FI61067C - SKIVKONSTRUKTION - Google Patents

Description

$ SU OM I —FI N LAN D Patent Publication - Patent Patent 61067 © Kv.ll ^. / Lnt.ct? E 04- C 2/26 ® Patent application - Patentansökning 802811 X © Application date - Ansökningsdag 08.09.80 © Start date - Giltighetsdag 08.09.80 @ Published public - Blivit offentlig 22.10.80 © Date of publication and publication published—

Ansökan utlagd och utl.skriften publicerad 29-01.82

National Board of Patents and Registration © Patent granted - Patent meddelat 17.01.83

Patents and registries

Privilege requested — Begärd priority (73) (72) Matti Home, Lystimäenkuja 5, 02210 Espoo 21, Finland-Finland (FI) (74) Forssen & Salomaa Oy (54) Levyrakenne - Skivkonstruktion

The invention relates to a slab structure which is intended for the lower, intermediate, upper floor or wall structures of a building and through which structures an air flow passes for heating / cooling purposes.

The object of the invention is to provide a new plate structure for use in construction, the components of which act as a mold, reinforcement, insulation, moisture and air barrier, storage and transfer of solar heat or night air or mechanically cooled air and recirculated heat, and various installations such as electricity, water. , as an installation and / or suspension base for sewerage and ventilation piping, which as a whole forms the heating or cooling coil of the building's lower, intermediate, upper floor or wall structure and room heating and cooling system.

This invention relates to the composite structure disclosed in Applicant's Finnish Patent Publication No. 54,006, but this new invention does not limit the adhesive protrusion between the reinforcing sheet and the cast component to include only the solution disclosed in said patent publication, but includes all adhesive protrusion solutions which between the component to provide sufficient adhesion to the composite structure. Likewise, the present invention may deviate from the scope of the patent publication 2,61067 in that it is not necessary to provide a gripping projection on the side opposite to the castable component of the sheet, but the sheet may also be smooth.

The following materials, listed from the bottom up, have become common ground floor solutions in the building, in which case the floor covering is not mentioned.

- concrete + insulation + concrete - gravel + insulation + concrete - concrete + insulation + corrugation - concrete + insulation + slab - Lightweight gravel + concrete - concrete element The common feature of all these solutions, excluding the concrete element, is that they need an underground floor. Making such an underground floor in summer conditions is always successful, but winter construction brings numerous problems to part of the underground floor. Let us list a few of these, which e.g. M. Sc. Paavo Perjo has stated in his article in Rakennusteollisuus magazine 3/1979. "Reliable densification of underground flooring in winter conditions is unresolved. Postponing the construction of underground floors to take place inside the hull is likely to confuse the entire schedule of the interior preparation phase. The financial outcome of the detached house project will be achieved or lost with foundation and earthworks."

As energy prices have risen, efforts have been made to find suitable methods for collecting and storing solar thermal energy. Liquid circulating collectors have generally stored heat in water, but collectors built for air heating have not been able to economically solve heat storage. In addition, good insulation of the accumulator has the advantage that heat loss to the surrounding space can be minimized, thus making the accumulator operate more efficiently.

In Sweden, the so-called Termo Deck system, where air is recirculated in intermediate floor structures. This system is based on the use of hollow core slabs, whereby air is circulated in the hollow core slabs. The disadvantage of this Termo Deck system is that it is only suitable for mezzanine structures and apartment buildings.

The plate element according to the present invention is suitable for all buildings and preferably for subfloor structures because the plate element can be industrially connected with such effective insulation that the transfer of heat to the spaces below the subfloor is not harmful.

In addition, a system has been developed in Sweden by Siporex producers in which air is recirculated in the air space below the lower floor, but it is not comparable to the plate structure according to the invention, where the air is transported in the structure itself.

Both of the systems described above have health-hazardous features. Concrete and soil contain radioactive material (radium-226), from which radon-222 gas is released. As air travels in the cavities of the hollow core slab or in the spaces below the subfloor, the radon gas mixes with the air and enters the room spaces. In addition, the cavities of the hollow core slab are rough and easily collect dust, so that the resulting disadvantages may be so significant that the system cannot be used.

When the plate element according to the invention does not contain materials hazardous to health and the sheet metal component is located between the concrete and the air space, the application of the plate element as an air duct system cannot pose a health hazard. Likewise, the accumulation of dust in the ducts is prevented due to the slippery surfaces of the duct.

The weight of the hollow core slabs or the like of the components of the Swedish systems in question is so great that machines are required for their transfer when the slab element according to the invention can be moved by hand when the concrete is poured on site. Concrete elements cannot be applied to solutions in which HVAC components are placed in concrete casting, which is why the use of the slab element according to the invention is more economical than the above-mentioned systems.

