FI105564B - Superabsorbent polymer with improved absorption properties - Google Patents
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
Description
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SUPERABSORBOIVA POLYMEERI, JOLLA ON PARANTUNEET ABSORPTIO-OMINAISUUDETSUPER ABSORBING POLYMER WITH IMPROVED ABSORPTION PROPERTIES
Ala, jota keksintö koskee, on silloitetusta polyakryylihaposta valmistetut hydrogeelin muodostavat 5 polymeerikoostumukset.The field of the invention is hydrogel-forming polymer compositions made from crosslinked polyacrylic acid.
Veteen liukenemattomat hydrogeelin muodostavat polymeerit, jotka kykenevät imemään suuria määriä vettä ja vesipitoisia nesteitä, ovat hyvin tunnettuja koostumuksia. Nämä polymeerit, jotka tunnetaan supe-10 rabsorboivina polymeereinä, ovat lievästi silloittu-neita happofunktionaalisia polymeerejä, jotka turpoavat vesipitoisissa nesteissä mutta eivät liukene niihin. Superabsorboivien polymeerien on todettu olevan erityisen käyttökelpoisia vaipoissa, naisten hy-15 gieniatuotteissa ja kirurgisissa peitteissä. Kuvauksia superabsorboivista polymeereistä ja niiden käytöstä on löydettävissä US-patenteista nro 3 669 103 ja 3 670 731.Water-insoluble hydrogel-forming polymers capable of absorbing large amounts of water and aqueous liquids are well known compositions. Known as superabsorbent polymers, these polymers are slightly crosslinked acid-functional polymers that swell in aqueous liquids but do not dissolve therein. Superabsorbent polymers have been found to be particularly useful in diapers, women's hygiene products, and surgical blankets. Descriptions of superabsorbent polymers and their use can be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,669,103 and 3,670,731.
US-patentti nro 4 654 039 (uudelleen painettu 20 julkaisu 32 649) koskee hydrogeelin muodostavia poly-meerikoostumuksia, joiden esitetään olevan oleellisesti veteen liukenemattomia, lievästi silloittuneita, osittain neutraloituja polymeerejä, jotka on johdettu tyydyttymättömistä, polymeroituvista happoryhmän si-25 sältämistä monomeereistä ja silloitusaineista. Nämä '·' polymeerit on valmistettu polymeroimalla happomonomee- ri ja silloitusmonomeeri vedessä redoksi-initiaattorisysteemiä käyttäen, mitä seuraa happoryh-mien osittainen neutralointi natriumhydroksidilla ja 30 sitten polymeerin kuivaus ja jauhatus pulveriksi.U.S. Patent No. 4,654,039 (reprint 20, 32,649) relates to hydrogel-forming polymeric compositions disclosed as substantially water-insoluble, slightly crosslinked, partially neutralized polymers derived from unsaturated, polymerizable acidic moiety and . These '·' polymers are prepared by polymerizing an acid monomer and a crosslinking monomer in water using a redox initiator system, followed by partial neutralization of the acid groups with sodium hydroxide and then drying and grinding the polymer to a powder.
GB-patentti nro 2 119 384 esittää superabsor-.· boivia polymeerejä, jotka on valmistettu polymeroimal la vedessä akryylihappo yhdessä natriumakrylaatin ja silloitusmonomeerin kanssa persulfaatti-initiaattoria 35 käyttäen, mitä seuraa kuivaus ja sitten kuumennus sil- loitusaineen kanssa, jossa on vähintään kaksi karbok- 2 105564 syyliryhmien kanssa reaktiivista funktionaalista ryhmää .British Patent No. 2,119,384 discloses superabsorbent polymers prepared by water polymerization of acrylic acid with sodium acrylate and a crosslinking monomer using a persulfate initiator 35, followed by drying and then heating with a crosslinking agent having at least two carboxylic acids. 2,105,664 functional groups reactive with wart groups.
US-patentissa nro 4 497 930 superabsorboiva polymeeri on valmistettu polymeroimalla akryylihappo 5 käänteisemulsiomenetelmällä, mitä seuraa polymeerin silloitus diepoksidiyhdisteellä.In U.S. Patent No. 4,497,930, a superabsorbent polymer is prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid 5 by a reverse emulsion process followed by crosslinking the polymer with a diepoxide compound.
US-patentin nro 4 295 987 mukaisesti superabsorboiva polymeeri on valmistettu polymeroimalla akryylihappo ja monifunktionaalinen akrylaattimonomeeri 10 vedessä käyttäen persulfaatti-initiaattoria, mitä seu raa happoryhmien neutralointi lipeällä ja sitten kaksiarvoisen kationisuolan, esim. sinkkiasetaatin, sekoittaminen joukkoon lisäsilloittumista varten.According to U.S. Patent No. 4,295,987, the superabsorbent polymer is prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid and multifunctional acrylate monomer 10 in water using a persulfate initiator, followed by neutralization of the acid groups with lye and then addition of a divalent cation salt, e.g. zinc acetate, to zinc acetate.
Lukuisat muut patentit esittävät superabsor-15 boivia polymeerejä ja niiden käyttöä, esimerkiksi US- patentit 4 076 663, 4 552 938, 4 507 438, 4 535 098, 4 820 773 sekä EP-patenttihakemus 189 163.Numerous other patents disclose superabsorbent 15 buoyant polymers and their use, for example, U.S. Patents 4,076,663, 4,552,938, 4,550,438, 4,535,098, 4,820,773, and European Patent Application 189,163.
Vuosien kuluessa on superabsorboivien polymeerien suorituskykyyn ja ominaisuuksiin, esimerkiksi 20 geelilujuuteen ja absorptiokapasiteettiin, tehty monia parannuksia. Näiden superabsorboivien polymeerien ominaisuudet eivät kuitenkaan ole tasapainossa. Tyypillisesti korkean elastisuusmoduulin omaavilla polymeereillä on alentunut absorptiokapasiteetti, mistä 25 tuloksena on esimerkiksi vaipassa huonompi kuivuus. Suuren absorptiokapasiteetin omaavilla polymeereillä on alhainen absorbenssi paineessa ja alentunut elas-tisuusmoduuli, mikä myös huonontaa vaipan kuivuutta. EP-patenttijulkaisu 339 461 esittää absorboivia tuot-30 teitä, jotka on valmistettu sellaisia superabsorboivia polymeerejä käyttäen, joilla on kyky turvota paineen ; alaisina.Over the years, many improvements have been made to the performance and properties of superabsorbent polymers, for example, gel strength and absorption capacity. However, the properties of these superabsorbent polymers are not balanced. Typically, polymers with a high modulus of elasticity have a reduced absorption capacity, resulting, for example, in inferior drought in the diaper. Polymers with high absorption capacity have low pressure absorption and reduced modulus of elasticity, which also worsens diaper dryness. EP-A-339 461 discloses absorbent products made using superabsorbent polymers having the ability to exert pressure; under.
On olemassa tarve löytää superabsorboiva polymeeri, jonka ominaisuudet ovat tasapainossa, mistä 35 polymeerin vaippakäytössä on tuloksena parantunut vai pan kuivuus ja vuotavuus.There is a need to find a superabsorbent polymer with equilibrium properties which results in improved dryness and leakage of the sheet in the use of the 35 polymer sheath.
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Keksintö koskee superabsorboivia polymeerejä, ts. hydrogeelin muodostavia polymeerejä. Eräältä kannalta keksintö liittyy parannettuihin superabsorböi-viin polymeerikoostumuksiin. Toiselta kannalta keksin-5 to liittyy superabsorboivista materiaaleista tehtyihin polymeereihin.The invention relates to superabsorbent polymers, i.e. hydrogel forming polymers. In one aspect, the invention relates to improved superabsorbent polymer compositions. In another aspect, biscuit-5 relates to polymers made from superabsorbent materials.
