FR2391175A1 - Procede pour lier un verre biologique a un metal et produit ainsi obtenu - Google Patents

Procede pour lier un verre biologique a un metal et produit ainsi obtenu

Info

Publication number
FR2391175A1
FR2391175A1 FR7812479A FR7812479A FR2391175A1 FR 2391175 A1 FR2391175 A1 FR 2391175A1 FR 7812479 A FR7812479 A FR 7812479A FR 7812479 A FR7812479 A FR 7812479A FR 2391175 A1 FR2391175 A1 FR 2391175A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
temperature
metal
glass
binding
product
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR7812479A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
FR2391175B1 (fr
Inventor
Larry Leroy Hench
Paul John Buscemi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Florida
Original Assignee
University of Florida
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Florida filed Critical University of Florida
Publication of FR2391175A1 publication Critical patent/FR2391175A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2391175B1 publication Critical patent/FR2391175B1/fr
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
    • C03C4/0007—Compositions for glass with special properties for biologically-compatible glass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0012—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0012—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy
    • A61C8/0013—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy with a surface layer, coating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
    • A61L27/30—Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/306—Other specific inorganic materials not covered by A61L27/303 - A61L27/32
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
    • A61L27/30—Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/32—Phosphorus-containing materials, e.g. apatite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/02—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing by fusing glass directly to metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
    • C23D5/04—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers by dry methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00592—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
    • A61F2310/00796—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. hydroxy(l)apatite
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00928—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of glass or of glass-containing compounds, e.g. of bioglass

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fixation d'une couche de verre biologique sur un substrat métallique, qui consiste à chauffer le substrat métallique ayant une surface oxydée et dépolie au voisinage d'une température T1 à laquelle la dilatation du métal est substantiellement égale à celle du verre biologique à la température Ts à laquelle la relation entre la température et le volume du verre devient non linéaire, à immerger la surface métallique chauffée dans le verre fondu, la durée d'immersion étant telle que la température du métal ne monte pas au-dessus de la température T1 et à laisser le substrat revêtu se refroidir rapidement jusqu'à la température Ts puis plus lentement. Prothèses et implants chirurgicaux obtenus par ce procédé.
FR7812479A 1977-05-19 1978-04-27 Procede pour lier un verre biologique a un metal et produit ainsi obtenu Granted FR2391175A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/798,671 US4159358A (en) 1977-05-19 1977-05-19 Method of bonding a bioglass to metal

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2391175A1 true FR2391175A1 (fr) 1978-12-15
FR2391175B1 FR2391175B1 (fr) 1982-06-11

Family

ID=25173996

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR7812479A Granted FR2391175A1 (fr) 1977-05-19 1978-04-27 Procede pour lier un verre biologique a un metal et produit ainsi obtenu

Country Status (21)

Country Link
US (1) US4159358A (fr)
JP (1) JPS53145394A (fr)
AT (1) AT370617B (fr)
AU (1) AU504017B1 (fr)
BE (1) BE866323A (fr)
BR (1) BR7802572A (fr)
CA (1) CA1102953A (fr)
CH (1) CH631143A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE2818630C2 (fr)
DK (1) DK151641C (fr)
ES (1) ES469173A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2391175A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1552570A (fr)
GR (1) GR68894B (fr)
IE (1) IE46804B1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1104191B (fr)
LU (1) LU79539A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL7804395A (fr)
NO (1) NO144126C (fr)
SE (1) SE439730B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA782401B (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2469916A1 (fr) * 1979-11-26 1981-05-29 Davidas Jean Paul Procede de realisation d'artifices utilisables in-vivo et artifices realises par ce procede
EP0318024A2 (fr) * 1987-11-27 1989-05-31 Stefan Dr. Neumeyer Elément de liaison mécanique
EP0468435A2 (fr) * 1990-07-24 1992-01-29 DENTSLPLY GmbH Composition de céramique dentaire pour les prothèses en titane
US5562733A (en) * 1990-07-24 1996-10-08 Dentsply G.M.B.H. Dental ceramic, coated titanium prosthesis

