ES2859549T3 - Cryogenic distillation air separation apparatus and procedure - Google Patents

Cryogenic distillation air separation apparatus and procedure Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2859549T3
ES2859549T3 ES12714763T ES12714763T ES2859549T3 ES 2859549 T3 ES2859549 T3 ES 2859549T3 ES 12714763 T ES12714763 T ES 12714763T ES 12714763 T ES12714763 T ES 12714763T ES 2859549 T3 ES2859549 T3 ES 2859549T3
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Prior art keywords
oxygen
exchanger
pressure
conduit
air
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Spanish (es)
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Marie Cognard
Benoit Davidian
Richard Dubettier-Grenier
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/04103—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression using solely hydrostatic liquid head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
    • F25J3/04206—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions including a so-called "auxiliary vaporiser" for vaporising and producing a gaseous product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04418—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system with thermally overlapping high and low pressure columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04824—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming; Back-up procedures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04836—Variable air feed, i.e. "load" or product demand during specified periods, e.g. during periods with high respectively low power costs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04854—Safety aspects of operation
    • F25J3/0486—Safety aspects of operation of vaporisers for oxygen enriched liquids, e.g. purging of liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/50—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column
    • F25J2200/54—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column in the low pressure column of a double pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/50—Oxygen or special cases, e.g. isotope-mixtures or low purity O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/40—One fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

Aparato de separación de aire que comprende una doble columna que comprende una columna de media presión (27) y una columna de baja presión (29), un intercambiador principal (21), un vaporizador (41), un compresor principal (2), unos medios para enviar cualquier aire a tratar en la doble columna al compresor principal para producir aire sustancialmente a la presión P1 de la columna de media presión, unos medios (5) para enviar una parte del aire sustancialmente a una presión elevada P2 al intercambiador principal y después al vaporizador, un conducto para enviar aire al menos parcialmente condensado en el vaporizador a al menos una de las columnas, un conducto para enviar aire a la presión P1 a la columna de media presión, unos medios de presurización (39) constituidos por una primera bomba, un conducto para extraer oxígeno líquido de la columna de baja presión y para enviarlo a los medios de presurización, un conducto para enviar oxígeno líquido presurizado a una presión inferior a 9 bares abs de los medios de presurización al vaporizador, un conducto para envirar oxígeno gaseoso del vaporizador al intercambiador principal para recalentarse para formar un primer caudal de oxígeno gaseoso, caracterizado por que comprende una segunda bomba de líquido de purga (63), un conducto de purga para enviar oxígeno líquido de purga (43) del vaporizador a la segunda bomba de líquido de purga para presurizarlo, no estando el conducto de purga conectado a un almacenamiento de líquido de purga, y por que comprende - o bien un conducto para enviar oxígeno presurizado desde la segunda bomba al intercambiador principal (21) para vaporizarse y formar un segundo caudal de oxígeno gaseoso, - o bien un intercambiador (21A) distinto del intercambiador principal y un conducto para enviar oxígeno presurizado desde la segunda bomba al intercambiador para vaporizarse y formar un segundo caudal de oxígeno gaseoso, por que comprende un conducto de aire comprimido conectado al compresor principal y a un conducto unido a la doble columna, estando el intercambiador principal, o según el caso, el intercambiador, conectado al conducto de aire comprimido conectado al compresor principal y al conducto conectado a la doble columna, y por que comprende un almacenamiento gaseoso bajo presión (3) conectado al intercambiador (21, 21A) de vaporización de oxígeno de purga para recoger el oxígeno gaseoso.Air separation apparatus comprising a double column comprising a medium pressure column (27) and a low pressure column (29), a main exchanger (21), a vaporizer (41), a main compressor (2), means for sending any air to be treated in the double column to the main compressor to produce air substantially at the pressure P1 of the medium pressure column, means (5) for sending a part of the air substantially at a high pressure P2 to the main exchanger and then to the vaporizer, a conduit to send air at least partially condensed in the vaporizer to at least one of the columns, a conduit to send air at pressure P1 to the medium pressure column, pressurization means (39) constituted by a first pump, a conduit to extract liquid oxygen from the low-pressure column and to send it to the pressurization means, a conduit to send pressurized liquid oxygen at a pressure lower than 9 bars abs of the pressurizing means to the vaporizer, a conduit for sending gaseous oxygen from the vaporizer to the main exchanger to be reheated to form a first gaseous oxygen flow, characterized in that it comprises a second purge liquid pump (63), a conduit for purge to send purge liquid oxygen (43) from the vaporizer to the second purge liquid pump to pressurize it, the purge conduit not being connected to a purge liquid storage, and because it comprises - either a conduit to send oxygen pressurized from the second pump to the main exchanger (21) to vaporize and form a second flow of oxygen gas, - or an exchanger (21A) other than the main exchanger and a conduit to send pressurized oxygen from the second pump to the exchanger to vaporize and to form a second flow of gaseous oxygen, because it comprises a compressed air duct connected to the main compressor l and a duct connected to the double column, the main exchanger, or depending on the case, the exchanger, being connected to the compressed air duct connected to the main compressor and to the duct connected to the double column, and because it comprises a gas storage under pressure (3) connected to the purge oxygen vaporization exchanger (21, 21A) to collect gaseous oxygen.