Keksinnön mukainen superabsorboiva polymeeri on valmistettu muodostamalla vesiliuos akryylihaposta, silloitusmonomeeristä, joka on polyeteenisesti tyydyt-10 tymätön polymeroituva monomeeri, ja mahdollisesti hyd-roksipitoisesta polymeeristä, lisäämällä vesiliuokseen redoksi-initiaattorisysteemi ja mahdollisesti termisesti vapaa radikaali-initiaattori, sallimalla lämpötilan kohota huippulämpötilaan adiabaattisissa olosuh-15 teissä, pysyttelemällä huippulämpötilassa vapaan mono-meerin pitoisuuden pienentämiseksi alle 1 000 ppm:n pitoisuuteen, neutraloimalla 50 - 100 % saadun poly meerin happoryhmistä emäksellä ja lisäämällä mahdollisesti monifunktionaalista yhdistettä, jossa on vähin-20 tään kaksi ryhmää, jotka pystyvät muodostamaan kova-lenttisia sidoksia karboksyylihapporyhmien kanssa, kuivaamalla polymeeri alle 10 paino-%:n kosteuspitoisuuteen ja jauhamalla kuivattu polymeeri pulveriksi.The superabsorbent polymer of the invention is prepared by forming an aqueous solution of acrylic acid, a crosslinking monomer which is a polyethylene-unsaturated polymerizable monomer, and optionally a hydroxy-containing polymer, by adding a redox initiator system and optionally a thermally free radical roads, maintaining at peak temperature to reduce the concentration of free monomer to less than 1000 ppm, neutralizing 50-100% of the acid groups of the resulting polymer with base, and optionally adding a multifunctional compound having at least two groups capable of forming with carboxylic acid groups, drying the polymer to a moisture content of less than 10% by weight and milling the dried polymer to a powder.
Keksinnön mukaisella superabsorboivalla poly-25 meerillä on seuraavat ominaisuudet: .·. absorbenssi paineessa vähintään 3 0 g/g; uudelleenabsorptiokapasiteetti vähintään 40 g/g; elastisuusmoduuli vähintään 9,0 x 10* dyne/cm2, palautumissuhde vähintään 85 %.The superabsorbent poly-25 polymer according to the invention has the following properties:. absorbance at a pressure of at least 30 g / g; a reabsorption capacity of at least 40 g / g; modulus of elasticity not less than 9.0 x 10 * dynes / cm2, Recovery ratio not less than 85%.
30 Keksinnön mukaisesta polymeeristä valmistet tujen tuotteiden kuivuusarvo on vähintään 40.The articles made from the polymer according to the invention have a dry value of at least 40.
" I. Keksinnön mukaisen superabsorboivan polymee rin valmistuksessa käytetty ensisijainen monomeeri on • akryylihappo. Akryylihapon kanssa kopolymeroitu sil- 35 loitusmonomeeri on polyeteenisesti tyydyttymätön monomeeri, jossa on vähintään kaksi polymeroituvaa ryhmää molekyyliä kohden ja joka on liukoinen veteen tai ak- 4 105564 ryylihappo-vesiliuokseen. Esimerkkejä polymeroituvista ryhmistä ovat akryyliryhmät, metakryyliryhmät, allyy-liryhmät ja vinyyliryhmät. Silloitusmonomeerejä ovat polyolien polyakryyliesterit, polyolien polymetakryy-5 liesterit, polyallyyliamiinit, polyallyylieetterit, polyakryyliamidoyhdisteet, polymetakryyliamidoyhdis-teet sekä divinyyliyhdisteet. Erityisesimerkkejä sil-loitusmonomeereistä ovat tetra-allyylioksietaani, N,N'-metyleenibisakryyliamidi, N,N,-metyleenibismet-10 akryyliamidi, triallyyliamiini, trimetylolipropaanit- riakrylaatti, glyserolipropoksitriakrylaatti, divinyy-libentseeni ja vastaavat. Edullisia silloitusmonomeere jä ovat sellaiset, jotka sisältävät vähintään kaksi ailyyliryhmää, edullisimmin neljä ailyyliryhmää. Edul-15 lisin monomeeri on tetra-allyylioksietaani."I. The primary monomer used in the preparation of the superabsorbent polymer of the invention is acrylic acid. The crosslinking monomer copolymerized with acrylic acid is a polyethyleneically unsaturated monomer having at least two polymerizable groups per molecule and soluble in water or acyl 10 10 646. examples of polymerizable groups are acrylic groups, methacrylic groups, allyl-groups and vinyl groups. Crosslinking are polyols, polyacrylic polyols polymetakryy-5 esters, polyallyl amines, polyallyl ethers, polyacrylamido, polymetakryyliamidoyhdis-making and divinyl compounds. Specific examples of sil-monomers are tetrallyloxyethane-allyloxyethane, n, n ' -methylenebisacrylamide, N, N, -methylenebismeth-10 acrylamide, triallylamine, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, glycerol propoxytricrylate, divinylbenzene and the like. at least two allyl groups, most preferably four allyl groups. The monomer of Edul-15 is tetraallyl oxyethane.
Valinnaisia komponentteja keksinnön mukaisten superabsorboivien polymeerien valmistuksessa käytettäväksi ovat vesiliukoiset hydroksipitoiset polymeerit, esimerkiksi polysakkaridit ja vinyyli- tai akryylipo-20 lymeerit. Esimerkkejä vesiliukoisista polysakkarideis ta ovat tärkkelykset, vesiliukoiset selluloosat ja po-lygalaktomannaanit. Sopivia tärkkelyksiä ovat luonnon tärkkelykset, esimerkiksi bataattitärkkelys, perunatärkkelys, vehnätärkkelys, maissitärkkelys, riisitärk-25 kelys, tapiokatärkkelys ja vastaavat. Prosessoidut ja ·.· modifioidut tärkkelykset, esimerkiksi dialdehyditärk- kelys, alkyylieetteröity tärkkelys, allyylieetteröity tärkkelys, oksialkyloitu tärkkelys, aminoetyylieette-röity tärkkelys sekä syaanietyylieetteröity tärkkelys 30 ovat myös sopivia.Optional components for use in preparing the superabsorbent polymers of the invention are water-soluble hydroxy-containing polymers, for example polysaccharides and vinyl or acrylic polymers. Examples of water-soluble polysaccharides are starches, water-soluble celluloses, and polygalactomannans. Suitable starches include natural starches, for example sweet potato starch, potato starch, wheat starch, corn starch, rice starch, tapioca starch and the like. Processed and modified starches, for example dialdehyde starch, alkyl etherated starch, allyl etherified starch, oxyalkylated starch, aminoethyl etherated starch and cyanoethyl etherated starch are also suitable.
Keksinnössä käyttökelpoiset vesiliukoiset * selluloosat on saatu puusta, korsista, niinestä, sie- menhöytyvistä ja vastaavista, joita on sitten muunnettu hydroksialkyyliselluloosaksi, karboksimetyylisellu-35 loosaksi, metyyliselluloosaksi ja vastaaviksi.Water-soluble * celluloses useful in the invention are obtained from wood, straw, yoke, seed flakes and the like, which are then converted to hydroxyalkyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and the like.
Sopivia polygalaktomannaaneja ovat guarkumi ja johanneksen leipäpuunhedelmäkumit (locust bean = 105564 gums) samoin kuin niiden hydroksialkyyli-, karboksial-kyyli- ja aminoalkyylijohdannaiset.Suitable polygalactomannans include guar gum and locust bean gum (105564 gums) as well as their hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl and aminoalkyl derivatives.
