EP0898052B1 - Method of sealing a subterranean formation against the penetration of water - Google Patents

Abstract

After application of the concrete (14) a moisture-insensitive sealing layer is applied to it and then an elastic sealing system is placed on the dry sealing layer. The concrete is applied to the ceiling and walls of the tunnel (10), and additionally to the floor. Spray concrete is used. Before application of the elastic sealing system a flow position sealing system is applied to the sealing layer in the area of water leak positions.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for sealing of underground cavities against water ingress.

Underground cavities can include tunnels, tunnels, shafts, Pipes and caverns. Such cavities and the systems located therein require protection against Moisturization through groundwater, mountain water or surface water. To do this, either the mountains must be injected waterproofed or the structure itself be sealed. Injection systems are predominantly used used, which are complex and costly. often the water looks for other ways, which then also again are difficult to seal. Because of this lies the sealing of the building itself close, even if this is carried out extremely laboriously must become. Sealing is carried out by means of sealing membranes (membranes) in spots or strips z. B. attached to the ceilings and walls of a tunnel and then z. B. with a layer of in-situ concrete or concrete parts. often does it come z. B. by mechanical influences or by insufficient welding of the geomembranes in the seam area too difficult to repair defects in the Membranes. Repairing these imperfections is so difficult because of the membrane is clamped practically loosely between the concrete parts and thus on both sides of the water can be infiltrated. Leaks inside the tunnel can therefore be very far away from the actual water leak in the membrane. All over the membranes To be able to stick to the surface, a dry surface is required. To achieve This dry subsoil is also used to lower the groundwater. However, these measures are very labor and cost intensive.

CH 560 811 A describes a method for sealing underground cavities against Ingress of water is known which comprises the following steps: applying concrete to at least part of the rock surrounding the cavity, applying a moisture-insensitive Sealing layer in the form of an adhesive layer by spraying, applying a film as part of an elastic sealing system on the dry sealing layer, Applying another layer of adhesive and expanding the cavity. With the however, the known sealing layer is not a seal for active water seepage possible. On the contrary, the application of the sealing layer in the form of Adhesive layer on leaky surfaces make subsequent sealing impossible as soon as the concrete surfaces are contaminated with the adhesive layer.

Regarding those used in the method known from the aforementioned document Adhesive layers should be noted that in each bitumen rubber layer water is included, which is either chemically bound or has to dry out. With that in the However, the method described above, drying is not possible, only a hardening is conceivable.

In addition, the known method will not work for the reason that the application of the film is practically impossible, since the film has a difficult adhesion to the subsurface and also technically hardly welds the seams is possible.

The invention is therefore based on the object of a method for sealing underground Provide cavities against water ingress that are easy to use, inexpensive and is effective.

a) Aufbringen von Beton auf zumindest einen Teil des den Hohlraum umgebenden Gesteins nach einer gegebenenfalls erforderlichen temporären Grundwasserabsenkung,

b) Aufbringen einer feuchtigkeitsunempfindlichen Abdichtungsschicht auf den Beton durch Verspritzen oder Streichen,

c) Aufbringen eines elastischen Abdichtungssystems auf die trockene Abdichtungsschicht durch Verspritzen oder Streichen und

d) Ausbau des Hohlraumes.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method for sealing underground cavities against water ingress, which comprises the following steps:

a) applying concrete to at least part of the rock surrounding the cavity after a temporary lowering of the groundwater, which may be necessary,

b) applying a moisture-resistant sealing layer to the concrete by spraying or brushing,

c) applying an elastic sealing system to the dry sealing layer by spraying or brushing and

d) expansion of the cavity.

According to a special embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the underground Cavity is a tunnel.

It can be provided that the concrete on the ceiling and the walls of the tunnel is applied.

The concrete is preferably shotcrete.

It can also be provided that the concrete is additionally applied to the floor of the tunnel becomes. When the further steps according to the invention have been listed, thus penetration of the groundwater both on the ceiling and on the walls and completely prevented on the floor. Because this particular embodiment of the method does not lead to permanent lowering of the groundwater, it is used especially when if permanent groundwater subsidence is not possible or is not wanted. The The expansion of the tunnel is then to be calculated statically in such a way that not only sufficient back pressure against the upcoming soil or against the upcoming rocks but also against the groundwater under full pressure.

The concrete is preferably applied to the concrete by pouring or painting.

Conveniently, it is provided that before the elastic sealing system is applied a flow point sealing system at least in the area of water leaks the sealing layer is applied. The pour point sealing system serves of course not only for sealing flow pillars but also flow areas. It is primarily necessary when there is a high groundwater pressure.

