FR2447618A1 - Nouveaux types de batteries et procede pour leur charge - Google Patents
Nouveaux types de batteries et procede pour leur chargeInfo
- Publication number
- FR2447618A1 FR2447618A1 FR8001614A FR8001614A FR2447618A1 FR 2447618 A1 FR2447618 A1 FR 2447618A1 FR 8001614 A FR8001614 A FR 8001614A FR 8001614 A FR8001614 A FR 8001614A FR 2447618 A1 FR2447618 A1 FR 2447618A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- discharge
- charging
- excessive
- charge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
L'INVENTION CONCERNE DES PROCEDES PERFECTIONNES DE REGLAGE DES CONDITIONS DE CHARGE ETOU DE DECHARGE D'UNE BATTERIE QUI UTILISENT UN DISPOSITIF ELECTRIQUE 3 QUI EST CONNECTE EN SERIE AVEC LA CELLULE OU LES CELLULES DE LA BATTERIE 2 ET QUI EST DE PREFERENCE UNE PARTIE PERMANENTE DE LA BATTERIE, DE MANIERE QUE QUAND LES BORNES DE LA BATTERIE SONT CONNECTEES DE FACON A CHARGER OU A DECHARGER LA BATTERIE, LE DISPOSITIF FOURNISSE UNE PROTECTION AUTOMATIQUE CONTRE DES TEMPERATURES EXCESSIVES DE LA BATTERIE ETOU DES INTENSITES EXCESSIVES DE DECHARGE. LE DISPOSITIF COMPREND UN ELEMENT A PTC QUI DE PREFERENCE EST COMPOSE D'UNE COMPOSITION POLYMERE CONDUCTRICE ET QUI SE TROUVE DANS UN ETAT DE FAIBLE RESISTANCE DANS LES CONDITIONS OPERATOIRES NORMALES, MAIS QUI PASSE A UN ETAT DE FORTE RESISTANCE (ET REDUIT AINSI L'INTENSITE DE CHARGE OU L'INTENSITE DE DECHARGE) QUAND LA TEMPERATURE ETOU L'INTENSITE DEVIENNENT EXCESSIVES.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/006,773 US4255698A (en) | 1979-01-26 | 1979-01-26 | Protection of batteries |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2447618A1 true FR2447618A1 (fr) | 1980-08-22 |
FR2447618B1 FR2447618B1 (fr) | 1983-11-18 |
Family
ID=21722502
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR8001614A Granted FR2447618A1 (fr) | 1979-01-26 | 1980-01-25 | Nouveaux types de batteries et procede pour leur charge |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4255698A (fr) |
JP (3) | JPS55105980A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR830001602B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1150769A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3002721C2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2447618A1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2042789B (fr) |
HK (1) | HK82489A (fr) |
IL (1) | IL59223A (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2494503A1 (fr) * | 1980-11-14 | 1982-05-21 | Sanyo Electric Co | Dispositif de batteries |
EP0384204A1 (fr) * | 1989-02-07 | 1990-08-29 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd. | Batterie cylindrique à électrolyte organique pourvue d'un dispositif PTC |
Families Citing this family (84)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4475138A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1984-10-02 | Raychem Corporation | Circuit protection devices comprising PTC element |
US4413301A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1983-11-01 | Raychem Corporation | Circuit protection devices comprising PTC element |
US4330704A (en) * | 1980-08-08 | 1982-05-18 | Raychem Corporation | Electrical devices comprising conductive polymers |
US4385269A (en) * | 1981-01-09 | 1983-05-24 | Redifon Telecommunications Limited | Battery charger |
US4396880A (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1983-08-02 | Firing Circuits Inc. | Method and apparatus for charging a battery |
US4433294A (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1984-02-21 | Firing Circuits, Inc. | Method and apparatus for testing a battery |
US4549161A (en) * | 1982-02-17 | 1985-10-22 | Raychem Corporation | PTC Circuit protection device |
US4481498A (en) * | 1982-02-17 | 1984-11-06 | Raychem Corporation | PTC Circuit protection device |
US4550301A (en) * | 1982-02-17 | 1985-10-29 | Raychem Corporation | PTC Circuit protection device |
US4542365A (en) * | 1982-02-17 | 1985-09-17 | Raychem Corporation | PTC Circuit protection device |
DE3214745C1 (de) * | 1982-04-21 | 1983-07-07 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Durchführung eines automatischen Ladevorganges von in geschlossenen Räumen angeordneten gasdichten Nickel-Cadmium-Akkumulatoren |
US4467310A (en) * | 1983-10-03 | 1984-08-21 | Northern Telecom Limited | Telephone subscriber line battery feed resistor arrangements |
JPS6076872U (ja) * | 1983-11-01 | 1985-05-29 | ミノルタ株式会社 | 電池の過放電過熱防止装置 |
GB8416924D0 (en) * | 1984-07-03 | 1984-08-08 | Lucas Ind Plc | Electric storage battery |
JPS6174257A (ja) * | 1984-09-20 | 1986-04-16 | Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd | 電池 |
