FI128798B

FI128798B - Gas-carrying system and internal combustion engine equipped therewith

Info

Publication number: FI128798B
Application number: FI20135771A
Authority: FI
Inventors: Nikolaus König; Maximilian Scheel
Original assignee: Man Diesel & Turbo Se
Priority date: 2012-07-18
Filing date: 2013-07-16
Publication date: 2020-12-15
Also published as: JP2014018668A; DE102012014143A1; FI20135771L; JP6165530B2; CN103573341B; KR101997931B1; KR20140011280A; CN103573341A

Abstract

A gas-carrying system and an internal combustion engine equipped therewith, wherein the system (1) comprises: a filter (10), a gas line (20), which is connected to the filter, so that the system gas (G) can be fed to the filter, and an extinguishing device (40) with a control device (50) as well as a detection device (60) and an extinguishing powder dispensing device (70), which are connected to the control device, wherein a spark sensor (61) of the detection device (60) is arranged in a flow path of the system gas and the detection device is equipped upon the detecting of sparks (F) in the flow path through the spark sensor, to output a spark detection signal to the control device which is equipped as reaction to the spark detection signal to output an extinguishing powder dispensing signal to the extinguishing powder dispensing device, which is connected to the flow path adjacent to the spark sensor and equipped as reaction to the extinguishing powder dispensing signal, to dispense extinguishing powder P into the flow path.

Description

GAS-CARRYING SYSTEM AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

EOUIPPED THEREWITH The invention relates to a gas-carrying system with a filter for cleaning a system gas and an extinguish- ing device as well as an internal combustion engine equipped with such a gas-carrying system. The extinguishing device of such a gas-carrying system serves for avoiding or extinguishing fires in the system and in particular in the filter. Usually, the ex- tinguishing device works with water or inert gas as extin- guishing agent, wherein both extinguishing agents bring with them some disadvantages.

For avoiding and extinguishing fires, extinguish- ing powder is generally known as extinguishing agent in addition to water and inert gas, such as is evident for example from DE 102006019739 Al. A further known gas- carrying systems is disclosed in document DE 102010005552 Al. Extinguishing with water can bring about a sub- stantial load and if applicable even a damaging or de- struction of the components of a gas-carrying system men- o tioned at the outset which come into contact with the wa- N ter through heat shock and if applicable corrosive at- N tacks. At high temperatures of the system gas, large gquan- N tities of waters can be required for extinguishing, which O 30 can bring about an increased weight load of the components E of the gas-carrying system, and a major steam ejection can — occur through evaporating extinguishing water. As a rule, S the relevant water supply must be ensured through active = component (such as for example pumps) and after completed N 35 extinguishing operation, an active disconnection of the water supply is reguired if applicable. A preventive use of the extinguishing device is not possible because of the risk of damaging/destruction of the system components (such as for example of filter pockets of the filter).

When extinguishing with inert gas, a gas-carrying system such as mentioned at the outset, such as for exam- ple an exhaust tract has to be shut off in a gas-tight manner, which requires cost-increasing shut-off valves. In addition, a high additional design effort can be required when the operation of the system for extinguishing cannot be stopped. When extinguishing with inert gas, relatively large quantities of inert gas are additionally required. In conclusion, extinguishing with inert gas is involved and expensive and generates a major maintenance effort.

The invention is based on the object of providing a gas-carrying system as mentioned at the outset, in which a fire avoidance and fire extinguishing is possible with- out the risk of damaging/destruction of the system compo- nents and during the normal operation of the system. The invention is additionally based on the object of providing an internal combustion engine equipped with such a gas- carrying system.

The abovementioned objects of the invention are o solved with a gas-carrying system according to Claim 1 and N with an internal combustion engine according to Claim 8. N Further developments of the gas-carrying system according N to the invention are defined in the dependent claims. O 30 E According to a first aspect of the invention, a — gas-carrying system is provided, comprising: a filter for S cleaning a system gas flowing through the gas-carrying = system, a gas line, which is fluidically connected to the N 35 filter, so that the system gas can be fed to the filter via the gas line, and an extinguishing device with a con-

