FR2023562A1 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- FR2023562A1 FR2023562A1 FR6939640A FR6939640A FR2023562A1 FR 2023562 A1 FR2023562 A1 FR 2023562A1 FR 6939640 A FR6939640 A FR 6939640A FR 6939640 A FR6939640 A FR 6939640A FR 2023562 A1 FR2023562 A1 FR 2023562A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
- D06M15/277—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
- C07D303/08—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by halogen atoms, nitro radicals or nitroso radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/18—Introducing halogen atoms or halogen-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/38—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen
- C08G18/3802—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having halogens
- C08G18/3804—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3812—Polyhydroxy compounds having fluorine atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/46—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain having heteroatoms other than oxygen
- C08G18/4607—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain having heteroatoms other than oxygen having halogens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/68—Unsaturated polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers only
- C08G65/22—Cyclic ethers having at least one atom other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring
- C08G65/223—Cyclic ethers having at least one atom other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring containing halogens
- C08G65/226—Cyclic ethers having at least one atom other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring containing halogens containing fluorine
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/203—Unsaturated carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/207—Substituted carboxylic acids, e.g. by hydroxy or keto groups; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/21—Halogenated carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/213—Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
- D06M13/236—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid containing halogen atoms
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/325—Amines
- D06M13/328—Amines the amino group being bound to an acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atom
- D06M13/33—Amines the amino group being bound to an acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atom containing halogen atoms
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/368—Hydroxyalkylamines; Derivatives thereof, e.g. Kritchevsky bases
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/372—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen containing etherified or esterified hydroxy groups ; Polyethers of low molecular weight
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8427668 | 1968-11-18 | ||
| JP8925268 | 1968-12-05 | ||
| JP9351368A JPS5011347B1 (instruction) | 1968-12-19 | 1968-12-19 | |
| JP9351468A JPS4724000B1 (instruction) | 1968-12-19 | 1968-12-19 | |
| JP952469 | 1969-02-07 | ||
| JP1841169A JPS5020200B1 (instruction) | 1969-03-10 | 1969-03-10 | |
| JP7414669 | 1969-09-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2023562A1 true FR2023562A1 (instruction) | 1970-08-21 |
Family
ID=27563512
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR6939640A Pending FR2023562A1 (instruction) | 1968-11-18 | 1969-11-18 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US3870748A (instruction) |
| BE (1) | BE741860A (instruction) |
| CH (4) | CH520812A (instruction) |
| DE (2) | DE1966959A1 (instruction) |
| FR (1) | FR2023562A1 (instruction) |
| GB (1) | GB1301480A (instruction) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2207907A1 (instruction) * | 1972-11-28 | 1974-06-21 | Ciba Geigy Ag | |
| EP0074057A3 (de) * | 1981-09-04 | 1983-06-29 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Perfluoralkylester, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als schmutzabweisendes Mittel |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH520812A (de) * | 1968-11-18 | 1972-03-31 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Verfahren zum Öl- und Schmutzabweisendmachen von Textilien |
| US4165338A (en) * | 1968-11-18 | 1979-08-21 | Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. | 2-Hydroxy-1,1,2,3,3-pentahydro-perfluoroalkyl derivatives, their production and use |
| US4209610A (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1980-06-24 | Frank Mares | Partially fluorinated esters or amide/esters of benzene polycarboxylic acids, and dyeable pet and nylon fibers incorporating the same and process of making such fibers |
| US4029585A (en) * | 1975-07-26 | 1977-06-14 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Aqueous dispersions of perfluoroalkyl esters for treating textiles |
| US4046944A (en) * | 1976-04-06 | 1977-09-06 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Fluorinated condensation polymers and their use as soil release agents |
| US4219625A (en) * | 1977-12-16 | 1980-08-26 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Fluorinated polyol esters |
| US4426476A (en) | 1982-02-03 | 1984-01-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Textile treatments |
