DE202012013572U1 - Absorbent article with high absorption material content - Google Patents

Abstract

Personal care absorbent article (20), the absorbent article having a front edge (10), a back edge (12), a longitudinal axis (80) extending longitudinally of the article, the article having a length L of at least 320 mm, measured along the longitudinal axis from the front edge to the rear edge, wherein the absorbent article comprises: a liquid-permeable upper layer (24), a liquid-impermeable lower layer (25), an absorbent core (28) between the upper layer and the lower layer, wherein the Absorbent core comprises a core wrap (16, 16 ') enclosing an absorbent material (60), the absorbent material comprising a high amount of superabsorbent polymers ("SAP") based on the weight of the absorbent material, the absorbent core having at least one channel (26, 26 '), which is aligned at least partially in the longitudinal direction of the article, - a receiving Verteilu The adsorption system (ADS) between the topsheet and the absorbent core, wherein the ADS comprises one, two or more layers, wherein the absorbent article has a relative wet increase in thickness (RWCI) of less than 32.0%, by the wet thickness test described herein and Compression force (WCACF) measured.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a personal care absorbent article such as a baby diaper, training pants, sanitary napkin or adult incontinence product.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Personal care absorbent articles, such as disposable baby diapers, toddler exercise pants, or adult incontinence underwear, are designed to absorb and retain body exudates, particularly large quantities of urine. These absorbent articles comprise multiple layers providing different functions, among other layers, for example, a topsheet, a backsheet, and an absorbent core therebetween.

The function of the absorbent core is to absorb and absorb the waste for a longer time, for example overnight for a diaper, to minimize rewet to keep the wearer dry, and to avoid soiling clothes or bedding. The majority of absorbent articles currently available on the market include as absorbent material a mixture of crushed wood pulp with particulate superabsorbent polymers (SAP), also referred to as absorption gelling materials (AGM), see, for example US 5,151,092 (Buell). Also, absorbent articles having a core consisting essentially of SAP as absorbent material (so-called "airfelt-free" cores) have been proposed (see e.g. WO2008 / 155699 (Hundorf) WO95 / 11652 (Dancer), WO2012 / 052172 (Van Malderen)), but are less common than traditional mixed cores.

Absorbent articles comprising an absorbent core with traces or grooves have also been proposed, usually to increase the fluid uptake properties of the core. WO95 / 11652 (Tanzer) discloses absorbent articles incorporating superabsorbent material disposed in separate pockets having a water-sensitive and water-insensitive retention structure. WO2009 / 047596 (Wright) discloses an absorbent article having a slit absorbent core.

It is also known to provide a sub-layer, usually a nonwoven, between the topsheet and the absorbent core. These sublayers are designed to rapidly pick up and / or disperse the liquid from the topsheet into the core. These sublayers are sometimes referred to as "wicking layer", "flood layer", "receiving layer" or "spreading layer". Articles with only one of these sublayers are known. Articles having two sub-layers or more, especially when a first sub-layer may have higher capillarity that quickly pulls the liquid away from the topsheet and a second sub-layer having a larger void area distributes the liquid over the core over a large surface, are also known , These sublayers generally do not comprise superabsorbent material. Hereinafter, the term "acquisition distribution system" ("ADS") is used to describe the layer or combination of separate layers (one, two or more) present between the topsheet and the backsheet and providing this uptake and / or distribution function. regardless of the number of layers.

Recording distribution systems comprising a single layer are, for example, in WO94 / 23761 (Payne) which discloses a receiving layer comprising a homogeneous composition comprising a hydrophilic fibrous material and a storage layer comprising a mixture of hydrophilic fibrous material and separate particles of absorbent gelling material. The receiving layer has a receiving zone towards the front of the article having a relatively lower average density and a relatively lower average basis weight than a distribution zone towards the back of the article. Another example of single-layer ADS is in FIG US5,486,166 and US5,490,846 To find (bishop).

US2008 / 0312621 and US2008 / 0312622 (Hundorf) describe a disposable absorbent article comprising a base unit comprising a topsheet and a backsheet, a substantially cellulose-free absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet, and a wearer-facing side aligned with a wearer when the wearer Article and having an opposite garment-facing side, and a "liquid-receiving system" disposed between the liquid-permeable topsheet and the wearer-facing side of the absorbent core The liquid acquisition system may also comprise an upper acquisition layer made from a latex-bonded nonwoven web.

USE004 / 220541 (Suzuki) discloses an absorbent sheet having concave and convex portions on its surface, which spontaneously exhibits a three-dimensional structure by forming a concavo-convex structure. US2007 / 244455 (Hansson) discloses an absorbent core in an absorbent article provided with at least two folding guides extending substantially in a longitudinal direction in the crotch region, wherein at least a part of the crotch region of the absorbent core is divided into a central portion and two lateral portions when viewed transversely , At least two stretchable elastic crotch elements are disposed in the crotch area of the article and are secured to the absorbent core and / or to the inner or outer cover.

Absorbent products that are flexible in the crotch area offer the benefits of improved freedom of movement for the wearer, especially when the user's legs compress the crotch portion of the article transversely. However, the inventors have found that highly flexible products generally have poor elasticity when wet, and thus tend to lose their shape when compressed by the movement of the user's legs. If the absorbent core is deformed, the product may not function properly, and this increases the likelihood of malfunctions, such as liquid spills.

Pick-up or distribution layers with a relatively large amount of synthetic fibers can provide additional elasticity to the article if its basis weight is high enough. However, these layers may have the disadvantages of causing high rewet due to inferior liquid processing properties of the synthetic fibers. There is a need for high elasticity absorbent articles while providing high flexibility and liquid handling properties.

SUMMARY

The invention provides a personal care absorbent article as set forth in the claims. The absorbent article has a leading edge and a trailing edge, a longitudinal axis extending longitudinally of the article, the article having a length L of at least 320 mm as measured along the longitudinal axis from the leading edge to the trailing edge. The absorbent article comprises a liquid pervious topsheet, a liquid impermeable backsheet and an absorbent core between the topsheet and the backsheet, the absorbent core comprising a core wrap surrounding an absorbent material. The absorbent material comprises at least 80% by weight of the absorbent material of superabsorbent polymers ("SAP"). The absorbent core includes at least one channel that is at least partially aligned longitudinally of the article. The article comprises a receiving distribution system (ADS) between the topsheet and the absorbent core, the ADS comprising one, two or more layers, provided that the ADS does not comprise a layer comprising at least 50% by weight of synthetic fibers and has a basis weight over 150 g / m ² . The absorbent article may have a Wet Thickness Increase (RWCI) value of less than 32.0%, as measured by the wet thickness and compression force (WCACF) test described herein, more preferably from 10.0% to 30.0%.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

1 Figure 11 is a plan view of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of a diaper prior to use, with some layers partially removed;

2 is a cross section of the embodiment of 1 at the crotch point;

3 is a cross section of the embodiment of 1 , made at the same point as 2 wherein the diaper is loaded with liquid;

4 Figure 11 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the invention with two channels;

5 is a cross section of the embodiment of 4 at the crotch point;

6 is a plan view of the absorbent core of 4 made in insulation, with some layers partially removed;

7 is a cross section of the core of 6 at the crotch point;

8th is a longitudinal section of the absorbent core of 6 ,

9 FIG. 12 is a schematic description of an apparatus used to perform the wet thickness and compression force test, described in more detail below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION INTRODUCTION

As used herein, the term "absorbent article" refers to disposable devices, such as infant diapers, training pants, adult incontinence products, or feminine hygiene pads, and the like, which are placed against the wearer's body or near the wearer's body to remove various exudates discharged from the body to absorb and absorb. Typically, these articles include a topsheet, a backsheet, an absorbent core, and optionally a containment system (which may be one or more layers) and typically other components, with the absorbent core normally disposed between the backsheet and the containment system or topsheet ,

The absorbent articles of the invention are further illustrated in the following description and figures in the form of a glued diaper. Nothing in this description, however, should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims, unless expressly stated otherwise. Unless otherwise stated, the description refers to the dry article, i. H. before use, and conditioned for a minimum of 24 hours at 21 ° C +/- 2 ° C and 50 +/- 20% relative humidity (RH).

As used herein, a "nonwoven web" is a fabricated sheet, web, or mat made of directionally or randomly oriented fibers bonded together by friction and / or cohesion and / or adhesion, excluding woven paper and woven products , knitted, tufted, stitched under binding yarns or threads, or felted by wet milling, whether or not they are sewn in addition. The fibers may be natural or of origin and may be staple or continuous filaments or formed in situ. Commercially available fibers have diameters of less than about 0.001 mm to more than about 0.2 mm, and come in various forms such as short fibers (known as staple fibers or cut fibers), continuous single fibers (filaments or monofilaments), untwisted bundles Nonwoven webs can be formed by many processes such as meltblowing, melt spinning, solvent spinning, electrospinning, carding, and aerodynamic nonwoven web forming. The basis weight of the nonwoven webs is usually expressed in grams square meter (g / m ² ).

As used herein, the term "connected" or "bonded" or "attached" includes configurations wherein one element is directly connected to another element by attaching the element directly to the other element and configurations wherein one element is indirectly is attached to another element by the element is attached to intermediate element (s), which in turn are attached to the other element.

"Comprehensive", "comprising" and "comprising" are open-ended terms, each of which represents the existence of the subsequent, e.g. As a component, but other characteristics, such. Elements, steps, components known in the art or disclosed herein. These terms, which are based on the verb "comprising", should be understood to exclude the narrower terms "consisting of" that excludes any elements, steps, or ingredients that are not indicated, and "consisting essentially of," which limits the scope of an element to the specified materials and steps and those that do not materially affect the manner in which the element performs its function. All preferred embodiments or embodiments described below do not limit the scope of the claims unless expressly stated otherwise. The words "usually", "normally", "advantageously" and the like also refer to elements which are not intended to limit the scope of the claims, unless expressly stated otherwise.

General description of the absorbent article

An exemplary absorbent article in the form of a baby diaper according to the invention 20 is in 1 - 3 shown. 1 is a plan view of the exemplary diaper 20 in a flattened Condition, with sections of the structure are cut away to the construction of the diaper 20 to show more clearly. This diaper 20 is shown for illustrative purposes only, as the invention can be used to make a variety of diapers or other absorbent articles.

The absorbent article comprises a liquid pervious topsheet 24 , a liquid-impermeable backsheet 25 , an absorbent core 28 between the upper class 24 and the lower class 25 and a recording distribution system ("ADS"), which in the example illustrated is a distribution layer 54 and a recording layer 52 which are described in more detail below. The article can also be barrier leg cuffs 34 and elasticized gasketing cuffs 32 which are associated with the base unit of the absorbent article, typically over the topsheet and / or backsheet, and which are substantially planar with the base unit of the diaper.

1 also shows other typical components of an adhesive diaper, such as a fastening system, the adhesive tabs 42 includes, which are attached to the rear edge of the article and with an impact area 44 interact at the front of the article. The absorbent article may also include other typical elements not shown, such as a rear waist elastic element, a front waist elastic element, transverse barrier cuffs, a lotion applique, etc.

The absorbent article 20 includes a front edge 10 , a back edge 12 and two side or longitudinal edges 13 . 14 , The front edge 10 of the article is the edge of the article that is placed on the front of the user when worn, and the back edge 12 is the opposite edge. The absorbent article may conceptually be of a longitudinal axis 80 divided, which extends from the front edge to the rear edge of the article and the article divided into two substantially symmetrical halves with respect to this axis, wherein the article is designed flat and viewed from above, as in 1 , The length L of the article may be along the longitudinal axis 80 from the front edge 10 to the rear edge 12 be measured. The article includes a crotch point C, defined herein as the point on the longitudinal axis at a distance of two-fifths (2/5) of L from the front edge 10 of the article 20 is arranged. The width of the article at the crotch point, as between the two longitudinal edges 13 . 14 measured, should be sufficient to perform the WCACF test, ie should be at least 40 mm. The width of the article at the crotch point may in particular be from 50 mm to 300 mm or from 80 mm to 250 mm.

The crotch area may be defined as the area of the diaper centered at the crotch point C and extending toward the front and toward the back of the absorbent article by a distance of one-fifth of L (L / 5). A front portion and a rear portion may be defined as the remaining portions of the diapers, which are respectively disposed toward the front and rear edges of the article.