US4647894A (en) * | 1985-03-14 | 1987-03-03 | Raychem Corporation | Novel designs for packaging circuit protection devices |
US4884163A (en) * | 1985-03-14 | 1989-11-28 | Raychem Corporation | Conductive polymer devices |
US4774024A (en) * | 1985-03-14 | 1988-09-27 | Raychem Corporation | Conductive polymer compositions |
DK87287A (da) | 1986-02-20 | 1987-08-21 | Raychem Corp | Fremgangsmaade og apparat for anvendelse af ionbyttemateriale |
JPS6358759A (ja) * | 1986-08-28 | 1988-03-14 | Nippon Mektron Ltd | 熱履歴判別可能な電池 |
JP2563808Y2 (ja) * | 1988-11-15 | 1998-02-25 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 過電流及び過熱保護素子 |
US5150033A (en) * | 1988-12-09 | 1992-09-22 | Norand Corporation | Flat plate sealed lead-acid battery charging system and method |
US4973936A (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1990-11-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Adminstration | Thermal switch disc for short circuit protection of batteries |
DE3937158A1 (de) * | 1989-11-08 | 1991-05-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Kontrolleinrichtung fuer batteriegeraet |
US5174924A (en) * | 1990-06-04 | 1992-12-29 | Fujikura Ltd. | Ptc conductive polymer composition containing carbon black having large particle size and high dbp absorption |
US5034720A (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1991-07-23 | Bell Howard F | Current control apparatus for insertion into battery powered devices |
US5089801A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-02-18 | Raychem Corporation | Self-regulating ptc devices having shaped laminar conductive terminals |
US5436609A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1995-07-25 | Raychem Corporation | Electrical device |
GB9113888D0 (en) * | 1991-06-27 | 1991-08-14 | Raychem Sa Nv | Circuit protection devices |
JPH07501650A (ja) * | 1991-11-29 | 1995-02-16 | モトローラ・インコーポレイテッド | 保護回路付きバッテリ |
US5303115A (en) * | 1992-01-27 | 1994-04-12 | Raychem Corporation | PTC circuit protection device comprising mechanical stress riser |
US5245268A (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1993-09-14 | Jason Wang | Battery charger with current stabilizer |
US5378407A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1995-01-03 | Raychem Corporation | Conductive polymer composition |
US5852397A (en) | 1992-07-09 | 1998-12-22 | Raychem Corporation | Electrical devices |
US5394094A (en) * | 1993-05-13 | 1995-02-28 | Industrial Scientific Corporation | Portable gas sensor utilizing fault protective battery cap |
US5451919A (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1995-09-19 | Raychem Corporation | Electrical device comprising a conductive polymer composition |
JP3459256B2 (ja) | 1993-08-23 | 2003-10-20 | レイケム・コーポレイション | ワイヤハーネスにおける正特性サーミスタの使用 |
DE4403468C2 (de) * | 1994-02-04 | 1998-07-09 | Daimler Benz Ag | Entnahmestromüberwachungssystem für Traktionsbatterien in Elektro- und Hybridfahrzeugen |
DE69504333T2 (de) | 1994-05-16 | 1999-05-12 | Raychem Corp | Elektrisches bauteil mit einem ptc-widerstandselement |
US5652501A (en) * | 1994-12-12 | 1997-07-29 | Unitrode Corporation | Voltage sensor for detecting cell voltages |
US5581170A (en) * | 1994-12-12 | 1996-12-03 | Unitrode Corporation | Battery protector |
US5689173A (en) * | 1995-02-07 | 1997-11-18 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Battery pack |
DE69632687T2 (de) * | 1995-08-07 | 2005-06-09 | Tyco Electronics Raychem K.K., Kawasaki | Ptc-vorrichtung und batteriesatz, der diese verwendet |
DE69606310T2 (de) * | 1995-08-15 | 2001-04-05 | Bourns Multifuse Hong Kong Ltd | Oberflächenmontierte leitfähige bauelemente und verfahren zur herstellung derselben |
TW309619B (fr) * | 1995-08-15 | 1997-07-01 | Mourns Multifuse Hong Kong Ltd | |
US5801612A (en) * | 1995-08-24 | 1998-09-01 | Raychem Corporation | Electrical device |
US5637978A (en) * | 1995-11-06 | 1997-06-10 | Kendrick Products Corporation | Battery booster |
SE506757C2 (sv) * | 1996-07-02 | 1998-02-09 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Säkringsanordning för en portabel batteridriven elektrisk apparat |
US5856773A (en) * | 1996-11-04 | 1999-01-05 | Raychem Corporation | Circuit protection device |
US6020808A (en) | 1997-09-03 | 2000-02-01 | Bourns Multifuse (Hong Kong) Ltd. | Multilayer conductive polymer positive temperature coefficent device |
US5993990A (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-30 | Moltech Corporation | PTC current limiting header assembly |