| US4472466A (en) * | 1982-03-08 | 1984-09-18 | American Hoechst Corporation | Soil repellent fluorinated esters of multi-ring anhydride systems |
| US4395566A (en) * | 1982-03-08 | 1983-07-26 | American Hoechst Corporation | Solvent-free esterification of carboxyaromatics |
| US4550189A (en) * | 1982-08-23 | 1985-10-29 | American Hoechst Corporation | Soil repellents derived from fluorinated acrylates and aromatic amines |
| US4537728A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-08-27 | Allied Corporation | Fluorinated and non-fluorinated terminally halogenated alkyl pyromellitates |
| DE3622534A1 (de) * | 1986-07-04 | 1988-01-07 | Hoechst Ag | Neue polyfluorierte cyclische carbonate, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihrer verwendung |
| US5032666A (en) * | 1989-06-19 | 1991-07-16 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Amine rich fluorinated polyurethaneureas and their use in a method to immobilize an antithrombogenic agent on a device surface |
| US5068397A (en) * | 1990-08-15 | 1991-11-26 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Tris-perfluoroalkyl terminated neopentyl alcohols and derivatives therefrom |
| US5266724A (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1993-11-30 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Fluorine-containing compounds |
| US5188747A (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1993-02-23 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Fluorine-containing lubricant compounds |
| DE69229445T2 (de) * | 1991-10-18 | 2000-01-20 | Minnesota Mining And Mfg. Co., Saint Paul | Verfahren zur verhinderung von uebertragung von viralen pathogenen |
| US5690949A (en) * | 1991-10-18 | 1997-11-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Microporous membrane material for preventing transmission of viral pathogens |
| US5981038A (en) * | 1991-10-18 | 1999-11-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. | Laminate preventing transmissions of viral pathogens |
| JP2884900B2 (ja) * | 1992-04-08 | 1999-04-19 | 日本電気株式会社 | 磁気記憶体 |
| US5380778A (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1995-01-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fluorochemical aminoalcohols |
| US6610917B2 (en) | 1998-05-15 | 2003-08-26 | Lester F. Ludwig | Activity indication, external source, and processing loop provisions for driven vibrating-element environments |
| FR2785531B1 (fr) * | 1998-11-09 | 2000-12-15 | Oreal | Composition de vernis a ongles comprenant un citrate fluore |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3057890A (en) * | 1958-04-17 | 1962-10-09 | Petrolite Corp | Certain polyoxyalkylene glycol esters |
| US3385904A (en) * | 1962-10-30 | 1968-05-28 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Decyclization of fluorinated cyclic ethers to perfluorinated tertiary alcohols |
| US3459788A (en) * | 1964-02-25 | 1969-08-05 | Nippon Soda Co | Process for preparation of bis-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-benzene dicarboxylate |
| FR1408874A (fr) * | 1964-07-08 | 1965-08-20 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | Procédé de préparation de téréphtalate d'hydroxyéthyle |
| US3433824A (en) * | 1965-07-19 | 1969-03-18 | Dow Chemical Co | Process for making glycol esters |
| JPS5242784B1 (instruction) * | 1968-05-30 | 1977-10-26 | ||
| CH520812A (de) * | 1968-11-18 | 1972-03-31 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Verfahren zum Öl- und Schmutzabweisendmachen von Textilien |
| US3624139A (en) * | 1969-01-02 | 1971-11-30 | Basf Wyandotte Corp | Acrylic acid esters |
| US3504016A (en) * | 1969-02-28 | 1970-03-31 | Du Pont | Fluorinated polyesters |
-
1969
- 1969-11-18 CH CH285170A patent/CH520812A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-11-18 BE BE741860D patent/BE741860A/xx unknown
- 1969-11-18 DE DE19691966959 patent/DE1966959A1/de active Pending
- 1969-11-18 CH CH1714269A patent/CH527163A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-11-18 DE DE1958012A patent/DE1958012C3/de not_active Expired
- 1969-11-18 FR FR6939640A patent/FR2023562A1/fr active Pending
- 1969-11-18 CH CH363972A patent/CH528471A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-11-18 CH CH285170D patent/CH285170A4/xx unknown
- 1969-11-18 GB GB5632869A patent/GB1301480A/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-10-24 US US299741A patent/US3870748A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-01-06 US US05/538,507 patent/US4084059A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2207907A1 (instruction) * | 1972-11-28 | 1974-06-21 | Ciba Geigy Ag | |
| EP0074057A3 (de) * | 1981-09-04 | 1983-06-29 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Perfluoralkylester, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als schmutzabweisendes Mittel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1958012B2 (de) | 1980-04-30 |
| BE741860A (instruction) | 1970-05-04 |
| DE1958012A1 (de) | 1970-06-04 |
| US4084059A (en) | 1978-04-11 |
| CH285170A4 (instruction) | 1971-09-30 |
| GB1301480A (instruction) | 1972-12-29 |
| CH527163A (de) | 1972-08-31 |
| US3870748A (en) | 1975-03-11 |
| CH520812A (de) | 1972-03-31 |
| DE1958012C3 (de) | 1981-02-26 |
| CH528471A (de) | 1972-09-30 |
| DE1966959A1 (de) | 1976-01-02 |