The upper class 24 , the lower class 25 , the absorbent core 28 and the other article components may be assembled in a number of well known configurations, particularly by gluing or hot stamping. Exemplary diaper configurations are generally in US 3,860,003 . US 5,221,274 . US 5,554,145 . US 5,569,234 . US5,580,411 and US6,004,306 described. The absorbent article is preferably thin. The thickness at the crotch point C of the article may, for example, be from 4.0 mm to 12.0 mm, in particular from 6.0 mm to 10.0 mm, as measured by the article thickness test described herein.

The absorbent core 28 comprises absorbent material comprising at least 80% by weight of superabsorbent polymers and a core wrap surrounding the superabsorbent polymers. The core wrap can usually be two substrates 16 and 16 ' for the top and bottom of the core. The core further comprises at least one channel, which in 1 as the four channels 26 . 26 ' and 27 . 27 ' are shown.

The article further comprises a receiving distribution system exemplifying a receiving layer 52 and a distribution layer 54 includes. These and other components of the articles will now be discussed in more detail.

top layer 24

The upper class 24 is the part of the absorbent article which is in direct contact with the skin of the wearer. The upper class 24 can with the lower class 25 the core 28 and / or any other layers as known in the art. As a rule, the upper class 24 and the lower class 25 in some places (eg at or near the perimeter of the article) are directly interconnected and are elsewhere by directly connecting to one or more other elements of the article 20 indirectly connected.

The upper class 24 is preferably pliable, feels soft and is non-irritating to the skin of the wearer. Further, at least part of the topsheet 24 permeable to liquids so that liquids can easily penetrate through their thickness. A suitable topsheet may be of a wide variety of materials, such as porous foams; crosslinked foams; opened plastic films; or woven or nonwoven materials made of natural fibers (eg wood or synthetic fibers or filaments (eg polyester or polypropylene fibers) or blends thereof or a combination of natural and synthetic fibers.) If the topsheet contains fibers, For example, the fibers may be spunbonded, carded, wet laid, meltblown, hydroentangled, or otherwise processed as known in the art, particularly spunbonded PP nonwoven A suitable topsheet comprising a web of staple length polypropylene fibers is disclosed by Veratec, Inc , a division of the International Paper Company of Walpole, MA, USA, under the designation P-8.

Suitable shaped film topsheets are also in US 3,929,135 . US 4,324,246 . US 4,342,314 . US 4,463,045 and US5,006,394 described. Other suitable topsheets may be according to US4,609,518 and 4,629,643 , issued to Curro et al. Such molded films are available from Procter & Gamble Company of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA as "DRI-WEAVE" and from Tredegar Corporation of Richmond, VA, USA as "CLIFF-T".

Any section of the upper class 24 may be coated with a lotion as known in the art. Examples of suitable lotions include those in U.S. Pat US5,607,760 . US5,609,587 . US 5,635 . US5,643,588 . US5,968,025 and US6.716,441 described. The upper class 24 may also include or be treated with antibacterial agents, with some examples in the PCT publication WO95 / 24173 are disclosed. Furthermore, the upper class 24 , the lower class 25 or any portion of the topsheet or backsheet may be embossed and / or dulled to provide a more cloth-like appearance.

The upper class 24 may include one or more openings to facilitate the passage of exudates, such as urine and / or faeces (solid, semi-solid, or liquid) through them. The size of at least the primary opening is important to achieve the desired garbage encapsulation performance. If the primary opening is too small, the debris may not permeate through the opening, either due to poor alignment of the waste source and opening position or due to fecal masses having a larger diameter than the opening. If the opening is too large, the area of skin that may be contaminated by "rewet" of the article is increased. Typically, the total area of the openings on the surface of a diaper may have a surface area of between about 10 cm ² and about 50 cm ² , in particular between about 15 cm ² and 35 cm ² . Examples of an apertured topsheet are in FIG US6632504 disclosed that BBA NONWOVENS SIMPSONVILLE is appropriated. WO2011 / 163582 discloses a suitable colored top layer having a basis weight of 12 to 18 g / m ² and comprising several points of attachment. Each of the bonded dots has a surface area of 2 mm ² to 5 mm ^2, and the total surface area of the plurality of bonded dots is 10 to 25% of the total area of the topsheet.

Typical diaper topsheets have a basis weight of about 10 to about 28 g / m ^2, in particular between about 12 and about 18 g / m ^2, but other weights per unit area are possible.

underclass 25

The lower class 25 is generally that part of the absorbent article 20 which forms the majority of the outer surface of the article when worn by the user. The backsheet is positioned toward the underside of the absorbent core and prevents the wastes absorbed and trapped therein from soiling articles such as bedding and underwear. The lower class 25 is usually impermeable to liquids (eg urine). For example, the backsheet may be or include a thin plastic film, such as a thermoplastic film having a thickness of about 0.012 mm to about 0.051 mm. Exemplary underlayer films include those manufactured by Tredegar Corporation of Richmond, VA and sold under the trade name CPC2 film. Other suitable backsheet materials may include breathable materials that allow vapors from the diaper 20 escape, while continuing to prevent excretions through the lower layer 25 pass. Exemplary breathable materials may include materials such as woven webs, nonwoven webs, composites such as film-coated nonwoven webs, microporous films such as those manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Co., Japan, under the designation ESPOIR NO, and by Tredegar Corporation, Richmond, VA, USA, under the designation EXAIRE and monolithic films, such as those manufactured by Clopay Corporation, Cincinnati, OH, under the name HYTREL Blend P18-3097.

Some breathable composites are more fully described in the PCT application WO 95/16746 , which was published on June 22, 1995 in the name of EI DuPont; US5,938,648 by LaVon et al., US 4,681,793 by Linman et al., US 5,865,823 from Curro; and US5,571,096 by Dobrin et al., US6,946,585B2 described by London Brown.

The lower class 25 can with the upper class 24 , the absorbent core 28 or any other element of the diaper 20 be connected by any fastening means known in the art. Suitable attachment means are described above with respect to means for bonding the topsheet 24 with other elements of the article 20 described. For example, the attachment means may include a uniform continuous adhesive layer, a patterned adhesive layer, or an array of separate adhesive lines, spirals, or dots. Suitable fasteners include an open pattern network of adhesive filaments, as in US4,573,986 is disclosed.

Other suitable fastening means include a plurality of lines of adhesive filament that are swirled into a spiral pattern, as illustrated by the apparatus and methods disclosed in U.S. Pat US3,911,173 . US 4,785,996 ; and US 4,842,666 are shown. Adhesives that have been found to be satisfactory are manufactured by HB Fuller Company of St. Paul, Minnesota, USA and marketed under HL-1620 and HL 1358-XZP. Alternatively, the attachment means may comprise thermal bonds, compression bonds, ultrasonic bonds, dynamic mechanical bonds, or any other suitable fastening means or combinations of these fastening means, as known in the art.

absorbent core 28

As used herein, the term "absorbent core" refers to the individual constituent of the article that has the most absorbency and comprises an absorbent material and a core wrap surrounding the absorbent material. The term "absorbent core" does not include the acquisition distribution system or a layer or any other component of the article that is not either an integral part of the core wrap or disposed within the core wrap. The core may consist essentially of or consist of a core wrap, absorbent material as defined below, and adhesive enclosed within the core wrap.

The absorbent core 28 of the invention includes absorbent material having a high amount of superabsorbent polymers (herein abbreviated as "SAP") enclosed within a core wrap. The SAP content makes up at least 80% by weight of the absorbent material contained in the core wrap. The core wrap is not considered absorbent material for the purpose of evaluating the percentage of SAP in the absorbent core.

By "absorbent material" is meant a material that has some absorbency property or fluid retention properties, such as SAP, cellulosic fibers, as well as synthetic fibers. In general, adhesives used in the production of absorbent cores do not have absorbency properties and are not considered absorbent material. The SAP content may be higher than 80%, for example at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95% and even up to and including 100% of the weight of the absorbent material contained within the core wrap. This provides a relatively thin core compared to the conventional core, which typically comprises between 40-60% SAP and a high content of cellulosic fibers. In particular, the absorbent material may comprise less than 10% by weight of natural or synthetic fibers or less than 5% by weight, or even substantially free of natural and / or synthetic fibers. The absorbent material may advantageously comprise few or no airfelt (cellulose) fibers, in particular the absorbent core may comprise less than 15 wt%, 10 wt%, 5 wt% of the absorbent core of airfelt (cellulose) fibers or even substantially free of cellulose fibers.

The exemplary absorbent core 28 of the absorbent article of 4 - 5 is in 6 - 8th shown individually. The absorbent core usually includes a front side 280 , a back 282 and two long sides 284 . 286 that the front 280 and connect the back together. The absorbent core may also include a generally flat and generally flat bottom. The front 280 the core is the side of the core that faces the front edge 10 of the absorbent article is arranged. The core can be a longitudinal axis 80 ' have substantially the longitudinal axis of the article 80 corresponds, as in 1 seen from above in a level view. For example, the absorption material is advantageously distributed in the direction of the front side in a higher amount than in the direction of the rear side, since a higher one is required at the front side. Usually, the front and back sides of the core are shorter than the longitudinal sides of the core. The core wrap can be made by two nonwoven materials 16 . 16 ' be formed, which may be at least partially sealed along the sides of the absorbent core. The core wrap may be at least partially sealed along its front, back and two longitudinal sides so that substantially no absorbent material exits the absorbent core wrap.

The absorbent core of the invention may further comprise adhesive, for example, to help immobilize the SAP within the core wrap and / or to ensure the integrity of the core wrap, particularly when the core wrap is comprised of two or more substrates. The core wrap usually extends over a larger area than is necessary to retain the absorbent material therein. The absorbent core advantageously undergoes an SAP loss of not more than about 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% according to the method described in U.S. Pat WO2010 / 0051166A1 described wet immobilization test.

Cores comprising relatively high amounts of SAP with different core designs have been proposed in the past, see, for example, in US5,599,335 (Goldman), EP1,447,066 (Busam) WO95 / 11652 (Dancer), US2008 / 0312622A1 (Hundorf) WO2012 / 052172 (Van Malderen).

The absorbent material may be a continuous layer that exists within the core wrap. In other embodiments, this may be from individual pockets or strips of absorbent material enclosed within the core wrap. In the first case, the absorbent material can be obtained, for example, by applying a single continuous layer of absorbent material. The continuous layer of absorbent material, particularly SAP, may also be obtained by combining two absorbent layers having discontinuous absorbent material application pattern, the resulting layer being substantially continuously distributed over the polymer particle absorbent material region, such as in FIG US2008 / 0312622A1 (Hundorf) is taught. The absorbent core 28 can for a first absorption layer and a second absorption layer, wherein the first absorption layer, a first substrate 16 and a first layer 61 of absorbent material which may be 100% SAP, and the second absorbent layer a second substrate 16 ' and a second layer 62 of absorbent material, which may also be 100% SAP, and a fibrous thermoplastic adhesive material 51 that at least partially covers each layer of absorbent material 61 . 62 binds to their respective substrate include. This is in 7 - 8th 5, where the first and second SAP layers are applied as transversal stripes or "landing areas" of the same width as the desired absorbent material absorbent material deposition region on their respective substrate before being combined. The strips may advantageously comprise different amounts of absorbent material (SAP) to provide a profiled basis weight along the longitudinal axis of the core 80 ' provide. The first 16 and the second substrate 16 ' can make the core wrap.

The fibrous thermoplastic adhesive material 51 may be at least partially in contact with the absorbent material 61 . 62 in the landing areas and at least partially in contact with the substrate layer in the bonding surfaces. This gives the fiber layer of thermoplastic adhesive material 51 which itself is substantially a two-dimensional structure of relatively small thickness as compared with the dimension in the length and width directions, has a substantially three-dimensional structure. Thereby, the fibrous thermoplastic adhesive material can provide voids to cover the absorbent material in the impact area and thereby immobilize this absorbent material, which may be 100% SAP.

The thermoplastic adhesive material 51 may in its entirety comprise a single thermoplastic polymer or a blend of thermoplastic polymers having a softening point, such as ASTM Method D-36-95 "Ring and Ball" and / or the thermoplastic adhesive material may be a hot melt adhesive comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer in combination with other thermoplastic diluents, such as adhesive resins, plasticizers, and additives such as antioxidants.

