ES2930702A1 - Easy maintenance recessed vegetation growing system (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Easy-to-maintain embedded vegetation cultivation system, comprising: - a continuous, treadable exterior surface (1), formed in a unitary manner, covering the interior surfaces of the spaces and surrounding flexible surfaces (2) that protect the plants, - an underlying support structure (3); - a drained container (4) that defines an interior cavity that contains the roots of the plants and some irrigation networks and auxiliary facilities for cultivation, - some tongues (5) for cleaning the surface around and under the plants, - some planters (8) with fastening hooks, - a structural network of flexible trusses (6) for supporting and fastening the planters (8) inside the container (4), - a water supply conduit (7) with connections and irrigation hoses of the planters (8) and, (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Easy maintenance recessed vegetation growing system

Technical sector

The present invention refers to an easy-to-maintain embedded vegetation cultivation system, applicable in architecture, interior design and industrial cultivation systems.

It is a more convenient, hygienic and visually subtle way of growing and maintaining plants in built environments, particularly urban environments. It consists of organizing the planters and their networks and auxiliary mechanisms under the surface of the floor or wall of the space in a modular, safe and accessible way, exposing only the green parts of the plants. The automated and programmable irrigation, cleaning and ventilation functions, as well as the geometry of the cultivation spaces are designed to minimize maintenance and supervision tasks by its users.

The system in question was born with the aim of improving the living conditions of people who spend a lot of time indoors by providing a simple and productive way of interacting with the vegetation without significant maintenance efforts. It is also a tool that provides modern buildings with the ability to meet some of their material needs by allowing edible vegetation to be grown in built spaces with reasonable productivity, improving the overall resilience and sustainability of modern urban spaces.

Prior state of the art.

Growing plants and building-integrated vegetation today is done in a variety of ways, each with its advantages and disadvantages.

Traditional flower pots and planters take up a lot of space and have no place in certain places as they interfere with their use; they are also low cost and physically demanding and laborious but simple to maintain.

The more contemporary and abstract solutions such as green walls are convenient because they do not interfere with the use of spaces, but require care. expensive and constant, which is why they are appropriate only in cases where there is sufficient interest and ability to pay for said vertical gardens (symbolic spaces, monuments, public uses, etc.). In turn, this type of crop promotes a rather decorative function of the vegetation and does not contribute much in terms of the interaction of people with plants, both in the environmental sense, psychological well-being, and in the sense of source of energy. alternative food or as a way to strengthen community social interactions, just as urban gardens and orchards do.

Finally, industrial culture systems developed for agriculture, related to intensive hydroponic systems or on inert culture media, have been widely used and improved considerably in recent decades. These semi-automated systems require skilled labor and almost constant supervision, yet provide high performance and productivity in return. Due to their general complexity, these systems have hardly been used outside the industrial field of large greenhouses, although with the right approach many of their advances could be transferred to modern built spaces, greatly benefiting the urban population.

Explanation of the invention

The system proposed here aims, on the one hand, to make gardening and agriculture accessible to a broader and more general urban population, and on the other, to allow the incorporation of green spaces into many vacant built spaces, with limitations of a nature hygiene, size or maintenance costs.

In general, it is about creating a growing system that is attractive not only to people interested in gardening and agriculture, but to all kinds of people who do not have time or experience with plants.

This solution bases its functionality on a closer and more immediate union between construction and agriculture by means of prefabrication, for which its use in new-build spaces makes more economic and practical sense than as a superficial application on funds. existing buildings. In the context of increasingly widespread complexity and prefabrication in modern construction, it is a system that is not substantially more expensive than other industrial solutions for finishes or façades, although the benefits and capabilities of producing food in the long term make it it an attractive and competitive alternative in the market.

Regarding its operation, this design solution brings together the benefits of several of the previously mentioned cultivation systems. Its basic formal solution is inspired by industrial and hydroponic systems, although with an added element of geometric control and aesthetic consideration in the context of the inhabited spaces, as most of the installation remains hidden from view and only the vegetation appears. where the design allows or requires it.

The precision and productivity typical of industrial cultivation systems are reduced here in favor of a solution with easier and less precise maintenance, with more inertia and safety, taking traditional pot cultivation systems as a reference. In the course of use, the system operates imperceptibly to users and its inertia allows it to remain operational in the event of a lack of supplies or supervision for several days or weeks. This system presents innovative characteristics aimed at its maintenance and requires some sophistication at the time of its manufacture and installation, but this helps to make maintenance in the long run simpler, safer and with a long useful life.

Beyond purely practical functionality, helping cultivation and decorating spaces in an alternative way, the system offers several added benefits related to the psychology of the inhabited space. The first has to do with well-being and emotional health given the proven ability of ambient vegetation to relieve stress, pain and improve people's ability to concentrate. The inclusion of vegetation in everyday environments, especially residential, educational and health, has as its main objective to improve the quality of life of people who spend a lot of time in cities.

According to the invention this system comprises:

- a continuous outer surface,

- a flexible surface that protects plants,

- an underlying support structure;

- an interior cavity formed by a drained container that contains the irrigation networks and other auxiliary installations for cultivation,

- a few tongues for cleaning the surface around and under the soles;

- some planters with fastening hooks,

- a structural network of flexible trusses to support and fasten the planters inside the container,

- a water supply pipe with connections and irrigation hoses from the planters located in the cavity of the container,

- a nozzle to control irrigation and supply of nutrients to the crops and,

This system can additionally incorporate a hydraulic device for driving ventilation air towards the roots of the crop.

The outer surface is formed in a unitary way, covering the interior surfaces of the spaces and surrounding the flexible surfaces that protect the plants, made of a soft and reasonably flexible material, smooth and easy to clean, preferably fixed to the surfaces that it protects by mechanical means. or chemicals. This exterior surface has the function of facilitating washing and maintenance of the spaces under and around the plants.

The flexible protective surface of the plants is made up of a layer of flexible material reinforced with bars of structural material with adequate separations, geometry and resistance to foreseeable uses and loads. This layer of flexible material is attached to the edges of the drained container that forms the cavity that contains the roots of the plants. This flexible surface can be continuous, smooth and impermeable, or it can be formed by loose elements of different geometries fixed to a porous substructure, as long as this, apart from maintaining the structural safety of the system, protects the space of the interior cavity from light. and avoid excessive evaporation of water from planters. The various shapes of the surfaces allow for a certain variety in the designs and ways of arranging the plants and must be adapted to the types of vegetation to be cultivated and to the spaces in which it is contained.

