaft, and PLC comprises speed control and temperature adjustmemt rotational speed governor.The present invention, by improving the structure of blob of slag disintegrating machine, adopts two close cycles Dynamic controlling control method, realizes the automatic control of shattering process and speed, automatically adapts to the dynamic change of blob of slag crushing loads, and crushing force and crushing efficiency are maximized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electro-mechanical arts, especially a kind of blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing and control method thereof.
Background technology
Pulverizing is one of most important operation of feed factory, the power disposition of disintegrating machine account for the total match power of feed factory three/one or more, so it directly affects the quality of the production scale of feed factory, energy consumption, feed manufacturing cost and product.
Along with the development of Animal husbandry production, increasing grouts are using feeding for poultry as main vegetable protein.The dregs of fat after Jiangsu Province, China the north, Shandong, the oil expression of Deng Di oil mill, Anhui are generally diameter 500-600mm, thickness 70-90mm after treatment, the pie of heavily about 10Kg, common are the various blob of slags such as soya-bean cake, dish cake and peanut cake, these cake materials can be used as agricultural breeding feed after fragmentation and reprocessing.This cake block material is compared with other feeding raw material (corn, wheat class), and not only volume is large, material is hard, and fat content is high, and therefore, it has certain hardness, toughness and larger deformation energy and stores, processing difficulties.
The disintegrating machine of current use does not generally reach the technical requirement of feed fragmentation, and major part is also at the disintegrating apparatus using eighties of last century six the seventies to grow up for pulverizing paddy, Chinese sorghum, dried sweet potato and so on.Although this kind of disintegrating machine also can carry out fragmentation processing to a blob of slag, but broken pretreatment must be carried out to a blob of slag, after cake processing being processed into bulk by pressure, hand hay cutter etc., then with pulverizer processing, cause the shortcomings such as production efficiency is low, operational hazards, processing cost are high.
In prior art, the advantages such as hammer crusher has that the ratio of reduction is large, simple structure, compact dimensions, maintenance are simple, it utilizes the hammer of High Rotation Speed to clash into material, especially when the material feeding that hardness is larger, hammer leaf can play cushioning effect, so have a wide range of applications.But the blob of slag shape of getting off due to oil mill is special, material is hard, fat content is high, cause charging aperture to damage large, hammer leaf and sieve wear rate is high, process that doses is low, discharging 1000 kilograms/time just need more than 11KW motor, utilization rate of electrical is low.Add man-hour, misoperation easily make half broken after material dished out at a high speed from spout, cause human casualty accident; In addition, because motor height rotating speed drives hammer leaf to rotate, biscuit can not drop to pulverizing chamber smoothly under centrifugal action, usually adopts an artificial external force extruding blob of slag in crushing chamber.If when operator's pusher impulse force is excessive, causing the speed of mainshaft to decline makes the breaking capacity of flail knife reduce, increased by the comminuting matter particle under flail knife hits, be trapped in pulverizing chamber, thus the speed of mainshaft is reduced further, even occur open top car phenomenon, the overload of the starting torque added and motor is dangerous, causes the problem such as high energy consumption, high starting torque.The people such as calendar year 2001 Jiang Shuyi are in " corrective measure of cake class hammer crusher open top car " document, for the open top car problem that cake class hammer crusher often occurs in Feed Manufacturing, the method increasing disintegrating machine sieve cornerite, increase fixed cutting tool is proposed, become cake class hammer leaf, cutting knife combined-type crusher, improve phenomenon, reduction energy consumption that cake class pulverizes the speed of mainshaft sudden change occurred in production, but blade abrasion, the configuration of hammer leaf number and later stage replacing are not done to consider.
The plant equipment that kibbler roll is grain, the another kind of feed manufacturing is commonly used, has single roller and pair roller type two kinds.Oppositely rolling roller crusher is by extruding, shearing-crushing material, efficiency is high, power consumption is low, the epigranular of product, but it is strong to the easy pulverizing adaptability to raw material of corn and so on, and when material moisture is suitable, thinner product could be obtained, and for the blob of slag of bulk flexible, adopt pair roller type improper.Within 1991, Yangzhou grain feed machinery development mono-roller type cake mill utilizes milling principle to process soya-bean cake, spout guide plate inclination angle is 38 °, its structure is simple, feeding property good, stable working, and 15KW motor reaches crushing during 3600Kg/, introduces the just dark welcome by user to the market.Along with the expanding day of feed manufacturing scale, it is low to there is working (machining) efficiency in this mono-roller type disintegrating machine, is only applicable to small-scale handicraft workshop, and proposes higher requirement to aspects such as the service life of cake class disintegrating machine, energy-conservation processing and Based Intelligent Control.