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US4254189A (en) * 1979-07-05 1981-03-03 Memorex Corporation Disc having substrate, intermediate layer and magnetically sensitive layer wherein intermediate layer has melting point less than annealing temperature of substrate but higher than processing temperature of magnetically sensitive layer
US4256796A (en) * 1979-11-05 1981-03-17 Rca Corporation Partially devitrified porcelain composition and articles prepared with same
JPS5775646A (en) * 1980-10-29 1982-05-12 Nippon Kogaku Kk Dental implant
US4478904A (en) * 1981-04-08 1984-10-23 University Of Florida Metal fiber reinforced bioglass composites
US4481237A (en) * 1981-12-14 1984-11-06 United Technologies Corporation Method of applying ceramic coatings on a metallic substrate
JPS58118746A (ja) * 1982-01-07 1983-07-14 株式会社ニコン 歯科用インプラント及びその製造方法
AT373772B (de) * 1982-04-19 1984-02-27 Feldmuehle Ag Verfahren zur beschichtung von oralimplantatpfeilern
JPS5982849A (ja) * 1982-11-02 1984-05-14 日本特殊陶業株式会社 義歯装着用歯科インプラント
DE3241589A1 (de) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-17 Pfaudler-Werke Ag, 6830 Schwetzingen Implantate und verfahren zu deren herstellung
ES526645A0 (es) * 1982-12-02 1985-09-01 Wallone Region Perfeccionamientos introducidos en el proceso para la obtencion de materiales bioreactivos
US4572924A (en) * 1983-05-18 1986-02-25 Spectrum Ceramics, Inc. Electronic enclosures having metal parts
JPS6043310U (ja) * 1983-09-05 1985-03-27 ハイル、ヘミッシェ−ファルマツォイティッシェ、ファブリック、ゲ−エムベ−ハ−、ウント、コンパニ−、カ−ゲ− 歯根植込材
US4608350A (en) * 1983-10-27 1986-08-26 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Precursor solutions for biologically active glass
US4786555A (en) * 1983-10-27 1988-11-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Support particles coated with or particles of precursors for or of biologically active glass
DD247888A1 (de) * 1984-01-24 1987-07-22 Univ Schiller Jena Phosphatglaskeramik
FR2559386B1 (fr) * 1984-02-15 1987-10-23 Suissor Sa Couche ceramique superficielle transparente d'une reconstitution ceramo-metallique dentaire
US4775646A (en) * 1984-04-27 1988-10-04 University Of Florida Fluoride-containing Bioglass™ compositions
US4613516A (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-09-23 Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. Bonding of bioactive glass coatings
KR890003069B1 (ko) * 1985-06-10 1989-08-21 구레하 가가꾸 고오교오 가부시끼가이샤 이식 물질
JPH0669482B2 (ja) * 1985-08-08 1994-09-07 住友化学工業株式会社 骨内インプラントの製造法
US4818559A (en) * 1985-08-08 1989-04-04 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Method for producing endosseous implants
DD246028A1 (de) * 1986-02-12 1987-05-27 Karl Marx Stadt Tech Hochschul Keramisiertes metallimplantat
DD282180A5 (de) * 1989-03-03 1990-09-05 Univ Schiller Jena Verfahren zur herstellung bioaktiver und mechanisch hoch belastbarer implantate
FR2646084B1 (fr) * 1989-04-20 1994-09-16 Fbfc International Sa Materiau bioreactif de remplissage de cavites osseuses
US5370694A (en) * 1989-07-25 1994-12-06 Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc. Zirconium oxide and nitride coated endoprostheses for tissue protection
US5258022A (en) * 1989-07-25 1993-11-02 Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc. Zirconium oxide and nitride coated cardiovascular implants
US5037438A (en) * 1989-07-25 1991-08-06 Richards Medical Company Zirconium oxide coated prosthesis for wear and corrosion resistance
US5152794A (en) * 1989-07-25 1992-10-06 Smith & Nephew Richards Inc. Zirconium oxide and nitride coated prothesis for reduced microfretting
US5496359A (en) * 1989-07-25 1996-03-05 Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc. Zirconium oxide and zirconium nitride coated biocompatible leads
CA2021814C (fr) * 1989-07-25 2002-04-02 James A. Davidson Prothese a base d'un alliage de zirconium avec un revetement a base d'oxide ou de nitrure de zirconium
US5282850A (en) * 1989-07-25 1994-02-01 Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc. Artificial heart components with wear resistant coatings of reduced thrombogenicity
US5628790A (en) * 1989-07-25 1997-05-13 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Zirconium oxide zirconium nitride coated valvular annuloplasty rings