The underlying structure, which supports the surface of the space and forms the interior cavity, of the dimensions and resistance necessary for its use. It can be of various shapes and materials, and it can be part of the joists of the building of which it is a part, but preferably with an organic and rounded profile and with cavities capable of housing the water supply networks, ventilation, or electrical networks. The structure allows water, air and drainage pipes to be carried at the same time, leaving an upper space for maintenance and electrical wiring, if desired.

This section is not strictly necessary, but it shows a possible solution given the need to ventilate the interior cavity that contains the plants; In addition, this geometry effectively connects with the container or bucket that forms the interior cavity, allowing functional ventilation of the system.

The inner cavity comprises a container in the form of a bucket, supported or fixed by other means to the underlying structure, preferably by means of an elastic joint, with a fluid and easy-to-clean geometry, and of smooth material and strong enough to support the weight. of people on their edges, as well as to distribute the weight of the flower boxes and plants on the structure. In principle, the bottom does not require great resistance since its function is solely to evacuate water and to facilitate cleaning, having foreseen that it can incorporate some reinforcement folds to ensure that it is capable of withstanding specific loads due, for example, to falls or other accidents.

In the configuration described here, the bucket or container is formed by a double-bottom structure, although single-bottom solutions may make sense in cases of small sizes or particular geometries. Its interior surface contains several undulations, cavities and holes that contain elements that facilitate the execution of the various functions of the system, maintaining a reasonably fluid, smooth and easy-to-clean general profile.

The bottom of the bucket must be formed or placed in such a way that it has a certain slope and be provided with a drainage and overflow system. Its particular geometric details will be explained in detail later when explaining the functions of the system.

The cleaning tongues and their propulsion system perform routine cleaning of the surface around and under the plants, as well as at the bottom of the indoor grow space under the roots of the plants. The tongues themselves are semi-flexible or rigid elements with joints, elongated, with dimensions and a shape appropriate to the geometry of the space in which they are going to work.

In one embodiment of the invention, the rigid interior part of the tongue comprises, in the space adjacent to the water supply connection valve, a cavity that contains the detergent or laundry soap in cases where it is required. The tongue has a detachable clamp or handle. This handle is connected to a joint that, as a bearing, moves dragging the tongue along the surface to be cleaned.

The propulsion mechanism is located in a slot-guide formed in the wall of the container that forms the interior cavity, and has adequate dimensions, travel, and section for such function, particularly with a slope and orientation that facilitates its drainage, and preferably ventilated. through several holes located in its bottom and connected to an air supply, in this embodiment coming from the interior of the underlying structure.

Said propulsion mechanism can be carried out by various means, with electric motors, tensioned cable systems, belts, etc.

The tongue is preferably located near and above the drainage holes of the container that forms the interior cavity, or in a special slot provided for it, in which case it must be adequately drained to avoid mold and humidity problems that can form in the tongue. language.

For cleaning the tongue after a use cycle, it is sprayed with water from the top of the indentation that contains it, and where required a special piece of flexible material is wrapped around the tongue and dragged along the length of the tongue. the same using a mechanism similar to that of propelling the tongue, removing dirt and squeezing the tongue. This active tongue cleaning system is recommended in cases where a large amount of dirt is expected and where the geometry of the space hinders effective drying and ventilation of the tongue at rest.

A washing cycle is carried out with the help of a needle valve that is connected to the water supply network. Its function is to fill the tongue with a precise volume of water before starting a cleaning cycle. In cases where detergent or soap is required for cleaning, this needle goes through its tank, providing a measured amount of soap to its interior to be mixed with the water. This needle valve is normally located at one of the ends of the path of the groove-guide of the tongue. A typical cycle begins by moving the tongue back in its guide until the needle is inserted into the tongue fill valve, where it remains for several seconds until the interior is filled with the necessary amount of water, mixed with soap. on the inside of the tongue where appropriate.

The tongue is then advanced into the guide slit with the perforated part of the tongue surface leading, lathering and wetting the surfaces to be washed. The geometry of the course and the geometry of the structure of the tongue are adjusted to cover the surface to clean as best as possible. Upon reaching the end of its journey, the water inside the propulsion system of the tongue stops flowing, and a contribution is produced at its other end, making the tongue go back again. Here, the opposite side of the tongue, without perforations or relief, is the one that makes contact with the surface to be cleaned, collecting the dirt particles and drying it on its way back. Upon reaching its original position, the tongue is sprayed with water to wash it, or another special piece is dragged along it in its respective slot-guide and with an identical propulsion mechanism, to clean and drain the remains of water contained in it. This process is regulated by controlling the sequence and duration of opening and closing of various hydraulic circuits (at both ends of the guide-slits, tongue-filling needle, tongue-spray, etc.), which can be accomplished with help of a digital timer or with compatible analog systems. In the context of a given growing cavity, cleaning is done first on the surfaces, under the leaves of the plants, and then at the bottom of the growing cavity. In principle, the surface cleaning should be performed more often, and the bottom wash can be programmed to be carried out after every several surface cleaning cycles.

The network of flexible trusses forms a spatial support and fastening structure for the planters. It is a branched structure intended to form part of the supporting structure for the protective surface and create a work plane for the distribution, handling and support of the planters.

The trusses are made up of preformed beads with a defined geometry and initial section, made of a resistant material, perforated and joined by tensioned braided wire as a post-tension structure, with a sufficient resistance necessary for the designated uses. The object of such a geometry is to provide a certain flexibility to the system, keeping the branches of the static trusses in one plane (fixed from top to bottom in the example of underground cultivation) but leaving the possibility of deformation in the other plane (mobile from side to side in the previous example), to be able to accommodate planters of different sizes and shapes, as well as to be able to easily access the bottom of the container that forms the interior cavity for cleaning or inspection.

In the general case, the structure runs on both sides of the container that forms the culture cavity, with a spine supported in an almost embedded manner, positioned in a stable position allowing the transmission of the weight on the underlying structure in an efficient manner. Branches come out of this thorn at two levels that cross the surface of the culture cavity and cross it from side to side, ending up resting on its opposite end with some clearance (which could be necessary when moving the branches during use). . The branches will They turn and intersect to form a fixed network, although in necessary cases additional holes can be created in the surface of the inner bucket to occasionally accommodate smaller-sized planters. Depending on the geometry and the loads to be supported, the branches of a truss can be joined with some vertical branches creating a more resistant spatial set, and the geometries of the aforementioned structure can vary considerably depending on the spatial configuration and the dimensions of the space to be cover. The structural branches in their entirety are protected by a layer of elastic and flexible material to facilitate their cleaning and to improve surface adherence, better transmitting loads between the structure with the supports and with the planters.

