FI57397B - FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV GOEDSLINGSMEDEL OCH DYLIKA AV GAMMAL HOEGMOSSETORV - Google Patents

Description

ri ADVERTISING cn-iQm 3®Γα IBJ <ii) utlAggningsskrift 5/397 * 2® ° W Patents (51) Kv.ik? '/ ini, a.3 C 05 F 9/02 ENGLISH I - EN N LAN D (21) Pit * nttlhtk «mu« —PtMowneekfilnf 752325 (22) Hakwnltpllv · —AMeknlnpdag 15 * 08.75 (23) AHaipllv · —GIMfhctadtf 15 * 08.75 (41) Tullut iulklMlul - Bllvlt effantlig 21.03.76

National Board of Patents and Registration / 44) Nlhtivlkslptnon j * kuL | ulkal * un pvm__. 0

Patent · OCh registerstyrelien AiMökan utlafd oeh utl. »Krlft * n publlcared 30.04.80 (32) (33) (31) Pyydttty« Tuoikeu * —Bejird prlorltat 20.09 * 7 * +

Federal Republic of Germany-Förbundsrepubliken Tyskland (DE) P 2kkk979 ^ (71) Torfstreuverband Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung, Bloherfelder Str. 39, 29 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany-Forbundsrepubliken Tysk-land (DE) (72) Edwin Westinger, Edwin Springer, Edwin -Förbunds-republiken Tyskland (DE) (7 * +) Berggren Oy Ab (5 * +) Method for the production of fertilizers and the like from old peat peat - Förfarande för framställning av gödslingsmedel och dylika av gammal högmossetorv

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of fertilizers and soil improvers and garden soil from dried, chopped and peat-mixed black peat (Schwarztorf).

Black peat, i.e. the highly decayed old raised peat, contains in concentrated form a number of organic substances, which are very useful in soil improvement and as plant growth promoters. The many beneficial effects of this type of peat in horticulture due to the said biologically active substances contained in peat are known, in particular.

Notwithstanding the above, black peat is used only in small quantities for soil improvement and as a growing medium, as its physical properties have to be considered substantially less favorable compared to the much-used white peat, i.e. the younger peat bog. In particular, the physical disadvantage of black peat is that its colloidal humic agent shrinks strongly during drying, which is likely to create secondary bonds between the peat particles that strongly resist rewetting. Water absorption after drying is not only very slow, but is also substantially less than water absorption into undried material. Also, the original volume of the dried and subsequently rewetted black peat is not fully achieved. Thus, it is clear that after peat recovery, black peat cannot be dried as efficiently as possible in the case of white peat.

2 57397

A method is known in which black peat is first frozen in a semi-dried state and then comminuted in mills (frozen black peat). This forms a fluffy product which can quickly absorb relatively large amounts of water again. However, the use of this product is severely limited by the following disadvantages: Vibration weights and consequently transport loads are relatively high due to the required high water content (about 65%) and vary between 550-500 kg / m 2 depending on the weather conditions.

There are not enough cold and long periods of frost every winter, so the quality of this product will vary or long-term storage will have to be used.

If the product dries when used, for example, on the ground or as a growing medium, then the subsequent absorption of water takes place relatively slowly despite special treatment.

Methods are also known for preparing fertilizers and soil improvers from semi-dried or dried black peat using plant nutrients and lime (DT-PS 7 ^ 8 716, DT-PS 857 060 and DT-OS 1 909 6 * 13).

These known methods for producing black peat are modified according to the invention by a combination of special measures, namely by drying vigorously and grinding further than hitherto is customary so that the particle size is substantially 1 mm smaller, and by adding lime and water in a precisely defined ratio. In this way, the object of the invention has been achieved with surprisingly good results, namely 1) a light and precisely adjustable transport weight with respect to the dry matter, 2) substantial independence from weather conditions and 3) rapid rewetting even after complete drying.

The invention is characterized in that the black peat, dried to a water content of 10-3U by weight to 10-3U, is ground to a particle size substantially 1 mm smaller and then mixed with slaked lime at 5-20 kg of black peat and 50-250 kg of water into black peat. towards.