US5649951A (en) * 1989-07-25 1997-07-22 Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc. Zirconium oxide and zirconium nitride coated stents
US5061286A (en) * 1989-08-18 1991-10-29 Osteotech, Inc. Osteoprosthetic implant
US5236458A (en) * 1989-09-06 1993-08-17 S.A. Fbfc International Bioreactive material for a prosthesis or composite implants
US5702448A (en) * 1990-09-17 1997-12-30 Buechel; Frederick F. Prosthesis with biologically inert wear resistant surface
US5288232A (en) * 1990-12-18 1994-02-22 American Thermocraft Corporation Subsidiary Of Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated Dental porcelain for titanium and titanium alloys
US5314334A (en) * 1990-12-18 1994-05-24 American Thermocraft Corporation Subsidiary Of Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated Dental procelain bond layer for titanium and titanium alloy copings
DE4113021C2 (de) * 1991-04-20 1995-01-26 Carus Carl Gustav Resorbierbare Phosphatgläser und resorbierbare Phosphatglaskeramiken, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung
JPH06105900A (ja) * 1992-09-22 1994-04-19 Mitsubishi Materials Corp 生体活性セラミックス被覆インプラント
US5642996A (en) * 1993-10-20 1997-07-01 Nikon Corporation Endosseous implant
US5658332A (en) * 1994-06-30 1997-08-19 Orthovita, Inc. Bioactive granules for bone tissue formation
JP2000509006A (ja) * 1996-04-24 2000-07-18 オウェンス コーニング 高いｋｉ値を有するガラス組成物及びそれから得られる繊維
US5840290A (en) * 1996-05-30 1998-11-24 University Of Florida Research Foundation Injectable bio-active glass in a dextran suspension
US6051247A (en) * 1996-05-30 2000-04-18 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Moldable bioactive compositions
US6034014A (en) * 1997-08-04 2000-03-07 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Glass fiber composition
US5972384A (en) * 1997-10-01 1999-10-26 University Of Maryland, Baltimore Use of biologically active glass as a drug delivery system
US6113636A (en) * 1997-11-20 2000-09-05 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Medical article with adhered antimicrobial metal
AU1942099A (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-07-12 Us Biomaterials Corporation Tape cast multi-layer ceramic/metal composites
US6517863B1 (en) 1999-01-20 2003-02-11 Usbiomaterials Corporation Compositions and methods for treating nails and adjacent tissues
US6482427B2 (en) 1999-04-23 2002-11-19 Unicare Biomedical, Inc. Compositions and methods for repair of osseous defects and accelerated wound healing
US6228386B1 (en) 1999-04-23 2001-05-08 Unicare Biomedical, Inc. Compositions and methods to repair osseous defects
AU2001249510A1 (en) * 2000-03-27 2001-10-08 Schott Glas New cosmetic, personal care, cleaning agent, and nutritional supplement compositions comprising bioactive glass and methods of making and using the same
US6787584B2 (en) * 2000-08-11 2004-09-07 Pentron Corporation Dental/medical compositions comprising degradable polymers and methods of manufacture thereof
US20030159618A1 (en) * 2002-01-03 2003-08-28 Primus Carolyn M. Dental material
TWI267378B (en) * 2001-06-08 2006-12-01 Wyeth Corp Calcium phosphate delivery vehicles for osteoinductive proteins
US6966932B1 (en) * 2002-02-05 2005-11-22 Biomet, Inc. Composite acetabular component
US8614263B2 (en) * 2009-02-06 2013-12-24 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Non-biodegradable endodontic sealant composition
US9421303B2 (en) * 2013-03-06 2016-08-23 Covalent Coating Technologies, LLC Fusion of biocompatible glass/ceramic to metal substrate
US20150140297A1 (en) * 2013-11-19 2015-05-21 Steven E. Johnson Surface preparation using optical energy
EP3226977B1 (fr) 2014-12-05 2021-06-23 Augusta University Research Institute, Inc. Composites de verre pour l'augmentation de tissus, et pour des applications biomédicales et cosmétiques
WO2019191350A1 (fr) 2018-03-28 2019-10-03 Corning Incorporated Vitrocéramique au phosphate de bore à faible perte diélectrique
US11167375B2 (en) 2018-08-10 2021-11-09 The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York Additive manufacturing processes and additively manufactured products
US11464740B2 (en) 2019-04-29 2022-10-11 Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Method and devices for delivering therapeutics by oral, respiratory, mucosal, transdermal routes