Vesiliukoisia vinyyli- ja akryylipolymeerejä ovat polyvinyylialkoholi ja poly(hydroksietyyli-5 akrylaatti).Water-soluble vinyl and acrylic polymers include polyvinyl alcohol and poly (hydroxyethyl 5 acrylate).
Edullinen polysakkaridi keksinnössä käytettäväksi on luonnon tärkkelys, esimerkiksi vehnätärkke-lys, maissitärkkelys ja alfa-tärkkelykset.A preferred polysaccharide for use in the invention is natural starch, for example wheat starch, corn starch and alpha starch.
Keksinnön mukaisen superabsorboivan polymee-10 rin valmistuksessa akryylihappo ja vesiliukoinen polymeeri saatetaan reagoimaan akryylihapon määrän ollessa noin 90 - 100 paino-% ja vesiliukoisen polymeerin määrän ollessa 0-10 paino-%, painoprosenttien perustuessa akryylihapon ja vesiliukoisen polymeerin painoi-15 hin. Polyeteenisesti tyydyttymättömän silloitus-monomeerin määrä voi vaihdella alueella noin 0,005 - 1,0 mooli-% akryylihappomooleista laskettuna ja edullisesti alueella noin 0,01 - 0,3 mooli-%.In the preparation of the superabsorbent polymer of the invention, the acrylic acid and the water-soluble polymer are reacted in an amount of about 90 to 100% by weight of acrylic acid, and in an amount of 0 to 10% by weight of water-soluble polymer. The amount of polyethylenically unsaturated crosslinking monomer may range from about 0.005 to 1.0 mole% based on moles of acrylic acid, and preferably from about 0.01 to 0.3 mole%.
Keksinnössä käytettävät polymerointi-20 initiaattorit ovat redoksi-initiaattoreita ja mahdollisesti termistä tyyppiä. Redoksi-initiaattoreita käytetään polymerointireaktion initiointiin ja sen viemiseksi oleellisesti loppuun. Termiset initiaattorit, jos niitä käytetään, ovat mukana varmistamassa, että 25 vapaan monomeerin pitoisuus tuotteessa alenee painon mukaan alle 1 000 ppm:ään.The polymerization initiators used in the invention are redox initiators and optionally of the thermal type. Redox initiators are used to initiate and substantially complete the polymerization reaction. The thermal initiators, if used, are involved in ensuring that the content of 25 free monomers in the product is reduced to less than 1000 ppm by weight.
Mitä redoksi-initiaattoreihin tulee, voidaan keksinnössä käyttää mitä tahansa hyvin tunnetuista vesiliukoisista pelkistysaineista ja hapetusaineista. 30 Esimerkkejä pelkistimistä ovat sellaiset yhdisteet, kuten askorbiinihappo, alkalimetallisulfiitit, alkali-' metallibisulf iitit, ammoniumsulf iitti, ammoniumbisul- fiitti, alkalimetallivetysulfiitti, ammoniumvetysul-• fiitti, ferrometallisuolat, esim. ferrosulfaatit, so- 35 kerit, aldehydit, primaariset ja sekundaariset alkoholit ja vastaavat.As far as redox initiators are concerned, any of the well-known water-soluble reducing agents and oxidizing agents may be used in the invention. Examples of reducing agents include compounds such as ascorbic acid, alkali metal sulfites, alkali metal bisulfites, ammonium sulfite, ammonium bisulfite, alkali metal hydrogen sulfite, ammonium hydrogen sulfite, ferrometallic salts, e.g. like.
β 105564β 105564
Hapettavia aineita ovat sellaiset yhdisteet, kuten vetyperoksidi, alkalimetallipersulfaatti, ammo-niumpersulfaatti, alkyylihydroperoksidit, peresterit, diakryyliperoksidit, hopeasuolat ja vastaavat. Erityi-5 sen edullinen redoksi-initiaattoripari on askorbiini-happo ja vetyperoksidi.Oxidizing agents include compounds such as hydrogen peroxide, alkali metal persulfate, ammonium persulfate, alkyl hydroperoxides, peresters, diacrylic peroxides, silver salts and the like. Particularly preferred is its redox initiator pair ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide.
Jotta saataisiin superabsorboivia polymeerejä, joilla on tämän keksinnön patenttivaatimuksissa esitetyt ylivoimaiset ominaisuudet, on pelkistysainet-10 ta käytettävä noin 2 x 10'5 - 2,0 x 10'2 mooli-% laskettuna akryylihappomooleista. Käytetty hapetusaineen määrä on noin 2,0 x 10 3 - 1,1 mooli-% akryylihappomooleista laskettuna.In order to obtain superabsorbent polymers having the superior properties claimed in the claims of the present invention, the reducing agent-10 must be used in an amount of about 2 x 10'5 to 2.0 x 10'2 mol% based on moles of acrylic acid. The amount of oxidizing agent used is from about 2.0 x 10 3 to about 1.1 mole% based on moles of acrylic acid.
Jotta varmistettaisiin akryylihappomonomeerin 15 ja silloitusmonomeerin täydellinen polymeroituminen, voidaan polymerointiprosessiin sisällyttää terminen initiaattori. Käyttökelpoisia termisiä initiaattoreita ovat "atso"-initiaattorit, ts. yhdisteet, jotka sisältävät -N=N- rakenteen. Voidaan käyttää kaikkia atsoyh-20 disteitä, joilla on jonkinlainen liukoisuus veteen tai akryylihappo-vesiseokseen ja joilla on 10 tunnin puoliintumisaika 30 °C:ssa tai sen yläpuolella. Esimerkkejä käyttökelpoisista atsoinitiaattoreista ovat 2,2'-atsobis(amidinopropaani)dihydrokloridi, 4,4'-atso- 25 bis(syaanivaleriaanahappo), 4,4'-butyyliatsosyaani- ·. valeriaanahappo, 2,2'-atsobis(isobutyronitriili) ja vastaavat. Edullinen atsoinitiaattori keksinnössä käytettäväksi on 2,2'-atsobis(amidinopropaani)dihydrokloridi . Termisiä initiaattoreita käytetään 0 - noin 1 30 mooli-% akryylihapon painosta laskettuna.In order to ensure complete polymerization of the acrylic acid monomer 15 and the crosslinking monomer, a thermal initiator may be included in the polymerization process. Useful thermal initiators include "azo" initiators, i.e. compounds containing the -N = N- structure. Any azo compound having some solubility in water or in an acrylic acid-water mixture having a half-life of 10 hours at or above 30 ° C may be used. Examples of useful azo initiators are 2,2'-azobis (amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 4,4'-azobis (cyano valeric acid), 4,4'-butyl azocyano. valeric acid, 2,2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile) and the like. A preferred azo initiator for use in the invention is 2,2'-azobis (amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. The thermal initiators are used in an amount of 0 to about 1 to 30 mole% based on the weight of the acrylic acid.
Polymerointimenetelmä keksinnön mukaisten koostumusten valmistamiseksi suoritetaan vedessä kiin-toainepitoisuudella, ts. akryylihapon ja vesiliukoisen polymeerin pitoisuudella noin 20 - 30 paino-%, jossa 35 paino-% perustuu veden, akryylihapon ja vesiliukoisen polymeerin yhteispainoon.The polymerization process for preparing the compositions of the invention is carried out in water with a solids content, i.e., an acrylic acid and water soluble polymer content of about 20 to 30 weight percent, with 35 weight percent based on the total weight of water, acrylic acid and water soluble polymer.