According to a further special embodiment of the invention it can be provided that Before applying the concrete, a drainage device for draining off in the ceiling and Wall area existing water is installed in the floor area of the tunnel. The Drainage equipment is used to drain the groundwater into the floor area of the tunnel and reduce the pressure on the tunnel.

Before the concrete is applied, steel girders, in particular, are advantageously used Double-T girders, at least on the ceiling and in the transverse direction of the tunnel Clamped walls of the tunnel.

It is preferably provided that at least one behind or next to the steel beams Drainage pipe for draining off water in the ceiling and wall area in the floor area of the tunnel is relocated.

Furthermore, the sealing layer is preferably a sealing slurry, which in one or several operations is applied. The sealing slurry is used for drying the surface of the possibly still moist concrete. It must be on damp or wet Adhere and bind to the surface and must of course seal the damp Effect surfaces.

It can be provided that the sealing slurry is mineral.

It can further be provided that the sealing slurry is cement-bound.

Preferably, the sealing slurry with a liquid, e.g. B. water mixed. Of course, the sealing slurry can also be sprayed or brushed on be applied.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the elastic sealing system is glued on.

Preferably, a material is used as the sealing system that is also after the gluing sticks strongly. This ensures that there is a connection to both sides and the groundwater cannot run behind on either side.

Conveniently, the elastic sealing system is one Rubber-bitumen mixture that when heated through Splash is applied. With a suitable sprayer can be applied evenly the elastic Reach the sealing system on the surface. The Rubber-bitumen mixture is characterized by an enormous Elasticity, which is in the range of 2000%.

In particular, it can be provided that the Rubber-bitumen mixture is a latex-bitumen mixture.

On the other hand, it can also be provided that the elastic Sealing system a cold or hot processable bitumen or mixed bitumen product.

It can be provided that the bitumen or bitumen mixed product a two-component bitumen thick coating includes.

On the other hand, it can also be provided that the elastic Sealing system includes a synthetic resin coating.

In particular, it can be provided that the synthetic resin coating made of polyurethane, polysulfide, elasticized Epoxy resin, acrylic or silicone.

Again alternatively, it can also be provided that the elastic waterproofing system at least one bitumen or Includes high polymer web by gluing over the entire surface is applied. However, this type of sealing is normal only possible with relatively flat surfaces.

It can also be provided that the pour point sealing system a quick-setting cement-bound waterproofing cement includes.

Alternatively, it can be provided that the pour point sealing system a sealing material, e.g. injection resin or cement-bonded glues Injection in water leaks is applied.

Again, alternatively, it can be provided that the pour point sealing system is multi-component.

According to a particular embodiment, the pour point sealing system comprises a fast-setting cement-bound Waterproofing powder that is dry in the range of Water leaks rubbed into the sealing layer and a hardening and silicification liquid that is applied to the rubbed sealing powder, being on the resulting floating point sealing system a moisture-resistant sealing layer in at least is applied in one operation. By rubbing in The sealing powder becomes an immediate hardening and drying of the sealing layer achieved. flow marks or surfaces are also by pressing firmly of the sealing powder. The hardening and silicification liquid solidifies the sealing layer in addition and causes anchoring to the subsurface.

It can also be provided that the expansion of the tunnel incorporating an inner concrete shell.

It can be provided that the inner concrete shell In-situ concrete, which is processed as cast or shotcrete, will be produced.

Finally, it can alternatively be provided that the Concrete inner shell made of precast segments with a Backfill made of a pressing material be manufactured.

The invention is based on the surprising finding that through the use of sprayable and / or spreadable as well as inexpensive materials a simple and inexpensive Installation of a seal is possible. About that in contrast to membranes, the brushable and / or sprayable sealing products too directly on bushings, e.g. Connect doors, pipes, etc. without special sealing constructions must be created. Should it be out of any Reasons, e.g. after the appearance of a very wide crack, leakage is a repair without great effort possible. For example, you would in this Fall into the visible water leak a sealing Inject material under pressure directly above the waterway to the sealing system through the sealing system would heal through it. Through the Initial sealing with a moisture-resistant sealing layer it becomes possible to be sensitive to moisture Products that include long-term sealing absorb movements and cracks, applied. The elastic sealing system takes over an additional "buffer function". Slight movements e.g. the inner concrete shell or the rock or sand subsoil are steamed without any problems. Any shocks will caught by the elastic sealing system. ever the more value is placed on this buffer function, the more the sealing system should be thicker. The Thickness of the sealing system combined with the elasticity of the material also results in a possible crack bridging. Tests have shown that a layer thickness of 4 mm a material with 2000% elasticity, pressed in between two concrete layers, one-sided concrete cracks of more than Can bridge 5 mm without the crack in the on the layer of concrete lying on the other side of the sealing system is passed on. It is pressurized up to very high pressures of e.g. Given 50 bar.