The thermoplastic polymer usually has a molecular weight (MW) of over 10,000 and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of usually below room temperature or -6 ° C <Tg <16 ° C. Typical concentrations of the polymer in a hot melt adhesive range from about 20 to about 40 weight percent. The thermoplastic polymers may be water insensitive. Exemplary polymers are (styrene) block copolymers, including ABA triblock structures, AB diblock structures, and (AB) n radial block copolymer structures, where the A blocks are non-elastomeric polymer blocks, usually comprising polystyrene, and the B blocks are unsaturated conjugated diene or (partially) hydrogenated versions thereof. The B block is usually isoprene, butadiene, ethylene / butylene (hydrogenated butadiene); Ethylene / propylene (hydrogenated isoprene) and mixtures thereof. Other suitable thermoplastic polymers that can be used are metallocene polyolefins which are ethylene polymers made using single or metallocene catalysts. Therein, at least one comonomer may be polymerized with ethylene to produce a copolymer, a terpolymer or a higher order polymer. Also useful are amorphous polyolefins or amorphous polyalphaolefins (APAO) which are homopolymers, copolymers or terpolymers of C 2 to C 8 alpha olefins.

The adhesive resin may exemplarily have a Mw below 5000 and a Tg which is usually above room temperature; conventional concentrations of the resin in a hot melt are in the range of about 30 to about 60%, and the plasticizer has a low MW of usually less than 1000 and a Tg below room temperature with a typical concentration of about 0 to about 15%.

The thermoplastic adhesive used for the fibrous layer preferably has elastomeric properties such that the web of the fibers on the SAP layer is stretchable as the SAP swells. Exemplary elastomeric hot melt adhesives include thermoplastic elastomers such as ethylene vinyl acetates, polyurethanes, polyolefin blends of a hard component (generally a crystalline polyolefin such as polypropylene or polyethylene) and a soft component (such as ethylene-propylene rubber); Copolyesters, such as poly (ethylene terephthalate-co-ethylene azelate); and thermoplastic elastomeric block copolymers having thermoplastic endblocks and rubbery midblocks referred to as ABA block copolymers: blends of structurally different homopolymers or copolymers, e.g. B. a mixture of polyethylene or polystyrene with an ABA block copolymer; Blends of a thermoplastic elastomer and a low molecular weight resin modifier, e.g. A mixture of a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer with polystyrene; and the elastomeric pressure-sensitive hot melt adhesives described herein. Elastomeric hot melt adhesives of these types are more detailed in U.S. Patent No. 4,731,066 , issued to Korpman on Mar. 15, 1988.

The thermoplastic adhesive material is advantageously applied as fibers. The fibers may, for example, have an average thickness of about 1 to about 50 microns, or about 1 to about 35 microns, and an average length of about 5 mm to about 50 mm, or about 5 mm to about 30 mm. To improve the adhesion of the thermoplastic adhesive material to the substrate or any other layer, particularly any other nonwoven layer, such layers may be pretreated with an auxiliary adhesive. The fibers adhere to one another to form a fibrous layer, which may also be described as a mesh.

In certain embodiments, the thermoplastic adhesive material meets at least one or more of the following parameters. An exemplary thermoplastic adhesive material may have a storage modulus G 'measured at 20 ° C, 20 ° C of at least 30,000 Pa and less than 300,000 Pa or less than 200,000 Pa or between 140,000 Pa and 200,000 Pa or less than 100,000 Pa. In another aspect, the storage modulus G 'measured at 35 ° C may be greater than 80,000 Pa. In another aspect, the storage modulus G 'measured at 60 ° C may be less than 300,000 Pa and greater than 18,000 Pa or greater than 24,000 Pa or greater than 30,000 Pa or greater than 90,000 Pa. In another aspect, the storage modulus G 'measured at 90 ° C may be less than 200,000 Pa and greater than 10,000 Pa or greater than 20,000 Pa or greater than 30,000 Pa. The storage modulus, measured at 60 ° C and 90 ° C, can be a measure of the dimensional stability of the thermoplastic adhesive material at elevated ambient temperatures. This value is particularly important when the absorbent product is used in a hot climate where the thermoplastic adhesive material would lose its integrity if the storage modulus G 'at 60 ° C and 90 ° C is not high enough.

G 'can be used with a rheometer, as in WO2010 / 27719 indicated, measured. The rheometer is capable of applying a shear stress to the adhesive and measuring the resulting strain (shear strain) reaction at a constant temperature. The adhesive is placed between a Peltier element serving as a lower fixed plate and an upper plate having a radius R of e.g. B. 10 mm, which is connected to the rotary shaft of a motor to generate the shearing stress placed. The gap between the two plates has a height H of z. B. 1500 microns. The Peltier element allows the control the temperature of the material (± 0.5 ° C). The strain rate and frequency should be chosen so that all measurements are made in the linear viscoelastic region.

Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP)

"Superabsorbent polymers" ("SAP") as used herein refers to absorbent material which are cross-linked polymeric materials capable of absorbing at least 10 times their weight of an aqueous 0.9% saline solution, as with the test of Centrifuge Retention Capacity (CRC) (EDANA Method WSP 241.2-05E). In particular, the SAP used may have a CRC of more than 20 g / g or more than 24 g / g or from 20 to 50 g / g or from 20 to 40 g / g or 24 to 30 g / g. The SAP useful in the present invention comprises a variety of water-insoluble but water-swellable polymers capable of absorbing large quantities of liquids.

The superabsorbent polymer may be in powder form so that it is flowable when dry. Typical polymer particle absorbent materials consist of poly (meth) acrylic acid polymers. However, a starch-based polymer particle absorbent material such as polyacrylamide copolymer, ethylene-ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, crosslinked polyethylene oxide and polyacrylonitrile-grafted copolymer can also be used. The superabsorbent polymer may be polyacrylates and polyacrylic acid polymers that are internally crosslinked and / or surface crosslinked. Suitable materials are in the PCT patent application WO07 / 047598 or for example WO07 / 046052 or for example WO2009 / 155265 and WO2009 / 155264 described. In some embodiments, suitable superabsorbent polymer particles can be prepared according to the prior art, as described in particular in US Pat WO2006 / 083584 is described. The superabsorbent polymers are preferably internally crosslinked, ie, the polymerization is conducted in the presence of compounds having two or more polymerizable groups which can be radically copolymerized to the polymer network. Suitable crosslinking agents include, for example, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, allyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, triallylamine, tetraallyloxyethane, as in EP-A 530 438 described, di- and triacrylates, as in EP-A 547 847 . EP-A 559 476 . EP-A 632 068 . WO 93/21237 . WO 03/104299 . WO 03/104300 . WO 03/104301 and in DE-A 103 31 450 described, mixed acrylates, which, as well acrylate groups, further ethylenically unsaturated groups, as in DE-A 103 456 and DE-A 103 55 401 or crosslinking agent mixtures, such as in DE-A 195 43 368 . DE-A 196 46 484 . WO 90/15830 and WO 02/32962 described, as well as in WO 2009/155265 described crosslinking agents. The superabsorbent polymer particles may be externally surface crosslinked (or postcrosslinked). Convenient postcrosslinkers include compounds containing two or more groups capable of forming covalent bonds with the carboxylate groups of the polymers. Suitable compounds include, for example, alkoxysilyl compounds, polyaziridines, polyamines, polyamidoamines, di- or polyglycidyl compounds, as in EP-A 083 022 . EP-A 543 303 and EP-A 937 736 described, polyhydric alcohols, as in DE-C 33 14 019 described, cyclic carbonates, as in DE-A 40 20 780 described 2-oxazolidone and its derivatives, such as N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -2-oxazolidone, as in DE-A 198 07 502 described, bis- and poly-poly-2-oxazolidone, as in DE-A 198 07 992 described 2-oxotetrahydro-1,3-oxazine and its derivatives, as in DE-A 198 54 573 described, N-acyl-2-oxazolidone, as DE-A 198 54 574 described, cyclic ureas, as in DE-A 102 04 937 bicyclic amide acetal, as in DE-A 103 34 584 described oxetane and cyclic ureas, as in EP1,199,327 and morpholine-2,3-dione and its derivatives as described in U.S. Pat WO 03/031482 described.

In some embodiments, the SAPs are formed from polyacrylic acid polymers / polyacrylate polymers, for example, having a degree of neutralization of 60% to 90%, or about 75%, for example, with sodium counterions.

The SAPs useful in the present invention can take many forms. The term "particles" refers to granules, fibers, flakes, spheres, powders, platelets, and other shapes and shapes known to those skilled in the art of superabsorbent superabsorbent polymer particles. In some embodiments, SAP particles may be in the form of fibers, i. H. elongated, non-circular superabsorbent polymer particles. In these embodiments, the superabsorbent polymer particle fibers have a smaller dimension (i.e., diameter of the fiber) of less than about 1 mm, typically less than about 500 μm, and preferably less than 250 μm, down to 50 μm. The length of the fibers is preferably about 3 mm to about 100 mm. The fibers may also be in the form of a long thread which may be woven.

As a rule, SAP are spherical particles. In contrast to fibers, "spherical particles" have a longest and a shortest dimension with a particle ratio of longest to shortest particle size in the range of 1-5, where a value of 1 equals a perfectly spherical particle and some deviation from such a spherical particle would allow. The superabsorbent polymer particles may have a particle size of less than 850 microns or from 50 to 850 microns, preferably from 100 to 710 microns, more preferably from 150 to 650 microns, as measured according to the EDANA method WSP 220.2-05. Having a relatively small particle size, SAP helps to increase the surface area of the absorbent material in contact with liquid precipitates, and therefore, promotes rapid absorption of liquid precipitates.

The SAPs may have particle sizes ranging from 45 μm to 4000 μm, more particularly a particle size distribution within the range of 45 μm to about 2000 μm or from about 100 μm to about 1000, 850 or 600 μm. The particle size distribution of a particulate material may be determined as known in the art, for example by means of a dry sieve analysis (EDANA 420.02 "Particle Size Distribution").

In some embodiments herein, the superabsorbent material is in the form of particles having a weight average particle size of up to 2 mm or between 50 microns and 2 mm or 1 mm or preferably 100 or 200 or 300 400 or 500 μm or up to 1000 or up 800 or 700 μm; such as with the in for example EP-A-0,691,133 can be measured. In some embodiments of the invention, the superabsorbent polymer material is in the form of particles of which at least 80% by weight of particles having a size between 50 μm and 1200 μm and a weight average particle size are between any of the above range combinations. In addition, or in another embodiment of the invention, the particles are substantially spherical. In yet another or additional embodiment of the invention, the superabsorbent polymer material has a relatively narrow range of particle sizes, e.g. Wherein the majority (eg, at least 80 wt.% Or preferably at least 90 wt.% Or even at least 95 wt.%) Of particles having a particle size between 50 μm and 1000 μm, preferably between 100 μm and 800 μm and more preferably between 200 μm and 600 μm.

Suitable SAPs may be prepared, for example, by reverse phase suspension polymerizations as described in U.S. Pat US4,340,706 and US5,849,816 or spray or other gas phase dispersion polymerizations as described in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 2009/0192035, 2009/0258994 and 2010/0068520. In some embodiments, suitable SAPs may be generated by current state-of-the-art manufacturing methods, such as more specifically from page 12, line 23 through page 20, line 27 of FIG WO 2006/083584 is described.

The surface of the SAP can be coated, for example with a cationic polymer. Preferred cationic polymers may include polyamine or polyimine materials. In some embodiments, the SAPs may be modified with chitosan materials such as those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,936,866 and 5,629,866 US7,537,832 B2 disclosed to be coated. In some other embodiments, the SAPs may be mixed bed ion exchange absorbent polymers such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat WO 99/34841 and WO 99/34842 disclosed.

The absorbent core usually comprises only one type of SAP, but it is not excluded that a mixture of SAP can be used. The liquid permeability of a superabsorbent polymer can be determined by its intrinsic permeability measurement (UPM) value, as in European Patent Application Number EP 12174117.7 be measured, quantified. The UPM of the SAP may, for example, be at least 10 x 10 ^-7 cm ³ .se s / g or at least 30 x 10 ^-7 cm ³ .se s / g or at least 50 x 10 ^-7 cm ³ .se / g or more, e.g. B. at least 80 or 100 × 10 ^-7 cm ³ · s / g. The flow properties can also be adjusted by varying the amount and distribution of the SAP in the second absorption layer.