105564 7105564 7
Menetelmä keksinnön mukaisten koostumusten valmistamiseksi on adiabaattinen reaktio, joka initi-oidaan 5-20 °C:n lämpötilassa ja jonka aikaansaama lämpötilan nousu ei ylitä 90 °C:n huippulämpätilaa.The process for preparing the compositions of the invention is an adiabatic reaction which is initiated at a temperature of 5 to 20 ° C and the temperature rise of which does not exceed a peak temperature of 90 ° C.
5 Yleensä huippulämpötila on noin 60 - 75 °C. Huippu-lämpötilan saavuttamiseen vaadittu aika vaihtelee riippuen monomeerikonsentraatiosta, initiaattorimää-rästä ja käytetystä erikoisinitiaattorista samoin kuin reaktiopanoksen suuruudesta ja siitä, onko reaktio 10 eristetty vai ei. Yleensä aika on noin 1-2 tuntia. Kun huippulämpötila on saavutettu, lämpötila pidetään noin 10 °C:n sisällä huippulämpötilasta ja edullisesti noin 5 °C:n sisällä noin 1-12 tuntia, jotta varmistettaisiin, että polymeroituminen on täydellistä ja 15 että jäännösmonomeeripitoisuus on alle 1000 ppm.Generally, the peak temperature is about 60-75 ° C. The time required to reach the peak temperature will vary depending on the monomer concentration, the amount of initiator and the special initiator used, as well as the size of the reaction charge and whether the reaction 10 is isolated or not. Usually the time is about 1-2 hours. When the peak temperature is reached, the temperature is maintained at about 10 ° C from the peak temperature and preferably at about 5 ° C for about 1-12 hours to ensure that the polymerization is complete and that the residual monomer content is less than 1000 ppm.
Karboksyylihapporyhmät keksinnön mukaisessa koostumuksessa neutraloidaan emäksellä noin 50 - 100 mooli-%:isesti, edullisesti noin 65 - 75 mooli- %:isesti. Edullisia emäksiä ovat alkalimetallihydrok-20 sidit, edullisimman emäksen ollessa natriumhydroksidi. Voidaan käyttää myös muita emäksiä, kuten aikaiimaame-tallihydroksideja, ammoniumhydroksidia, aikaiimetal-lia, alkalimaametalli- ja ammoniumkarbonaatteja, bikarbonaatteja ja -alkoholaatteja, -amiineja ja vas-25 taavia.The carboxylic acid groups in the composition of the invention are neutralized with a base of about 50 to 100 mol%, preferably about 65 to 75 mol%. Preferred bases are alkali metal hydroxides, with sodium hydroxide being the most preferred base. Other bases may also be used, such as alkali metal tallow hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, alkali metal, alkali metal and ammonium carbonates, bicarbonates and alcoholates, amines and the like.
·. Jälkisilloittava yhdiste, joka mahdollisesti lisätään reagensseihin neutralointivaiheen jälkeen, voi olla mikä tahansa yhdiste, jossa on vähintään kaksi reaktiivista osuutta, jotka voivat reagoida tai 30 muodostaa sidoksen karboksyylihappo- tai karboksyyli-happosuolaryhmien kanssa ja joka on kutakuinkin vesi-; liukoinen. Orgaaniset yhdisteet, jotka sisältävät epoksiryhmiä, hydroksyyliryhmiä, amiiniryhmiä, fenoli-ryhmiä tai halohydriiniryhmiä, ovat sopivia käytettä-35 väksi.·. The post-crosslinking compound which may be added to the reagents after the neutralization step may be any compound having at least two reactive moieties which may react or form a bond with the carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid salt groups and be substantially aqueous; soluble. Organic compounds containing epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, amine groups, phenol groups or halohydrin groups are suitable for use.
Esimerkkejä käyttökelpoisista jälkisilloitta-vista yhdisteistä ovat eteeniglykolidiglysidyylieette- 8 105564 ri, epikloorihydriini, glyseroli, etyleenidiamiini, bisfenoli A ja vastaavat. Edullinen jälkisilloittava yhdiste on etyleeniglykolidiglysidyylieetteri.Examples of useful post-crosslinking compounds include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, epichlorohydrin, glycerol, ethylenediamine, bisphenol A and the like. A preferred post-crosslinking compound is ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether.
Jälkisilloittavaa yhdistetty lisätään poly-5 meeriin 0 - noin 1,8 mooli-% laskettuna akryylihappo-mooleista ja edullisesti, silloittavan yhdisteen ollessa diglysidyylieetteri, noin 0,02 - 0,15 mooli-%.The crosslinking compound is added to the poly-5 polymer in an amount of 0 to about 1.8 mol% based on moles of acrylic acid, and preferably, the crosslinking compound being diglycidyl ether, about 0.02 to 0.15 mol%.
Kuten edellä esitettiin, on polymerointireak-tio adiabaattinen reaktio, joka suoritetaan ilman ul-10 koista lämmitystä. Monomeerit, ts. akryylihappo, sil- loitusmonomeeri ja polysakkaridi, jos sitä käytetään, liuotetaan veteen reaktorissa. Liuennut happi poistetaan liuoksesta inerttikaasuvirralla, esim. typellä, ja lämpötila alennetaan noin 5-20 °C:een. Polyme-15 rointi-initiaattorit, ts. terminen initiaattori, jos sitä käytetään, pelkistin ja hapetin lisätään reaktoriin perusteellisesti sekoittaen. Lyhyen induktiovai-heen jälkeen polymeroituminen alkaa, mitä osoittaa lämpötilan nousu. Huippulämpötila saavutetaan noin 1 -2 0 3 tunnissa. Yleensä huippulämpötila on noin 60 - 75 °C. Kun huippulämpötila on saavutettu, polymeeri pidetään lämpöeristetyssä säiliössä (joka voi olla reaktori) riittävän aikaa polymeroitumisen viemiseksi loppuun, mitä osoittaa arvoon alle 1 000 ppm alentunut 25 monomeeripitoisuus. Yleensä tämä aika on noin 2-12 ·.: tuntia.As stated above, the polymerization reaction is an adiabatic reaction which is carried out without any external heating. The monomers, i.e., acrylic acid, crosslinking monomer and polysaccharide, if used, are dissolved in water in the reactor. The dissolved oxygen is removed from the solution by a stream of inert gas, e.g. nitrogen, and the temperature is lowered to about 5-20 ° C. Polymer-15 roaming initiators, i.e., a thermal initiator, if used, are added to the reactor with thorough mixing and reduction. After a brief induction step, polymerization begins, as indicated by the increase in temperature. The peak temperature is reached in about 1 -2 0 3 hours. Generally, the peak temperature is about 60-75 ° C. Once the peak temperature is reached, the polymer is kept in a thermally insulated container (which may be a reactor) for a sufficient period of time to complete polymerization, as indicated by a reduced monomer concentration below 1000 ppm. Usually this time is around 2-12 ·: hours.