trol device as well as a detection device and an extin- guishing powder dispensing device, which are connected to the control device, wherein a spark sensor of the detec- tion device is arranged in a flow path of the system gas and the detection device is equipped upon the detecting of sparks in the flow path through the spark sensor to output a spark detection signal to the control device, wherein the control device is equipped as reaction to the spark detection signal to output an extinguishing powder dis- pensing signal so the extinguishing powder dispensing de- vice, and wherein the extinguishing powder dispensing de- vice adjacent to the spark sensor is connected to the flow path and equipped as reaction to the extinguishing powder dispensing signal to dispense extinguishing powder into the flow path. The detection device is equipped to inte- grated information regarding a spark extent in the spark detection signal, wherein the control device is equipped to generate the extinguishing powder dispensing signal as a function of the spark extent. The control device is equipped to generate the extinguishing powder dispensing signal as a signal pulsed in an extinguishing period of time as a function of the spark extent, so that a pulsat- ing extinguishing powder dispensation which varies in an impulse frequency and/or impulse length as a function of the pulsed signal takes place. N By using extinguishing powder as extinguishing

N & agents, heat shocks and corrosion attacks can be avoided i and a fire avoidance and fire extinguishing without the O 30 risk of damaging/destruction of the system components can E thus be carried out. The extinguishing powder that can be — dispensed into the flow path accompanies detected flying S sparks in the normal flow of the system gas and, depending = on application/filtration objects, can remain in the fil- N 35 ter cake of the filter if applicable. Additional shutting- off devices are not required for the extinguishing. Thus,

the extinguishing can be carried out in normal operation of the system and without operational restrictions. According to an embodiment of the gas-carrying system according to the invention, the spark sensor of the detection device is arranged in the gas line and the de- tection device is equipped to output the spark detection signal upon the detecting of sparks in the gas line by the spark sensor, wherein the extinguishing powder dispensing device is connected to the gas line downstream of the spark sensor and eguipped as reaction to the extinguishing powder dispensing signal, to dispense extinguishing powder into the gas line.

With this configuration of the invention, preven- tive extinguishing can already be carried out with minor flying sparks during the normal operation without opera- tional restriction, wherein the extinguishing powder fol- lows the entire system gas flow and reaches the entire filter area. Advantageously, the extinguishing system can thus be positioned at the very start of the flying sparks section, wherein a substantial time advantages compared with conventional extinguishing methods is obtained.

During the preventive extinguishing, the injection o point of the extinguishing powder is thus located at the O first detection point for flying sparks, so that the ex- eu tinguishing agent “accompanies” the ignition source even N before the actual ignition on the filter. O 30 E According to a further embodiment of the gas- — carrying system according to the invention, the extin- S guishing device comprises at least one further extinguish- = ing powder dispensing device connected to the control de- N 35 vice, wherein at least one further spark sensor of the de- tection device is arranged in the filter and the detection device 1s equipped upon detecting of sparks in the filter through the further spark sensor, to output a spark detec- tion signal to the control device, wherein the control de- vice is equipped as reaction to the spark detection signal 5 based on the detection through the further spark sensor to output an extinguishing powder dispensing signal to the further extinguishing powder dispensing device, and where- in the further extinguishing powder dispensing device is connected to the filter in the neighbourhood of the fur- ther spark sensor and equipped as reaction to the extin- guishing powder dispensing signal fed to it, to dispense extinguishing powder into the filter.

With this configuration of the invention, a so- called object extinguishing, triggered by means of an ad- ditional extinguishing system directly on the object (fil- ter) can be realised through one or a plurality of local sensor (s).

According to yet another embodiment of the gas- carrying system according to the invention, the further spark sensor of the detection device is arranged in the filter in a position in which a concentration of particles separated out of the system gas is to be expected.

o With this configuration of the invention, an emer- O gency or reserve extinguishing can be realised analogously eu to the object extinguishing, however if applicable opti- N mised with respect to specific design characteristics O 30 (such as for example formation of dust nests).

i — Preferably, the spark extent comprises a spark S density and/or a flying sparks duration. By doing so, an = extinguishing intensity can be regulated as a direct func- N 35 tion of the detection degree/duration or the spark extent.

Alternatively or additionally, the control device is equipped to generate the extinguishing powder dispens- ing signal as a signal which is continuous in an extin- guishing period of time with a signal intensity dependent on the spark extent, so that continuous extinguishing pow- der dispensation which varies in an dispensation quantity per unit time as a function of the signal intensity.

As a result, the extinguishing powder addition can take place in a regulated shock-like manner or as continu- ous addition as a function of the detection degree or the spark extent.