Patent 200580009647.X discloses a kind of single block hammer crusher system, comprises the DCS control system of the sensor be arranged on disintegrating machine, executing agency and controller, realizes remote monitoring and maintenance by the communication module in embedded controller.This patent is only set forth from overall control framework, is not specifically related to key factor such as material characteristic, squeezing mode and the crusher structure etc. affecting crushing effect.
Patent 200480003867.7 discloses a kind of risk increased for reducing mechanical load and the method for fault occurred thus.When there is pressure rising system of system predetermined value in the hydraulic fluid of controlled fragmentation tip position, change the relative position of disintegrating machine shell, and adjust the width of crushing gap.The method reduces the risk of disintegrating machine premature failure to a certain extent, and achieves dynamic adjustments, compensate for the deficiency in aforementioned techniques.But the position hydraulic control of this monocycle only adapts to different material from frame for movement adjustment crusher chamber body space, exist hydraulic structure cost high, assemble bad easy oil impregnate and the shortcoming such as wayward.
Summary of the invention
The problems such as the feeding for current disintegrating machine is difficult, easy to wear, productivity ratio is low, energy consumption is high, the present invention proposes a kind of blob of slag feed disintegrating machine and control method thereof of dynamic speed governing.The object of the invention is by improving the structure of blob of slag disintegrating machine, adopt the method that two close cycles Dynamic controlling regulates, realize the automatic control of blob of slag feed shattering process and speed, automatically adapt to the dynamic change of blob of slag crushing loads, the crushing force of disintegrating machine and crushing efficiency are maximized.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned technical purpose by following technological means.
A blob of slag disintegrating machine for dynamic speed governing, comprises drive motors, crushing chamber and control system, it is characterized in that, described crushing chamber upper end is provided with spout, lower end is provided with discharging opening, is provided with the broken roll shaft running through crushing chamber in crushing chamber; The two ends of described broken roll shaft extend to crushing chamber outside, by the roller bearings be fixed on horizontal operation face, one end of broken roll shaft is connected with drive motors by shaft coupling, the surface soldered of described broken roll shaft has spirality cutter tooth; Described crushing chamber inwall is placed with double wedge, between described double wedge and spirality cutter tooth, leaves gap; Described control system comprises power supply, PLC, A/D converter and human-computer interaction device, frequency converter, the encoder be arranged on the axle of drive motors, the temperature sensor be arranged on broken roll shaft, described human-computer interaction device, frequency converter, encoder, temperature sensor are all connected with PLC, A/D converter is provided with between temperature sensor and PLC, described frequency converter is also connected with drive motors, described PLC comprises speed control and temperature adjustmemt rotational speed governor, and described speed control is PID controller.
Preferably, the solid shafting of the axle of described broken roll shaft to be diameter be 130mm-170mm, the material of described spirality cutter tooth is rich chromium cast iron.
Preferably, described spout is positioned at the positive upper end of crushing chamber and perpendicular to horizontal plane.
Preferably, described material mouth, discharging opening all adopt high chromium cast iron material to make.
Preferably, the gap between described double wedge and spirality cutter tooth is 70-90mm.
Preferably, flexible connector is used to be connected between described temperature sensor with spiral roll shaft.
Preferably, described human-computer interaction device is connected with PLC by RS-232 serial line interface
The control method of the blob of slag disintegrating machine of described dynamic speed governing, comprises the following steps:
(1) measure and inputted density γ, water content δ and the environment temperature T of a blob of slag to be processed by human-computer interaction device
0, according to the resting period t of a blob of slag
0select squeezing mode, preset broken rotating speed n
0;
(2) blob of slag to be processed is put into crushing chamber by automatic or manual;
(3) temperature sensor gathers actual breaking temperature value T, transfers to PLC through A/D converter;
(4) the actual breaking temperature value T and environment temperature T of temperature adjustmemt rotational speed governor
0, obtain Δ T=T
0-T; And the rotation speed difference deltan n of the broken roll shaft of linear regulation
0, as Δ T>25 DEG C, Δ n
0=k (Δ T-25 DEG C), when Δ T≤25 DEG C, Δ n
0=0;
(5) speed control is according to default initial speed n
0with the rotation speed difference deltan n of temperature adjustmemt rotational speed governor linear regulation
0subtract each other, obtain initial speed n
0'=n
0-Δ n
0;
(6) encoder detects the actual speed n of broken roll shaft and transfers to PLC, and speed control compares actual speed n and initial speed n
0' obtain difference DELTA n=n
0'-n being controlled to frequency converter output frequency f=f (Δ n) by PID according to Δ n, frequency converter controls the rotating speed n of drive motors according to frequency f.