Kun polymeroitumisreaktio on mennyt loppuun, polymeerigeeli poistetaan ja pilkotaan pieniksi partikkeleiksi. Emäksen vesiliuos lisätään sitten joiden-30 kin tai kaikkien happoryhmien neutraloimiseksi. Geeli pilkotaan uudelleen, jotta varmistettaisiin emäksen I tasainen sekoittuminen polymeeriin. Jälkisilloitusai- neen vesiliuos voidaan sitten lisätä ja geeli pilkkoa uudelleen tasaisen sekoittumisen varmistamiseksi. Gee-35 li kuumennetaan sitten noin 20 - 200 °C:n lämpötilassa tehostamaan j älkisilloitusaineen ja karboksyylihappo-ryhmien välistä reaktiota ja polymeerin kuivumista ai- 9 105564 le noin 10 paino-%:n kosteuspitoisuuteen. Kuivattu polymeeri jauhetaan sitten ja seulotaan noin 20 - 400 meshin partikkelikokoon US-standardiseulalla, edullisen koon ollessa 20 - 200 mesh, ja edullisimmin 95 % 5 partikkeleista on kooltaan 20 - 140 mesh.When the polymerization reaction is complete, the polymer gel is removed and broken down into small particles. The aqueous base is then added to neutralize some or all of the acid groups. The gel is cleaved again to ensure uniform mixing of the base I with the polymer. The aqueous solution of the post-crosslinking agent can then be added and the gel re-cleaved to ensure uniform mixing. The Gee-35 1 is then heated at a temperature of about 20 to 200 ° C to enhance the reaction between the curing agent and the carboxylic acid groups and to dry the polymer to a moisture content of about 10% by weight. The dried polymer is then milled and screened to a particle size of about 20 to 400 mesh using a U.S. standard sieve, with a preferred size of 20 to 200 mesh, and most preferably 95% of the particles having a size of 20 to 140 mesh.
Superabsorboivan polymeerin ominaisuuksien arvioimiseksi käytettiin mallivaippaa. Vaippa konstruoitiin kerroksesta (14 x 37 cm) sellua, jonka perus-paino oli 200 g/ m2, ja nonvowen tausta-arkista. Supe-10 rabsorboiva polymeeri, 5 g, levitettiin sitten sellu-kerrokselle niin tasaisesti kuin mahdollista. Polymeeri peitettiin sitten sellukerroksella (14 x 37 cm) , jonka peruspaino oli 100 g/m2, ja nonvowenpinta- arkilla.A template sheath was used to evaluate the properties of the superabsorbent polymer. The diaper was constructed of a layer (14 x 37 cm) of pulp having a basis weight of 200 g / m 2 and a nonvowe backing sheet. The supe-10 adsorbent polymer, 5 g, was then applied as uniformly as possible to the pulp layer. The polymer was then covered with a layer of cellulose (14 x 37 cm) having a basis weight of 100 g / m 2 and a nonwoven surface sheet.
15 Mallivaipan testaus tapahtui seuraavasti: 1) 50 ml 0,9-paino-%:ista suolaliuosta kaadettiin vaipan keskelle 5 minuutin välein, kunnes liuosta oli käytetty yhteensä 150 ml; 2) 5 minuutin ja 2 tunnin kuluttua suolaliu-20 oksen lopullisesta lisäyksestä 10 koulutettua henkilöä arvioi vaipan kuivuuden koskettamalla vaippaa ja kukin arvosteli sen arvosanoilla 1-5 kummallakin aikavälillä. Arvosanojen merkitys oli: 5 - täysin kuiva 25 4 - hieman kostea 3 - kostea 2 - hieman märkä 1 - täysin märkä 3) Kunkin henkilön arviot laskettiin yhteen 30 kummallakin aikavälillä. Alhaisin mahdollinen arvosana edellä esitetyssä kokeessa oli 10 ja korkein 50. Kui-’ I. vuusarvosana vaipoille, joissa käytettiin keksinnön mukaisia superabsorboivia polymeerejä, oli vähintään • 40.Testing of the model diaper was carried out as follows: 1) 50 ml of 0.9% saline was poured into the center of the diaper every 5 minutes until a total of 150 ml was used; 2) 5 minutes and 2 hours after the final addition of saline solution, 10 trained persons assessed the dryness of the diaper by touching the diaper and each rated it 1-5 for each time interval. The significance of the grades was: 5 - completely dry 25 4 - slightly damp 3 - damp 2 - slightly wet 1 - completely wet 3) The scores for each individual were summed over 30 time periods. The lowest grade in the above test was 10 and the highest grade 50. The I. grade for diapers using the superabsorbent polymers of the invention was at least • 40.
35 Keksinnön mukaiset superabsorboivat polymee rit arvosteltiin myös seuraavissa kokeissa·.The superabsorbent polymers of the invention were also evaluated in the following experiments.
1) Absorbenssi paineessa 10 1055641) Absorbance at 10 105564
Testi määrittää superabsorboivan polymeerin absorptiokyvyn 20 g/cm2 paineessa (esim. lapsen istuutuessa) .The test determines the absorptive capacity of a superabsorbent polymer at a pressure of 20 g / cm 2 (e.g., a child sitting).
2) Uudelleen absorptiokapasiteetti 5 Testi määrittää superbsorboivan polymeerin absorptiokyvyn sen jälkeen, kun se on osittain hydrat-tu (10 g/g suolapitoisuudella) ja leikkausrasitettu yhteensä 50 kertaa 22 g/cm2 paineessa (ts. hieman märkä vaippa altistetaan makuu- tai istumisjännityksille).2) Re-absorption capacity The assay determines the absorption capacity of a super-absorbent polymer after it has been partially hydrogenated (10 g / g at a salt content) and shear stressed a total of 50 times at 22 g / cm 2 (i.e. slightly wet jacket is subjected to sleeping or sitting stress).
10 3) Elastisuusmoduuli10 3) Elasticity module
Testi määrittää superabsorboivan polymeerin yhtenäisyyden säilyttämiskyvyn täysin kyllästettynä rakenteen hajoamisen ja nestehäviöiden ehkäisemiseksi (ts. lapsi istuu märältä vaipalla).The test determines the retention capacity of the superabsorbent polymer when fully impregnated to prevent structure breakdown and fluid loss (i.e., the child sits wet with a diaper).
15 4) Palautumissuhde15 4) Recovery rate
Testi määrittää superabsorboivan polymeerin muotoonsa palautumiskyvyn toistuvien painealtistusten j älkeen.The test determines the resorbability of the superabsorbent polymer after repeated pressures.
Absorbenssi paineen alaisena mitataan käyttä-20 en automaattista absorbenssitesteriä, malli KM 350 (Kyowa Seiko Co., Ltd) ja muoviputkea, jonka sisähal-kaisija on 25 mm ja pituus 50 mm ja jonka pohjalla on metalliverkko (100 mesh). Testissä käytetään näytteitä, joiden koko on 32 - 100 mesh.Absorbance under pressure is measured using an automatic absorber tester, model KM 350 (Kyowa Seiko Co., Ltd) and a plastic tube with an inner diameter of 25 mm and a length of 50 mm with a metal mesh (100 mesh) at the bottom. Samples from 32 to 100 mesh are used in the test.
25 Testinäyte, 0,100 ± 0,01 g, pannaan muoviputki keen ja levitetään tasaisesti metalliverkolle. 100 g:n punnus pannaan näytteen päälle. Muoviputki pannaan testerin huokoisen levyn keskelle, jonka levyn alla on suolaliuosta sisältävä säiliö (0,90 p/til-% NaCl-30 vesiliuos). 1 tunti absorption jälkeen absorboituneen suolaliuoksen tilavuus määritetään (a ml) . Sokeakoe * suoritetaan samaa menetelmää käyttäen ilman superab- sorboivaa polymeeriä (b ml) . Absorbenssi paineessa on yhtä suuri kuin (a - b) x 10.25 Test sample, 0,100 ± 0,01 g, place in a plastic tube and spread evenly over a metal screen. Weigh 100 g on the sample. The plastic tube is placed in the center of the porous plate of the tester with a container containing saline (0.90 w / v% NaCl-30 in water) under the plate. 1 hour after absorption, the volume of saline absorbed is determined (a ml). Blood test * is performed using the same procedure without superabsorbent polymer (b ml). The absorbance at pressure is equal to (a - b) x 10.