The main water supply conduit, with connections and irrigation hoses, also runs on both sides of the culture cavity, between the two levels of the trusses, preferably connected to two alternative water supply sources to increase the safety of the system. .

Water is supplied from the outside, preferably from a network that runs over the underlying structure, connecting to and passing through the culture bucket on both sides. The section of this conduit is simple: it is formed by a relatively resistant and perforated material (with perforations adjusted to the needs of use, preferably separated at the same distances as the structural branches of the truss, but located at the midpoint between the themselves). The perforations will be covered with plugs with a special geometry made of flexible and elastic material, which will not let the water out unless an irrigation hose is connected to it. On the outside, the conduit is covered by a layer of flexible and elastic material to protect the conduit and better adjust it to the interior geometry of the container that forms the culture cavity. This protective layer is provided with tears on the points where the irrigation hoses can be connected, leaving these hidden from view if they are not used.

The irrigation hoses have a geometry that is compatible with the valves that cover the holes in the water supply conduit made of flexible material, preferably opaque and of adequate length to reach the planters.

It has been provided that each plant can be connected to two hoses coming from opposite sides of the culture cavity section for reasons of security of water supply.

The planters and trays used for growing plants are similar to the conventional ones and are equipped with fastening hooks. Preferably they are planters with a braided appearance, for better ventilation of the roots, and covered on the inside with a paper filter, felt, inert organic fibers or other preferably compostable materials, capable of successfully retaining the chosen culture medium. In principle, they are single-use filters to facilitate the tasks of transplanting and cleaning the planters, although reusable filters are not out of the question if they are properly sterilized between uses.

The system is designed for culture media with a fairly high inertness (water retention capacity) similar to natural soil (peat, coconut fibers, mixtures) although alternative inert media (expanded clays, mineral fibers, etc.) can be used with braiding geometries, filters and water supply and drainage systems duly scaled and calibrated for each case. The preference for culture media with enough inertness for a general case is due to its greater safety and known handling for the general public. In fact, a traditional cultivation using non-inert natural soil is possible, although this requires a greater degree of participation on the part of the users, in particular with regard to cleaning, requiring regular inspections for the prevention of the appearance of molds and algae in the interiors, as well as a greater knowledge in the tasks of regular contribution of nutrients.

The irrigation control and nutrient supply nozzle is a final part of the system that performs the functions of irrigation control and provides the plants with nutrients. It is a mechanism with an elaborate geometry and operation, created in order to facilitate the maintenance of the plants in the long run. In general terms, the nozzle is a rigid piece that is stuck into the growing medium like a stake and that collects the water from the irrigation hoses and carries it towards the roots of the plants.

The contribution of water is carried out with a mechanical control system that automatically cuts off the water supply when a certain level of humidity is reached in the culture medium. This desirable level of humidity can be adjusted to each plant, making the task of controlling irrigation easier in a system designed to simultaneously contain and cultivate various species of plants in different stages of their development, with a variety of sizes and demands for towards the crop. Also, this avoids unnecessary watering of the plants, allowing the irrigation regime to be defined by the plant itself and its metabolism, avoiding excessive water consumption. Another of the functions that the nozzle fulfills is the control of the feeding of the plant, which is carried out by adding inorganic salts in a defined quantity and proportion, which are mixed within the nozzle itself and will be delivered to the roots of the plants individually, again, to facilitate maintenance and to maintain the flexibility of the system. Next, the detailed operation of the nozzle is explained in detail step by step.

The nozzle contains the following parts: - an outer covering surface, which protects the inner parts of the nozzle; - an external extension in the form of wings that contains and protects the water accumulation tank for the nutrient mixture, and that collects and conducts the supply water from both irrigation hoses towards the internal mechanisms of the nozzle; - a base cone, - two vertical holes with inserted moisture detection strings, connected to hooks at their upper end and able to move freely inside the nozzle; - a double acting and cutting clamp, capable of moving on the cone and which is activated by the moisture detection cords; - a T-piece with a pressure shut-off valve that connects the two internal supply pipes coming from the ends of the extension and carries the water through the base cone to a mixing drum and thermal control of the nutrient supply; -a hydraulic actuator hose with valves at both ends, essentially it is a closed and flexible tank that contains fluid and when one of its ends is compressed, the other end expands, activating the opening of the mixed nutrient tank; - a mixing and thermal control drum that separates the water intended for irrigation and that intended for plant nutrition, and adjusts the proportion of water and nutrients to the thermal conditions in which the plants grow; - a main irrigation conduit that carries the irrigation water to the bottom of the planter towards the roots of the plant and whose outlet is equipped with a passive flexible valve that acts as a non-return valve and also closes the tip of the nozzle when it is not contributing Water; a water accumulation tank for nutrients with an orifice for the inlet of water, and another for evacuation of the water, which leads to the discharge conduit that flows into the mixing cavity; - A multicomponent nutrient salt deposit placed in a cavity of the base cone and responsible for housing, dosing and providing the nutrient salts to its expandable nutrient deposit for mixing, and retaining the nutrient solution until it is required and supplied to plants; - a rough mixing cavity, located under the multi-component tank and in charge of facilitating the mixing of salts inside the nutrient tank and providing the mixture towards the roots of the plants.

According to the invention, the cultivation system comprises a device for driving ventilation air through the interior spaces of the underlying structure, actuated by the movement of irrigation water located above some air ducts.

Brief description of the content of the drawings

To complement the description that is being made and in order to facilitate the understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached to this specification in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

- Figure 1 shows a cross section of an embodiment of the easy-to-maintain embedded vegetation cultivation system, according to the invention.

- Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of the culture system.

- Figure 3 shows a plan view of the culture system partially sectioned. - Figure 4 shows an exploded perspective view of the culture system.

- Figure 5a shows a section of a variant embodiment of the cultivation system with a tubular configuration.

- Figure 5b shows a section of a variant embodiment of the cultivation system with continuous surfaces and trays.

- Figure 6a shows a vertical section of a variant embodiment of the vertical cultivation system.

- Figure 6b shows a plan view of the vertical cultivation system of figure 6a sectioned by a horizontal plane.

- Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the underlying structure and ventilation system.

- Figure 8 shows an exploded view of the system with a smooth protective flexible surface.

- Figure 9 shows a variant embodiment of the system provided with a flexible protective surface, made up of loose elements.

- Figure 10a shows an exploded view of one of the flexible trusses for holding the planters.

- Figure 10b shows a detail in perspective of the assembly of the trusses,

- Figure 11a shows an exploded detail of the valves and connections of the irrigation network

- Figure 11b shows a partial perspective view of the assembly of the irrigation network. - Figure 12a shows a sectioned detail in perspective of the propulsion mechanism of the cleaning tongues.

- Figures 12b and 12c correspond to sections A-A' and B-B' of the propulsion mechanism of the cleaning tongues marked in figure 12a.

- Figure 13a shows a detail in perspective of the assembly of a cleaning tongue. - Figure 13b shows a sectioned tongue allowing the visualization of its internal composition.

- Figures 13c and 13d show the section of different embodiments of the cleaning tongue.

- Figure 14a shows an external perspective view of the feeding and watering nozzle.

- Figure 14b shows an exploded perspective view of the feeding and watering nozzle.

- Figure 15 shows a perspective view, partially sectioned, of the feeding and irrigation nozzle, allowing visualization of the movement of the fluid through it. - Figure 16 shows a top perspective view of the feeding and watering nozzle open at the top.

- Figure 17a shows a first perspective view of the feeding and irrigation nozzle sectioned by a vertical plane.

- Figures 17b and 17c show two enlarged details of the salt discharge mechanism.

- Figure 18a shows a second perspective view of the feeding and irrigation nozzle sectioned by a vertical plane, seen from the opposite side to that of figure 17a.

- Figures 18b and 18c show two enlarged details of figure 18a in which the passive closing flexible valve can be seen in two positions.

- Figure 19 shows an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a multicomponent salt tank.

Detailed exposition of embodiments of the invention.

In the embodiment shown in figures 1 to 4, the system comprises: - a continuous outer surface (1), - a flexible surface (2) that protects the plants, - an underlying support structure (3); - An interior cavity formed by a drained container (4) containing the irrigation networks and other auxiliary facilities for cultivation, tongues (5) for cleaning the surface around and under the plants and - A structural network of trusses (6 ) flexible support and fastening of the planters (8) inside the container (4), a water supply conduit (7) with connections and irrigation hoses from the planters (8) and a control nozzle (9) irrigation and nutrient supply.

The outer surface (1) is formed in a unitary manner covering the interior surfaces of the spaces and enveloping the flexible surfaces (2) that protect the plants, made of a soft and reasonably flexible material, smooth and easy to clean, preferably fixed to the surfaces that it protects by mechanical or chemical means. This outer surface (1) has the function of facilitating washing and maintenance of the spaces under and around the plants.

The flexible surface (2) is made up of a layer of flexible material reinforced with bars of structural material with adequate separations, geometry and resistance to foreseeable uses and loads.

This flexible surface (2) is fixed to the edges of the drained container (4) that forms the cavity that contains the roots of the plants.

The underlying structure (3) shown in figures 1 to 4, with a tooth-shaped section, allows water, air and drainage pipes to be carried at the same time, leaving an upper space for maintenance and electrical wiring in its upper part and shows a possible solution given the need to ventilate the interior cavity that contains the plants, and this geometry effectively connects with the container or bucket (4) that forms the interior cavity, allowing functional ventilation of the system.

The underlying structure (3) can be constituted by the joists of a building and preferably by an organic and rounded profile, with cavities capable of housing the water supply networks, ventilation, or electrical networks.

In this example of figure 2, the container (4) is formed by a double bottom structure, with an undulating inner surface, with a certain slope and provided with a drainage and overflow system.

The container (4) is supported on the underlying structure (3) by means of an elastic joint, strong enough to support the weight of people on its edges, and distribute the weight of the planters (8) and the plants on the structure. In this embodiment, the container (4) incorporates some reinforcing folds to resist point loads.

Figures 5a, 5b show variants of the culture with a tubular configuration, and with continuous surfaces and trays respectively, and figures 6a, 6b show a culture embodiment behind a vertical surface.

The planters (8) and trays for growing plants include fastening hooks and have a braided appearance, for better ventilation of the roots, and covered on the inside with a filter paper, felt, inert organic fibers or other preferably compostable materials. , capable of successfully retaining the chosen culture medium. In principle, they are single-use filters to facilitate the tasks of transplanting and cleaning the planters (8), although reusable filters are not out of the question if they are properly sterilized between uses.

In figure 7, the underlying structure (3), the culture container and the hydraulic device (13) for ventilation drive have been schematically represented,

The flexible surface (2) can have different configurations as long as it, apart from maintaining the structural safety of the system, protects the interior cavity from light and prevents excessive evaporation of water from the planters (8).

Specifically, in the example shown in figure 8, said flexible surface is smooth and impermeable, while in figure 9 it is formed by loose elements of different geometries fixed to a porous substructure.

The network of flexible trusses (6) form a spatial support and fastening structure for the planters (8). In particular, as shown in figure 10a, the trusses (6) are formed by preformed beads with a defined geometry and initial section, made of a resistant material, perforated and joined by tensioned braided wire as a post-tensioned structure. This geometry provides them with stability in the horizontal plane (fixed from top to bottom) but with the possibility of lateral mobility to accommodate planters (8) of different sizes and shapes, and to be able to easily access the bottom of the container (4) for cleaning or inspection.

As shown in figure 10b, the network of trusses (6) runs along both sides of the container (4) with branches at two levels that cross the surface of the culture cavity and cross it, forming a fixed network, although in necessary cases they are They can create additional holes in the surface of the inner bucket to occasionally accommodate planters (8) of smaller sizes. The structural branches are protected by a layer of elastic and flexible material to facilitate their cleaning, to improve surface adherence, better transmitting loads between the structure with the supports and with the planters (8).

Figure 11a shows a main water supply conduit (7) that also runs on both sides of the culture cavity, between the two levels of the trusses (6). This conduit (7) is made of a relatively resistant material and with perforations adjusted to the needs of use, preferably separated at the same distances as the structural branches of the truss, but located at the midpoint between them. These perforations are covered with caps made of flexible and elastic material, which do not let the water out unless an irrigation hose (71) is connected to it. This conduit (7) is covered by a layer of flexible and elastic material for protection and adjustment to the interior geometry of the container (4). This protective layer is provided with tears located at the points where the irrigation hoses (71) can be connected, and which remain hidden from view when not in use.