Compared with prior art, the blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1) spout adopts high chromium cast iron material, the wearing and tearing that effective protection causes because of blob of slag feed, its aperture position is located at the positive upper end of crushing chamber, break charging aperture tradition tangent position or certain angle rely on self whole gravity enter crushing chamber, and in conjunction with the Spiral distribution of broken roll shaft cutter tooth, make feeding faster, and reduce device manufacturing process complexity.
2) spiral cutter teeth on broken roll shaft is adopted, broken roll shaft only needs low speed just can make blob of slag automatic feed, and compress into without the need to external force, feeding performance is good, greatly reduce manpower and materials, avoid hammer slice type High Rotation Speed to cause material to dish out the generation of casualty accident, open top car phenomenon.
3) double wedge that on broken roll shaft, heap welds on spiral cutter teeth and crushing chamber inwall forms crushing gap, and guarantee that blank is neat, and eliminate traditional sieve, eliminate because difficulty of sieving caused Crushing Problem, and simplify the structure, assembly is easier for installation.
4) through repeatedly repetition test, crushing when providing a typical material normal temperature beans matter blob of slag to adopt 5.5KW motor can reach 6000Kg/ in the present embodiment, crushing effect is 5-6 times of the similar disintegrating machine of existing market, really achieve the requirement of low-power consumption, high efficiency, high stable, meet the requirement of vast rural area feed manufacturing, solve feed factory because the technical problem that disintegrating apparatus power is large, power consumption is high.
The control method of the blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing of the present invention, realize blob of slag feed shattering process automatically to control, the crushing force of disintegrating machine and crushing efficiency are maximized, the broken requirement of different extract can be adapted to, comminution energy conssumption is low, can extensive use poultry, domestic animal, support the processing of fishery feed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the profile of crushing chamber of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the view in transverse section of described crushing chamber.
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of described broken roll shaft.
Fig. 5 is the spirality cutter tooth arrangement expanded view on described broken roll shaft.
Fig. 6 is the structured flowchart of described control system.
Fig. 7 is the primary control program flow chart of control method of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of control method of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of control method of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals is as follows:
1-base, 2-drive motors, 3-spout, 4-crushing chamber, the broken roll shaft of 5-, 6-control system, 7-inwall, 8-double wedge, 10-discharging opening, 11-spirality cutter tooth, 12-flexible connector, 13-temperature sensor, 14-encoder, 15-shaft coupling.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing of the present invention, comprises drive motors 2, crushing chamber 4 and control system 6.Described crushing chamber 4 upper end is provided with rectangle spout 3, lower end is provided with discharging opening 10, and described spout 3, discharging opening 10 all adopt high chromium cast iron material to improve the life-span.Be provided with the broken roll shaft 5 running through crushing chamber 4 in crushing chamber 4, broken roll shaft 5 is tightly connected with the left and right sidewall of crushing chamber 4, and the two ends of described broken roll shaft 5 extend to the outside of crushing chamber 4, by the roller bearings be fixed on horizontal operation face.One end of broken roll shaft 5 is connected with drive motors 2 by shaft coupling 15, and drive motors 2 is fixed on base 1.As shown in Figure 4, the surface soldered of described broken roll shaft 5 has spirality cutter tooth 11, and the spirality cutter tooth 11 on described broken roll shaft 5 arranges expanded view as shown in Figure 5.The inwall 7 of described crushing chamber 4 is placed with double wedge 8, the gap leaving 70-90mm between described double wedge 8 and spirality cutter tooth 11, as shown in Figure 3.