Fig. 1

eine gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erhaltene Tunnelabdichtung im Schnitt zeigt;

Fig. 2 bis 6

eine Schrittabfolge einer zweiten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeigen;

Fig. 7

einen mittels einer herkömmlichen Membranabdichtung abgedichteten Riß (Wasserleckstelle) zeigt; und

Fig. 8

einen mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens abgedichteten Riß (Wasserleckstelle) zeigt.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the claims and the following description, in which exemplary embodiments are explained in detail with reference to the drawings, in which:

Fig. 1

shows a tunnel seal obtained according to a first embodiment of the method according to the invention in section;

2 to 6

show a sequence of steps of a second embodiment of the method according to the invention;

Fig. 7

shows a crack sealed by a conventional membrane seal (water leak); and

Fig. 8

shows a crack sealed by means of the method according to the invention (water leak).

Fig. 1 shows a section on the right through a removed Tunnel 10 and an enlarged section on the left. The Tunnel 10 is constructed according to a first embodiment of the invention Process sealed as follows:

The tunnel 10 is built in the usual way in the shell. Likewise, in the usual way at intervals of 0.7 to 1.2 m steel girder (not shown), mainly double-T girder, across the tunnel on the ceiling and on the walls clamped. Be behind or next to the steel beams or several drainage pipes (not shown). This should be in contact with rock 12 if possible. Only then is shotcrete 14 applied in the usual way Inner surface applied. The existing groundwater will be via the drainage pipes laterally into the floor area of the Tunnels 10 dissipated. The shotcrete 14 is used for surface hardening but also to compensate for that uneven rock 12.

After the shotcrete 14 has hardened, the shotcrete surface becomes with a moisture-resistant sealing layer in the form of a commercially available cement-bound sealing slurry 16 provided in one or more operations. The application is preferably done by spraying that mixed with a liquid, preferably water Sealing slurry 16 on the shotcrete surface. The sealing slurry 16 adheres to moist or wet shotcrete surface and sets this. About that In addition, the sealing slurry 16 effects a seal of the damp surfaces.

After that, an elastic sealing system is in shape an elastic hot spray compound 18 on the now dry Applied underground.

Finally, an inner concrete shell 20 is introduced in the usual way. By means of the seal according to the invention, the groundwater present is drained from the ceiling and the walls into the floor area of the tunnel 10, where it is discharged by means of further drainage pipes (not shown). The advantage of such a seal consists in the relatively simple possibility of solving the problem of the water present by simply draining it away, and also in the static absorption force for existing groundwater that is not to be taken into account in the concrete inner shell. There is no pressing water in the area of the seal, as this is drained through the drainage pipes. Such a seal can of course only be used if the groundwater or rock above it is allowed to withdraw the groundwater. Groundwater withdrawal can lead to subsidence, for example, which can severely damage buildings above or in the area of the tunnel.
Lowering groundwater could severely damage listed buildings, protected landscapes, power plants, individual buildings, cities or villages.

2 to 6 show a sequence of steps of a second embodiment of the method according to the invention. At this Embodiment is different from that with reference 1 described first embodiment of the inventive method between the application of Sealing slurry 16 and the hot spray compound 18 a pour point sealing system 17 for plugging water leaks, of which only one water leak 22 is shown applied. A flow point sealing system is particularly then required if there are high groundwater pressures. This is given, among other things, if the floor area of the tunnel 10 is sealed. Such a seal is mainly used when permanent groundwater subsidence are not possible or are not wanted. In Fig. 2 is shotcrete 14 applied to the rock 12. The Shotcrete 14 has a water leak 22. 3 is a sealing slurry 16 applied to the shotcrete 14. Since flow points or areas are naturally included a cement-bound sealing slurry 16 or with other surface sealing materials on epoxy / polyurethane or other basis cannot be sealed, remain the water leaks even after the cement-bound has set Sealing slurry 16. After the sealing slurry has hardened 16, the water leak 22 must therefore be sealed. This is done with the flow point sealing system 17 (see Fig. 4). This is a very fast setting cement-bound waterproofing powder applied, the dry in a previously applied sealing slurry (not shown) is rubbed. This has an immediate one This results in hardening and drying of the layer. water leaks are also achieved by firmly pressing in the sealing powder sealed. On this already dry surface becomes a hardening and silicification material applied that the aforementioned layer additionally solidified and anchoring to the ground. Subsequently once again a sealing slurry (not shown) applied in at least one operation. The elastic hot spray compound 18 is then applied to the now apply a dry surface (see Fig. 5). Finally, a concrete inner shell is used in the usual way 20 introduced (see Fig. 6).