For most absorbent articles, liquid delivery is predominantly in the front half of the article, especially a diaper. The front half of the article (defined as the area between the front edge and a transverse line at a distance of half the length L from the front or back edge) may therefore comprise most of the absorbent capacity of the core. Thus, at least 60% of the SAP or at least 65%, 70%, 75% or 80% of the SAP may be in the front half of the absorbent article, with the remainder of SAP located in the back half of the absorbent article.

The total amount of SAP present in the absorbent core may also vary depending on the expected user. Nappies for newborns may be less SAP than baby diapers or Incontinence diapers for adults require. The average basis weight of the SAP within the (or "at least one," if multiple) deposition region 8th SAP may, for example of at least 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, or more g / m ^2, respectively. The areas of the channels that are in the absorbent material deposition region 8th are calculated to calculate this average basis weight from the absorbent material deposition region.

Core transformation ( 16 . 16 ' )

The core wrap may be made from a single substrate folded around the absorbent material, or may advantageously comprise two (or more) substrates attached to one another. Typical fixings are the so-called C-winding and / or sandwich winding. In a C-winding, as in 2 and 7 exemplified, the longitudinal and / or transverse edges of one of the substrates are folded over the other substrate to form flaps. These flaps are then bonded to the outer surface of the other substrate, usually by gluing.

The core wrap may be formed by any materials suitable for and retaining the absorbent material. Conventional substrate materials used in the manufacture of conventional cores, in particular paper, pulps, films, woven or nonwoven fabrics or a laminate of any of these, may be used. In particular, the core wrap may be formed from a nonwoven web such as a carded web, spunbond ("S") or meltblown web ("M"), and laminates of any of these. For example, melt spun polypropylene nonwoven fabrics are suitable, particularly those having a SMS or SMMS or SSMMS laminate web structure and having a basis weight range of about 5 g / m ² to 15 g / m ^2. Suitable materials are, for example, in US 7,744,576 . US2011 / 0268932A1 . US2011 / 0319848A1 or US2011 / 0250413A1 disclosed. It is also possible to use nonwovens made of synthetic fibers, such as, for example, PE, PET and in particular PP.

If the core wrap is a first substrate 16 and a second substrate 16 ' these may be made of the same kind of material or of different materials, or one of the substrates may be treated differently than the other in order to provide it with different properties. Since the polymers used for nonwoven fabric manufacture are inherently hydrophobic, they are preferably coated with hydrophilic coatings when placed on the liquid receiving side of the absorbent core. It is advantageous that the top of the core wrap, ie the side closer to the carrier in the absorbent article, is more hydrophilic than the bottom of the core wrap. One possible way to make nonwovens having permanently hydrophilic coatings is to apply a hydrophilic monomer and a radical polymerization initiator to the nonwoven fabric and to perform polymerization that is activated by UV light, resulting in monomer being chemically bonded to the surface of the nonwoven fabric , An alternative possible way to make nonwovens with permanently hydrophilic coatings is to coat the nonwoven fabric with hydrophilic nanoparticles, as in WO 02/064877 described.

In some embodiments, permanently hydrophilic nonwoven fabrics are also useful. Surface tension, as in US7744576 (Busam et al.) Can be used to measure how long a certain level of hydrophilicity is achieved. Fluid passage, as in US7744576 can be used to measure the degree of hydrophilicity. The first and / or second substrate, especially when wetted with saline, may have a surface tension of at least 55, preferably at least 60, and most preferably at least 65 mN / m or more. The substrate may also have a liquid passage time of less than 5 seconds for a fifth burst of liquid. These values can be compared with those in US7,744,576B2 : "Determination of Surface Tension" or "Determination of Strike Through" described test procedures are measured.

The hydrophilicity and wettability are usually defined in terms of the contact angle and the passage time of the liquids, for example by a nonwoven fabric. This is detailed in the publication of the American Chemical Society titled "Contact Angle, Wettability, and Adhesion," edited by Robert F. Gould (copyright 1964) , discussed. A substrate having a lower contact angle between than water and the surface of the substrate may be termed more hydrophilic than another.

The substrates can also be permeable to air. Films useful herein may therefore include micropores. The substrate may have, for example, an air permeability of 40 or 50 to 300 or to 200 m ³ / (m ² × min) as determined by EDANA Method 140-1-99 (125 Pa, 38.3 cm ² ). The core wrap material may alternatively have lower air permeability, e.g. B. not be permeable to air, for example, to facilitate processing on a moving surface, which includes negative pressure.

If the core wrap of two substrates 16 . 16 ' is formed, usually seals can be used to absorb the absorbent material 60 within the core wrap. For example, a first substrate 16 on one side of the core (the top as shown in the figures) and extends around the longitudinal edges of the core to at least wrap around the opposite bottom of the core. The second substrate 16 ' is usually between the enveloping brims of the first substrate 16 and the absorbent material 60 available. The brims of the first substrate 16 can with the second substrate 16 ' glued to create a strong seal. This so-called C-wrap design can provide advantages over a sandwich seal, such as improved resistance to bursting into a wet, fully loaded condition. The front and back of the core wrap may then also be closed, for example, by adhering the first substrate and the second substrate together to provide complete encapsulation of the absorbent over the entire circumference of the core. For the front and back of the core, the first and second substrates may extend in a substantially planar direction and be joined together, for which edge a so-called sandwich construction will be. In the so-called sandwich construction, the first and second substrates may also extend outwardly on all sides of the core and be sealed flat along the entire periphery of the core or portions thereof, preferably by gluing and / or heat / pressure bonding. Usually neither first nor second substrates need to be formed so that they can become rectangular for ease of manufacture, but of course other shapes are possible.

The term "caulking" should be understood in a broad sense. The seal along the entire periphery of the core wrap need not be continuous, but may be discontinuous along part or all of it, such as formed by a series of seal points spaced along a line. Usually, a seal can be formed by gluing and / or thermal bonding. The core wrap may also be formed from a single substrate which may enclose the absorbent material as in a package wrap and may be sealed, for example, along the front and back of the core and a longitudinal seal.

Absorbing material deposition region 8th

The absorbent material deposition region 8th may be due to the extent of the layer, from the absorbent material 60 is defined within the core wrap, as defined by the top of the absorbent core. The absorbent material deposition region 8th may take various forms, in particular a so-called "bone-shaped" or "hourglass-shaped" shape, which shows a taper along its width towards the middle or "step" region of the core. In this way, the absorbent material may have a relatively narrow width in a region of the core that is in the crotch region of the absorbent article, as in FIG 1 represented, to be arranged. This can provide better comfort for example. The Absorbent Material Absorbent Material Deposition Region 8th Thus, at its narrowest point (measured in the transverse direction), it may have a width which is less than about 100 mm, 90 mm, 80 mm, 70 mm, 60 mm or even less than about 50 mm. This narrowest width may also be, for example, at least 5 mm or at least 10 mm smaller than the width of the deposition region at its greatest point in the front and / or rear region of the deposition region 8th , The Absorbent Material Absorbent Material Deposition Region 8th can also be generally rectangular, as in example 4 - 6 however, other deposition regions may be used, such as a "T" or "Y" or "hourglass" or "bone" shape.

The basis weight (amount per unit area) of the SAP can also be along the deposition region 8th be varied to produce a profiled distribution of absorbent material, in particular SAP, in the longitudinal direction, in the transverse direction or in both directions of the core. Thus, the basis weight of the absorbent material may vary along the longitudinal axis of the core as well as along the transverse axis or along any axis parallel to one of these axes. Thus, for example, the basis weight of SAP in the relatively high basis weight region may be at least 10% or 20% or 30% or 40% or 50% higher than in a relatively low basis weight region. In particular, the SAP present in the absorbent material deposition region at the longitudinal position of crotch point C may have a deposition region compared to another region of the absorbent material deposition region 8th more SAP per unit area exhibit. The absorbent material may be deposited using known techniques, which may allow relatively precise deposition of SAP at a relatively high speed. In particular, the SAP printing technology can be used, such as in US2006 / 24433 (Blessing) US2008 / 0312617 and US2010 / 0051166A1 (both in Hundorf et al.). This technique uses a pressure roller to apply SAP to a substrate disposed on a grid of a carrier, which may include a plurality of transverse bars that extend substantially parallel to each other and are spaced apart to form channels that intervene extend the plurality of transverse bars. This technology enables rapid and accurate deposition of SAP on a substrate. The channels of the absorbent core may be formed, for example, by modifying the pattern of the grid and the receiving drums so that no SAP is applied in areas corresponding to the channels. EP application number 11169396.6 discloses this modification in more detail.

channels 26 . 26 '

The absorbent core comprises at least one channel which is at least partially aligned in the longitudinal direction of the core. In the following, the plural form "channels" with the meaning "at least one channel" is used. The channels can be formed in different ways. For example, the channels may be formed by zones within the absorbent material deposition region that may be substantially or completely free of absorbent material, particularly SAP. Additionally or alternatively, the channel (s) may also be formed by continuously or discontinuously bonding the material that forms the top of the core wrap to the material that forms the bottom of the core wrap through the absorbent material deposition region. The channels may advantageously be continuous, but it is not excluded that the channels are intermittent. The acquisition distribution system or any sub-layer between the topsheet and the absorbent core or other layer of the article may also include channels that may or may not be required to the channels of the absorbent core. In particular, the channels can be completely within the absorbent material deposition region 8th be included.

The channel or channels may in particular within the crotch region of the article, in particular at least at the same longitudinal position as the crotch point C, as in 1 through the two longitudinal channels 26 . 26 ' represented, present. Some channels may also extend from the crotch area into the back area and / or the front area of the core, or may be unique to the front area and / or the back area of the core, as in FIG 1 through the smaller channels 27 . 27 ' shown.

The absorbent core 28 may also comprise more than two channels, for example at least 3 or at least 4 or at least 5 or at least 6. Shorter channels may also be present, for example in the back region or the front region of the core, as through the pair of channels 27 . 27 ' in 1 shown towards the front of the core. The channels may include one or more pairs of channels that are symmetrical about the longitudinal axis 80 ' are arranged.

The channels may be particularly suitable in the absorbent core if the absorbent material deposition region is rectangular, as the channels may enhance the flexibility of the core to the extent that it provides less advantage to use a non-rectangular (shaped) core. Of course, channels may also be present in an SAP layer with a shaped deposition region.

The channels may extend substantially in the longitudinal direction, which generally means that each channel runs more in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction and typically at least twice as much in the longitudinal direction as in the transverse direction (as projected onto the respective axis measured). The channels can be one on the longitudinal axis 80 ' of the core projected length L ', which is at least 10% of the length L of the absorbent article. It may be advantageous that at least some or all of the channels are not completely or substantially completely transversely aligned channels in the core.

The channels may be fully aligned longitudinally and parallel to the longitudinal axis, but may also be curved. In particular, some or all of the channels, in particular the channels that are present in the crotch area, can be to the longitudinal axis 80 ' be concave, such as in 1 and 6 for the pair of channels 26 . 26 ' shown. The radius of curvature may ordinarily be at least equal to the average transverse dimension (and preferably at least 1.5 times or at least 2.0 times that average transverse dimension) of the absorbent material deposition region 8th be; and be just as straight, but at an angle of z. B. 5 ° to 30 ° or z. B. up to 20 ° or up to 10 ° to a line parallel to the longitudinal axis. The radius of curvature may be constant for a channel or may be along vary in length. This may also include channels with an angle therein, provided that the angle between two parts of a channel is at least 120 °, preferably at least 150 °; and in each case, provided that the longitudinal extent of the channel is greater than the transverse extent. The channels may also be branched, for example a central channel which is arranged over the longitudinal axis in the crotch region and which branches to the back and / or the front of the article.

In some embodiments, there is no channel associated with the longitudinal axis 80 ' or the core is congruent. When present as pairs symmetrical about the longitudinal axis, the channels may be spaced apart along their entire longitudinal dimension. The smallest distance may be for example at least 5 mm or at least 10 mm or at least 16 mm.

In addition, to reduce the risk of liquid leakage, the longitudinal main channels typically do not extend to any of the edges of the absorbent material deposition region 8th and are therefore completely enclosed within the absorbent material deposition region of the core. As a rule, the smallest distance between a channel and the nearest edge of the absorbent material deposition region is at least 5 mm.

The channels may have a width Wc along at least a portion of their length which is at least 2 mm or at least 3 mm or at least 4 mm up to, for example, 20 mm or 16 mm or 12 mm. The width of the channel may be constant through substantially the entire length of the channel or may vary along its length.