The invention is mainly characterized in that in order to form the base structures and / or wall structures substantially entirely of said plate structure, it comprises as a sandwich structure combination at least the following layers: a) an insulating layer of self-adhesive foamable insulation material, b) or the like, which together with the corrugations of said corrugated sheet delimits an air duct in the structure, and which sheet prevents the corrugations of the corrugated sheet from being filled at said air spaces in the manufacture of an insulating layer on the opposite side of the corrugated sheet to the insulating layer so that the casting component together with the corrugated sheet forms a load-bearing composite structure due to its adhesive projection omen.

Preferred are e.g. embodiments of the invention in which the castable component of the composite structure is concrete and the insulation is a plastic-based insulation, such as polyurethane and polyisocyanurate or the like, which is made to adhere to a sheet metal or wood fiber board or the like by its own gluing effect.

Preference is also given to applications in which the components have been assembled as far as possible in the factory, and the application of the invention is described in more detail in a solution which serves as the lower floor of the building.

Nevertheless, it should be emphasized that the invention is in no way limited to the use of concrete and plastic insulation, but instead of concrete the castable component may be gypsum, aerated concrete, such as siporex, lightweight gravel concrete and the like, which can be made to surround to provide the intended composite structure of the sheet metal adhesion projection, and it should also be emphasized that the material on the opposite side of the sheet may be mineral wool, styrox, chipboard, siporex material or wood fiber board, sheet metal, panel, etc. in addition to the self-adhesive layer.

The plate structure according to the invention can be the lower, intermediate or upper floor or wall structure of a building or, in general, a structure whose function is to receive the stresses applied to it.

It should be emphasized that although the above has been used as a reinforcing sheet, it is to be understood that the invention also includes solutions in which a sheet other than steel is used as the sheet, e.g. a corresponding metal sheet or plastic sheet or a combination thereof, and the like.

The components of the plate structure according to the invention can also be assembled from parts at a construction site or the like.

The heating systems in apartment buildings are mainly based on liquid circulating systems. An obstacle to the use of air heating systems is e.g. was that no air ducts had been placed in the building. In apartment buildings, the utilization of solar heat is also e.g. for the same reason was negligible.

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The following describes the advantages of an embodiment of the invention compared to conventional subfloor solutions. To illustrate the description, the term "floor element" is used hereinafter. Concrete or similar material is poured on site.

The "floor element" according to the invention is - a foundation element ready for concreting, self-supporting at the mold stage and pre-insulated, which is installed on the foundations.

- the "floor element" sheet is hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, in which case there is no risk of corrosion under any circumstances.

- the insulation of the "floor element" is made of water vapor-tight, non-dehydrated, strong, permanent and chemically resistant polyurethane or polyisocyanurate, etc.

- "floor element" is a Multi-purpose Building Material that a self-employed builder can use.

With this embodiment of the invention, the "floor element" is used quickly and economically to build the subfloors of detached houses, apartment buildings, office buildings, halls and warehouses, and in general of all buildings covered by building construction.

The "floor element" eliminates: - delays in the construction work due to design errors - difficulties in the construction phase caused by the soil - effects of weather conditions on the construction work - different timing of the formwork, reinforcement and insulation work

Design work can be carried out reliably, which eliminates delays in foundation work due to possible design errors. The "element" is easy to cut, so that dimensional errors in the foundations can be corrected even on site.

The difficulties in the foundation phase caused by the soil are reduced because the excavation work is limited to only part of the foundation, mainly in the area of the load-bearing walls.

The weather conditions do not interfere with the foundation work, as the "floor element" is suitable for construction in all seasons.

The formwork and reinforcement work is carried out simultaneously with the thermal and moisture insulation work, as the "floor element" includes all this.

The "floor element" acts as a concrete casting mold, reinforcement, thermal insulation and moisture barrier for the roof of the full and share basement and the cold 6,61067 basement under the house.

Underfloor heating piping and underfloor heating cables as well as protective pipes for water and electrical installations can be placed on top of the "floor element" before concreting, making the work easy and quick to complete. Sewer and air conditioning pipes are preferably hung under the "floor element".

The weight of the floor element is about 7 kg / jm, so no machines are needed to move the element. The installation work of the "elements" can also be carried out inside the frame. In this way, it is possible to eliminate the disadvantage of weather conditions and make it easier to set up in winter.

With the help of the ductwork of the "floor element", the heat of the sun can be stored in the concrete layer using air as a heat transfer medium.

In the following, a method for collecting solar heat and storing heat in a subfloor solution according to the invention will be described.