The rotating speed of drive motors 2 is controlled by described control system 6, and as shown in Figure 6, described control system 6 comprises power supply, PLC, A/D converter and human-computer interaction device, frequency converter, be arranged on the encoder 14 on the axle of drive motors 2, be arranged on the temperature sensor 13 on broken roll shaft 5.Encoder 14 is connected on the axle of drive motors 2, for detecting the rotating speed n of broken roll shaft 5.Temperature sensor 13 is for detecting the temperature T of broken roll shaft 5, and temperature sensor 13 belongs to accurate device, can not be subject to larger impact, uses flexible connector 12 to connect during connection with spiral roll shaft 5 of temperature sensor 13.Encoder 14, temperature sensor 13 are all connected with PLC, and the rotating speed n, the temperature T that detect are transferred to PLC.Concrete, be provided with A/D converter between described temperature sensor 13 and PLC.Described PLC comprises speed control and temperature adjustmemt rotational speed governor, and described temperature adjustmemt rotational speed governor is used for revising rotating speed according to the temperature of described running roller, and described speed control is PID controller, for carrying out PID control to rotating speed.Described human-computer interaction device is connected with PLC by RS-232 serial line interface, for inputting blob of slag material density, water content, resting period, environment temperature and squeezing mode, presetting drive motors 2 rotating speed n
0.PLC controls the rotating speed of drive motors 2 by frequency converter.
During work, material automatic or manual loads crushing chamber 4 by spout 3, and drive motors 2, under control system 6 controls, drives broken roll shaft 5 to rotate by shaft coupling 15.Spout 3 is located at crushing chamber 4 upper end, break charging aperture tradition tangent line or certain angle position relies on self whole gravity to enter the traditional structural design of crushing chamber 4, and in conjunction with spirality cutter tooth 11 on broken roll shaft 5, broken roll shaft 5 only needs low speed that a blob of slag just can be made automatically to bring crushing chamber 4 into, compress into without the need to external force, accelerate feeding process, and simplify device manufacturing process.The solid shafting that broken roll shaft 5 is to be diameter be 130mm-170mm, leave the gap of 70-90mm between the double wedge 8 on spirality cutter tooth 11 and crushing chamber 4 inwall 7, utilize spirality cutter tooth 11 to extrude, shear blob of slag feed, the material after fragmentation is discharged from discharging opening 10.Spout 3, discharging opening 10 all adopt high chromium cast iron material, the effectively blob of slag that wearing and tearing, particularly water content are low, the resting period the is long wearing and tearing that cause because of blob of slag feed of protection, and without the need to more allowing blade replacement, cancel screen cloth, increase the service life length, reduces maintenance cost.
Figure 7 shows that the primary control program flow chart of described control method, comprise system resource and initialize, show refreshing, button query processing, various breakage parameter input and selection, and broken operation processes.Concrete control principle as shown in Figure 8, for two close cycles controls automatically, comprises speed control and temperature adjustmemt rotational speed governor two parts.Wherein, speed control is that PID controls, and input quantity presets drive motors 2 rotating speed n according to blob of slag material density, water content, resting period, squeezing mode that environment temperature is different with hot moulding with blob of slag cold press by PLC
0, the actual speed n fed back by encoder 14, according to rotating speed difference DELTA n, controls the rotating speed of frequency converter according to PID.Temperature adjustmemt rotational speed governor, is gathered the actual processing temperature T of broken roll shaft 5, delivers to PLC, with environment temperature T through A/D converter by the temperature sensor 13 be arranged on broken roll shaft 5
0relatively, size is raised according to temperature, the preset rotation speed n of outer loop feedback linear regulation drive motors 2
0, avoid transshipping on a large scale processing, particularly to process broken roll shaft 5 temperature rise caused too high and material adhesion phenomenon occurs for continuous over loading.
As shown in Figure 9, the concrete steps of the control method of the blob of slag disintegrating machine of described dynamic speed governing are:
(1) measure and inputted density γ, water content δ and the environment temperature T of a blob of slag to be processed by human-computer interaction device
0, according to the resting period t of a blob of slag
0select squeezing mode, preset broken rotating speed n
0;
(2) blob of slag to be processed is put into crushing chamber 4 by automatic or manual;
(3) temperature sensor 13 gathers actual breaking temperature value T, transfers to PLC through A/D converter;
(4) the actual breaking temperature value T and environment temperature T of temperature adjustmemt rotational speed governor
0, obtain Δ T=T
0-T; And the rotation speed difference deltan n of the broken roll shaft 5 of linear regulation
0, as Δ T>25 DEG C, Δ n
0=k (Δ T-25 DEG C), when Δ T≤25 DEG C, Δ n
0=0;
(5) speed control is according to default broken rotating speed n
0with the rotation speed difference deltan n of temperature adjustmemt rotational speed governor linear regulation
0subtract each other, obtain initial speed n
0'=n
0-Δ n
0;
(6) encoder 14 detects the actual speed n of broken roll shaft 5 and transfers to PLC, and speed control compares actual speed n and initial speed n
0' obtain difference DELTA n=n
0'-n being controlled to frequency converter output frequency f=f (Δ n) by PID according to Δ n, frequency converter controls the rotating speed n of drive motors 2 according to frequency f.