35 Uudelleenabsorptiokapasiteetti määritetään seuraavasti: testinäyte, 1,00 g, pannaan dekantteriin, joka sisältää 10,0 g suolaliuosta (0,9 p/til-% NaCl- 11 105564 vesiliuosta) ja jätetään tunniksi, jotta saataisiin tasainen geeli. Geeli pannaan sitten polyeteenipus-siin, joka saumataan sen jälkeen kun ilma on poistettu sisältä. Geelin sisältävä pussi pannaan puristuste-5 lalle ja sitä leikataan seuraavissa olosuhteissa:35 The reabsorption capacity is determined as follows: A test sample, 1.00 g, is placed in a beaker containing 10.0 g of saline (0.9% w / v aqueous NaCl-105564) and left for an hour to obtain a smooth gel. The gel is then placed in a polyethylene bag which is sealed after the air has been evacuated. The gel-containing pouch is placed on a press-5 blade and cut under the following conditions:
Telan paino: 1 kgRoll weight: 1 kg
Telan leikkausnopeus: 1 min/kierrosRolling speed: 1 min / rev
Telaustaajuus: 50 kertaaCoding frequency: 50 times
Leikkauskuormituspaino: 22 g/cm2 10 Geelin uudelleenabsorptiokapasiteetti määri tetään sitten 1,10 g:lle leikattua geeliä, joka on pantu muoviputkeen käyttäen kohdassa absorbenssi paineessa esitettyä menetelmää sillä poikkeuksena, ettei käytetty 100 g:n punnusta.Shear loading weight: 22 g / cm 2 The gel's reabsorption capacity is then determined for 1.10 g of sheared gel placed in a plastic tube using the method described under absorbance pressure, except that 100 g is not used.
15 Elastisuusmoduuli määritettiin seuraavasti: testinäyte, 0,50 g, pantiin dekantteriin, jossa oli 25,0 g synteettistä uriinia (vesiliuos, jossa oli 0,8 paino-% NaCl, 2,0 paino-% ureaa, 0,08 paino-% MgS04 · 7H20, 0,03 paino-% CaCl2, painoprosenttien ollessa las-20 ketut liuoksen painosta) ja jätettiin 1-3 tunniksi, jotta saatiin tasainen geeli. Osa geelistä, 0,2 ± 0,01 g, pantiin sitten ryömymittariin, malli RE 3305 (Yama-den Co-, Ltd.) ja muodonmuutoskestävyys mitattiin va- kiokuormituksella 15 g/cm2.The modulus of elasticity was determined as follows: a test sample, 0.50 g, was placed in a beaker containing 25.0 g of synthetic urine (aqueous solution containing 0.8 wt% NaCl, 2.0 wt% urea, 0.08 wt% MgSO 4 · 7H 2 O, 0.03% by weight CaCl 2, wt.% Of the weight of the solution) and left for 1-3 hours to obtain a smooth gel. A portion of the gel, 0.2 ± 0.01 g, was then placed on a crawler, model RE 3305 (Yama-den Co., Ltd.), and the deformation resistance was measured at a constant load of 15 g / cm 2.
25 Elastisuusmoduuli yksiköissä dyne/cm2 lasket- ·. tiin yksikköjännityksen suhteesta yksikkömuodonmuutok- seen.25 Elastic modulus in dyne / cm2 calculate · ·. was determined from the ratio of unit stress to unit deformation.
Palautumissuhde määritettiin käyttäen elas-tisuusmoduulimittausten yhteydessä esitettyä ryömymit-30 taria ja synteettistä uriinia. Palautumissuhdetestissä 0,3 g superabsorboivaa polymeeriä lisättiin muovipul-I lossa olevaan 15 g synteettiseen uriiniin. Pullo suljettiin, sitä ravistettiin ja sen annettiin olla tun- * nin ajan, jotta saatiin tasainen geeli. Osa geeliyty- 35 neestä näytteestä, 0,1 g, pantiin ryömymittariin ja geelin elastisuus mitattiin anturilla iskettäessä pöytää ja näytettä 20 kertaa. Palautumissuhde laskettiin 12 105564 suhteena polymeerin korkeus lopussa/polymeerin korkeus alussa x 100.The recovery ratio was determined using the creep-30 story and synthetic urine presented in connection with the modulus of elasticity. In the recovery ratio test, 0.3 g of superabsorbent polymer was added to 15 g of synthetic urine in a plastic bottle. The flask was sealed, shaken and allowed to stand for 1 hour to obtain a smooth gel. A portion of the gelled sample, 0.1 g, was placed in a crawler and the elasticity of the gel was measured with a probe upon impacting the table and sample 20 times. The recovery ratio was calculated as 12 to 105564 as the ratio of polymer height at end / polymer height at start x 100.
Seuraavat esimerkit esittävät keksintöä yksityiskohtaisesti. Osat ja prosentit ovat paino-osia ja 5 -prosentteja, ellei toisin ole mainittu.The following examples illustrate the invention in detail. Parts and percentages are by weight and 5%, unless otherwise stated.
EsimerkkiExample
Kuumentamattomaan/eristettyyn reaktoriin lisättiin 800 osaa akryylihappoa, 4,0 osaa tetra-10 allyylioksietaania, 300 osaa 8-%:ista hapetettua tärkkelystä vedessä ja 2 899,5 osaa vettä. Typpeä kupli-tettiin liuoksen läpi ja lämpötila laskettiin 10 °C:een. Kun liuenneen hapen pitoisuus oli alle l ppm, lisättiin seuraavat initiaattorit luetellussa järjes-15 tyksessä: 0,8 osaa 2,2-atsobisamidinopropaanidihydro-kloridia 10 osassa vettä; 0,008 osaa askorbiinihappoa; 0,23 osaa 35-%:ista vetyperoksidia.800 parts of acrylic acid, 4.0 parts of tetra-10 allyloxyethane, 300 parts of 8% oxidized starch in water and 2,899.5 parts of water were added to the unheated / isolated reactor. Nitrogen was bubbled through the solution and the temperature lowered to 10 ° C. When the dissolved oxygen content was less than 1 ppm, the following initiators in the listed order were added: 0.8 parts of 2,2-azobisamidopropane dihydrochloride in 10 parts of water; 0.008 parts ascorbic acid; 0.23 parts of 35% hydrogen peroxide.
20 20 minuutin induktiojakson jälkeen alkoi po lymeroituminen ja huippulämpötila 60 °C saavutettiin 2 tunnissa. Tuotegeeli pidettiin eristetyssä reaktorissa vielä 2 tuntia, jolloin jäännösmonomeeripitoisuus aleni alle 1 000 ppm:ään.After an induction period of 20 minutes, the polymerization started and the peak temperature of 60 ° C was reached within 2 hours. The product gel was kept in the isolated reactor for a further 2 hours, at which time the residual monomer content decreased to less than 1000 ppm.