The utilization of solar heat is carried out by collecting heat by means of black profile dampers acting as a water cover, so that the air entering its grooves under the dampers is preheated with the waste heat leaving the house in the attic. At the same time, the solar panels act as a water cover, keeping the rain clean. The profile dampers can be coated with a transparent plate to increase the efficiency of the solar panels. When the black profile dampers are covered with water and the brush angle is small, the sun can shine on both patches at the same time, allowing the collector due to its large surface area to collect large amounts of heat.

The warm air rises in the grooves of the profile plates in the direction of the brush, whereby the air is sucked out of the brush by means of a supply air fan. The brush has a few holes under the brush plate in which the suction pipes and the air return pipes are placed. The suction pipes are connected in the attic or in another suitable place in the manifold. The manifold is connected by a duct to a supply air fan located in connection with the heat exchanger. The return pipes are connected to a collector duct, which is connected to the ductwork of the lower base.

Depending on the season and the need for heat, the air heated by the sun is distributed through a heat-storing lower base either to the rooms or under a brush damper to be reheated in it.

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The air that is directed to the heat storage is transported in the grooves of the profile plates. After passing through the house, the air is collected in a collection duct placed under the floor, from where the air enters the collector duct and from there further through the corrugated plate ducts and the collecting ducts under the brush plate. In addition to satisfying the need for heating, such dry, clean and warm air can be used, for example, to dry clothes. Drying can take place e.g. so that a hole is drilled in the duct under the floor at the drying cabinet and the exhaust flue is placed at the top of the drying cabinet. Air passes through the cabinet and is removed by an exhaust fan.

The solar heat storage solution according to the invention can thus be used as a day / night and weekly storage unit during the heating season (March, April and May and September and October). In summer (June, July and August) the sun’s heat is stored for the fall.

The presented solar heat collection and storage system is economical, because it can be used e.g. minimize wasted energy. When knives are known in a conventional house, about 10% of the heat energy is removed from the rooms through the floor, about 16% through the roof, about 24% through walls and windows, about 10% through sewage and about 40% through ventilation and the like.

With the solutions according to the invention, part of the above-mentioned waste heat can be returned to the room. On the other hand, solar heat collection and storage equipment is inexpensive compared to alternatives on the market.

When a solar-heated air transfer system and a house heating and ventilation system are as described above, significant advantages can be obtained over other equipment designed for a similar purpose. The cost of the system is about 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the cost of current systems on the market. The presented system is also designed for the recycling of solar-heated air for both summer and winter conditions, in which case the free heat can also be utilized and stored in summer. system.

The developed system has been made economical e.g. because the floor solution according to the invention is suitable for air recycling, in which case separate distribution devices such as piping and blow-in boxes are not required.

A significant advantage is that the air recirculation duct system can be used as an air heating system as recirculated air ducts from the rooms as well as when taking fresh air from the attic space of the house. In this way, the heat stored in the sun can be used effectively for heating the house and the materials of the floor solution are not harmful to health.

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A significant advantage is also that the same ducts can be used during the hot season (or in warm countries) for night air or mechanical cooling of rooms. The possible disadvantages caused by the formation of condensed water in the ducts are eliminated by the fact that the fiberboard or similar board on the lower surface of the corrugated board absorbs moisture and releases it to the air spaces again.

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to some application examples of the invention shown in the figures of the accompanying drawing, to which the invention is not intended to be narrowly limited.

Figure 1 shows a cross-section of an embodiment of the invention, in which the insulation is tightly attached to the sheet metal and the air duct system is sandwiched between two profiled sheets.

Figure 2 shows a cross-section of an embodiment of the invention in which the air duct system is sandwiched between a profiled sheet metal and a planar sheet.

Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of an embodiment of the invention, where the plate solution according to the invention acts as a lower base and wall structure.

Figure 4 shows a basic solution for applying a plate solution according to the invention to solar heat storage, recirculated air recirculation and house heating and cooling.

Figure 1 shows a corrugated plate provided with a gripping projection 1 'and a normal corrugated plate 1 joined together, insulator 3, insulation protective paper or plate or the like 4, additional steels 10, if necessary due to the design of the structure, pipe installations 15, which may be underfloor heating pipes or cables. Concrete or similar material 11 can be poured on site or it can be ready in the structure. Coating 14 is usually installed on site.

Fig. 2 shows the same components 1,1 ', 3,4,10,11,14 and 15 as in Fig. 1. In addition, the cross-section of Fig. 2 shows a board 2, which may be a sheet metal, wood fiber board, mineral fiber board or the like, which is necessary , when foamable insulators are used as insulation 3, in which case they protect the air spaces 5 from being filled with insulation or when the insulation is omitted, for example in intermediate floor solutions.