Described embodiment is preferred embodiment of the present invention; but invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; when not deviating from flesh and blood of the present invention, any apparent improvement that those skilled in the art can make, replacement or modification all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the blob of slag disintegrating machine of a dynamic speed governing, comprise drive motors (2), crushing chamber (4) and control system (6), it is characterized in that, described crushing chamber (4) upper end is provided with spout (3), lower end is provided with discharging opening (10), is provided with the broken roll shaft (5) running through crushing chamber (4) in crushing chamber (4), the two ends of described broken roll shaft (5) extend to crushing chamber (4) outside, by the roller bearings be fixed on horizontal operation face, one end of broken roll shaft (5) is connected with drive motors (2) by shaft coupling (15), and the surface soldered of described broken roll shaft (5) has spirality cutter tooth (11), the inwall (7) of described crushing chamber (4) is placed with double wedge (8), between described double wedge (8) and spirality cutter tooth (11), leaves gap, described control system (6) comprises power supply, PLC, A/D converter and human-computer interaction device, frequency converter, be arranged on the encoder (14) on the axle of drive motors (2), be arranged on the temperature sensor (13) on broken roll shaft (5), described human-computer interaction device, frequency converter, encoder (14), temperature sensor (13) is all connected with PLC, A/D converter is provided with between temperature sensor (13) and PLC, described frequency converter is also connected with drive motors (2), described PLC comprises speed control and temperature adjustmemt rotational speed governor, described speed control is PID controller.
2. the blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the solid shafting of the axle of described broken roll shaft (5) to be diameter be 130mm-170mm, the material of described spirality cutter tooth (11) is rich chromium cast iron.
3. the blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described spout (3) is positioned at the positive upper end of crushing chamber (4) and perpendicular to horizontal plane.
4. the blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described material mouth, discharging opening (10) all adopt high chromium cast iron material to make.
5. the blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the gap between described double wedge (8) and spirality cutter tooth (11) is 70-90mm.
6. the blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described temperature sensor (13) is connected with using flexible connector (12) between spiral roll shaft.
7. the blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described human-computer interaction device is connected with PLC by RS-232 serial line interface.
8. the control method of the blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) measure and inputted density γ, water content δ and the environment temperature T of a blob of slag to be processed by human-computer interaction device
0, according to the resting period t of a blob of slag
0select squeezing mode, preset broken rotating speed n
0;
(2) blob of slag to be processed is put into crushing chamber (4) by automatic or manual;
(3) temperature sensor (13) gathers actual breaking temperature value T, transfers to PLC through A/D converter;
(4) the actual breaking temperature value T and environment temperature T of temperature adjustmemt rotational speed governor
0, obtain Δ T=T
0-T; And the rotation speed difference deltan n of the broken roll shaft (5) of linear regulation
0, as Δ T>25 DEG C, Δ n
0=k (Δ T-25 DEG C), when Δ T≤25 DEG C, Δ n
0=0;
(5) speed control is according to default initial speed n
0with the rotation speed difference deltan n of temperature adjustmemt rotational speed governor linear regulation
0subtract each other, obtain initial speed n
0'=n
0-Δ n
0;
(6) encoder (14) detects the actual speed n of broken roll shaft (5) and transfers to PLC, and speed control compares actual speed n and initial speed n
0' obtain difference DELTA n=n
0'-n and according to Δ n by PID control to frequency converter output frequency f=f (Δ n), frequency converter controls the rotating speed n of drive motors (2) according to frequency f.
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| CN201310722924.8A CN103706445B (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2013-12-24 | A kind of blob of slag disintegrating machine of dynamic speed governing and control method thereof |
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| CN115212954B (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2024-01-16 | 湖南宇晖重工机械有限公司 | Intelligent hydraulic rolling sand making machine |
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