RU76774U1 - MOSS-PEAT BLOCK (OPTIONS) AND HYDROPONIC INSTALLATION ON THEIR BASIS - Google Patents

Abstract

The modular hydroponic plant proposed for consideration consists of moss-peat blocks and is equipped with an automatic watering system and automatic plant backlighting. It is assembled on a frame made of metal corners, or chrome pipes to create decorative fences, which are filters for harmful air impurities and isolate from city noises, to decorate interior interiors, decorate building facades, build pre-fabricated structures, and increase the area of planting in garden plots.

Description

Technical field

The modular installation refers to systems for growing plants using hydroponic technology. Scope - vertical gardening in rooms and on the street.

Hydroponics is a special technology that allows you to grow plants without soil on aqueous solutions of mineral substances. The root system of plants develops on solid substrates that have no nutritional value. Hydroponics is used in horticulture and floriculture.

The modular hydroponic plant proposed for consideration consists of moss-peat blocks and is equipped with an automatic watering system and automatic plant backlighting. It is assembled on a frame made of metal corners, or chrome pipes to create decorative fences, which are filters for harmful air impurities and isolate from city noises, to decorate interior interiors, decorate building facades, build pre-fabricated structures, and increase the area of planting in garden plots.

State of the art

Hydroponics as a technology arose at the end of the 19th century. The bursts of interest in this technology are described in detail in the monograph by E. Salzer “Hydroponics for lovers” (library). This technology is successfully used for growing vegetables in professional greenhouses equipped with industrial plants - Industrial Hydroponics website (), also small hydroponic plants designed for growing one or several plants in small containers () are offered on the market of plant growing enthusiasts. The work of Salzer gives examples of the creation of peat walls in barrels, covered with soil, in wooden boxes. Gardeners share their experience in creating peat walls made of rubber tires. As analogues as options

vertical gardening can also be considered flowering flower beds of complex shape. They have already found quite wide application. The technique of their creation is as follows: a figure is created from iron reinforcement, soil is poured inside, plants are planted in the soil. Care like a regular flowerbed. The difference of the proposed installation from the listed analogues is that

1. Our installation consists of modules, the connection of which allows you to increase the width of the flowering wall indefinitely wide and up to 20 meters high when attached to the facade of the building. The features of our installation provide opportunities for its widespread use in urban conditions as new forms of vertical gardening for the city.

2. Each module in a complete set consists of moss-peat blocks enclosed in a shell made of a metal mesh coated with PVC, or a plastic box of typical sizes for placing and growing plants, a water tank, a tank for watering plants, a pump, lamps, timers for installation of watering mode and light mode in a single building. The completeness of the module is determined by the place of its installation, the purpose of its use, the financial capabilities of the customer.

3. The modular installation, assembled on a frame of metal corners, has universal mounts that allow you to mount the module to any type of support, and the frame itself, by attaching metal paws to its base, is a kind of stable support.

4. Frames are assembled on metal corners coated with powder paint using bolts. To balance the structure, metal paws are attached to the base.

5. Chromed tube frames are assembled using fasteners such as the Joker. Partitions based on these fixtures are widespread in the design of interiors of public buildings. The novelty of our proposal is to create flowering office partitions, which will allow plants to be planted even in small rooms with vertical gardening. The flowering office partitions not only carry decorative functions, they also contribute to improving the environment, moisturizing rooms, especially in the winter months.

6. We are developing a bamboo frame with decoration with a rattan fabric for residential premises.

7. We also develop the shape of a perforated box, the assembly process of which into a self-supporting structure is similar to the principle of the Lego children's designer,

where the products are fastened together by coupling the groove and the ridge. An analogue is the plastic boxes for meat, vegetables, etc., collected in one pair of pins, one on top of the other. Our boxes differ in the size and location of the grooves and ridges. Their width varies from 15 to 30 cm, which is determined by a layer of soil, filled in, necessary for the growth of plant roots. Also for us, the pattern of the perforated wall of the plastic box is of fundamental importance - the shape and size of the cells into which the plants will be planted. The ridges and grooves in the drawers we need are not only on the top and bottom, but also on the sides.

8. One of the most, in our opinion, promising models is 15 minimal blocks assembled into a frame from metal corners designed for planting one plant, a reservoir for pouring water at the bottom of the structure, a watering tank at the top of the frame, a pump, a lamp. This model fits into the design of chromed tubes, or of metal corners coated with PVC, or bamboo tubes. Having dimensions of 120 × 50 × 18 cm, it can be mounted as hanging shelves or put on a table. In relation to this model, we are developing instructions for the selection of plants placed in a moss-peat wall, which takes into account the parameters of compatibility of plants, their needs for moisture, lighting, and soil characteristics. For each type of plant in the block will be filled with its own soil.