An intermittent extinguishing powder addi- tion preferably takes place during the preventive extin- guishing, whereas a continuous addition preferably takes place during the object extinguishing and upon the emer- gency or reserve extinguishing in the form of a specific continuous extinguishing (complete kill). According to a further embodiment of the gas- carrying system according to the invention, the gas line is designed as an exhaust line for a combustion process and the filter is designed as an exhaust cleaning filter, in particular as a particle filter.

According to a second aspect of the invention, an o internal combustion engine is provided with a gas-carrying O system according to one, a plurality of or all previously eu described embodiments of the invention in any conceivable N combination, wherein the gas line of the gas-carrying sys- O 30 tem is connected to an exhaust outlet of the internal com- E bustion engine.

S The invention expressly extends also to such em- = bodiments which are not provided through feature combina- N 35 tions from explicit references of the claims, wherein the disclosed features of the invention - insofar as such is technically practical - can be combined with one another in any way. In the following, the invention is described in more detail by means of a preferred embodiment and making reference to the attached Figures. Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a gas-carrying system of an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the invention in a first operating function. Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of the gas-carrying system from Fig. 1 in a second operating function. In the following, making reference to the Figures l and 2, an internal combustion engine equipped with a gas-carryving system 1 (not completely shown) will be de- scribed according to an embodiment of the invention. As is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the gas-carrying system 1 comprises a filter 10 for cleaning a system gas G, a first gas line 20, a second gas line 30 and an extin- guishing device 40. The first and the second gas line 20, 30 are each o designed as an exhaust line for a combustion process, N wherein the filter 10 is designed as an exhaust gas clean- N ing filter, in particular as a particle filter, and where- N in the first gas line 20 is connected to an exhaust outlet O 30 (not shown) of the internal combustion engine. According- E ly, the system gas is formed as exhaust of the internal = combustion engine.

LO = According to the invention, the internal combus- N 35 tion engine can be designed as a reciprocating piston en-

gine, in particular as a diesel engine or as a gas engine or as a turbo machine, in particular as a gas turbine.

The first gas line 20 is fluidically connected to the filter 10, so that the system gas G can be fed to the filter 10 via the first gas line 20. The second gas line 30 is likewise fluidically connected to the filter 10, so that system gas G filtered via the filter 10 can be discharged from the filter 10 via the second gas line 30. The extinguishing device 40 comprises a control device 50 and a protection device 60, which is signal- connected to the control device and two extinguishing pow- der dispensing devices 70, 80, which are likewise signal- connected to the control device.

The detection device 60 comprises two for example optoelectronic spark sensors 61, 62, which are each ar- ranged in a flow path of the system gas G through the gas- carrying system 1. Each of the extinguishing powder dis- pensing devices 70 and 80 is arranged adjacent to one of the spark sensors 61 and 71 respectively and connected to the flow path. o The detection device 60 is equipped so that when O sparks F (see Fig. 1) are detected by one of the spark & sensors 61, 62 in the flow path, it outputs a spark detec- N tion signal to the control device 50. O 30 E The control device 50, in turn is equipped so that — as reaction to the spark detection signal it outputs an S extinguishing powder dispensing signal to the extinguish- = ing powder dispensing device 70, 80 belonging to the re- N 35 spective spark sensor 61, 62 triggering the spark detec- tion signal.

The extinguishing powder dispensing devices 70, 80 are each equipped so that as reaction to the extinguishing powder dispensing signal they dispense extinguishing pow- der P into the flow path.

The powder cloud in the flow path generated by means of the extinguishing powder P has a smothering ef- fect and an inhibition effect, from which a sudden extin- guishing action results. Through the formation of melt layers, the feed of oxygen and the heating-up of the imme- diate fire surroundings can be prevented and instances of reignition stopped. Extinguishing powder can consist for example of non-toxic, anorganic salts, which are mixed with auxiliary agents for creating a hydrophobic and trickle effect.

As is evident from Fig. 1, the first spark sensor 61 of the detection device 60 is arranged in the first gas line 20. Accordingly, the detection device 60 is equipped to output the spark detection signal upon detecting of sparks F in the first gas line 20 by the first spark sen- sor 61 to the control device 50. The first extinguishing powder dispensing device 70, accordingly, is connected to the first gas line 20 downstream adjacently to the first o spark sensor 61 and equipped to dispense extinguishing N powder P into the first gas line 20 as a reaction to the N extinguishing powder dispensing signal. O 30 As is evident from Fig. 2, the second spark sensor E 62 of the detection device 60 is arranged in the filter — 10. Accordingly, the detection device 60 is equipped upon S detecting of sparks F in the filter 10 by the second spark = sensor 62 to output a spark detection signal to the con- N 35 trol device 50. The second extinguishing powder dispensing device 80, accordingly, is connected to the filter 10 in the neighbourhood of the second spark sensor 62 and equipped as reaction to the extinguishing powder dispens- ing signal fed to it, dispense extinguishing powder P into the filter 10.