GB9820132D0 (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1998-11-11 | Raychem Ltd | Battery over-discharge protection |
JP2002526911A (ja) | 1998-09-25 | 2002-08-20 | ブアンズ・インコーポレイテッド | 正温度係数重合体物質を製造するための二段法 |
US6137669A (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-10-24 | Chiang; Justin N. | Sensor |
US6362721B1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2002-03-26 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Electrical device and assembly |
US6854176B2 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2005-02-15 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Process for manufacturing a composite polymeric circuit protection device |
US6640420B1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2003-11-04 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Process for manufacturing a composite polymeric circuit protection device |
US6340878B1 (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2002-01-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Silicon equivalent PTC circuit |
US6597551B2 (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2003-07-22 | Huladyne Corporation | Polymer current limiting device and method of manufacture |
US20030026053A1 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2003-02-06 | James Toth | Circuit protection device |
DE10223672A1 (de) * | 2002-05-28 | 2003-12-11 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrisch angetriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs und Vorrichtung hierzu |
JP4107881B2 (ja) * | 2002-05-30 | 2008-06-25 | 三洋電機株式会社 | パック電池 |
US6771051B2 (en) * | 2002-06-29 | 2004-08-03 | Motorola, Inc. | Thermally limited battery protection and charging circuit |
KR20050058521A (ko) * | 2002-08-30 | 2005-06-16 | 타이코 일렉트로닉스 레이켐 케이. 케이. | 통전 단자 및 통전 단자용 어댑터 |
US6942941B2 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-09-13 | General Motors Corporation | Adhesive bonds for metalic bipolar plates |
US7742270B2 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2010-06-22 | Invensys Systems, Inc. | System and method for limiting energy in an industrial control system |
US11751873B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2023-09-12 | Cilag Gmbh International | Electrically powered surgical instrument with manual release |
US10314583B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2019-06-11 | Ethicon Llc | Electrically self-powered surgical instrument with manual release |
US8579176B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2013-11-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling and cutting device and method for using the device |
US8627995B2 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2014-01-14 | Ethicon Endo-Sugery, Inc. | Electrically self-powered surgical instrument with cryptographic identification of interchangeable part |
US7479608B2 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2009-01-20 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Force switch |
US9662116B2 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2017-05-30 | Ethicon, Llc | Electrically self-powered surgical instrument with cryptographic identification of interchangeable part |
US8038046B2 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2011-10-18 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical surgical instrument with optimized power supply and drive |
US7959050B2 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2011-06-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc | Electrically self-powered surgical instrument with manual release |
US9554803B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2017-01-31 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Electrically self-powered surgical instrument with manual release |
US8627993B2 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2014-01-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Active braking electrical surgical instrument and method for braking such an instrument |
CN101454855B (zh) * | 2006-05-19 | 2012-05-30 | 爱惜康内镜外科公司 | 力控开关 |
EP2486866A3 (fr) * | 2006-05-19 | 2014-04-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Commutateur de force mécanique pour un instrument médical |
DE102007031558A1 (de) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Akkumulator und Akkupack |
US8641273B2 (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2014-02-04 | Sinoelectric Powertrain Corporation | Thermal interlock for battery pack, device, system and method |
US9806515B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2017-10-31 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Protection of cables and connectors |
