FI60901B - WEAK STRUCTURE FOER SMAOHUS - Google Patents

Description

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Patent- och registerstyrelsen An tekin uttagd oeh uti.ikriftan publtctnd 31.12.81 (32) (33) (31) Pyydetty Muoik «« - B «(ird prforicet (71) Paloheimo Oy, 11100 Riihimäki 10, Suomi-Finland (Fl) (72) Martti Leväsvirta, Riihimäki, Seppo Hirvikallio, Riihimäki,

This invention relates to the wall structure of a detached house and is intended to provide an easy-to-assemble wall structure for two men, which is, however, considerably more economical than current wall structures.

The most common of the structural solutions for prefabricated wooden houses is the so-called small element, which is based on a wooden frame and a double-sided cover made of wood or board, as well as an insulating material between the cover. The basic purpose of using a small element is to provide an element that can be moved and lifted into place by two men without mechanical aid. Therefore, the maximum width of the element has been 120 cm, even if the architectural width of the windows requires a wider solution. As thermal energy accounts for an even larger share of housing costs, the depth of the element has had to be increased from 100 m / ra to 150 m / m and further to 175 m / ms. It would be desirable to further strengthen the insulation layer, as the cost factor it causes is very small in terms of total costs. As the strength of the insulation layer increases, the support structure of the element must also be strengthened and at the same time the weight of the element must be increased. This has led to a situation where the requirement for a two-man movable element has been called into question.

2 60901

The weakness of a small prefabricated house is also the seams between the elements and the cold bridges caused by the frame. The seam between the elements forms a gap through the entire wall, which is to be tapped and covered with a seam strip during erection. Depending on the care of the installation and sealing, as well as the immobility of the foundation, the joint of the elements is a smaller or larger cause of heat loss and thus forms a weak point in the small element structure. Thermal economy weakness also includes the body pieces causing the cold bridge through the element, which are the side pieces of the element as well as the transverse connecting trees.

The main features of the exterior wall structure of the detached house which is the subject of the present invention appear from the appended claim 1.

In the outer wall structure which is the subject of the invention, both drawbacks have been eliminated by splitting the element into two halves, outer and inner, which may be similar in structure. In this case, the elements consist of a frame, a wooden or board cover on one side and a thermal insulator between the frame, such as glass wool. The soft insulation is held in place in the element halves, e.g. by a duct mesh or a thin plastic film, so that the stability and adequacy of the thermal insulation can still be established during the erection phase. The elements are connected in a manner known in the erection phase, either from above and below or at the frame and side trees. Various locking fittings can also be used. In order to prevent cold bridges, the placement of the tie beams can be made asymmetrical, so that by turning the inner element upside down with respect to the outer one, for example, the tie rods do not collide and thus do not cause a cold bridge.

Instead, cold bridges caused by the long sides of the element as well as heat leaks caused by the seams of the elements can be eliminated by placing external and internal elements of different widths alternately in parallel. In this case, the seams occur at different points and the seam extending through the wall is eliminated. Only in the case of windows and doors is the seam of the outer and inner elements at the same point. At these points, as well as at the intersection of the vertical frame and the tie beams, the cold bridge can be broken with a suitable insulation time attached to the frame.

The advantage of a split element is particularly evident in the corner of the house. When using a standard structure, a separate corner piece must be made for the corner joint, with normal elements on both sides. The corner piece is complicated and expensive in construction and has a poor insulation capacity of 3,60901. When using the structure according to the invention, no special corner piece is required, but the arrangement of elements of different widths makes it possible to form a corner of the building by connecting the elements interlocking, e.g. by nailing.

The walls between the apartments in the terraced houses also form a sound insulation problem with the current uniform elements, with the end elements forming a butt joint with the wall elements, which is difficult to properly insulate. The split structure of the elements according to the invention makes it possible to fit the end elements inside the wall elements and thus extend the seam twice as long. The insulation capacity improves accordingly.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic solution shown by way of example in the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, Figure 1 shows a vertical section and Figure 2 a horizontal section of an external wall structure of a detached house according to the invention. Figure 3 shows a horizontal section of a corner joint of a detached house according to the invention.

Figure 4 shows a horizontal section of the arrangement of the elements in the wall between the apartments of a terraced house.

In the drawings, reference numeral 1 denotes an outer wall and reference numeral 2 denotes the inner elements of the wall, which together form an outer wall structure.

Each element has a lining layer 3, tie ties 5 forming a support structure, thermal insulation 4 and a chicken net 6 holding the insulation in place thereon. The support structure is made so that the tie rods 5 in the outer and inner elements are at different points and thus do not face each other when the elements is installed in place. The other parts of the house are any structure known per se.

Contrary to the schematic solution presented above, it is clear that the elements may have different thicknesses. Thus, for example, the inner element may be so thin that it does not function as an actual load-bearing structure. In this case, the outer walls of the house and the ceilings and floors built on them can be built completely ready, the necessary electrical and other wires can be installed on the inner surface of the outer elements, and only then the inner elements of the outer walls can be installed.

4 60901 In this case, electrical work in a free wall space is quick and unobstructed and the wall surfaces of the internal elements are not damaged by rain during erection or by knocks caused by construction. Correspondingly, the inner element can be made load-bearing and an element lighter or of a different structure and material, such as an element formed of brick, light gravel, aerated concrete, plastic or the like, can be used as the outer element.

The elements can be provided with coatings with different outer surfaces, which can be element-specific or surface materials to be fixed or masonry after erection. Similarly, the inner surface can be made to different valmistusaeteisiin. The light interior break provides quite good opportunities for that. It is essential in the solution according to the invention that the wall consists of two possibly different widths of element halves, which are installed in such a way that the seams extending through the wall and the thermal bridges are eliminated everywhere except at the door and window frames.

Instead of a wooden frame, it is also possible to use metal-frame elements. In the case of a metal frame, it is even more necessary to break the thermal bridges as shown by the invention.

Claims (1)

5 60901 Patent tivaatimus Kaksikerroksinen pientalon signalärakenne, young sisä- (2) ja ulkokerros (1) koostuvat peräkkäin asetetuista elementeistä, jotka ovat kahden miehen kanettavia pienelementtejä, joiden vastakkain tulevat pinnat koostuvatvat rakenne (6), tu nn etu siitä, etä sisä- (2) ja ulkoelementtien (1) saumat osuvat kohdakkain vain mahdollisesti senarakenteessa olevien aukkojen pielissä ja one elementtien runkorakenteen muodostavat puuosat (5) ovat sää alareunassa, missä ne ovat katto-vast. perustusrakenteita fasting. Two-layer wall construction for a smelter housing, in which the inner (2) and the outer layer (1) consist of superposed elements, which are of two men's portable sealing elements, whose opposing surfaces essentially consist of a thermal insulation (4). , which is possibly supported by a mesh structure (6) or the like, characterized in that the joints between the inner elements (2) and the outer elements (1) are opposite to each other only at the openings, which may appear in the wall structure and that the wooden parts (5) ), which form the frame structure of the elements, are opposite to each other in the inner element and in the outer element only at the upper and lower edges of the wall structure, where they are stiffened against the roof structure and respectively. against the basic structure.