The second spark sensor 62 of the detection device is arranged in the filter 10 preferably in a position in which a concentration of particles such as dust nests for example separated out of the system gas G is to be ex- 10 pected. According to the invention, a plurality of second spark sensors 62 can also be arranged in different posi- tions in the filter 10 and a plurality of second extin- guishing powder dispensing devices 80 can be connected to the filter 10, so that these upon receiving a correspond- ing extinguishing powder dispensing signal, can selective- ly output extinguishing powder P to the position in the filter 10 belonging to its respective associated second spark sensor 67. According to the invention, the detection device 60 is preferably equipped to integrate in the spark detec- tion signal information regarding a spark extent, wherein the control device 50 is equipped to generate the extin- guishing powder dispensing signal as a function of the spark extent. Preferably, the spark extent comprises a o spark density and/or a period of time of the presence of O flying sparks (a flying sparks duration).

A N Accordingly, the control device 50 is preferably O 30 equipped to generate the extinguishing powder dispensing E signal as a signal which is pulsed in an extinguishing pe- — riod of time as a function of the spark extent, so that a S pulsating output of extinguishing powder P which varies in = an impulse frequency and/or impulse length as a function N 35 of the pulsed signal takes place.

Alternatively or additionally, the control device 50 is equipped to generate the extinguishing powder dis- pensing signal as a signal which is continuous in an ex- tinguishing period of time with a signal strength which is dependent on the spark extent, so that a continuous output of extinguishing powder P which varies in an output guan- tity per unit time as a function of the signal strength. The extinguishing device 40 of the gas-carrying system 1 according to the invention which operates with extinguishing powder P, can, in contrast with usual extin- guishing devices operating with water or inert gas, can inject the extinguishing powder P in normal operation of the gas-carrying system 1 and thus in normal operation of the internal combustion engine according to the invention. Here, the extinguishing device 40 is subdivided into the two functional systems or operating functions shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

Preventive extinguishing can be preferably carried out with the operating function shown in Fig. 1 by means of the first extinguishing powder dispensing device 70 and the first spark sensor 61, wherein the injection point of the extinguishing powder P is located on the first detec- o tion point for flying sparks and the extinguishing powder O P (extinguishing agent) "accompanies” the ignition source & or the spark or sparks F even before an actual ignition on N the filter 10. Thus, the extinguishing powder P follows O 30 the entire system gas flow (here for example the exhaust E gas flow) and reaches the entire filter area. Preventive — extinguishing is possible during the normal operation S without operational restriction and can be preventively = applied even with little flying sparks. By initiating the N 35 extinguishing entirely at the start of the flying spark section, a substantial time advantage compared with usual extinguishing methods is obtained.

Object extinguishing can preferably be carried out with the operating function shown in Fig. 2 by means of the second extinguishing powder dispensing device 80 and the second spark sensor 62, wherein directly on the object (here, the filter 10) triggered by local sensors (here the or the second spark sensor(s)) 62 by means of the second extinguishing powder dispensing device 80, extinguishing powder P 1s injected and extinguishing brought about.

An emergency or reserve extinguishing can be optimised analo- gously to the object extinguishing, however if applicable optimised with respect to specific design characteristics, such as for example in locations with dust nest formation.

According to the above described possibility of generating the extinguishing powder dispensing signal as a signal which is pulsed or continuous in an extinguishing period of time, the extinguishing powder addition can take place intermittently or as a continuous addition regulated as a function of the detection degree or the spark extent.

An intermittent extinguishing powder addition preferably takes place during the preventive extinguishing, wherein a continuous addition preferably takes place during the ob- o ject extinguishing and during the emergency or reserve ex- N tinguishing in the form of a specific continuous extin- N guishing (complete kill). O 30 With each of the extinguishing variants shown E above, switching off the system 1 or the internal combus- — tion engine is not required as a rule and normal operation S can be maintained.

The extinguishing powder P can remain = in the filter cake in the filter 10 if applicable after N 35 completed extinguishing until the filter 10 during a nor-

mal service is subjected to a filter cleaning or a re- placement.