The irrigation hoses (71) have a geometry that is compatible with the valves that cover the holes in the water supply conduit (7) (fig. 11a), made of flexible material, preferably opaque, and of adequate length to reach the planters. (8).

This system comprises tongues (5) for cleaning the surface around and under the soles, represented in figures 13a - 13d, provided with a propulsion system shown in figures 12a -12c, and arranged: one at the top of the bucket or container (4), and another just below the lower level of the flexible trusses (6). These tongues (5) are semi-flexible or rigid elements with joints, elongated, with dimensions and shape appropriate to the geometry of the space in which it will function.

The tongues (5) can present different geometries and sections according to the needs of use, for example, a rigid part with a section similar to a drop of water as shown in figures 13a -13d and present a surface made of flexible and perforated waterproof material. on one of its sides and equipped with a connection valve to the water supply. The perforated side is used for washing, and the opposite side for subsequent drying and removal of dirt particles.

In an embodiment of the invention, the rigid interior part of the tongue (5) comprises, in the space adjacent to the valve for connecting to the water supply, a cavity that contains the detergent or laundry soap in cases where it is required. The tongue (5) has a detachable clamp or handle (51). This handle is connected to an articulation that, as a bearing, moves dragging the tongue (5) across the surface to be cleaned.

In the example shown in figures 12a - 12c, the system comprises a hydraulic device for propelling tongues by means of a flexible and impermeable hose (52) embedded in one of the sides of the groove-guide defined in the wall of the container (4) and , which contains a structure of interspersed flakes of flexible material on one side of its interior, which keeps it in a flattened state at rest. As the water circulates, the hose (52) changes its shape to a more circular section (Fig. 12c) and gradually expands, like a wave that creates enough pressure and geometry necessary to move the bearing and the handle (51) from holding the tongue (5). As the water circulates from the opposite end, the tongue (5) moves to its initial position. When the water stops coming, the hose (52) contracts again, facilitating ventilation from the slot-guide.

A washing cycle is carried out with the help of a needle valve that is connected to the water supply network. Its function is to fill the tongue (5) with a precise volume of water before starting a cleaning cycle. In cases where detergent or soap is required for cleaning, this needle goes through its tank, providing a measured amount of soap to its interior to be mixed with the water.

The irrigation control and nutrient supply nozzle (9) shown in Figures 14a to 19 control the irrigation and provide the nutrients to the plants to facilitate the maintenance and feeding of the plants in the long run. This nozzle (9) is stuck into the middle of the crop like a stake and collects the water from the irrigation hoses (71) taking it towards the roots of the plants.

The nozzle (9) comprises the following parts:

a) Flexible covering surface (91), made of elastic material.

b) External extension (92) that contains and protects the water accumulation tank (10) for the nutrient mixture, and that collects and conducts the supply water from both irrigation hoses (71) towards the internal mechanisms of the nozzle (9). In this embodiment the extension (92) is flexible and wing-shaped to accommodate round pots of various sizes.

c) Base cone (93) made of relatively resistant material, with various holes and cavities.

d) Two vertical holes (94) with moisture detection strings inserted, connected at their upper end to hooks and capable of moving freely inside the nozzle (9). The lower end of the holes is covered with filters that protect them from particles in the culture medium. The string can be made of various materials, natural or artificial, capable of absorbing water by capillarity, and its weight and diameter are duly calibrated.

e) Double acting and cutting clamp (95), located on one side of the base cone (93), above the vertical detection holes (94), and is capable of moving horizontally on the cone (93). . The geometry of the clamp (95) is adequate to require a precise and calibrated force necessary for closing. The moisture detection strings are hung from the outer free elements of the clamp (95). The system closes the clamp (95) when the detection strings increase their weight by detecting and absorbing the water present at the bottom of the pot. The horizontal displacement of the clamp (95) adjusts the sensitivity of the system, causing the mechanism to operate at different levels of humidity of the culture medium. Hence, the horizontal displacement of the clamp (95) adjusts the level of watering necessary to the particular requirements of each plant. The clamp (95) is made of relatively flexible material, capable of deforming under the weight, preferably chemically inert. The holes are arranged at a certain defined distance between the vertex, but with some difference between the two strings, causing one of the string sensors to actuate before the other. In general, the gripper (95) with the hole furthest from the origin of the gripper (95) is more sensitive and actuates sooner. This clamp (95) is arranged above the actuator hose (97). The other clamp (95), which operates with a slight delay, is arranged above the T-piece that cuts off the initial supply water.

f) T-piece (96) with a pressure shut-off valve that connects the two internal supply ducts coming from the ends of the extension (92). This part fits into the base cone (93) exposing its flexible part that can be closed by the acting and cutting clamp (95). The T-shaped piece (96) carries the water through the base cone (93) towards the drum (98) for mixing and thermal control of the nutrient supply.

g) Hydraulic actuator hose (97) with valves at both ends. In essence, it is a flexible, closed fluid container tank inside a hose. Its function is to transmit energy, by compressing one of the ends of the deposit discovered by the clamp (95), another of its ends expands, activating the opening of the mixed nutrient deposit. The geometries and materials used for the deposit of fluid and that of the interior of the T-piece (96), taking into account the foreseeable hydraulic pressures inside, guarantee that the external pressure force necessary to deform them is as similar as possible.

h) Drum (98) for mixing and thermal control. The function of this piece is double: on the one hand, it separates the water destined for irrigation and that destined for the nutrition of the plants, on the other hand, this piece adjusts the proportion of water and nutrients to the thermal conditions in which the plants grow. In general, it is considered that the nutrients that the plant requires are in proportion to its metabolic activity measured in relation to the water ingested. Therefore, this drum (98) works as a simple valve that allocates a fraction of the water consumed by the plant to be mixed with nutrients and provided to the plant. Certain adjustment of the amount of nutrients that the plant requires depends on the climatic conditions (in hot season there is an excess of evaporation, in cold season there is normally less light, etc.), for this reason the drum (98) contains in its upper part an extensible metallic spring that rotates slightly following the changes in temperature, changing the dimensions of both the outlet holes of the drum (98), thereby adjusting the relative proportion of water for irrigation and nutrients throughout the year. The two outlet conduits in its lower part will be the main irrigation conduit (99) and the other leads to the water accumulation tank (10) for nutrients located in the cavities of the outer extension (92), preceded by a non-return valve. Flexible at your departure.