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FR2277792A1 (fr) * 1974-07-12 1976-02-06 Nat Res Dev Procede de production d'un article metal-ceramique
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2469916A1 (fr) * 1979-11-26 1981-05-29 Davidas Jean Paul Procede de realisation d'artifices utilisables in-vivo et artifices realises par ce procede
EP0029787A1 (fr) * 1979-11-26 1981-06-03 Jean-Paul Davidas Procédé de réalisation d'artifices utilisables in-vivo et artifices réalisés par ce procédé
EP0318024A2 (fr) * 1987-11-27 1989-05-31 Stefan Dr. Neumeyer Elément de liaison mécanique
EP0318024A3 (en) * 1987-11-27 1990-04-25 Stefan Dr. Neumeyer Mechanical correcting element
EP0468435A2 (fr) * 1990-07-24 1992-01-29 DENTSLPLY GmbH Composition de céramique dentaire pour les prothèses en titane
EP0468435A3 (en) * 1990-07-24 1992-10-28 Dentslply Gmbh Dental ceramic composition for titanium prostheses
US5562733A (en) * 1990-07-24 1996-10-08 Dentsply G.M.B.H. Dental ceramic, coated titanium prosthesis

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK181178A (da) 1978-11-20
DE2818630A1 (de) 1978-11-23
US4159358A (en) 1979-06-26
IE46804B1 (en) 1983-09-21
IT1104191B (it) 1985-10-21
SE439730B (sv) 1985-07-01
AU504017B1 (en) 1979-09-27
DK151641B (da) 1987-12-21
GR68894B (fr) 1982-03-15
ZA782401B (en) 1979-05-30
ATA296878A (de) 1982-09-15
NO781395L (no) 1978-11-21
CH631143A5 (fr) 1982-07-30
JPS53145394A (en) 1978-12-18
LU79539A1 (fr) 1978-11-28
BE866323A (fr) 1978-10-25
NO144126B (no) 1981-03-23
NL7804395A (nl) 1978-11-21
CA1102953A (fr) 1981-06-16
FR2391175B1 (fr) 1982-06-11
GB1552570A (en) 1979-09-12
IT7849101A0 (it) 1978-04-27
JPS5741941B2 (fr) 1982-09-06
DK151641C (da) 1988-07-04
SE7804881L (sv) 1978-11-20
DE2818630C2 (de) 1981-10-08
BR7802572A (pt) 1978-12-19
ES469173A1 (es) 1979-09-16
IE780820L (en) 1978-11-19
NO144126C (no) 1981-07-01
AT370617B (de) 1983-04-25

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