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LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS 1Gas-carrying system 10 Filter 20 Gas line 30 Gas line 40 Extinguishing device 50 Control device 60 Detection device 61 Spark sensor 62 Spark sensor 70 Extinguishing powder dispensing device 80 Extinguishing powder dispensing device F Spark Gsystem gas PExtinguishing powder oO

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Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. A gas-carrying system (1), comprising: a filter (10) for cleaning a system gas (G), a gas line (20), which is fluidically con- nected to the filter (10), so that the system gas (G) can be fed to the filter (10) via the gas line (20), and an extinguishing device (40) with a control device (50) and a detection device (60) and an extin- guishing powder dispensing device (70, 80), which are connected to the control device (50), wherein a spark sensor (61, 62) of the detec- tion device (60) is arranged in a flow path of the system gas (G) and the detection device (60) is eguipped upon detecting of sparks (F) in the flow path through the spark sensor (61, 62) to output a spark detection signal to the control device (50), wherein the control device (50) is equipped as reaction to the spark detection signal to output o an extinguishing powder dispensing signal to the ex- O tinguishing powder dispensing device (70, 80), and

N i wherein the extinguishing powder dispensing © 30 device (70, 80) is connected to the flow path adja- E cent to the spark sensor (61, 62) and equipped as re- — action to the extinguishing powder dispensing signal,

N 5 for dispensing extinguishing powder (P) into the flow 2 ath DO 19) , N 35 characterized in that the detection device (60) is equipped to in- tegrate in the spark detection signal information re- garding a spark extent, and wherein the control de- vice (50) is eguipped to generate the extinguishing powder dispensing signal as a function of the spark extent, and the control device (50) is equipped to gener- ate the extinguishing powder dispensing signal as a signal which is pulsed in an extinguishing period of time as a function of the spark extent, so that a pulsating extinguishing powder dispensation which varies in an impulse frequency and/or impulse length as a function of the pulse signal takes place.

2. The gas-carrying system (1) according to Claim 1, wherein the spark sensor (61) of the detection device (60) 1s arranged in the gas line (20) and the detec- tion device (60) is equipped to output the spark de- tection signal upon the detecting of sparks (F) in the gas line (20) through the spark sensor (61) to the control device (50), and wherein the extinguish- ing powder dispensing device (70) 1s connected to the gas line (20) downstream of the spark sensor (61) and equipped as reaction to the extinguishing powder dis- o pensing signal, to dispense extinguishing powder (P) O into the gas line (20).

A ' 3. The gas-carrying system (1) according to Claim 2, O 30 wherein the extinguishing device (40) comprises at E least one further extinguishing powder dispensing de- — vice (80) connected to the control device (50), S wherein at least one further spark sensor (62) of the = detection device (60) is arranged in the filter (10) N 35 and the detection device (60) is equipped upon the detecting of sparks (F) in the filter (10) through the further spark detector (62) to output a spark de- tection signal to the control device (50), wherein the control device (50) is equipped as reaction to the spark detection signal based on the detection through the further spark sensor (62), to output an further extinguishing powder dispensing signal to the further extinguishing powder dispensing device (80), and wherein the further extinguishing powder dispens- ing device (80) is connected to the filter (10) in the neighbourhood of the further spark sensor (62) and equipped as reaction to the extinguishing powder dispensing signal fed to it, to dispense extinguish- ing powder (P) into the filter (10).

4. The gas-carrying system (1) according to Claim 3, wherein the further spark sensor (62) of the detec- tion device (60) is arranged in the filter (10) in a position in which a concentration of separated parti- cles is to be expected.

5. The gas-carrying system (1) according to Claim 1, wherein the spark extent comprises a spark density and/or a flying sparks duration.

6. The gas-carrying system (1) according to any one of o the Claims 1 to 5, wherein the control device (50) is O eguipped to generate the extinguishing powder dis- eu pensing signal as a signal which is continuous in an N extinguishing period of time with a signal strength O 30 depending on the spark extent, so that a continuous E extinguishing powder dispensation takes place which — varies in an output auantity per unit time as a func- S tion of the signal strength. © o N 35 7. The gas-carrying system (1) according to any one of the Claims 1 to 6, wherein the gas line (20) is de-

signed as an exhaust line for a combustion process and the filter (10) is designed as an exhaust gas cleaning filter, in particular as a particle filter.

8. An internal combustion engine with a gas-carrying system (1) according to Claim 7, wherein the gas line (20) 1s connected to an exhaust outlet of the inter- nal combustion engine.

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