DE748716C - Process for the production of a fertilizer from older moss peat (black peat) - Google Patents

Description

Process for the production of a fertilizer from older moss peat (Black peat) It is well known that two different layers of peat rest in the raised bog deposits on top of each other, which differ significantly in terms of their structure and color. The lower, often thicker layer consists of older, so-called moss peat Black peat; it is strongly decomposed, dark in color, and of a colloidal nature. The plant structure is only recognizable as far as cottongrass bulbs are broken in are, otherwise it has disappeared.

The 'overlying younger moss peat, so-called white peat, is less thick; it is light brown in color and clearly shows the structure of the sphagnum moss, which is mainly used as a peat-maker in raised bogs, almost as if it were alive. Only this peat is used today to improve the soil, although the entire mass of a peat deposit cannot be used for mining, since a layer 50 cm thick has to be set back for the later culture of the peated land according to the moor protection law.

The mining of black peat is currently only used for burning peat production and industrial purposes. There is an economic interest in him new areas of application, especially in the field of soil improvement and Fertilization, to be developed, especially since the Weißtorflager for the reasons described for this purpose. in the long run, are not sufficient. Through the reinforced Mining the black peat is also the extraction of new land for the very profitable Fencing made easier and faster.

So far no attempts have been made to use black peat for soil improvement use, as it is in its properties with regard to the use for this Purpose is far behind white peat. Black peat represents a dark, colloidal A mass which, when naturally moist, contains a great deal of colloidal-bound water and at Drying shrinks to a dense, heavy, hard mass. White peat, on the other hand, contains mainly capillary and superficial water bound; it does not change its structure when it dries. Its outstanding effects Regarding -the soil improvement are based mainly on its physical Properties.

Black peat initially lacks these properties completely. He has however, has the advantage over white peat that it has a much higher content of so-called to have real humus substances (humic acids). Black peat can be used when it is damp Not to be used as its sticky nature allows it to mix with the Makes soil impossible. Neither would it when dry and ground be useful because the dense humus particles can no longer swell and are chemically inert are. It would therefore neither be a physical improvement of the soil nor a Enrichment of the soil in sorptive constituents can be achieved.

The idea of the present invention is based on the fact that the black peat with a medium moisture content it still has enough Ouellfäliigkeit, although he has already given up most of his water ballast. That the black peat has not yet been used for fertilization in this state, is probably because that it was not considered grindable. However, experiments have shown that black peat sod, which are half-dried in the air and still have a water content not higher than 65'1, are easy to grind. By the grinding process in this The water content of the colloidal lasse is torn open and turned into a flaky, porous one Brought shape with high volume and large surface. This will make the black peat similar in its structure to the white peat, without it of course in its physical Properties to be able to achieve. Its chemical effects, however, are those superior to white peat. They are based on the content of real humus substances and the high sorption power, which are particularly advantageous for sandy soils. By grinding In the semi-dry form, a light grist is achieved that: I can easily sprinkle and mixes well with the soil, advantages that neither by using Black peat with natural moisture from the use of dry-ground black peat could be achieved. . The present invention therefore aims at the black peat to make it useful for the purposes of fertilization and soil improvement that it is ground in a semi-dry form and so in a physically favorable structure is brought without losing the source. The latitude within which the Grinding before: I have to go, lies between 50 and 651 / ". Below 50111, loses the peat gradually becomes swellable, above 65 ° (, the 11ah1-ability ceases. because the 1Tahlgut becomes greasy.