i) Main irrigation conduit (99) is located in the central part of the base cone (93), and forms the tip of the cone (93) since its function is to carry the irrigation water to the bottom of the planter towards the roots of the plant. This conduit (99) runs inside the base cone (93) and crosses the mixing cavity, passively helping the nutrient mixing function by transmitting pulsations and pressure towards the multi-component tank. At the outlet, the irrigation conduit (99) is equipped with a passive flexible valve that acts as a non-return valve and also closes the tip of the nozzle (9) when it is not providing water, avoiding its fouling and long-term blockages.

j) Water accumulation tank (10) for nutrients is a flexible container that runs between the outer extensions through the base cone (93), to which it is fixed. This deposit must be made of a flexible material but not too extensible since its function is to accumulate a precise volume of water so that it can be later mixed with the nutrients in measured quantities and proportions. The tank is watertight, with a hole for the entry of water, and another, close to its lowest point fixed to the base cone (93), intended for the evacuation of the water, which leads to the discharge conduit that ends in the mixing cavity. Above the discharge orifice, the tank is fixed to the base cone (93) forming a cavity that allows its inspection or repairs. This cavity should be covered, preferably with a non-tight stopper made of transparent material for more effective visual control. The accumulation tank (10) receives the water from the mixing drum (98), and it fills up until it reaches a certain level. Emptying is done using the Archimedean cup mechanism, using a piece in the shape of an umbrella or straw inserted above the discharge hole of the tank. Other emptying mechanisms could be installed (floats, etc.), as long as they are capable of retaining and measuring and delivering a precise volume of water to the mixing cavity at once. This mechanism was preferred here for its relative reliability and passivity (it does not require tiny moving parts).

k) Deposit (11) of multicomponent nutritive salts is a removable part that is placed in a cavity of the base cone (93) formed for that function. Its functions will be to house, dose and supply the nutrient salts to its expandable nutrient tank for mixing, and to retain the nutrient solution until it is required and supplied to the plants.

The deposit (11) of multicomponent nutritive salts comprises two parts: an upper part that makes up a salt deposit and a lower part that makes up a nutrient deposit. The upper part or salt tank is a rigid part, formed by a resistant and impermeable material, preferably transparent, that contains several nutrient salt tanks, separated with a desiccant in between, and with openings in their bottoms to be able to supply them to the mixture.

The lower part or nutrient tank is flexible, extensible and is suspended from the salt tank with a defined geometry and purpose, which will be explained later. Its function is to receive the dosed salts from the salt tank and the water from the accumulation tank (10), helping the mixing process and retaining the nutritive solution until it is supplied to the plants. In general, the multi-component tank can be removed periodically to replenish its levels of mineral salts, desiccant, and for inspections or repairs if necessary.

The multi-component reservoir is embedded in a cavity in the base cone (93) above the interior cavity called the rough mixing cavity, and its flexible nutrient reservoir passes through this cavity, fixing in a slit in its lower part that allows controlling its geometry by expanding and controlling the contribution of the nutrient solution to the roots of the plant. Its geometry leads the water down a certain slope towards a lip-shaped valve that is the part embedded in the lower groove, and which remains closed under normal conditions. One of the lips is longer than the other, and is attached to a hole from which the other end of the actuator hose (97) comes out with its flexible expansion tank. When detected by the detection string, the expansion tank is compressed on the side of the clamp (95) opening the lower lip of the nutrient tank, evacuating part of the nutrient solution from the tank. As the actuator hose (97) is connected to the more sensitive moisture detection string, it is actuated before the T-piece (96), hence whenever there is some nutrient solution in the nutrient reservoir, it is supplied to the roots before the irrigation water avoiding drowning of the roots.

The flexible nutrient reservoir and the rigid brine reservoir are joined such that the flexible lower reservoir is capable of laterally moving relative to the fixed, rigid upper portion. One side of the flexible nutrient reservoir forms a lip that inserts into a groove at the bottom of the salt reservoir, covering it and protecting it from moisture. This lip is kept in a closed position or inside the groove under the salt tank under normal conditions when there is no nutrient solution underneath in the flexible tank by means of its geometry and with the help of strips of elastic material at its end, which act as forcing springs. its closure.

Several holes with a defined size and position are located on the lip, and therefore move as the lower nutrient reservoir fills, transporting precise measures of nutrient salts into its interior, adding them to the mix in the predefined order and time.

Therefore, the holes located on the lip of the nutrient tank form a kind of program that is activated every time the nutrient tank is filled with water, controlling the amounts and order of salt contribution to the mix. Hence, for different times in the life of the plant, or for different species of plants, various nutrition programs may be necessary. These modes of nutrition can be adjusted by moving the flexible nutrient reservoir horizontally via a slider from the surface of the multi-component reservoir, relative to the fixed salt reservoir above, aligning the mouths of the salt reservoirs with a series of different holes in each predetermined position and drilled in the lip. When you reach your position When the lower nutrient tank is opened or expanded after receiving a discharge of water, the lip once again covers the salt outlet holes, protecting them from moisture and splashes.

Rough mixing cavity (12). The space under the multi-component tank is responsible for facilitating the mixing of salts inside the nutrient tank and for supplying the mixture to the roots of the plants. This cavity is formed inside the base cone (93), below the multicomponent tank, and has a series of holes in its lower part that provide the nutrient solution to the roots of the plants. The cavity is covered on the inside, by the sides that make contact with the nutrient deposit as it expands, by an irregular and flexible surface covered with protuberances that vibrate like springs when touched, causing the nutrient deposit to vibrate, facilitating the mixing of the salts inside. The protuberances are aligned so as to further interfere with the geometry of the expanding nutrient reservoir, and also make contact with the main irrigation conduit (99), picking up and transmitting the vibrations produced by this conduit helping in part to mix the nutrients. when the reservoir has finished expanding.

Below the lip-shaped valve at the mouth of the nutrient tank there is a simple mechanism to prevent fouling of the outlet holes of the nutrient mixture. This comprises a strip of flexible material fixed at its upper end to one of the sides of the mixing cavity, with ramifications at its lower end that cover the holes in rest situations, and that deforms when receiving the weight of the mixture. nutrients, retracting their ends from the holes and allowing the free passage of the nutrient solution towards the outside of the surface of the nozzle (9), towards the roots of the plants.