The invention provides the following advantages and in connection therewith the following substantially improved possibilities of use: a.) Delivery of humic substances to remote areas at low transport costs, since the peat has a low weight and volume in terms of dry matter. Thus, for example, the following quantities of peat must be transported per tonne of dry matter:

2.8 tons of frozen black peat, volume approx. 7 m ^ -z

2.5 tons of white peat in bales, volume 8.5 m

1.4 tons of black peat according to the invention, volume 3> 8 m · ^ b.) Provision of warm areas with humic substances, because the difficult-to-decompose humic substance remains water-absorbent even after drying periods.

c. ) Also useful as garden soil and ground cover, as rapid water absorption also occurs after complete drying. The following chapters describe this feature:

Water absorption capacity of air-dried material in units ml / 1 after 15 minutes 1 hour Untreated black peat 30 130

Frozen black peat 240,695

Black peat according to the invention 710 930 d. ) Substantial independence from weather conditions, in particular frost periods, and thus the achievement of uniform quality.

In the process according to the invention, the starting material is dried black peat instead of frozen black peat. Dry black peat is obtained almost exclusively in the form of burning peat. This method makes it possible to dry the black peat in a relatively short time and to store the dried material outdoors.

n 57397

The dried black peat is reduced to a relatively fine size in a suitable mill. This is the case for both grass peat and black peat obtained in the form of milled peat. The finer the peat is reduced the greater the amount of water that can be absorbed into the dry matter.

A certain amount of active lime, preferably slaked lime (CatOH ^), is added to the chopped material in the mixer. The faster the subsequent water absorption, the higher the amount of lime added. The use limits the amount of lime, as the pH rises with the lime content. Depending on the intended use, a certain amount of water is added to the mixture. The same is true for nutrients, growth substances, etc., which can be added according to the intended use. The mixing time depends on the type of mixer. When using a Lödige mixer, the mixing time is 0.5-1 minutes. The more efficiently the material is moved in the mixer, the shorter the mixing time will suffice.

In principle, the following possibilities exist (without fertilizer alternatives): 1.) Lime is mixed with the dried and ground black peat, the mixture is transported in sacks or loose and only at or near the place of use is water added to the mixture in a mixer. The mixture has a low weight and volume with respect to the amount of dry peat and is preferred for transport.

Example A: 350 kg of dried (25% H2O) and ground dry peat = 1 m3 + 15 kg of slaked lime 365 kg of a mixture = about 1 m 2 with a dry matter content of 262.5 kg, i.e. 1 mixture weighs 365 kg and contains 262.5 kg of peat dry matter.

2.) Lime and a small amount of water (eg 50 kg / m 2) are mixed with the dried and ground black peat. This gives a substantially dust-free product. As such, this product can be mixed with soil or soil without the harmful effects of dust. Water absorption and swelling occurs within a few days or hours if sufficient water is present.

5 57397

Example B: 350 kg of dried (25% H 2 O) and ground black peat = 1 m · ^ +15 kg of slaked lime +50 kg of water 415 kg of a mixture = about 1.2 m3 with a dry matter content of 262.5 kg of peat, i.e. 1 m3 of the mixture weighs 346 kg and contains 219 kg of peat dry matter.

3.) Lime and a large amount of water (eg 200 kg / m3) are mixed with the dried and ground black peat. This gives a soil-like dark product which, when strongly absorbing water, is suitable for immediate use as garden soil.

Example C: 350 kg of dried (25% H 2 O) and ground black peat = 1 m ^ +15 kg of slaked lime +200 kg of water 565 kg of a mixture = about 1.5 m · ^ with a dry matter content of 262.5 kg of peat , i.e. 1 m3 of the mixture weighs 377 kg and contains 175 kg of peat dry matter.

4.) The maximum volume is reached in accordance with Examples A to C by adding about 250 kg of water according to Example D. 1 m3 of the mixture then weighs about 290 kg and contains about 125 kg of peat dry matter. As more water is added, the volume decreases. The maximum amount of water absorbed in the case of Example D is about 800 kg.

Example D: 350 kg of dried and ground black peat = 1 nr * +15 kg of slaked lime + 250 kg of water 615 kg of a mixture = about 2.1 m3 with a dry matter content of 262.5 kg of peat, i.e. a lm5 mixture weighing 290 kg and contains 125 kg of peat dry matter.

In comparison with Examples A to D, it should be mentioned that 1 m 2 of frozen black peat weighs 350-500 kg and contains 140-180 kg of peat dry matter. 1 m 5 of white peat in bales weighs about 300 kg and contains about 120 kg of peat dry matter.