25 Sen jälkeen kun polymeerigeeli oli pilkottu ·. lihamyllyssä, siihen lisättiin 644,38 osaa 50-%:sta natriumhydroksidiliuosta vedessä. Geelin lämpötila oli noin 60 °C ennen lipeälisäystä ja lipeäliuoksen lämpötila oli 38 °C. Geeli pilkottiin uudelleen sen sekoit-30 tamiseksi emäksiseen liuokseen tasaista neutraloitumista varten. Geeliin, jonka lämpötila lämmön kehitty-1 misen vuoksi oli noussut 88 - 93 °C:een, lisättiin sitten 0,8 osaa etyleeniglykolidiglysidyylieetteriä liuoksen lämpötilan ollessa 24 °C. Geeli pilkottiin 35 uudelleen kolmesti, jotta jälkisilloitusaine saatiin jakautumaan tasaisesti. Polymeeri kuivattiin sitten 10 %:n kosteuspitoisuuteen pyörivän tyypin rumpukuivuril- 13 105564 la, joka oli lämmitetty 100 psi höyryllä. Saadut poly-meerihiutaleet jauhettiin ja seulottiin 20 - 400 meshin partikkelikokoon (US-standardiseula). Polymeerillä oli seuraavat ominaisuudet: 5 Absorbenssi paineessa (AP) - 30 g/gAfter the polymer gel had been cleaved ·. in a meat grinder, 644.38 parts of a 50% sodium hydroxide solution in water were added thereto. The gel temperature was about 60 ° C before the lye addition and the temperature of the lye solution was 38 ° C. The gel was re-digested to mix with a basic solution for uniform neutralization. 0.8 parts of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether were then added to the gel, the temperature of which had risen to 88-93 ° C, at a temperature of 24 ° C. The gel was cleaved three times three times to distribute the crosslinker evenly. The polymer was then dried to a moisture content of 10% on a rotary type tumble dryer heated at 100 psi steam. The resulting polymeric flakes were ground and screened to a particle size of 20-400 mesh (US standard sieve). The polymer had the following properties: Absorbance at pressure (AP) - 30 g / g
Uudelleenabsorptiokapasiteetti (uud.abs.kap.) - 42 g/g Elastisuusmoduuli (elast.mod.) - 9,3 x 104 dyne/cm2 Palautumissuhde - 86 %Re-absorption Capacity (Re-Abs. Capacity) - 42 g / g Elasticity Module (Elast. Mod.) - 9.3 x 104 dynes / cm2 Recovery rate - 86%
Mallivaipan kuivuus - 5 minuuttia - 43 10 2 tuntia - 43Model diaper - 5 minutes - 43 10 2 hours - 43
VertailuesimerkkiComparative Example
Kaupallisissa vaipoissa käytettävät polymeerit testattiin ja niitä verrattiin keksinnön mukaisiin 15 polymeereihin. Testien tulokset esitetään seuraavassa:The polymers used in commercial diapers were tested and compared with the polymers of the invention. The results of the tests are shown below:
Polymeeri Kuivuus AP Uud. Elast. mod.Polymer Drought AP Ref. Elast. mod.
abs.abs.
_____kap.__ __5 min 2 h g/g g/g 104 dyne/cm2_____ Cap .__ __5 min 2 h g / g g / g 104 dyne / cm2
Luvs Deluxe__36__38 27 20 11,8_Luvs Deluxe__36__38 27 20 11.8_
Ultra Pampers Plus 3 7__37 26 26__13,1_Ultra Pampers Plus 3 7__37 26 26__13,1_
Ultra Pampers__34 36 23 28__9,9_Ultra Pampers__34 36 23 28__9,9_
Snuggums Ultra__34__38 24 29 8,4_ i. Regular Pampers__31__33 25 23 12,7_Snuggums Ultra__34__38 24 29 8.4_ i. Regular Pampers__31__33 25 23 12.7_
Huggies Supertrim 31__35 21 31__7,8_Huggies Supertrim 31__35 21 31__7.8_
Paksu Pampers Plus 2 9__33 25 27 8,6_ SANWET® IM-1500 30 38 12 38 7,4_ SANWET® IM-10 0 0 22__35 3 10 4,7_Thick Pampers Plus 2 9__33 25 27 8.6_ SANWET® IM-1500 30 38 12 38 7.4_ SANWET® IM-10 0 0 22__35 3 10 4.7_
Keksintö__43__43 30 42__9,3_ * *ι «Invention__43__43 30 42__9,3_ * * ι «
Keksinnön mukaiset superabsorboivat polymeerit ovat käyttökelpoisia kosteutta absorboivien tuot-20 teiden, kuten kertakäyttövaippojen, terveyssiteiden, pidätyskyvyttömyyssuojien, siteiden ja vastaavien valmistuksessa. Keksinnön mukaiset superabsorboivat koos- 14 105564 tumukset ovat edellä esitetyn ominaisuustasapainonsa vuoksi erityisen käyttökelpoisia ohuiden ja erittäin ohuiden kertakäyttövaippojen valmistuksessa, joilla on erinomainen kosteusabsorptiokapasiteetti ja alentunut 5 vuotavuus.The superabsorbent polymers of the invention are useful in the manufacture of moisture-absorbing products, such as disposable diapers, sanitary napkins, incontinence pads, bandages and the like. The superabsorbent compositions of the invention are particularly useful for the manufacture of thin, ultra-thin disposable diapers having excellent moisture absorption capacity and reduced flowability due to their balance of properties above.
Valmistettaessa absorboivia tuotteita keksinnön mukaisista koostumuksista superabsorboiva koostumus sekoitetaan tai dispergoidaan huokoiseen kuitumat-riisiin. Matriisi valmistetaan puusellusta tai höyty-10 vistä, puuvillalintteristä, sulapuhalletuista synteettisistä kuiduista tai sulapuhallettujen kuitujen ja puuhöytyvien seoksesta. Synteettiset kuidut voivat olla polyeteeniä, polypropeenia, polyestereitä, polyesteri- tai polyamidikopolymeerejä tai vastaavia.In the manufacture of absorbent products from the compositions of the invention, the superabsorbent composition is mixed or dispersed in a porous fiber matrix. The matrix is made of wood pulp or fluff, cotton linters, melt blown synthetic fibers, or a blend of melt blown fibers and wood flakes. The synthetic fibers may be polyethylene, polypropylene, polyesters, polyester or polyamide copolymers or the like.
15 Absorboivat tuotteet, esimerkiksi kertakäyt- tövaipat, valmistetaan nestettä läpäisemättömästä taustamateriaalista, nestettä läpäisevästä kehonpuo-leisesta pintamateriaalista ja nestettä absorboivasta komposiitista, joka on kerroksena taustamateriaalin ja 20 pintamateriaalin välissä. Nestettä läpäisemätön taustamateriaali voi olla valmistettu kaupallisesta poly-olefiinikalvosta ja nestettä läpäisevä pintamateriaali voi olla valmistettu kaupallisesta nonvowenmateriaa-lista, esimerkiksi kehruusidotusta tai punotusta kui-25 turainasta, joka on vettyvä ja pystyy läpäisemään ·. uriinin.Absorbent products, such as disposable diapers, are made of a liquid impermeable backing material, a fluid permeable body-facing surface material, and a fluid-absorbing composite layer between the backing material and the surface material. The liquid impermeable backing material may be made from commercial polyolefin film and the liquid impermeable backing material may be made from commercial non-woven material, such as spunbond or braided nonwoven, which is water-repellent and capable of penetrating ·. uriinin.
Keksinnön mukaisia superabsorboivia polymeerejä voidaan käyttää absorboivien materiaalien valmistuksessa, esimerkiksi sellaisten, joita on esitetty 30 US-patenteissa 3 669 103, 3 670 731, 4 654 039, 4 699 823, 4 430 086, 4 973 325, 4 892 598, 4 798 603, 4 500 1 315, 4 596 567, 4 676 784, 4 938 756, 4 537 590, 4 935 022, 4 673 402 sekä EP-patenteissa 397 110, 378 247 ja 339 461, jotka kaikki sisällytetään viitteiksi.The superabsorbent polymers of the invention can be used in the manufacture of absorbent materials, for example those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,669,103, 3,670,731, 4,654,039, 4,699,823, 4,430,086, 4,973,325, 4,892,598, 4,798. 603, 4,500 1,315, 4,596,567, 4,676,784, 4,938,756, 4,537,590, 4,935,022, 4,673,402 and EP 397,110, 378,247 and 339,461, all of which are incorporated by reference.