9. We have tested the technology of planting plants in a moss-peat block in a plastic mesh. This technology allows you to quickly remove a seasonal or diseased plant with all roots from the block. The mesh allows the roots of the plant to freely penetrate the soil.

10. Blocks of typical sizes are made of peat with mineral additives, wrapped with sphagnum moss, the purpose of which is determined by its bactericidal properties, the ability to accumulate moisture, protect the roots of plants located in peat from overheating and overcooling, the fibrous structure of the moss prevents peat chips from spilling out through openings, in which plants are planted. Between moss and the wall of the box or the wall of a metal mesh coated with PVC, a mesh with a small cross section is laid. Its purpose is the additional protection of the block from the rash of moss and peat.

11. Blocks of typical sizes, limited by a plastic box or a metal mesh, are filled with low peat decomposition peat. This material has a capillary structure, does not crumble. In the block, cylindrical holes are made with a downward inclination (angle of 45 degrees) with a diameter of 10 cm. In the hole

soil deoxidant is laid, as well as sphagnum moss, which is used to decorate the wall. Peat soil with additives is attached to the block, selected by the consumer of the wall, depending on the plants that he plans to place there. The unit is mounted on a specially designed rack. The frontal part of the wall is closed with a metal grill with a step of 15 cm. The hole in the block is in the middle of the cell. After spilling the block with water, it is attached to the rack, the necessary soil is poured into the holes, a plant is planted, and it is additionally attached to the block using brackets. Moss sphagnum decorates the surface, located between the block and the lattice. The decor may be plastic coatings having a perforated structure. We used plastic plates used to create floors in sports halls to decorate the flowering wall of the “PUPs”.

12. Peat with sphagnum moss is enclosed in a plastic box having perforated walls through which, when irrigated, water enters the substrate from peat and moss, delivering nutrients to the roots of plants planted in the box. Perforated walls allow the penetration of oxygen, necessary for the roots of plants, and prevent the accumulation of moisture, contributing to the decay of the roots. When planting on one side, the box is closed on one side with a monolithic plastic lid, which prevents moisture from accessing the building’s facade when mounting the flowering wall to the building. In the case of using a modular installation as a wall of a pre-fabricated building (for example, a summer cafe), or a one-sided fence, the reverse side has an aesthetic appearance that does not require additional processing.

13. As options for moss-peat blocks, we can also offer a “green pillow” - a peat block consisting of tow, peat with mineral additives, sphagnum moss, and placed in a plastic net. The block is sown on both sides with the seeds of lawn grasses or ground cover plants. Depending on the size, it is sewn with fishing line (similar to a quilted cotton blanket) with a mesh size of 15 cm to prevent the movement of soil, not yet bonded to the lawn's root system. A PVC watering hose-pipe with holes is laid inside the unit, the end of which is brought out and inserted into the main watering hose. The ends of the block are tied with wire, with the help of which there is a fastening to the frame. Also, the block can be mounted through metal eyelets located in the corners of the block. Plant nutrition occurs hydroponically, therefore, a layer of peat with mineral additives is necessary only for germination

plants. As a frame, a welded painted grill with a wire diameter of 5-8 mm can be used. Also, these blocks can be mounted on any existing supports to which steel bars are attached. The blocks are fastened at the intersection of the fence bar and the suspended bar. The result is a single canvas double-sided green lawn. In case of cold weather, it is recommended to remove the “pillows”, put them in a pile to protect the roots from freezing, cover with tarpaulin. In the spring they can be used again. A watering hose with holes for uniform watering is laid on top of the canvas. Watering the system is carried out using a pump that pumps water into the irrigation hose, from which water flows into the perforated tubes located in the unit. According to the final effect, rolled lawns can be considered an analog of this canvas. However, the technology of their creation involves their use only in the horizontal plane and on the ground.

14. To create flowering fences on the street, we have developed the design of the rack in the form of a tetraider. Blocks are located on each other with a step of 5-10 cm to the center of the structure, which creates the stability of the wall. When building such a structure, it is possible to use the pillars of existing fences as load-bearing supports.

15. To create flowering walls of complex shape (Fig. 1), the blocks for planting plants are enclosed in shapes (cylinder, cone, tetrider, etc.) made of a metal mesh coated with PVC.

16. When creating a wall of modules, two drain holes are provided in the water tanks, the connection of which by pipes makes it possible to fill them with water through one hole.

17. The system is equipped with a single pump, the power of which is calculated depending on the area shed surface.

18. Also, timers that specify the time interval for the lighting system and the irrigation system are required for the entire system.

