FI88198B - System for insulation of mine installations and procedure for its use - Google Patents

Description

1 88193 System for isolating mine installations and method of operating the system. - System for isolation from the installation and use of the installation.

The present invention relates to a system for insulating tunnels, rock cavities and similar mine installations, in which a drainage layer and a watertight film are installed immediately adjacent to the rock or on the surface of the reinforcement layer attached thereto so as to follow the shapes of the rock or reinforcement layer.

The invention also relates to a method of using an insulating layer to insulate tunnels, rock cavities and similar mining installations, wherein a drainage layer and a waterproof film are installed immediately next to the rock or on the surface of the reinforcement layer attached thereto so as to follow the rock or reinforcement layer shapes.

Whenever water-conducting cracks extend through mining installations, tunnels, rock cavities, and open cuts, etc., water is present as moisture, droplets, or running / splashing water. This water can freeze in the winter. This forms vibrating ice and icicles. This phenomenon occurs •: in those parts of the mine installation where the air temperature falls below the freezing point. Examples of mining installations in which this occurs are the outer parts of transport tunnels (tunnels running from the surface down to the main tunnel) and track and road tunnels that are open at both ends and thus allow cold air to flow into and through the tunnel. This phenomenon often occurs in road rock cuts.

Ice formation causes major problems. In many y: cases, the free movement of vehicles in track and road tunnels remains difficult. This causes traffic disruptions. As the air temperature rises, the ice melts and falls down.

2 88198

Equipment, vehicles and people, etc. can be damaged and injured.

The ice must be constantly chipped away (cleaned) to eliminate the risk of damage and to maintain the operation of the equipment. De-icing work is both dangerous and expensive. There have been deaths in Sweden due to de-icing. Substantial sums are spent every year on de-icing work. De-icing usually means that, for example, a road tunnel must be closed either completely or partially. The result is a traffic disruption.

Ice formation also affects rock and reinforcements on the job site. Boulders may fall when the water in the crack freezes and forces the boulder off. Reinforcements made of shotcrete and cast concrete suffer from frost damage as a result of frost-induced cracking. This results in shorter service life and increased maintenance and repair costs.

For this reason, it can be said that the formation of ice in mining installations poses major problems, which are limited use, risk of damage, shortened service life and increased maintenance and repair costs. Continuous de-icing is essential and this is both dangerous and expensive.

Several different systems are currently available to solve the problem of ice formation. For example, insulated vaults made of plastic and sheet metal have been installed inside the tunnels. These vaults have the disadvantages, for example, that they require a certain amount of space, which in turn means that a tunnel with a larger cross-section has to be blown up or, for example, more free space has to be made for traffic. They are also expensive and require long delivery and installation times (prefabrication for tunnels of different sizes).

3 88198

Fire authorities have also begun to take a negative stance on the plastic vaults used in traffic tunnels, where, for example, vehicle fires can occur. An extruded foam mat has also been used. In general, this system has the same disadvantages as described above. Experiments have also been done to heat the air and prevent freezing in this way. However, this is a very expensive method and very sensitive to hardware breakage. Insulated sewers have sometimes been used locally. Quite often, the effect of these is weak, as water leakage due to clogging must be removed from an area that has already been drained by sewers. In addition, such local applications provide poor protection against frost.

The main object of the present invention is thus to prevent the formation of ice and to make it possible to drain the advancing water by means of a sewer system. At the same time, the invention must use as little space as possible, require only a short installation time and be flexible in its operating characteristics (easily applicable to tunnels of different cross-sections, etc.). The invention must also be suitable for use not only for complete insulation of a mine installation but also for partial insulation of the installation.

The rock itself maintains a relatively constant temperature of about + 5 ° C throughout the year. The water penetrating through the cracks is basically at the same temperature as the surrounding rock. The object of the invention is thus to prevent cold air from cooling rock and water.

This object is achieved by a method according to the invention, which is essentially characterized in that the frost-resistant thermal insulation is applied to the surface of the waterproof film and that the fire protection insulation is installed on the surface of said thermal insulation;

4 88198

It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for developing a system for insulating tunnels, rock cavities and similar mine installations, wherein the drainage layer and the waterproof membrane are installed immediately adjacent to or on the surface of the reinforcement layer attached to the rock. This further object is achieved by the method according to the invention, which is essentially characterized in that the thermal insulation is installed on the surface of the waterproof film to combat frost and that the fire protection insulation is installed on the surface of the thermal insulation.

The invention will now be explained by considering two exemplary embodiments and referring to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of an insulation system.

Figure 2 shows another embodiment of an insulation system.