CN106133995B (zh) | 2014-04-10 | 2019-11-15 | 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 | 用于电动车辆蓄电池的加热器 |
JP2016107923A (ja) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-20 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | 充電制御回路 |
US10272758B2 (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2019-04-30 | Proterra Inc. | Battery system of an electric vehicle |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3171076A (en) * | 1961-09-13 | 1965-02-23 | Fox Prod Co | Battery charger with output voltage automatically matching battery rating |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2157139A (en) * | 1936-05-22 | 1939-05-09 | Carlos B Mirick | Battery charging system |
DE1144802B (de) * | 1956-11-28 | 1963-03-07 | Svenska Ackumulator Ab | Vorrichtung zur Konstanthaltung der Spannung in einem elektrischen Stromkreis |
US3243753A (en) * | 1962-11-13 | 1966-03-29 | Kohler Fred | Resistance element |
US3351882A (en) * | 1964-10-09 | 1967-11-07 | Polyelectric Corp | Plastic resistance elements and methods for making same |
GB1167551A (en) * | 1965-12-01 | 1969-10-15 | Texas Instruments Inc | Heaters and Methods of Making Same |
US3518524A (en) * | 1967-01-03 | 1970-06-30 | Sunbeam Corp | Cordless electric appliance |
US3667026A (en) * | 1970-12-02 | 1972-05-30 | Motorola Inc | Automatic temperature responsive battery charging circuit |
JPS498422A (fr) * | 1972-05-24 | 1974-01-25 | ||
US3793716A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1974-02-26 | Raychem Corp | Method of making self limiting heat elements |
JPS5610352B2 (fr) * | 1972-12-13 | 1981-03-07 | ||
JPS5540702Y2 (fr) * | 1974-01-18 | 1980-09-22 | ||
JPS52100893A (en) * | 1976-02-18 | 1977-08-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Doppler radar |
US4091267A (en) * | 1976-07-19 | 1978-05-23 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Self-regulating electric heater |
FR2368127A1 (fr) * | 1976-10-15 | 1978-05-12 | Raychem Corp | Compositions a coefficient de temperature positif et dispositifs en comprenant |
GB1597007A (en) * | 1976-12-16 | 1981-09-03 | Raychem Corp | Conductive polymer compositions and devices |
US4238812A (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-12-09 | Raychem Corporation | Circuit protection devices comprising PTC elements |
US4237441A (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-12-02 | Raychem Corporation | Low resistivity PTC compositions |
FR2443125A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-06-27 | Raychem Corp | Dispositifs ptc comprenant des barrieres contre l'oxygene |
-
1979
- 1979-01-26 US US06/006,773 patent/US4255698A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-01-24 KR KR1019800000252A patent/KR830001602B1/ko active
- 1980-01-25 JP JP822080A patent/JPS55105980A/ja active Pending
- 1980-01-25 IL IL59223A patent/IL59223A/xx unknown
- 1980-01-25 CA CA000344439A patent/CA1150769A/fr not_active Expired
- 1980-01-25 GB GB8002625A patent/GB2042789B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-01-25 DE DE3002721A patent/DE3002721C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-01-25 FR FR8001614A patent/FR2447618A1/fr active Granted
-
1989
- 1989-10-19 HK HK824/89A patent/HK82489A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-03-01 JP JP5039914A patent/JP2574979B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-08-14 JP JP8214592A patent/JP2777354B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3171076A (en) * | 1961-09-13 | 1965-02-23 | Fox Prod Co | Battery charger with output voltage automatically matching battery rating |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2494503A1 (fr) * | 1980-11-14 | 1982-05-21 | Sanyo Electric Co | Dispositif de batteries |
EP0384204A1 (fr) * | 1989-02-07 | 1990-08-29 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd. | Batterie cylindrique à électrolyte organique pourvue d'un dispositif PTC |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0613068A (ja) | 1994-01-21 |
DE3002721A1 (de) | 1980-08-07 |
HK82489A (en) | 1989-10-27 |
JP2574979B2 (ja) | 1997-01-22 |
US4255698A (en) | 1981-03-10 |
JPS55105980A (en) | 1980-08-14 |
IL59223A0 (en) | 1980-05-30 |
DE3002721C2 (de) | 1997-02-20 |
IL59223A (en) | 1982-08-31 |
GB2042789A (en) | 1980-09-24 |
FR2447618B1 (fr) | 1983-11-18 |
KR830001602B1 (ko) | 1983-08-16 |
JP2777354B2 (ja) | 1998-07-16 |
GB2042789B (en) | 1983-07-27 |
JPH09115503A (ja) | 1997-05-02 |
KR830002405A (ko) | 1983-05-28 |
CA1150769A (fr) | 1983-07-26 |
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