19. The tank for watering plants located at the top of the structure is made of a plastic pipe of round or rectangular cross section, the lower part of which has numerous small-diameter holes to create a drip irrigation system. The tank is filled with water with mineral additives from the irrigation tank using an internal or external pump, depending on the size of the system.

20. The modules placed in the premises are equipped with a system of fluorescent lamps for illumination of plants in rooms with artificial lighting and in the winter period of time. The lighting system is displayed on a single timer, which allows you to adjust the backlight mode.

21. When considering moss-peat blocks as building blocks, an analogy with straw houses arises. This technology has gained a significant number of supporters in the West. Considering the bactericidal properties of sphagnum moss, significant peat deposits and large areas covered by swamps where sphagnum moss grows, the main developments of straw technology could be invaluable in the construction of “moss” houses. In the West, this problem rests, first of all, in the economical use of forest resources.

Utility Model Disclosure

The main task that the author sets himself is the creation of modular hydroponic installations for

- increasing the variety of forms of vertical landscaping systems in the city, in residential and non-residential premises,

- the creation of new building materials for the construction of buildings,

- creating new forms of environmental air purification,

- the creation of new tools to reduce noise,

- creating new opportunities for gardeners to increase the area of beds, placing them vertically, solve problems with weeds, facilitate the maintenance of beds (no need to bend down constantly)

The technical result of creating a modular hydroponic installation is that the proposed design improves plant growth and preservation in the conditions of placement of moss-peat blocks both indoors and outdoors. The proposed installation is a new form of vertical gardening. Traditionally, we meet in street gardening with the placement of flower pots on pillars, and they are also hung on curly supports. In this case, we also deal with hydroponic systems. Water with nutrients is usually poured into the lower reservoir, located under the bottom of the pot. In these systems, watering plants and caring for them is difficult, which limits their choice. With traditional forms of vertical gardening, seasonal annual plants are usually planted in a pot, and after the end of the season they are thrown away. Our installation allows you to create

a single green vertical canvas, in which the most diverse species coexist.

We can also afford the planting of perennial plants that calmly survive the period of hibernation in the ground, and in spring give abundant buds.

The design makes it easier to care for plants, since to irrigate the system in outdoor conditions, it is enough to bring a hose through which water is pumped to the perforated pipe located on the top floor of the installation. Through holes in the pipe, the length of which corresponds to the length of the structure, water enters the layer of aggro, in which the irrigation pipe is located. The purpose of these fibrous materials is to make the irrigation of the structure more uniform. During irrigation, water with nutrients quickly wets peat with the roots of plants there, and then drains. A layer of sphagnum moss will allow water to linger for a long time, because sphagnum is able to accumulate water in its cells 15 times its weight. Then this water is gradually given to plants. Sphagnum moss is also used in our plants due to its bactericidal properties, preventing plant disease.

In cases where our installation is used to house plants, the role of a water supply system or a barrel of water placed on the machine is played by a tank into which water with mineral additives is poured once a week. A pump is immersed in the tank, which turns on depending on the mode set on the timer, ensuring the delivery of water to the upper irrigation tank. Through holes made in the tank, water enters the layer of high peat or other fibrous material, which ensures uniform watering of the structure. The connection of modular plants allows you to create flowering surfaces unlimited in width and varying from 0.4 m to 20 m in height, depending on the mounting methods. In the facilities used in the premises, we also thought out a system of automatic plant illumination with the help of lamps mounted on structural elements. The luminaires also turn on depending on the parameters set on the timer.

The properties listed above allow the installation to be used for vertical gardening both indoors and outdoors, both for indoor plants and for seasonal plants, both for annual plants and perennials. We also see the benefits of using our moss-peat walls for amateur gardeners. In addition to the possibility of creating a flowering fence, it is possible to grow vegetables on this wall. Increased planting area compared to

horizontal beds occurs 10-16 times. Caring for plants planted vertically is much more convenient - fewer diseases of the back.

The plastic box, which limits the volume of the moss-peat block, has a cellular structure, which makes it possible to add peat and moss through these cells without analyzing the structure. The metal mesh coated with PVC has similar properties. The cellular structure is also important for decorating street structures during the winter. One of the options for such decoration we see the use of branches of coniferous trees, in which a plastic cap (10 cm long) with gel is placed on the trunk of the branch, allowing the branch dropped into it to keep the needles longer.

One of the most economical methods of vertical gardening that we can offer on the basis of our installation is to fasten one row of moss-peat blocks with an irrigation system on existing gratings. In this case, it is supposed to plant perennial plants in moss-peat blocks - vines, giving a plentiful green mass, such as hops, girl's grapes, etc.

We also developed a minimal block with dimensions of 150 × 150 × 150 mm for planting one plant. Specially designed for its placement structures suggest its quick replacement indiscriminately.