Ventilation air drive hydraulic device (13). This is an optional auxiliary mechanism that can improve the overall performance of the system by using the existing parts of the system. In general, the interior growing cavity should be constantly ventilated for reasons of sanitation and health of the roots of the plants. In the present system, the proposed air movement is through the interior spaces of the underlying structure (3), whose sections are shaped in such a way that the culture cavities connect to them directly, and above the structure. irrigation water pipes run. The mechanism proposed here takes advantage of the circumstance of having moving water above the air ducts to drive its progress through it.

Within the structural section, branches of light, flexible and resistant material with a compatible geometry similar to that of fig. 7, distributed in plan according to wavy patterns directing the air flow towards the ventilation holes. These branches are embedded in holes located in the upper part of the structural sections, bordered by an elastic joint that acts as a stopper and seal. The origins of these branches appear on the surface of the underlying structure (3) in the form of buttons surrounded by a flexible barrier. The water pipes that run above are replaced by a semi-flexible layer fixed above these buds, so that it is capable of sheltering the buds of origin of the branches on its lower surface, adhering effectively to the underlying structure (3). . To save energy and to improve the safety of the system, it is recommended that the upper part of this flexible strip capable of carrying water inside is reinforced with a more rigid material. The edges of this flexible strip can also be extended to form an elastic bonding layer between the underlying structure (3) and the bucket-shaped containers. The circulation of water through its interior causes movements in the branches within the sections of the underlying structure (3) creating waves of movement and propelling the air through its interior.

The operation of the system is as described below.

Under normal conditions, the system is connected to a water source for irrigation (preferably from two separate tanks for security of supply issues), and preferably, to a programmable control system capable of timing cleaning functions or regimes. Ventilation required based on changes in weather or use conditions.

The underlying structure is connected to a source of clean, filtered and conditioned air in cases where local circumstances so require.

In this design, the rest of the system's functions are carried out without the need to use energy or electrical signals, and the necessary lighting should preferably be natural sunlight, resolved with a precise location of the spaces to be cultivated.

The functionality of the system is based on mechanical, geometry or hydraulic solutions, to improve the safety and resilience of the spaces by not depending on a variety of energy sources for its operation. The absence of smart elements and data cables for control also brings the benefits of privacy and better sanitation of spaces by not contaminating them with excessive electric fields, signals and vibrations.

Irrigation networks do not require a particular operating regime, they must only lead the water to the irrigation hoses with a minimum pressure, since the feeding nozzles are in charge of opening and closing the ducts to the extent and at the rhythm defined by the own plants.

Ventilation is also more active when more water circulates (that is, is demanded) above the structure, regulating itself since plants will breathe more when they grow more actively, consuming water for it.

Many of the complications related to the issue of control and maintenance of the system are avoided here by leaving these issues, so to speak, in the hands of the plants. The nutrition is calculated and provided to the plants according to their water consumption also with the help of the feeding nozzles.

For ideal operation, in the general case where the cultivated spaces are covered by a flexible and opaque surface, the system requires the use of seedlings of a certain height so that the plants have some stem height and green surface peeking out over the top. exterior of the continuous surface of protection.

In conformations where culture is done in trays under flexible porous surfaces, it can be grown from seed (fig. 5b, fig. 9).

Plants will normally be prepared by choosing a braided pot of suitable dimensions for the plant, folding it with a paper or fiber filter and filling it with the growing medium of your choice. The seedling or seeds are transplanted, if applicable, and a suitable size feeding nozzle is inserted into one of the sides, burying it until its upper surface is practically level with the culture medium, taking care that it does not exceed the upper edge of the culture medium. gardener.

Before use, it is necessary to check if the nozzle has been washed after its previous use, has the holes clean and not clogged, contains mineral salts and desiccant in its salt tank, and the feeding regimes and desirable level of humidity of the growing medium have been adjusted to the plant being planted.

To plant, it is necessary to open the flexible protection surfaces and access inside the culture cavity, inspecting its drainage, cleanliness and hygiene conditions, especially those of the cleaning tongues. If there are no problems, you can start placing the plants inside the culture cavity, otherwise it is necessary to activate the cleaning systems or perform manual cleaning.

After choosing the appropriate spaces for planting the planters, the upper and lower branches of the flexible trusses must be moved and the planter hung from its lower level, ensuring that it is attached to enough hooks and that the final structure is stable. Plants can be easily rearranged and rearranged until the desired composition is achieved. Two irrigation hoses would then be brought to each feeding nozzle located near each plant, connecting them to water supply pipes on either side of the growing cavity.

In this way, the system would remain functional and, if the dry culture medium is used, when connected to the supply network, the nozzles will open, allowing the water to flow into the culture medium around the plants. Afterwards, it is necessary to cover the protection surfaces, taking care not to damage the green parts of the plants in the process, and the rest of the maintenance (irrigation, ventilation and nutrition) is carried out automatically. Inspections every several weeks are only required to control the cleanliness and healthiness inside the culture cavities and punctual adjustments of the feeding nozzles of certain plants (changes in their life stage may require a change in their nutrient solution, or in the levels of suitable water that the plant may require).

Nutrient salt levels within each watering nozzle are sufficient for several months or even years in the case of certain plants, so nutrient salts usually do not need to be replenished throughout the life of the plant, but should be inspected each time. change of diet. If necessary, it is possible to change its multi-component tanks, without having to remove the feeding nozzle from the roots of the plants.

Planters and trays with growing plants can be freely rearranged and repositioned within their growing cavities at any stage of their lives, if users so desire.

The cleaning tongues could be started on demand, manually connecting them to water sources from time to time, or they can be mechanically timed or programmed also depending on the irrigation water consumed by the given culture cavity as a whole, to facilitate its users. maintenance work even more. Cleaner tongues are easy to remove and replace loose items that should be removed every several months for inspection, cleaning, or refilling with soap or detergent if necessary.

The surfaces are safe to walk on, it is only necessary to control access to the cultivation cavities in the case of spaces used by children or animals to avoid dangers of entrapment. In the same way, the use of the system can be scaled freely, using the culture cavities to their full capacity or planting only one or several plants. This does not require changes or adjustments of any kind, only affecting the external appearance and the design of the spaces in which it is integrated.

Depending on the use of the space where you go, such as regular maintenance, apart from the replacement of culture materials (culture medium, nutrient salts, pots, broken irrigation nozzles or hoses, filters) and the provision of irrigation water, you should consider the need for regular changes to the outer surface of the system, which, being flexible, could be damaged by being stepped on and touched regularly, having to be replaced every several years.