The invention comprises a plurality of parts or components assembled to form a system for frost insulation of mine installations. The system consists of the following components and is constructed as follows. Immediately next to the rock 1 or on the outer surface of the reinforcement layer 2, a drainage layer 3 and a waterproof membrane 4 are mounted on the one hand. Water is drained through the drainage layer 3 to a sewer pipe which carries water away from the installation. The drainage layer 3 and the waterproof membrane 4 are installed immediately against the rock 1 or the reinforcement layer 2, so that they follow the appearance of the rock and thus require as little space as possible. This method has been used for many years to remove water and in this way 5 88198 dripping water and running water, etc. have been controlled, but this structure does not achieve frost insulation.

According to the invention, this basic system is supplemented with thermal insulation 6 so that the formation of frost is prevented. The reinforcing mesh 5 can be attached to the surface of the waterproof film 4. For example, the thermal insulation 5 of polyurethane is then applied by spraying or some other suitable method. When the reinforcing mesh 5 is used, it acts as a reinforcement inside the insulating layer, thus forming a strong insulating layer. The thickness of the insulation can simply be regulated depending on the air temperature at which the system is to operate.

The refractory material 7 is applied to the outer surface of the thermal insulation 5, 6 to provide a refractory structure. The nature of the refractory layer 7 may vary according to the different requirements of the fire authorities. Usually, a thin layer of fire-retardant gypsum can be applied to the outer surface of the thermal insulation 5, 6.

In the case of a rock with a very uneven surface shape 1, it is possible to install a leveling net 8 on the rock first,. 1 surface or shotcrete 2 to smooth the surface shapes and allow this net 8 to form part of the reinforcing layer 2. The system described above is then attached to the surface of the net 8 as shown in Figure 2 and the system comprises a drainage layer 3, a waterproof film 4 comes reinforcement 5 as well as thermal insulation 6 and fire protection layer 7.

The frost insulation system thus comprises several components, X of which are all available in different lengths or weights.

The system is simply built on site s 88198 and can be adapted to suit tunnels with different cross-sections and different requirements, etc. As the insulation follows the shape of the rock, as little space as possible is required. Its method of use or fastening is also suitable for systematic treatment so that it can isolate not only complete mine installations, but also parts of mine installations.

An additional advantage is that existing dewatering systems can easily be supplemented with thermal insulation of the frost so that water leaking into the structures does not freeze, with the advantages of: - it can be built from several components that are assembled immediately on site; - that it can be used in all types of mining installations, regardless of their size or shape, etc .; - that the nature of the insulation can be varied depending on the outside temperature at which the system is used; - that it is a flexible system that follows or follows the surface of the rock and therefore requires as little space as possible; and - that it can be equipped with various fire protections.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the drawings, but may vary within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (11)

A system for insulating tunnels, rock cavities and similar rock installations, wherein a drainage layer (3) and a waterproof membrane (4) are applied closest to the rock (1) or outside a reinforcing layer (2, 8) fixed thereon, so that they follow the contour of the rock or reinforcement layer, characterized in that outside the watertight membrane (4) is a thermal insulation (6) to prevent frost applied and that a fire protection insulation (7) is applied without said thermal insulation (6). 2. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation (6) is extruded on the waterproof membrane (4). 3. A system according to claim 2, characterized in that a reinforcing net (5) is attached to the waterproof membrane (4), around which the thermal insulation (6) is extruded. 4. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal insulation (6) is formed of polyurethane. 5. A system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fire protection insulation (7) is formed by plastering. Method for obtaining a system according to any of the above-mentioned claims for insulation of tunnels, rock cavities and similar rock installations, wherein a drainage layer (3) and a waterproof membrane (4) are placed closest to the rock (1) or attached to it. reinforcement layer (2, 8), so that they follow the contour of the rock or reinforcement layer, characterized in that a thermal insulation (6) is applied to the outside of the waterproof membrane (4) in order to prevent frost and applying a fire protection insulation (7) to the outside of the thermal insulation (6). Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the thermal insulation (6) is sprayed outside the waterproof membrane (4). Method according to any one of claims 6-7, characterized in that a reinforcement net (5) is attached to the waterproof membrane (4), whereupon the thermal insulation (6) is sprayed around said net (5). Method according to any of claims 7-8, characterized in that polyurethane is sprayed to form said thermal insulation (6). Method according to any one of claims 6-9, characterized in that a fire protection insulation (7) is applied in the form of plaster outside the thermal insulation (6). 11. A method according to any of claims 6-10, characterized in that the system is applied directly to the site and that parts of or entire rock installations are insulated, for example providing the thermal antifreeze insulation (5, 6) along existing pre-existing water conductors. drainage layer (3) and waterproof membrane (4).