Fig. 3 shows the same components 1,3,4,5,10,11,14 and 15 as in Fig. 2. In addition, an air supply duct 6 made of sheet metal or similar material and the duct 7 itself are shown. The figure shows a tree run 9, which illustrates in one way the base supported. - 61067 sex foundation.

Insulators 12, which are necessary so that the heat from under the house and from the heat storage does not escape too quickly through the foundation, and the bituminous strip strip 13 so that air moisture can escape through the stone gravel strip of the bitumen strip.

It is also possible to implement the support, for example, in that in the lower floor solution according to the invention the unconreted "floor element" is supported directly on the foundation and torn, in which holes the steel pins 10 'are found so that the loads are transferred to the foundation. In this case, a tight joint is obtained between the foundation and the "floor element", because in the concreting stage the weight of the concrete does the sealing work. In this case, the moisture under the subfloor cannot penetrate between the floor element and the foundation, which is why e.g. a strip of bituminous felt on a stone surface on top of the foundation at this point may be unnecessary. However, a bitumen felt strip under the bottom beam of the wall structure or, if the bottom beam is not used, it may be necessary under the wall structure that the moisture in the rooms does not condense in the space between the bottom beam / wall / insulation and the foundation.

The functional plate structure of the wall structure can be supported on the foundation by means of steel beams 10 "like a ladder, or the element is supported, for example, by means of a bottom beam: m as such on the foundation.

The presented system is only one of the applications of the solution according to the invention for storing solar heat and circulating circulating air and fresh air. Depending on the intended use and the quality of the construction site as well as the location of the plate structure according to the invention, the system may be designed differently.

The plate structure according to the invention can be manufactured in several different ways. One way is to attach the fibreboard, sheet metal sheet, etc. to the sheet metal provided with a gripping table by mechanical fasteners, and to tape the edges of the sheet so that the plastic insulation does not penetrate the air ducts.

Another method of manufacture is that sheet metal or cardboard strip coils or the like are placed in connection with the device formed by the gripping projection of the corrugated sheet profiling line, from which a narrow strip is fed over the channels. This tape is taped to the sheet metal at the same production stage, thus avoiding the additional work step of attaching the duct cover plate. At the same time, this method of continuously feeding the tape enables the uninterrupted production of the sheet structure, and the plastic insulation line can then be continuous. In this way, all the accessories needed to make the product

Claims (8)

10 61067 work steps are eliminated and the product becomes more and more competitive. The plate structure can also be manufactured, for example, by placing a sheet metal, cardboard or similar pipe inside the ducts, which remains inside the insulation. The following are claims which, within the scope of the inventive idea, the various details of the invention may vary. A slab structure intended for the lower, intermediate, upper floor or wall structures of a building, through the structures of which an air flow passes for heating / cooling purposes, characterized in that it comprises substantially all of said slab structure to form floor structures and / or wall structures. as a sandwich structure combination at least the following layers: a) an insulating layer (3) which is a self-adhesive foamable insulating material, b) a corrugated plate (1) with an adhesive projection (1 '), c) a spacer plate (2) arranged between said layers (1 and 3), or a corresponding, which together with the corrugations of said corrugated plate (1) delimits an air duct system (5) in the structure, and which plate (2) prevents the corrugated plate (1) from filling the corrugations of said corrugated plate (1) from said insulating layer (3); ), eg a concrete layer which has been cast or said corrugated sheet (1) is cast on site using a formwork sheet on the opposite side of the corrugated sheet (1) to said insulating layer, so that said casting component (11) together with the corrugated sheet (1) forms a load-bearing connecting structure due to its gripping projection (1 '). Slab structure according to claim 1, characterized in that said air duct system is formed in such a way that special pipes are placed in the grooves of the corrugated plate (1) and anchored to the slab structure by means of a plastic insulating material. Slab structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tubular ducts u 61067 forming all or part of said air duct system (5), which are placed on the side of said insulating layer (3) relative to the corrugated plate (1), are used as said spacer plate (2). Slab structure according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that in light, non-load-bearing wall structures, a special slab is used instead of a flat concrete surface or the like, which forms an air duct in the walls and which duct is used e.g. as exhaust air ducts. Plate structure according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that in addition to said air duct system (5), there is also an air duct system on the adhesive projection (1 ') side of the corrugated plate (1). Slab structure according to claim 1,2,3,4 or 5, characterized in that said air duct system (5) is formed in such a way that strip-like strips prevent the material from which the insulating layer (3) is formed from penetrating into the grooves of the corrugated plate (1) . Slab structure according to Claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the edges of the slab structure have a tongue or the like in their insulating layer (3), by means of which a sufficient seal is obtained between the adjacent plate structure elements. Slab structure according to Claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that its insulating layer (3) is formed from polyurethane or polyisocyanurate. i2 61,067