7 and 8 are a conventional one Membrane seal sealed crack and one by means of a Embodiment of the method according to the invention sealed Crack compared. With the reference numeral 24 marked water. This is pressing through a crack 26. The water penetrating 24 is indeed in the area of the crack 26 by a membrane seal 28 not allowed inside the tunnel, but can possibly at a different location in the tunnel interior reach. In contrast, in an inventive Sealing the penetrating water in no Walk in the direction.

The one in the previous description, in the drawing as well as features of the invention disclosed in the claims can be used individually or in any combination for realizing the invention in its various Embodiments may be essential.

Claims (30)

1. A method of sealing underground cavities against water entry, comprising the following steps:

   a) applying concrete to at least a part of the rock surrounding the cavity, this being done after any necessary temporary groundwater lowering,

   b) application of a moisture-insensitive sealing layer to the concrete by gunning or spreading,

   c) applying an elastic sealing system to the dry sealing layer by gunning or spreading and

   d) lining the cavity.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the underground cavity is a tunnel (10).
3. A method according to claim 2, characterised in that the concrete is applied to the roof and walls of the tunnel (10).
4. A method according to claim 3, characterised in that the concrete is gunned concrete (14).
5. A method according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that concrete is additionally applied to the floor of the tunnel (10).
6. A method according to claim 5, characterised in that the concrete is applied to the floor by pouring or spreading.
7. A method according to claim 6, characterised in that before the elastic sealing system is applied a flow point sealing system (17) is applied to the sealing layer at least in the region of water leakage points.
8. A method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterised in that before the concrete is applied a drainage means is installed in the floor area of the tunnel (10) for discharging water accumulating in the roof and wall area.
9. A method according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterised in that before the concrete is applied steel girders, particularly double-T girders, are installed in the usual manner, transversely of the configuration of the tunnel (10), at least at the roof and walls of the tunnel (10).
10. A method according to claim 9, characterised in that at least one drainage pipe is laid in the floor area of the tunnel (10) behind or next to the steel girders for the purpose of discharging water accumulating in the roof and wall area.
11. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sealing layer is a sealing slurry (16) which is applied in one or more operations.
12. A method according to claim 11, characterised in that the sealing slurry (16) is mineral.
13. A method according to claim 11, characterised in that the sealing slurry (16) is cement-bound.
14. A method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterised in that the sealing slurry (16) is mixed with a liquid, for example water.
15. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the elastic sealing system is stuck on.
16. A method according to claim 15, characterised in that a material which is adhesive even after being stuck on is used as elastic sealing system.
17. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the elastic sealing system is a rubber-bitumen mixture which is applied in the heated state.
18. A method according to claim 17, characterised in that the rubber-bitumen mixture is a latex-bitumen mixture.
19. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the elastic sealing system comprises a cold or hot workable bitumen or bitumen mix product.
20. A method according to claim 19, characterised in that the bitumen or bitumen mix product comprises a two-component bitumen thick coating.
21. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the elastic sealing system is a synthetic resin coating.
22. A method according to claim 21, characterised in that the synthetic resin coating consists of polyurethane, polysulphide, elasticised epoxy resin, acrylic or silicone.
23. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the elastic sealing system comprises at least one bitumen or high-polymer web which is applied by sticking on over the full surface.
24. A method according to any one of claims 7 to 23, characterised in that the flow point sealing system (17) comprises a quick-setting cement-bound sealing cement.
25. A method according to any one of claims 7 to 23, characterised in that the flow point sealing system (17) comprises a sealing material, for example injection resin or cement-bound glues, which is applied by injection in water leakage points.
26. A method according to any one of claims 7 to 23, characterised in that the flow point sealing system (17) is multi-component.
27. A method according to claim 26, characterised in that the flow point sealing system (17) comprises a quick-setting cement-bound sealing powder which is rubbed dry into the sealing layer in the region of the water leakage points, and a hardening and silicifying liquid, which is applied to the rubbed-in sealing powder, a moisture-insensitive sealing layer being applied in at least one operation to the resulting flow point sealing system (17).
28. A method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterised in that the lining of the tunnel (10) comprises the introduction of an inner concrete shell (20).
29. A method according to claim 28, characterised in that the inner concrete shell (20) is made from in-situ concrete which is processed in the form of poured or gunned concrete.
30. A method according to claim 28, characterised in that the inner concrete shell (20) is made from prefabricated segments which are introduced with a backfilling of a pressure-applying material.

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