At least some or all of the channels are advantageously permanent channels, ie, their integrity is partially maintained both in the dry state and in the wet state. Durable channels can be obtained by providing one or more adhesive materials, for example the fibrous layer of adhesive material or a structural adhesive, which helps, for example, a substrate to adhere to an absorbent material within the walls of the channel. Permanent channels may also be provided, in particular, by connecting the top and bottom of the core wrap (eg, the first substrate 16 and the second 16 ' ) are formed by the channels. Typically, an adhesive may be used to bond both sides of the core wrap together through the channels, but bonding is possible via other known means, such as compression bonding, ultrasonic bonding or heat sealing, or combinations thereof. The core wrap may be continuously bonded or intermittently bonded along the channels. The channels may advantageously remain visible or at least through the topsheet and / or backsheet when the absorbent article is completely loaded with a liquid, as disclosed in the Wet Channel Integrity Test. This can be achieved by producing the channels substantially non-SAP so that they do not swell, and by making them large enough so that they do not close off in the wet. In addition, binding the core wrap to itself through the channels may be advantageous. The Wet Channel Integrity Test described below can be used to test whether channels are wet, permanent, visible, and to what extent. Advantageously, a durable channel of the invention has a percentage integrity of at least: 20% or 30% or 40% or 50% or 60 or 70% 80% or 90% according to the wet channel integrity test described below.

Barrier leg cuffs 34

The absorbent article may be a pair of barrier leg cuffs 34 and / or sealing cuffs 32 include. US 3,860,003 describes a disposable diaper that provides a contractible leg opening with a side bolster and one or more elastic members to provide an elastic leg cuff (a cuff). US4,808,178 and US4,909,803 , assigned to Aziz et al., describe disposable diapers having elasticized "upstanding" crotches (pelvic leg cuffs) which improve leg area containment. US4,695,278 and US 4,795,454 , issued to Lawson and to Dragoo, describe disposable diapers having dual cuffs, including gasketing cuffs and barrier leg cuffs. The entirety or a portion of the barrier leg and / or sealing cuffs may be treated with a lotion.

The barrier leg cuffs 32 can be formed from a piece of material, usually a nonwoven, which is partially joined to the rest of the article, such that a portion of the material, the barrier leg cuffs, can be partially lifted and raised from the plane defined by the topsheet when the article as in 1 shown being pulled flat. The barrier leg cuffs can provide improved containment of fluids and other body wastes at the junction of the wearer's torso and legs. The barrier leg cuffs extend at least partially between the front edge and the rear edge of the diaper on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis and are present at least in the longitudinal position of the crotch point (C). The barrier leg cuffs are from a proximal edge 64 which is associated with the rest of the article, usually the topsheet and / or the backsheet, and a free end edge 66 which is to touch the skin of the wearer and form a closure with it. The barrier leg cuffs are at the proximal edge 64 with the basic unit of the article through a binding 65 which can be made, for example, by gluing, direct bonding or a combination of known binders. The connection 65 at the proximal edge 64 can be continuous or intermittent. The side of the bond 65 closest to the raised portion of the barrier leg cuffs 32 is limited to the proximal edge 64 the protruding portion of the leg cuffs.

The distance between the proximal edges 64 the Sperrbeinbündchen 32 (usually as between the insides of the bindings 65 measured) defines the dry width Wd and the wet width Ww of the article at the crotch point (C). In a child diaper, the dry width Wd, as measured between the proximal edges of the barrier leg cuffs, may typically be in the range of 70 mm to 200 mm. 3 shows the article of 2 after loading with a liquid. The wet width Ww may typically be smaller than the dry width Wd since the absorbent core of the invention may contract laterally when wet as it expands toward the topsheet and backsheet.

The barrier leg cuffs 32 may be formed integrally with the topsheet or the backsheet, or may usually be formed of a separate material joined to the remainder of the article. Typically, the fabric of the barrier leg cuffs may extend the full length of the diapers, but will be "glued" to the topsheet toward the front edge and the back edge of the article so that in these sections the barrier leg cuff material remains flush with the topsheet. Each barrier leg cuff 34 can have one, two or more elastic cords 35 near this free end edge 66 to provide a better seal.

In addition to the barrier leg cuffs 34 the article can seal cuffs 32 comprise, which are connected to the basic unit of the absorbent article, in particular the upper layer and / or the lower layer, and can be arranged outside the Sperrbeinbündchen. The gaskets may provide a better seal around the thighs of the wearer. Typically, each seal leg cuff comprises one or more elastic cords or elastic member included in the base unit of the diaper, for example, between the topsheet and the backsheet in the region of the leg openings.

Recording distribution system 50

The absorbent articles of the invention comprise a receiving distribution system 50 (herein "ADS"). The function of the ADS is to quickly pick up liquid and efficiently distribute it to the absorbent core. The ADS may comprise one, two or more layers, provided that the ADS does not comprise a layer comprising at least 50% by weight of synthetic fibers and having a basis weight above 150 g / m ² . If the ADS comprises multiple layers, they may be bonded together to form a composite layer, or remain separate layers that are more or less attached together. If the ads comprises two layers, it may have a recording layer 52 For example, a relatively low basis weight nonwoven layer based on synthetic fibers and a distribution layer 54 , which have a higher basis weight and may comprise at least 50% of crosslinked cellulose fibers include, but the invention is not limited to this example.

As a rule, the ADS does not include an SAP because it can slow down the uptake and distribution of the fluid. The prior art discloses many types of recording distribution systems, see, for example WO2000 / 59430 (Daley), WO95 / 10996 (Richards), US5,700,254 (McDowall) WO02 / 067809 (Graef). The ADS may include, but not necessarily, two layers: a distribution layer and a receiving layer, which will now be explained in more detail by way of example.

distribution layer 54

The function of a distribution layer 54 is the distribution of the incoming liquid over a larger surface area within the article, so that the absorbency of the core can be used more efficiently. Typically, distribution layers are made from a nonwoven material based on synthetic fibers or cellulosic fibers and have a relatively low density. The density of the spreading layer may vary depending on the compression of the article, but may usually be in the range of 0.03 to 0.25 g / cm ³ , especially 0.05 to 0.15 g / cm ³ , measured at 2 , 07 kPa (0.30 psi) lie. The distribution layer 54 may also be a material having a water retention capacity of from 25 to 60, preferably from 30 to 45, measured as in US5,137,537 disclosed methods. The distribution layer may usually have an average basis weight of 30 to 400 g / m ² , in particular from 100 to 300 g / m ² .

The distribution layer may contain, for example, at least 50% by weight of crosslinked cellulose fibers. The crosslinked cellulosic fibers may be crimped, twisted or curled, or a combination thereof, including crimped, twisted and curled. This type of material has been used in the past in disposable diapers as part of a containment system, for example US 2008/0312622 A1 (Hundorf). The crosslinked cellulosic fibers provide higher resilience and therefore higher resistance to compression of the first absorbent layer in product packaging or conditions of use, e.g. B. under the weight of a baby. This provides the core with higher void volume, higher permeability and liquid absorption, and thus reduced leakage and improved dryness.

Exemplary chemically crosslinked cellulosic fibers suitable for a distribution layer are disclosed in U.S. Pat US5,549,791 . US5,137,537 . WO9534329 or US2007 / 118087 disclosed. Exemplary crosslinkers include polycarboxylic acids, such as citric acid, and / or polyacrylic acids, such as acrylic acid and maleic acid copolymers. For example, the crosslinked cellulosic fibers may have between about 0.5 mole% and about 10.0 mole% of a C2-C9 polycarboxylic acid crosslinking agent, calculated on a cellulose anhydroglucose mole basis, reacted with the fibers in an intrafiber ester crosslink bonding form. The C2-C9 polycarboxylic acid crosslinking agent can be selected from the group consisting of:
aliphatic and alicyclic C 2 -C 9 polycarboxylic acids having two carboxyl groups per molecule and one carbon-carbon double bond in alpha, beta position on one or both of the carboxyl groups, one carboxyl group in the C 2 -C 9 polycarboxylic acid crosslinking agent of a second carboxyl group is separated by either two or three carbon atoms. In particular, the fibers may comprise between about 1.5 mole% and about 6.0 mole% crosslinking agent, calculated on a cellulose anhydroglucose mole basis, which is reacted therewith in the form of intrafiber-ester crosslink bonds. The crosslinking agent may be selected from the group consisting of citric acid, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid and 1,2,3-propane tricarboxylic acid, especially citric acid.

Polyacrylic acid crosslinking agents may also be selected from polyacrylic acid-polyacrylic acid homopolymers, copolymers of acrylic acid and mixtures thereof. The fibers may comprise between 1.0% and 10.0% by weight, preferably between 3% and 7% by weight, of these crosslinking agents, calculated on a dry fiber weight basis, which may be in the form of intrafiber Crosslinks are implemented. The crosslinking agent may be a polyacrylic acid polymer having a molecular weight of 500 to 40,000, preferably 1,000 to 20,000. The polymeric polyacrylic acid crosslinking agent may be a copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid, especially wherein the weight ratio of acrylic acid is from 10: 1 to 1: 1, preferably from 5: 1 to 1.5: 1. An effective amount of citric acid may further be mixed with the polymeric polyacrylic acid crosslinking agent.

The spreading layer comprising crosslinked cellulose fibers may comprise other fibers, but this layer may advantageously be at least 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or even up to 100% by weight of the layer of crosslinked cellulose fibers (including the crosslinking agents). Examples of such a mixed layer of crosslinked cellulose fibers may comprise about 70% by weight of chemically crosslinked cellulose fibers, about 10% by weight of polyester fibers (PET fibers), and about 20% by weight of untreated pulp fibers. In another example, the layer of crosslinked cellulosic fibers may comprise about 70% by weight chemically crosslinked cellulosic fibers, about 20% by weight lyocell fibers, and about 10% by weight PET fibers. In another example, the layer may comprise about 68% by weight of chemically crosslinked cellulosic fibers, about 16% by weight of untreated pulp fibers, and about 16% by weight of PET fibers. In another example, the layer of crosslinked cellulosic fibers may comprise about 90-100 wt.% Of chemically crosslinked cellulosic fibers.

recording layer 52

The absorbent article 20 can be a recording layer 52 whose function is to rapidly pick up the liquid from the topsheet to provide dryness to the wearer. The recording layer 52 is usually arranged directly under the. If present, the distribution layer may be at least partially disposed below the receiving layer. The recording layer can usually be one Nonwoven material, for example an SMS or SMMS material, a melt spun, a meltblown and another meltblown layer, or alternatively a carded chemically bonded nonwoven fabric. This can be latex-bound in particular. Exemplary upper acquisition layers 52 are in US 7,786,341 disclosed. Hardened, resin bonded nonwoven fabrics may be used, particularly if the fibers used are solid and round or round and hollow PET-PET staple fibers (50/50 or 40/60 blend of 6 denier and 9 denier fibers). An exemplary binder is butadiene / styrene latex. Nonwovens have the advantage that they can be produced and stored outside the processing chain and used as a roll of material.

Other suitable nonwovens are in US Pat. No. 6,645,569 to Cramer et al. U.S. Patent No. 6,863,933 to Cramer et al. U.S. Patent No. 7,112,621 to Rohrbaugh et al. and co-pending patent applications US2003 / 148684 to Cramer et al. and US2005 / 008839 to Cramer et al. described.

The recording layer 52 can be stabilized by a latex binder, for example a styrene-butadiene latex binder (SB latex). Methods for obtaining such grids are for example EP 149 880 (Kwok) and US 2003/0105190 (Diehl et al.). In certain embodiments, the binder may be in the receiving layer 52 to be greater than about 12% by weight, about 14% by weight or about 16% by weight. SB latex is available under the trade name GENFLO ^™ 3160 (OMNOVA Solutions Inc., Akron, Ohio, USA).