The idea of the invention naturally also extends to fen black peat. Although this type of peat has been used occasionally for fertilization, it has always been used in natural moisture or one. this approaching form. It is not very economical Use low moor black peat with 8o '/ "water and above for fertilization, there large amounts of water have to be transported and the distributability of the fertilizer peat is entirely inadequate. It therefore means a step forward, even after this peat to bring your idea of the invention to a medium moisture content beforehand, then to grind it and thus make it usable for fertilization purposes. -The novelty of the invention is not based on the extraction of black peat with a medium moisture content in itself: because with each drying process the peat passes through the proposed one middle zone. 5o can, according to an older method, peat to 5: 1.,: I °, ", drained when squeezed while frozen. For all of these procedures is However, it is characteristic that the drying at this medium humidity level does not sta.enbebt, but in some form, e.g. B. by air or heating gases continued will. According to the method of the present invention, however, drying is carried out at a medium degree of moisture interrupted and the dry material immediately for fertilization purposes grind. It does not matter which process the black peat is made from the deposit is extracted. Hand stitching is still common in small businesses, while the industrial plants mainly use the so-called machine peat using excavators. Outside Germany, 'the milling process applied. and isolated in Germany and abroad Seliwarztorf after the Hydro process won. What the first three '' have in common is that they experience the Detach black peat from the deposit in a naturally moist state, while using the hydro process even water is added. Then the peat will be on your dry field Exposed to air drying, reaching the medium moisture content can.

The method of the present invention, the black peat in semi-dry Ztistand Preparing for fertilization by grinding is cheap. It saves the removal of the last amounts of water from the peat, which is known to be the case most difficult and of special. depends on favorable drying weather. So that will the expansion of production, which today is far from meeting the demand for white peat can correspond, allows. The invention therefore offers a way to help agriculture and horticulture out of the humus shortage and provide them with an inexpensive one To provide fertilizers or soil improvers; on the other hand the extraction of black peat from the peat deposits is accelerated and thereby formerly new territory for reclamation. The application of the after the procedure half-dried black peat obtained from the invention in agriculture and in horticulture happens in general for humus fertilizers or soil improvers usual way. In order to improve the fertilizing effect, the Invention obtained humus mass still in any way with known N, P@O.5, K = O and the like containing plant nutrients, with lime, clay, slag, ashes, Hormones, hormone-like substances, trace elements or other plant growth promotional agents are mixed.

Embodiments i. Black peat, the one in the peat deposit Has a water content of more than 90%, is, as usual, extracted by hand stitching and set up to air dry. After a relatively short time it shrinks the surface of the sod together so that it becomes water-repellent during the Core remains moist. When a water content of 65111 is reached, the sods become ground in simple powerful mills.

2. The black peat is dredged from the deposits in a known manner and in pulpy form as so-called machine peat in strands on the field to dry filed. After superficial drying and reaching a water content of 65 ° (o the sods can be ground.

3. Black peat is dredged from the deposit and then in known way pressure drained in special machines, with the water content on about 6o to 70 ° t. The material to be pressed is either immediate then ground and sieved or only after the molding compound has dried for a short time in the air or by heating gases, if necessary.

4. Black peat is detached from the grown surface using the milled peat method and removed from the dry field in a semi-dry state after a moisture content of 650f has been reached, and then ground. -5. Black peat is sprayed and pumped out of the reservoir using the hydro process and then flushed onto the dry field. There it loses its water content partly through seepage and partly through air drying. After a mean moisture content of 50 to 6504 has been reached , it is taken up by the dry field and is ground.

Claims (2)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Process for the production of a fertilizer and soil improver from older moss peat (black peat), which has been cut, dredged or milled from the deposits in a naturally moist state, characterized in that the black peat is then only half dried by air drying or pressing, ie to a moisture content between 50 and 650/0 are brought and ground in this state. 2. The method according to claim i, characterized in that the humus mass obtained is mixed with known plant nutrients, lime, clay, slag, ash, hormones, trace elements or other agents promoting plant growth. To distinguish the subject matter of the application from the state of the art, the following publications were considered in the granting procedure: German patent specification ...... No. 570 : 129, Dr. F. Scheffer, "Agricultural chemistry, part c: Humus and humus fertilization", Verlag F. Enke, Stuttgart (19a.1), p. I52, para. 2.