The proposed installation helps to improve the ecology of its location. Plants - green lungs of the planet - a common fact. When placing the structure along the tracks, moss-peat blocks can be considered as filters for harmful impurities of automobile exhaust gases. In the conditions of Moscow, even roadside soil is being changed. Changing peat in our plant is less costly, and you can do this more frequently.

Hydroponic installation helps reduce noise from the operation of machinery, construction, provided that the problem areas are protected by our structures.

Utility Model Implementation

The completeness of the configuration of the described structures depends on the place of their installation and purpose.

When using them for street vertical gardening, we offer various types of equipment:

- for the design of building facades, the use of moss-peat blocks for one-sided planting is proposed. The side of the block adjacent to the building has a continuous plastic wall, which prevents the facade from moisture. Design

fastened with metal corners coated with powder paint. Plastic boxes are offered in two types - ordinary perforated and boxes with grooves and combs (prefabricated). The design is completed with a perforated plastic pipe placed in a layer of high peat of low degree of decomposition at the top of the structure. Watering the system is carried out through the irrigation hose inserted into the irrigation pipe of the structure. Watering is carried out when the hose is connected to the water supply system or is pumped from the tank (barrel, well, pond) using a pump. The power of the pump is determined by the size of the watered area.

- Unilateral fences also have a similar design. Particularly interesting is their placement along the tracks, around construction sites, in places where protection against noise, exhaust gases, and building dust is relevant.

- On the basis of this design, prefabricated buildings are also going to (cafes, houses for playgrounds, street toilets, kiosks, etc.)

- We also offer a design of one-sided blocks, elongated in one line, for placing them on existing grilles and fences. They propose to plant perennial creepers curling up the fence (Fig. 1). The irrigation system is the same.

- Bilateral fences are designed for bilateral planting. They have a large thickness (not less than 30 cm), which is due to the needs of plants. The rest of the structure is similar to the previous one.

- Lawn cushions have a relatively low cost, which contributes to their widespread use, ease and simplicity, which facilitates their installation on existing supports.

When using installations for vertical gardening in offices, residential premises, the complete set of modules is more complete. These are office partitions, and corner structures, and cylindrical shapes, and other complex structures. They are designed to decorate halls, floors, bathrooms, to create relaxation rooms. Since in these situations the main emphasis is on the aesthetic properties of the structure, the frame is preferably assembled from chrome tubes on Joker mounts. Also for public institutions we have developed designs from metal corners. When using installations in residential premises, we recommend the use of bamboo frames.

Office partitions are assembled from moss-peat blocks enclosed in plastic boxes of the above types, as well as in a metal grid coated with PVC. Office partitions can be stationary and on wheels - mobile. Partitions can be mounted in a single wall.

We also offer designs for decorating interiors of complex shape - cylinders, pyramids, tetraders. In this case, the required shape is made of a mesh coated with PVC.

The assembly of such structures involves the assembly in a single frame of chrome tubes of moss-peat blocks, the reservoir from which the plants are watered. Watering is carried out using a pump, the power of which is determined by the area of the surface to be watered, through a tube brought up to the structure in a perforated watering tank. The tank is lined with mineral aggro or other fibrous material for a more even distribution of irrigation. The watering mode is set on the timer and is adjusted automatically. The system is also equipped with lamps for illumination of plants. The backlight mode is also set on the timer.

The proposed installations relate to hydroponic systems, which implies periodic feeding of plants, which is introduced into the water or capsules into the soil.

Claims (4)

1. A moss-peat block containing a plastic box or a metal mesh coated with PVC, or a stainless steel mesh placed on the inside walls of the volume to be filled is a layer of sphagnum fibrous moss that accumulates moisture, and backfill inside this layer in the form of peat with mineral additives that stimulate plant growth. 2. A moss-peat block containing a metal mesh coated with PVC or stainless steel mesh, low peat decomposition peat, having a porous structure and moisture storage, in which cylindrical holes with a diameter of about 10 cm are made, directed downward at an angle of 45 °, with the possibility of planting plants in them, while the holes are filled with peat soil with additives, the surface of the block is decorated with moss sphagnum, pressed to the block with a metal mesh coated with powder paint. 3. A moss-peat block, sown with seeds of lawn or ground cover plants, containing a plastic box or a metal net coated with PVC, or a stainless steel net, peat soil, a layer of sphagnum moss, a layer of tow placed in a plastic net, sewn with fishing line with fasteners on corners for installation with the possibility of hanging the block on a support. 4. Hydroponic plant for growing ornamental plants and garden crops, consisting of moss and peat blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which are modular structural elements for vertical gardening, a water tank, a pump, an irrigation tank, lamps, timers, assembled on a frame from metal corners or pipes.