In addition to a first recording layer described above, an additional recording layer can additionally be used. For example, a tissue layer may be disposed between the first acquisition layer and the distribution layer. The tissue may have improved capillary distribution properties than the receptor layer described above. The tissue and the first acquisition layer may be the same size or a different size, for example, the tissue layer may extend farther back in the absorbent article than the first acquisition layer. An example of a hydrophilic tissue with 13-15 g / m ^2, very wet strength, made of cellulose fibers of the supplier Havix.

fastening system 42 . 44

The absorbent article may include a fastening system. The fastening system may be used to provide lateral tensions around the periphery of the absorbent article to hold the absorbent article to the wearer, as is conventional with glued diapers. This fastening system is not necessary for the article of trousers for toilet training because the waist area of these articles is already glued. The fastening system typically includes a fastener such as adhesive tape tabs, Velcro® Velcro fastener components, interlocking fasteners such as tabs and slots, buckles, buttons, snaps, and / or hermaphroditic fastening components, although any other known fastener is generally acceptable. An impact zone is normally provided on the front waist region to releasably secure the fastener. Some exemplary surface mount systems are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,135,074 US 3,848,594 . US 4,662,875 . US 4,846,815 . US 4,894,060 . US 4,946,527 . 5,151,092 and US 5,221,274 , issued to Buell. An exemplary interlocking fastening system is shown in FIG US 6,432,098 disclosed. The fastening system may also provide a means for holding the article in a disposal configuration as disclosed in U.S. Pat US 4,963,140 issued to Robertson et al.

The fastening system may also include primary and secondary fastening systems, as in US4,699,622 disclosed to reduce shifting overlapping portions or to improve the fit, as in US5,242,436 . US5,499,978 . US5,507,736 and US5,591,152 disclosed.

Front and rear wings 46 . 40

The absorbent article may have front wings 46 and rear wings 40 include, as is known in the art. The wings can be an integral part of the basic unit and be formed, for example, from the upper layer and / or the lower layer as a side panel. In an alternative, they can, as in 1 shown to be separate elements that are attached by gluing and / or heat embossing or pressure bonding. The rear wings 40 are advantageously extensible to the attachment of the tabs 42 at the impact zone 40 to facilitate and keep the glued diapers at the waist of the wearer. The rear wings 40 may also be elastic or stretchable to provide a more comfortable and snug fit by initially adapting the absorbent article to the wearer and maintaining that fit well throughout the wear period, well after the absorbent article has worn Since the elasticized wings allow the sides of the absorbent article to stretch and contract.

Elastic waist element

The absorbent article may also include at least one elastic waist feature (not shown) that aids in improved fit and retention

The elastic waist feature is generally intended to elastically stretch and contract to dynamically conform to the wearer's waist. The elastic waist member preferably extends at least longitudinally outwardly from at least one waist edge of the absorbent core 28 and generally forms at least a portion of the end edge of the absorbent article. Disposable diapers can be designed to have two elastic waist members, one in the front waist region and one in the back waist region. The elastic waist feature may be constructed in a number of different configurations, including those described in U.S. Pat US 4,515,595 . US 4,710,189 . US 5,151,092 and US 5,221,274 are described.

Relationships between the layers

Conventionally, adjacent layers and components are bonded together using a conventional bonding method, such as adhesive coating by a track coating or spraying on all or part of the surface of the layer or heat bonding or pressure bonding or combinations thereof. This binding is not shown in the figures for the sake of clarity and readability (except for the bond between the raised element of the leg cuffs 65 and the upper class 24 ), but the bond between the layers of the article should be considered as existing, if not expressly excluded. Adhesives can usually be used to improve the adhesion of the various layers, for example, between the backsheet and the core wrap. The adhesive can be any conventional hot melt adhesive known in the art.

If a recording layer 52 is present, it may be advantageous that this recording layer in the longitudinal and / or transverse dimension greater than or at least as large as the distribution layer 54 is. Thus, the distribution layer 52 be deposited on the recording layer. This simplifies the handling, in particular the receiving layer is a nonwoven, which can be unrolled from a roll of stock material. The spreading layer may also be attached directly to the absorbent core of the core wrap or other layer of the article. It also allows a recording layer 52 , which is larger than the distribution layer, a direct sticking of the recording layer to the memory core (in the larger areas). This can result in increased area integrity and better fluid communication.

The absorbent core and in particular its absorbent material deposition region 8th may advantageously be at least as large and long and advantageously at least partially larger and / or longer than the acquisition distribution system (ADS). This is because the absorbent material in the core can typically retain more effective fluid and provide dryness benefits over a larger area than the ADS. The absorbent article may have a rectangular SAP layer and a non-rectangular (shaped) ADS. The absorbent article may also have a rectangular (non-formed) ADS and a rectangular layer of SAP.

Method of making the article

The absorbent articles of the invention may be prepared by any conventional method known in the art. In particular, the articles may be handmade or manufactured industrially at high speed.

experimental arrangement

The values given here are measured according to the procedures given below, unless otherwise specified. All measurements are taken at 21 ± 2 ° C and 50 ± 20% rel. Aviat. unless otherwise stated. All samples should be kept for at least 24 hours under these conditions to equilibrate prior to performing the assays unless otherwise stated. All measurements should be reproduced on at least 4 samples and the mean indicated unless otherwise stated.

Centrifuge retention capacity (CRC)

The CRC measures the fluid absorbed by the superabsorbent polymer particles for free swelling in excess fluid. The CRC is measured according to the EDANA method WSP 241.2-05.

Absorbent article thickness testing

Equipment: Manual Mitutoyo thickness gauge with a resolution of 0.01 mm - or equivalent instrument.

Contact foot: Flat round base with a diameter of 17.0 mm (± 0.2 mm). A circular weight may be applied to the foot (eg, a weight having a slot to facilitate application about the instrument shaft) to reach the target weight. The total weight of foot and added weight (including shaft) is selected to apply a pressure of 2.07 kPa (0.30 psi) to the sample. When a spring is present to press the foot against the sample, the spring is removed from the device so that the device actually exerts a pressure of 2.07 kPa.

The thickness gauge is attached to the lower surface of the contact foot in a horizontal plane so that the lower surface of the contact foot contacts the center of the flat horizontal upper surface of a base plate approximately 20 x 25 cm. The meter is set to zero with the contact base resting on the baseplate.
Ruler: Calibrated metal ruler, graduation in mm.
Stopwatch: Accuracy 1 second

Sample preparation:

When the absorbent articles are provided in a package, the sample articles to be tested are taken out of the central region of the package. If the pack contains more than 4 items, the outermost two items on each side of the pack will not be used in the exam. If the package contains more than 4 but less than 14 items, more than one item pack is required to complete the check. If the package contains 14 or more items, only one package of items is required to complete the check. If the package contains 4 or fewer articles, all articles in the package are measured and several packages are needed to complete the measurement. Thickness values should be read 24 ± 1 hours after removing the article from the package. The handling of the product should be minimal and limited to only the necessary sample preparation.

Any elastic components of the article that prevent flattening of the article under the foot of the thickness gauge are cut off or removed. These include leg cuffs or waist bands. Pants are opened or cut on side seams when needed. Apply enough tension to smooth out any wrinkles / creases. Touching and / or squeezing the and the ADS surface is avoided.

Carrying out the measurement:

The article is placed flat on a work surface, with the garment side down. A transverse line is drawn across the bodyside surface of the article at the longitudinal plane of crotch point C.

The contact foot of the thickness gauge is raised, and the article is placed on the base plate with the garment side surface side down, so that when lowered, the center of the foot is at the marked measuring point at the crotch point C.

The foot is gently lowered onto the article and released (calibration must be "0" before starting the measurement). The thickness value is read rounded to 0.01 mm 10 seconds after the foot has been released.

The procedure is repeated for each measuring point. If there is a crease at the measurement point, the measurement is made in the area closest to this point but having no wrinkles. Ten articles are measured in this way for a given product, and the average thickness gauge is calculated and reported with an accuracy of one tenth of a mm.

Test of Wet Thickness and Compression Force (Wcacf)

• 1. Man markiert die Längsachse am Absorptionsartikel auf der Oberseite des Artikels. Die Längsachse teilt generell die Oberseite des Artikels bei Betrachtung des Artikels von oben, wie beispielhaft in 1 dargestellt, in zwei etwa symmetrische Stücke entlang der Länge des Absorptionsartikels. Die Oberseite des Artikels ist die Seite, die zum Träger hin angeordnet werden soll. Im Zweifelsfall ist die Oberseite normalerweise hydrophiler als die Unterseite. Die Markierung kann mit jedem Stift erfolgen, wobei darauf geachtet wird, den Artikel während der Markierung nicht zu beschädigen.
• 2. Man markiert die Schrittlinie auf derselben Seite des Absorptionsartikels wie die Längsachse. Die Schrittlinie ist senkrecht zur Längsachse und kreuzt die Längsachse in einem Abstand, der gleich zwei Fünfteln (2/5) der Länge L des Absorptionsartikels ist. Dieser Abstand wird von der Vorderseite des Absorptionsartikels gemessen (siehe 1 für eine beispielhafte Darstellung). Der Schnittpunkt der Schrittlinie und der Längsachse ist der Schrittpunkt C. Die Vorderseite des Absorptionsartikels ist die Seite des Artikels, die zur Vorderseite des Absorptionsartikels angeordnet werden soll.
• 3. Der Absorptionsartikel wird dann in einen großen Überschuss, z. B. 5 l, synthetischen Urin, „Salzlösung”, mit einer Konzentration von 9,00 g NaCl pro 1000 ml Lösung, hergestellt durch Lösen der entsprechenden Menge Natriumchlorid in destilliertem Wasser, eingetaucht. Der Behälter muss groß genug sein, um den Artikel in einer flachen Konfiguration aufzunehmen. Die markierte Seite des Artikels weist während des Eintauchens nach oben.
• 4. Nach 1 Minute in der Salzlösung wird der Absorptionsartikel entnommen und zum Abtropfen vertikal an der Vorderseite für 10 Sekunden gehalten.
• 5. Der Absorptionsartikel wird für 10 Minuten äquilibrieren gelassen, indem er auf einer horizontalen Oberfläche, mit der Oberseite nach unten weisend, flach gezogen wird. Klemmen an der Vorderseite und Rückseite des Artikels können verwendet werden, um den beladenen Artikel flach zu halten.
• 6. Die Dicke des beladenen Absorptionsartikels vor der Kompression wird dann am Schrittpunkt gemessen und als Cinitial angegeben. Für diesen Zweck wird ein Druckerfuß mit einem Durchmesser von 17,0 mm verwendet, und es wird ein Druck von 2,07 kPa (0,30 psi) angelegt. Der Absorptionsartikel wird flach auf eine Plexiglasplatte gelegt, wobei die markierte Seite nach oben weist, und der Druckerfuß wird wird vorsichtig gesenkt, so dass er auf dem Schrittpunkt C zentriert ist. Die Dicke Cinitial wird 30 ± 2 Sekunden nach anfänglichem Kontakt zwischen dem Fuß und dem Artikel gemessen und auf 0,1 mm gerundet angegeben.
• 7. Der beladene Absorptionsartikel mit seiner nach oben weisenden Oberseite wird dann an einem Hartkunststoffzylinder fixiert, wie in 9 schematisch dargestellt. Der Zylinder 600 hat einen Durchmesser d von 150 mm (+– 1 mm). Die letzten 20,0 mm (+– 0,5 mm) der Vorderseite 10 des Artikels werden zunächst mit einem doppelseitigen Klebeband, das vorher am Zylinder angebracht wurde, oder einem anderen Befestigungsmittel an der Außenoberfläche des Zylinder, die am nächsten am Bediener ist, befestigt, so dass der Absorptionsartikel sicher und lösbar am Zylinder befestigt ist. Die letzten 20,0 mm (+– 0,5 mm) der Rückseite 12 des Artikels werden dann an der im Durchmesser gegenüberliegenden des Zylinders in einer ausreichenden Höhe, dass der Schrittpunkt C der 610 des Zylinders 600 entspricht, befestigt.
• 8. Es versteht sich, dass der Zylinder ausreichend hoch sein muss, so dass die Rückseite des Artikels daran befestigt werden kann.
• 9. Der Absorptionsartikel wird dann in Seitenrichtung zusammengedrückt, wie nachstehend ausführlich beschrieben. Druckkräfte werden durch eine Vorrichtung an den Absorptionsartikel angelegt, die ein Paar Kompressionsplatten 630, 640 umfasst, die den Teil der Beine, der den Absorptionsartikel während des Gebrauchs zusammendrückt, simulieren. Jede Kompressionsplatte sollte die Abmessungen 90 mm (+– 1 mm) × 90 mm (+– 1 mm) aufweisen. Die Platten können aus jedem geeigneten Material hergestellt sein, das in die erforderliche flache, quadratische Form gebracht werden kann (z. B. Aluminium, Plexiglas). Die Platten sollten einander gegenüber angeordnet sein. Die Kompressionsplatten werden so angeordnet, dass die Schrittlinie an der Oberseite des Artikels und die geometrische Mitte jeder Kompressionsplatte aufeinander ausgerichtet und in einer horizontalen Ebene sind.
• 10. Jede Kompressionsplatte wird mit einer konstanten Geschwindigkeit von 100 mm/min zum Schrittpunkt hin bewegt (die Gesamtschließgeschwindigkeit beträgt 200 mm/min). Der Spalt zwischen beiden Kompressionsplatten beginnt in einem Abstand von 140,0 mm +– 0,5 mm oder mehr, wenn die Breite des Artikels es erfordert, und verjüngt sich zu einem Endspalt von 40,0 mm +– 0,5 mm, wenn der Absorptionsartikel komprimiert ist. Die Kompressionsplatten können zum Beispiel eine Vorrichtung wie Zwick Z 1,0 oder Ähnliches verwenden. Das. Testinstrument schließt eine rechte Klemme zum Befestigen einer Kompressionsplatte und eine Klemme zum Befestigen einer anderen Kompressionsplatte ein. Die Ausrüstung sollte eine Kraftzelle mit einem geeigneten Messbereich, z. B. bis zu 100 N, und Genauigkeit von mindestens +–0,01 N einschließen.
• 11. Sobald der Absorptionsartikel auf 40 mm komprimiert wurde, wird die Kompression für 30 Sekunden aufrechterhalten. Die Kraft am Ende der 30 Sekunden, unmittelbar bevor die Kompression gelöst wird, wird auf 0,01 N gerundet notiert und als die „Nasskompressionskraft” angegeben. Die Kompressionsplatten können dann mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 100 mm/min für jede Platte in ihre Ausgangspositionen zurückgeführt werden.
• 12. Unmittelbar danach wird der Absorptionsartikel aus dem Zylinder 600 entnommen, wobei darauf geachtet wird, die komprimierte Fläche nicht zu berühren. Wenn etwas Absorptionsmaterial während des Kompressionsschrittes aus der Artikelumwicklung ausgetreten ist, wird dieses ausgetretene Absorptionsmaterial gesammelt und gewogen.
• 13. Die Dicke am Schrittpunkt C wird erneut unter Verwendung des Dickenmessverfahrens, wie vorstehend in Schritt 6 beschrieben, gemessen. Dieser Dickenwert wird als Cfinal notiert.