35 Höytyvistä ja superabsorboivista polymeereis tä valmistettujen tuotteiden kapasiteetti absorboida toistuvia nesteannoksia määritetään seuraavasti: 15 105564 1) Muodostetaan absorboiva pehmuste, jossa on noin 2 g absorboivaa polymeeriä ja noin 12 g puusel-lua, ja puristetaan noin 0,2 g/cm3 tiheyteen ja halkaisijaltaan noin 6 tuuman suuruiseksi.35 The capacity of products made from flocculating and superabsorbent polymers to absorb repeated doses of liquid is determined as follows: 15) 1) An absorbent pad is formed comprising about 2 g of absorbent polymer and about 12 g of charcoal and compressed to a density of about 0.2 g / cm3 about 6 inches.
, 5 2) Absorboivaan pehmusteeseen annostellaan sitten 30 ml 0,9-paino-%:ista suolaliuosta. 20 minuutin kuluttua pannaan pehmusteelle 25 g ja 11 cm suuruinen suodatinpaperi ja riittävästi painoa, jotta pehmusteeseen kohdistuisi noin 1 psi:n voima. Suoda-10 tinpaperi punnitaan sitten. Pehmusteeseen annostellaan uudelleen 30 ml suolaliuosta ja 25 minuutin kuluttua käytetään suodatinpaperia ja painoa kuten edellä ja suodatinpaperi punnitaan. Testi toistetaan sitten kolmannen kerran. Uudelleenkastumisvaste lasketaan 15 seuraavasti: suodatinpaperin märkäpaino - suodatinpaperin kuiva-paino = uudelleenkastumisvaste2) 30 ml of 0.9% w / w saline is then added to the absorbent pad. After 20 minutes, place 25 g and 11 cm filter paper on the cushion and apply enough weight to apply a force of about 1 psi to the cushion. The filter-10 tin paper is then weighed. Re-dispense 30 ml of saline into the pad and after 25 minutes use filter paper and weight as above and weigh the filter paper. The test is then repeated a third time. The rewet response is calculated as 15: wet weight of filter paper - dry weight of filter paper = rewet response
Keksinnön mukaisen superabsorboivan polymeerin, polymeerin A, ja toisen, polymeerin B, jolla on 20 jossain määrin matalammat ominaisuudet, uudelleenkas tumisvaste samoin kuin polymeerien A ja B ominaisuudet, on esitetty seuraavissa taulukoissa.The re-utilization response of the superabsorbent polymer of the invention, polymer A, and another polymer B having somewhat lower properties as well as the properties of polymers A and B are shown in the following tables.
Taulukko 1 2 5 _____ . Polymeeri AP Uud.abs. Elast.mod. Palaut.suhde ___kap.___ A_ 30 42_ 9,3 x 104 86 %_ B_ 29 39_[8,8 X 104 [83 %_ u 1 « «Table 1 2 5 _____. Polymer AP Nov.abs. Elast.mod. Feedback Ratio ___ Cap .___ A_ 30 42_ 9.3 x 104 86% _ B_ 29 39_ [8.8 X 104 [83% _ u 1 ««
Taulukko 2 16 105564 _Polymeerin A uudelleenkastumisvaste____ Höytälei- Polymee- 1. annos 2. annos 3. annos den paino rin paino____ 9_ 0,8__0_ 11,3_22,5_ 6_ 1,6__0_ 5,2 16,9_ 12_J__0__4_j_6__11,1 _ _9___0_ 3,3_ 8,0 _ _6__3_j_2_ 0__lj_9_ 3,6_ 12__3_j_2__0_ 3,6__4^8_ _9_1 4,0_[0_[2,8_I 4,6_ _Polymeerin B uudelleenkastumisvaste_ Höytälei- Polymee- 1. annos 2. annos 3. annos den paino rin paino_____ _9__0^_8__0__12,5_ 22,4 _6__1_;_6__0__7^2__18,4_ 12__1^6__0_ 5,8__12,4_ 9_2,4__0_ 3,8_ 8,8_ _6_ 3,2__0__1^6_ 4,8_ 12_ 3j_2__0_4,5__5_j_9_ 9_[4,0_lO_[3,0_[5,6_Table 2 16 105564 _Water Wetting Response of Polymer A____ Flow-Polymer 1st Dose 2nd Dose 3rd Dose Weight Weight____ 9_ 0.8__0_ 11.3_22,5_ 6_ 1,6__0_ 5.2 16,9_ 12_J__0__4_j_6__11,1 _ _9___0_ 3, 3_ 8,0 _ _6__3_j_2_ 0__lj_9_ 3,6_ 12__3_j_2__0_ 3,6__4 ^ 8_ _9_1 4,0_ [0_ [2,8_I 4,6_ _ Polymer B Rehydration Response_ Fluff Polymer 1st Dose 2nd Dose 3rd Dose Weight Weight_____ ___ ^ _8__0__12,5,5 22,4 _6__1 _; _ 6__0__7 ^ 2__18,4_ 12__1 ^ 6__0_ 5,8__12,4_ 9_2,4__0_ 3,8_ 8,8_ _6_ 3,2__0__1 ^ 6_ 4,8_ 12_ 3j_2__0_4,5__5_j_9_ 9_ [4,0_lO_ [ 3,0_ [5,6_
Kuten on nähtävissä, oli molempien superab-... 5 sorboivien polymeerien uudelleenkastumisvaste 0 yhden annoksen jälkeen. Toisen ja kolmannen annoksen jälkeen oli keksinnön mukaisista superabsorboivista polymeereistä valmistettujen tuotteiden kokonaisvaste uudel-leenkastumiselle ylivoimainen, ts. alempi kuin muista 10 polymeereistä valmistetuilla tuotteilla.As can be seen, both superab-5 sorbent polymers had a re-wetting response of 0 after one dose. After the second and third doses, the overall response of the products of the superabsorbent polymers of the invention to re-wetting was superior, i.e., lower than that of the products of the other polymers.
Keksinnön periaate, edulliset toteutukset ja toimintamallit on esitetty edeltävässä selostuksessa. Keksintöä, joka hakemuksella aiotaan suojata, ei kui- ^ tenkaan ole tarkoitus rajoittaa varsinaisiin esitet-15 tyihin muotoihin, vaan ne on tarkoitettu pikemminkin havainnollistaviksi eikä rajoittaviksi. Alan ammatti- 4 105564 17 laiset voivat tehdä muunnoksia ja muutoksia poikkeamatta keksinnön hengestä.The principle, preferred embodiments and operating models of the invention are set forth in the preceding description. However, the invention, which is intended to be protected by the application, is not intended to be limited to the actual forms shown, but is intended to be illustrative rather than limiting. Those skilled in the art can make modifications and changes without departing from the spirit of the invention.
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NO921474L (en) | 1993-03-04 |
FI921640A (en) | 1993-03-04 |
DK0530438T3 (en) | 1997-08-18 |
IE921183A1 (en) | 1993-03-10 |
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CA2065926A1 (en) | 1993-03-04 |
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GR3022563T3 (en) | 1997-05-31 |
DE69217433T2 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
ATE148898T1 (en) | 1997-02-15 |
ES2097235T3 (en) | 1997-04-01 |
MX9201734A (en) | 1993-03-01 |
TR26455A (en) | 1994-02-16 |
FI921640A0 (en) | 1992-04-13 |
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