Once the nature of the invention has been sufficiently described, as well as a preferred embodiment, it is stated for the appropriate purposes that the materials, shape, size and arrangement of the elements described may be modified, as long as this does not imply an alteration. of the essential characteristics of the invention that are claimed below.

Claims (20)

1. Easy-maintenance embedded vegetation cultivation system, characterized by the fact that it comprises: - a continuous outer surface (1), walkable, formed in a unitary manner covering the inner surfaces of the spaces and surrounding flexible surfaces (2) that protect the plants, - an underlying support structure (3); - a drained container (4) that defines an interior cavity that contains the roots of the plants and some irrigation networks and auxiliary facilities for cultivation, - some tongues (5) for cleaning the surface around and under the plants, - some planters (8) with fixing hooks, - a structural network of flexible trusses (6) for supporting and fastening the planters (8) inside the container (4), - a water supply conduit (7) with connections and irrigation hoses from the planters (8) and, - A nozzle (9) for controlling irrigation and nutrient supply. System of claim 1, in which the flexible surface (2) is formed by a layer of flexible material reinforced with bars of structural material and fixed to the edges of the drained container (4). 3. System, according to the preceding claims, in which the underlying structure (3) is made up of the joists of a building and preferably by an organic and rounded profile, with suitable cavities to house the water supply, ventilation, or electrical networks. 4. System according to any preceding claim; in which the container (4) is formed by a double bottom structure, with an undulating inner surface, with a certain slope and provided with a drainage and overflow system. 5. System according to any preceding claim; in which the planters (8) and trays for growing plants include fastening hooks and have a braided appearance, for better ventilation of the roots, and are covered on the inside with a filter paper, felt, inert organic fibers or other preferably compostable materials, capable of successfully retaining the chosen culture medium. 6. System according to any preceding claim; in which the trusses (6) are formed by preformed beads, a resistant material, perforated and joined by tensioned braided wire as a post structure with the possibility of lateral mobility to accommodate planters (8) of different sizes and to be able to access the bottom of the container (4). 7. System, according to any previous claim, in which the truss network (10) runs on both sides of the container (4) with structural branches at two levels that cross the surface of the culture cavity and cross it, forming a fixed network. 8. System according to claim 7, in which the structural branches are protected by a layer of elastic and flexible material. System according to claim 7, in which the main water supply conduit (7) runs on both sides of the culture cavity, between the two levels of the trusses (6). 10. System according to claim 9, wherein the conduit (7) comprises a series of perforations for the connection of irrigation hoses (71) and provided with plugs made of flexible and elastic material, which do not let the water out unless that a watering hose is connected to it. 11. System according to claim 9, in which the irrigation hoses (71) have a geometry compatible with the valves that cover the holes in the water supply conduit (7) and a suitable length to reach the planters (8 ). 12. System according to any previous claim, in which the surface cleaning tongues (5) around and under the soles are provided with a propulsion system. 13. System according to claim 12, comprising: a cleaning tongue (5) at the top of the bucket or container (4), and another just below the lower level of the flexible trusses (6). 14. System according to any preceding claim; in which the tongues (5) comprise a rigid part and have a surface made of flexible and impermeable material perforated on one side and equipped with a connection valve to the washing water supply, and the opposite side for subsequent drying and removal of dirt particles. 15. System according to claim 14, in which the rigid inner part of the tongue (5) comprises, in the space adjacent to the water supply connection valve, a cavity that contains the detergent or laundry soap in cases where required. 16. System, according to any preceding claim, in which the tongue (5) has a detachable clamp or handle (51), connected to a joint that moves, like a roller, dragging the tongue (5) along the surface to be cleaned. 17. System according to any claim 16; which comprises a hydraulic device for driving the cleaning tongue by means of a flexible and impermeable hose (52) embedded in one of the sides of the groove-guide defined in the wall of the container (4) and, which contains on one of the sides of inside a structure of interspersed flakes of flexible material that keeps it in a flattened state at rest and that gradually expands as the water circulates through it, and creates a pressure wave that displaces the bearing and the handle (51). holding the tongue (5). 18. System according to any preceding claim; comprising a needle valve connected to the water supply network and filling the tongue (5) with a precise volume of water before starting a cleaning cycle. 19. System, according to any previous claim, in which the irrigation control and nutrient supply nozzle (9) comprises: - a flexible outer covering surface (91) that protects the inner parts of the nozzle; - An outer wing-shaped extension (92) that contains and protects the water accumulation tank (10) for the nutrient mixture, and that collects and conducts the supply water from the irrigation hoses to the internal mechanisms of the nozzle; - A base cone (93) with various holes and cavities. - Two vertical holes (94) with inserted moisture detection strings, connected to hooks at their upper end and able to move freely inside the nozzle; - a double actuation and cutting clamp (95), arranged on one of the sides of the base cone (93), capable of moving on the cone and which is actuated by the moisture detection cords; - A T-shaped piece (96) with a pressure shut-off valve that connects the two internal supply pipes coming from the ends of the extension and carries the water through the base cone to a mixing drum and thermal control of the contribution of nutrients; - A hydraulic actuator hose (97) with valves at both ends, which forms a closed, flexible tank that contains fluid and by compressing one of the ends of the tank, another end expands, activating the opening of the mixed nutrient tank; - a drum (98) for mixing and thermal control that separates the water intended for irrigation and that intended for plant nutrition, and adjusts the proportion of water and nutrients to the thermal conditions in which the plants grow; - a main irrigation conduit (99) that carries the irrigation water to the bottom of the planter towards the roots of the plant and whose outlet is equipped with a passive flexible valve that acts as a non-return valve and also closes the tip of the nozzle when it is is not contributing water; - A water accumulation tank (10) for nutrients with an orifice for the inlet of water, and another for evacuation of the water, which leads to the discharge conduit that ends in the mixing cavity; - A tank (11) of multicomponent nutrient salts placed in a cavity of the base cone (93) and responsible for housing, dosing and providing the nutrient salts to its expandable nutrient tank for mixing, and for retaining the nutrient solution until it is required and supplied to the plants; - A rough mixing cavity (12), formed inside the base cone (93) located under the multi-component tank and in charge of facilitating the mixing of salts inside the nutrient tank and supplying the mixture to the roots of the plants. 20. System, according to any previous claim, comprising a hydraulic device for driving ventilation air (13), through the interior spaces of the underlying structure (3), towards the roots of the plants.