This test measures a) the percent increase in thickness of a saturated absorbent article after a standard cross-compression, and b) the force required to laterally compress the saturated absorbent article to a width of 40 mm. The WCACF test should be performed on an absorbent article according to the following instructions.

• 1. Mark the longitudinal axis on the absorbent article on top of the article. The longitudinal axis generally divides the top of the article when viewed from above, as exemplified in FIG 1 shown in two approximately symmetrical pieces along the length of the absorbent article. The top of the article is the side to be placed towards the wearer. If in doubt, the top is usually more hydrophilic than the bottom. Marking can be done with any pen, being careful not to damage the article during marking.
• 2. Mark the step line on the same side of the absorbent article as the longitudinal axis. The crotch line is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and crosses the longitudinal axis at a distance equal to two-fifths (2/5) of the length L of the absorbent article. This distance is measured from the front of the absorbent article (see 1 for an exemplary presentation). The intersection of the crotch line and the longitudinal axis is crotch point C. The front side of the absorbent article is the side of the article to be placed to the front of the absorbent article.
• 3. The absorbent article is then placed in a large excess, e.g. B. 5 l, synthetic urine, "saline", with a concentration of 9.00 g NaCl per 1000 ml solution prepared by dissolving the appropriate amount of sodium chloride in distilled water immersed. The container must be large enough to accommodate the article in a flat configuration. The marked side of the article points upward during immersion.
• 4. After 1 minute in the saline, the absorbent article is removed and held vertically at the front for 10 seconds to drain.
• 5. The absorbent article is allowed to equilibrate for 10 minutes by being pulled flat on a horizontal surface, facing upside down. Clamps on the front and back of the item can be used to keep the loaded item flat.
• 6. The thickness of the loaded absorbent article before compression is then measured at the crotch point and reported as Cinitial. For this purpose, a 17 mm diameter presser foot is used and a pressure of 2.07 kPa (0.30 psi) is applied. The absorbent article is placed flat on a plexiglass plate with the marked side facing up, and the printer's foot is gently lowered so that it is centered at the crotch point C. The thickness Cinitial is measured 30 ± 2 seconds after initial contact between the foot and the article and rounded to 0.1 mm.
• 7. The loaded absorbent article with its top facing upwards is then fixed to a hard plastic cylinder as in 9 shown schematically. The cylinder 600 has a diameter d of 150 mm (+ - 1 mm). The last 20.0 mm (+ - 0.5 mm) of the front 10 The article is first attached to the cylinder by a double-sided adhesive tape previously attached to the cylinder or other fastener on the outside surface of the cylinder closest to the operator so that the absorbent article is securely and releasably secured to the cylinder. The last 20.0 mm (+ - 0.5 mm) of the back 12 of the article are then placed on the opposite diameter of the cylinder at a height sufficient that the crotch C of 610 of the cylinder 600 corresponds, attached.
• 8. It is understood that the cylinder must be sufficiently high so that the back of the article can be attached to it.
• 9. The absorbent article is then compressed in the lateral direction as described in detail below. Compressive forces are applied to the absorbent article by a device comprising a pair of compression plates 630 . 640 which simulates the part of the legs that compresses the absorbent article during use. Each compression plate should have dimensions of 90 mm (+ - 1 mm) × 90 mm (+ - 1 mm). The plates can be made of any suitable material which can be made into the required flat, square shape (eg aluminum, Plexiglas). The plates should be arranged opposite each other. The compression plates are arranged so that the crotch line at the top of the article and the geometric center of each compression plate are aligned and in a horizontal plane.
• 10. Each compression plate is moved to the crotch point at a constant speed of 100 mm / min (the total closing speed is 200 mm / min). The gap between both compression plates starts at a distance of 140.0 mm + - 0.5 mm or more, if the width of the article requires it, and tapers to a final gap of 40.0 mm + - 0.5 mm, when the absorbent article is compressed. The compression plates may, for example, use a device such as Zwick Z 1.0 or the like. The. Test instrument includes a right clamp for securing a compression plate and a clamp for fixing another compression plate. The equipment should be a force cell with a suitable measuring range, eg. Up to 100 N, and accuracy of at least + -0.01 N.
• 11. Once the absorbent article has been compressed to 40 mm, the compression is maintained for 30 seconds. The force at the end of the 30 seconds immediately before the compression is released is noted as rounded to 0.01N and reported as the "wet compression force". The compression plates can then be returned to their original positions at a speed of 100 mm / min for each plate.
• 12. Immediately thereafter, the absorbent article becomes out of the cylinder 600 taking care not to touch the compressed surface. When some absorbent material has leaked out of the article wrapping during the compression step, this leaked absorbent material is collected and weighed.
• 13. The thickness at the crotch point C is measured again using the thickness measurement method as described in step 6 above. This thickness value is noted as cfinal.

This procedure is repeated for at least 4 article samples. The relative wet increase (RWCI) of the absorbent article is then calculated as follows: Relative Wet Thickness Increase (%) = (ΣCinal - ΣCitial) · 100 / ΣCitially, where ΣCfinal is the sum of Cfinal values measured for all samples, and ΣCitially the sum of Cinitial values measured for all samples. The value of the relative wet increase in the thickness of the articles according to the invention is less than 32.0%, in particular it may be in the range of 10.0% to 30.0% or of 15.0% to 29.0%.

Experimental part

The following products according to the invention were prepared:

Embodiment 1

Diapers having a shaped absorbent material deposition region and two pairs of channels, similar to the embodiment of FIG 1 were prepared as follows. One pair of channels was relatively long and mostly present in the crotch area of the article, and the other pair was smaller and positioned toward the front of the article. The channels were absorbent material-free, and the top and bottom of the core wrap were secured together by these channels. The width of the channels was uniformly 8 mm, and the projected lengths along the longitudinal axis of the long and short channel article were about 170 mm and 40 mm, respectively. The longer channels were curved and concave to the longitudinal axis of the article, as in 1 shown. The smallest distance between the longer channels was about 16 mm. The smallest distance between the shorter channels was about 14 mm. The smaller channels were also slightly curved.

The absorbent core comprised a total of 11.53 g of fast absorbing SAP applied to a deposition region having a length of 360 mm and a shaped width profile as in 1 shown. The width of the absorbent material deposition region was 110 mm at the front and rear of the deposition region and 90 mm at the crotch point of the absorbent material deposition region. The SAP was distributed so that the basis weight of SAP in the crotch area was higher than in the front area and lower in the back area. There was no profiling of the SAP in the cross direction ("cross machine direction" or "CD"). The absorbent core was formed using SAP-SAP printing technology, as in US2010 / 0051166A1 which combines two nonwoven substrates each carrying an SAP layer and having a microfiber elastic adhesive coated on each SAP layer immobilizing the SAP SAP layer on the substrate. These non-woven substrates form the core wrap by C-wrap for the upper substrate on the lower substrate. Auxiliary Adhesive was applied between the lower SAP layer and its respective lower substrate, which was slot-coated with 41 slots of 1 mm width with a spacing of 1 mm between the slots along the entire length of the core wrap (390 mm). The microfiber adhesive (from HB Fuller) applied to each SAP layer was uniformly applied with a width of 108 mm and a length of 390 mm to each SAP layer, 0.211 g of microfiber adhesive was used on the core cover side and on the dust layer side , The channels were formed using a suitable printing drum, which delimits the channel shape, more information on the formation of channels are in the EP application EP 12174117.7 using SAP printing technology.

The core wrap was 390 mm in length, with two end flaps free of absorbent material having a length of 15 mm at the back and at the front of the absorbent core. The seals at the front and rear ends of the core were slit-die-bonded to each other with the traces of adhesive being 30mm from the front-end closure and 20mm from the rear-end closure. The folded width of the core wrap was 120 mm. The core wrap included two nonwovens, with the top substrate ( 16 in 1 , referred to as "core cover") was an SMMS nonwoven fabric of 10 g / m ² treated with a surfactant to become hydrophilic. The lower substrate ( 16 ' in 1 , referred to as "dust layer") was an SMMS nonwoven fabric of 11 g / m ² . The core cover was cut at a length of 390 mm and a cutting width of 165 mm. The dust layer had a cutting length of 390 mm and a cutting width of 130 mm. The core cover was C-wound around the dust layer on the lateral sides of the core and the side edges of the dust layer while being slightly upwardly formed at the edge of the absorbent material of the core, so that the total width of the folded core turn was about 120 mm.

The core cover and the dust layer were connected by the channels. The bond was formed by the auxiliary adhesive and the microfiber adhesive discussed above. The bond was strong.

The acquisition distribution system was characterized by a take-up latex nonwoven fabric layer of 60 g / m ² and 298 mm long and 90 mm wide and a distribution layer of cross-linked cellulose fibers 298 mm long and 80 mm wide with a uniform thickness Basis weight of 181 g / m ² formed. The receiving layer was adhered to the spreading layer, and the spreading layer was adhered to the nonwoven core cover by means of slot die coating. The topsheet was a 12-g / m ² and the backsheet -Vliesstoff an impermeable film of 16 g / m ^2.

The leg cuffs were similar to the leg cuffs 1 - 2 and comprised two 478 mm long and 77 mm wide nonwovens with on each side of the diaper. The leg cuffs were stitched at a distance of 100 mm from the front and 91 mm from the back of the edges of the diaper at a distance of 4 mm from the free edge. The nonwoven fabrics were directly bonded along their length to the top layer with a continuous bond width of 3 mm along their bond line. A 1 mm wide adhesive trace was also applied along the continuous bond between the leg cuff material and the topsheet. The distance between the continuous bonds was 148 mm (this distance corresponded to Wd). The sealing cuffs (the part of the cuffs that was raised) were filled with three lines of elastic adhesive (ref. 33 in the figures) on the side of the cuffs, starting at 75 mm from the front edge of the diaper and along a length of 266 mm for the two outermost lines and 301 mm for the innermost elasticized. The raised barrier leg cuffs were with two elastic parts (Bez. 35 in Fig.), each in the vicinity of an end edge (Bez. 66 in the figures) which were arranged, elasticized. These elastic parts had a preload of 300%, a contracted cut length of 119.5 mm. The length of the glued elastic parts was 298 mm. The various components of the diapers were assembled in a conventional manner, usually by gluing or direct bonding, unless otherwise specified.

Embodiment 2:

This example was carried out in the same manner as Example 1 with the following differences. The distribution area of the absorbent material (SAP) was rectangular to an SAP deposition width of 110 mm and comprised only a pair of absorbent material-free channels in the crotch area of the absorbent article, as exemplified in FIG 4 - 8th shown, and a total of SAP of 14.1 g. The channels were symmetrical about the longitudinal axis 80 and had a projected length of about 227 mm, a width of about 8 mm and a shortest of each other of 20 mm. Another difference from Example 1 was that the dust layer was an SMMS nonwoven fabric of 10 g / m ² . The microfiber adhesive (from H. Fuller) applied to each SAP layer was uniformly applied with a width of 108 mm and a length of 390 mm to each SAP layer, 0.211 g of microfiber adhesive was applied to the core cover side and 0.168 g the dust layer side used. The auxiliary adhesive was applied between the upper SAP and its upper substrate. The acquisition distribution system was characterized by a latex-bonded non-woven fabric receiving layer of 43 g / m ² and 318 mm long and 90 mm wide a spreading layer of crosslinked cellulose fibers having a length of 290 mm and a width of 80 mm with a uniform basis weight of 176 g / m ² formed.

The topsheet was a 15 g / m ² and the backsheet -Vliesstoff an impermeable film of 16 g / m ^2. As in the previous examples, the core cover was C-wrapped around the dust layer, and both layers were permanently bonded through the channels.

Comparative Example 1

The comparative example was prepared in the same manner as Example 1, except that the absorbent core did not comprise any channels.

Products from the prior art

Commercially available products with a conventional absorbent core comprising a blend of SAP and large amounts of cellulosic fluff (> 40%) were also tested, all in size 4. The first product was Pampers Baby- ^Dry® , available in Germany in October 2012 The second product was a diaper from another Libero ^® brand supplier with material free channels inside the absorbent core.

TEST RESULTS

The relative wet increase (RWCI) and wet compression force were measured for each of the above products on at least 4 samples for each product. RWCI (%) Wet compression force (N) Embodiment 1 19.7 24.9 Example 2 of the invention 28.6 23.6 Comparative Example 1 33.2 16.5 Pampers Baby- ^Dry® 43.2 12.3 Product 1 from another supplier 41.9 15.3

The products of the invention were the only ones that combined a low relative wet increase in thickness with an acceptable wet compression force below 27.0N.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein should not be construed as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values given. Instead, if not stated, each of these dimensions shall mean both the specified value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding this value. For example, a dimension disclosed as "40mm" shall mean "about 40mm".

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

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Claims (50)

Absorbent article ( 20 ) for personal hygiene, wherein the absorbent article has a front edge ( 10 ), a rear edge ( 12 ), a longitudinal axis ( 80 ) extending longitudinally of the article, the article having a length L of at least 320 mm measured along the longitudinal axis from the leading edge to the trailing edge, the absorbent article comprising: - a liquid pervious topsheet ( 24 ), - a liquid impermeable backsheet ( 25 ), - an absorbent core ( 28 ) between the topsheet and the backsheet, wherein the absorbent core comprises a core wrap ( 16 . 16 ' ) comprising an absorption material ( 60 ), wherein the absorbent material comprises a high amount of superabsorbent polymers ("SAP"), based on the weight of the absorbent material, the absorbent core having at least one channel ( 26 . 26 ' ), which is at least partially aligned longitudinally of the article, a receiving distribution system (ADS) between the topsheet and the absorbent core, the ADS comprising one, two or more layers, the absorbent article having a relative wet increase in density (RWCI). of less than 32.0% as measured by the wet thickness and compression force (WCACF) test described herein. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the ADS does not comprise a layer comprising at least 50% by weight of synthetic fibers and having a basis weight above 150 g / m 2. The absorbent article according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the absorbent article has a relative wet thickness increase value of 10.0% to 30.0%. An absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the absorbent article has a wet compression force, as measured by the wet thickness and compression force (WCACF) test described herein, of less than 27.0N. The absorbent article of claim 4, wherein the absorbent article has a wet compression force, as measured by the wet thickness and compression force test described herein, of from 5.0 N to 25.0 N. Absorbent article according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one pair of channels ( 26 . 26 ' ). The absorbent article of claim 6, wherein the channels of the pair of channels are arranged symmetrically about the longitudinal axis. Absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one channel is arranged on the longitudinal axis ( 80 ) of the article, which is at least 10% of the length L of the absorbent article. The absorbent article of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one channel is substantially absorbent material-free and has a width in at least a portion of the channel of at least 2 mm. Absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core wrap comprises a first nonwoven fabric ( 16 ) and a second nonwoven fabric ( 16 ' ), and wherein the first nonwoven fabric forms a C wrap around the second nonwoven fabric. Absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the uptake distribution system comprises at least one distribution layer ( 54 ) comprising at least 50% by weight of crosslinked cellulose fibers. An absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the periphery of the absorbent material within the core wrap is an absorbent material material deposition region ( 8th ), and wherein the absorbent material deposition region is rectangular or formed with a width narrower at the crotch point than the maximum width of the absorbent material deposition region, the crotch point being defined as the point spaced two-fifths apart (2 / 5) of L is located from the front edge of the absorbent article along the longitudinal axis. An absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the absorbent core comprises a first absorbent layer and a second absorbent layer, the first absorbent layer being a first substrate (14). 16 ) and a first layer of superabsorbent polymers ( 61 ), the second absorption layer comprises a second substrate ( 16 ' ) and a second layer of superabsorbent polymers ( 62 ) and a fibrous thermoplastic adhesive material ( 51 ) at least partially bonds the layers of superabsorbent polymers to their respective substrates, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate form the core wrap. An absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the absorbent material comprises at least 80% by weight of the absorbent material of superabsorbent polymers. Absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the absorbent material ( 60 ) of the absorbent core to less than 10% by weight or less than 5% by weight of natural or synthetic fibers or substantially free of natural or synthetic fibers. An absorbent core according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one channel is permanent. The absorbent article of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core wrap comprises a top and a bottom, and the top and bottom are bonded together by at least a portion of the at least one channel. The absorbent article of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one channel has a percent integrity of at least 20% as measured by the wet channel integrity test described herein. The absorbent article of any of claims 16 to 18, wherein the top and bottom are bonded together by at least a portion of the channel or channels by means of an adhesive. The absorbent article of any of claims 16 to 18, wherein the top and bottom are bonded together by at least a portion of the channel or channels by pressure bonding. The absorbent article of any of claims 16 to 18, wherein the top and bottom are bonded together by at least a portion of the channel or channels by ultrasonic bonding. The absorbent article of any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the top and bottom are bonded together by at least a portion of the channel or channels by heat bonding. The absorbent article of any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the top and bottom are bonded together by at least a portion of the channel or channels by adhesive and pressure bonding and / or heat sealing. An absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the absorbent core comprises from 5 g to 60 g of SAP. The absorbent article of claim 24, comprising from 10 g to 50 g of SAP. An absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the thickness of the article measured at the crotch point according to the Absorbent Article Thickness Test as described herein is from 4.0 mm to 12.0 mm. Absorbent article ( 20 ) for personal hygiene, wherein the absorbent article has a front edge ( 10 ), a rear edge ( 12 ), a longitudinal axis ( 80 ) which extends longitudinally of the article, the article having a length L of at least 320 mm as measured along the longitudinal axis from the leading edge to the trailing edge, the absorbent article comprising: - a liquid pervious topsheet ( 24 ), - a liquid impermeable backsheet ( 25 ), - an absorbent core ( 28 ) between the topsheet and the backsheet, wherein the absorbent core comprises a core wrap ( 16 . 16 ' ) comprising an absorption material ( 60 ), wherein the absorption material a high amount of superabsorbent polymers ("SAP"), based on the weight of the absorbent material, wherein the absorbent core comprises at least one channel ( 26 . 26 ' ), which is at least partially aligned in the longitudinal direction of the article, a receiving distribution system (ADS) between the topsheet and the absorbent core, the ADS comprising one, two or more layers, the thickness of the article measured at the crotch point according to the Absorbent article caliper testing as described herein is from 4.0 mm to 12.0 mm, the absorbent article having a Wet Thickness Increase (RWCI) value of less than 32.0%, as measured by the wet thickness and compression force test described herein (WCACF). The absorbent article of claim 27, wherein the absorbent article has a relative wet thickness increase value of from 10.0% to 30.0%. The absorbent article of any of claims 27 to 28, wherein the absorbent article has a wet compression force, as measured by the wet thickness and compression force (WCACF) test described herein, of less than 27.0N. The absorbent article of claim 29, wherein the absorbent article has a wet compression force, as measured by the wet thickness and compression force test described herein, of from 5.0 N to 25.0 N. Absorbent article according to any one of claims 27 to 30, comprising at least one pair of channels ( 26 . 26 ' ). The absorbent article of claim 31, wherein the channels of the pair of channels are arranged symmetrically about the longitudinal axis. Absorbent article according to any one of claims 27 to 32, wherein at least one channel is arranged on the longitudinal axis ( 80 ) of the article, which is at least 10% of the length L of the absorbent article. The absorbent article of any one of claims 27 to 33, wherein the at least one channel is substantially absorbent material-free and has a width in at least a portion of the channel of at least 2 mm. An absorbent article according to any of claims 27 to 34, wherein the core wrap comprises a first nonwoven fabric ( 16 ) and a second nonwoven fabric ( 16 ' ), and wherein the first nonwoven fabric forms a C wrap around the second nonwoven fabric. Absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the uptake distribution system comprises at least one distribution layer ( 54 ) comprising at least 50% by weight of crosslinked cellulose fibers. The absorbent article of any one of claims 27 to 36, wherein the periphery of the absorbent material within the core wrap comprises an absorbent material absorbent material deposition region ( 8th ), and wherein the absorbent material deposition region is rectangular or is formed with a width narrower than the maximum width of the absorbent material deposition region at the crotch point (C), the crotch point being at a distance of two fifths (2/5) of L from the front edge of the absorbent article is arranged on the longitudinal axis. An absorbent article according to any one of claims 27 to 37, wherein the absorbent core comprises a first absorbent layer and a second absorbent layer, the first absorbent layer being a first substrate (14). 16 ) and a first layer of superabsorbent polymers ( 61 ), the second absorption layer comprises a second substrate ( 16 ' ) and a second layer of superabsorbent polymers ( 62 ) and a fibrous thermoplastic adhesive material ( 51 ) at least partially bonds the layers of superabsorbent polymers to their respective substrates, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate form the core wrap. An absorbent article according to any one of claims 27 to 38, wherein the absorbent material comprises at least 80% by weight of the absorbent material of superabsorbent polymers. Absorbent article according to any one of claims 27 to 39, wherein the absorbent material ( 60 ) of the absorbent core to less than 10% by weight or less than 5% by weight of natural or synthetic fibers or substantially free of natural or synthetic fibers. The absorbent core of any one of claims 27 to 40, wherein the at least one channel is permanent. The absorbent article of any of claims 27 to 41, wherein the core wrap comprises a top and a bottom and the top and bottom are bonded together by at least a portion of the at least one channel. The absorbent article of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one channel has a percent integrity of at least 20% as measured by the wet channel integrity test described herein. An absorbent article according to any one of claims 41 to 43, wherein the top and bottom are bonded together by at least a portion of the channel (s) by means of an adhesive. The absorbent article of any one of claims 41 to 43, wherein the top and bottom are bonded together by at least a portion of the channel or channels by pressure bonding. The absorbent article of any one of claims 41 to 43, wherein the top and bottom are bonded together by at least a portion of the channel or channels by ultrasonic bonding. The absorbent article of any one of claims 41 to 43, wherein the top and bottom are bonded together by at least a portion of the channel or channels by heat bonding. The absorbent article of any one of claims 41 to 43, wherein the top and bottom are bonded together by at least a portion of the channel or channels by adhesive and pressure bonding and / or heat sealing. The absorbent article of any of claims 27 to 48, wherein the absorbent core comprises from 5 g to 60 g of SAP. Absorbent article according to claim 49, comprising from 10 g to 50 g of SAP.

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