Description

DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION

Aparato y procedimiento de separación de aire por destilación criogénicaCryogenic distillation air separation apparatus and procedure

La presente invención se refiere a un aparato y a un procedimiento de separación de aire por destilación de aire, conforme a los preámbulos de las reivindicaciones 1 y 3 respectivamente y conocido por el documento WO-A-10/109149.The present invention relates to an apparatus and a process for separating air by air distillation, according to the preambles of claims 1 and 3 respectively and known from document WO-A-10/109149.

En particular, se refiere a la producción de oxígeno gaseoso a una presión inferior a 9 bares abs, incluso inferior a 5 bares abs. El oxígeno gaseoso puede contener eventualmente menos del 98% en moles de oxígeno.In particular, it refers to the production of gaseous oxygen at a pressure lower than 9 bar abs, even lower than 5 bar abs. The gaseous oxygen can optionally contain less than 98% oxygen by moles.

Es necesario producir grandes cantidades de oxígeno que tenga estas características para alimentar los aparatos de oxicombustión, entre otros.It is necessary to produce large amounts of oxygen with these characteristics to feed oxy-fuel equipment, among others.

Se conoce por el documento WO-A-10/109149 vaporizar un caudal de oxígeno líquido a baja presión en un vaporizador externo para producir oxígeno gaseoso que se recalienta después en un intercambiador principal.It is known from WO-A-10/109149 to vaporize a low pressure liquid oxygen stream in an external vaporizer to produce gaseous oxygen which is then reheated in a main exchanger.

Se conoce vaporizar la purga de una columna de destilación a fin de recuperar las frigorías, por ejemplo por el documento US-A-5408831.It is known to vaporize the purge of a distillation column in order to recover the frigories, for example from US-A-5408831.

Los documentos US-A-5765396 y US-A-5251451 describen unas instalaciones según el preámbulo de la reivindicación 1.Documents US-A-5765396 and US-A-5251451 describe installations according to the preamble of claim 1.

Por el contrario, la presente invención propone vaporizar la purga de desconcentración de un vaporizador en un intercambiador a fin de recuperar las frigorías, siendo este vaporizador el intercambiador que permite vaporizar un líquido del aparato a presión para producir un producto gaseoso bajo presión.On the contrary, the present invention proposes to vaporize the deconcentration purge of a vaporizer in an exchanger in order to recover the frigories, this vaporizer being the exchanger that allows vaporizing a liquid from the apparatus under pressure to produce a gaseous product under pressure.

Es deseable enviar la purga a un almacenamiento gaseoso bajo presión que permita mantener una producción estable tanto de caudal como de presión.It is desirable to send the purge to a gaseous storage under pressure that allows to maintain a stable production of both flow and pressure.

Según un objeto de la invención, se prevé un aparato según la reivindicación 1.According to an object of the invention, an apparatus according to claim 1 is provided.

Opcionalmente:Optionally:

el intercambiador conectado al conducto de oxígeno de purga es el intercambiador principal.the exchanger connected to the purge oxygen line is the main exchanger.

el intercambiador conectado al conducto de oxígeno de purga es un intercambiador distinto del intercambiador principal. el intercambiador comprende unos pasos conectados a un conducto de entrada de aire de alimentación y unos pasos conectados a un conducto de entrada de fluido frigorígeno, procedente eventualmente de la doble columna.the exchanger connected to the purge oxygen line is a different exchanger from the main exchanger. The exchanger comprises passages connected to a supply air inlet duct and passages connected to a refrigerant fluid inlet duct, possibly coming from the double column.

Según otro objeto de la invención, se prevé un procedimiento según la reivindicación 3.According to another object of the invention, a method according to claim 3 is provided.

Opcionalmente:Optionally:

el oxígeno de purga se presuriza a una presión de al menos 10 bares abs, preferentemente al menos 15 bares abs, incluso al menos 20 bares abs en la segunda bomba.The purge oxygen is pressurized to a pressure of at least 10 bar abs, preferably at least 15 bar abs, even at least 20 bar abs in the second pump.

el oxígeno de purga se vaporiza en el intercambiador principal.the purge oxygen vaporizes in the main exchanger.

el oxígeno de purga se vaporiza en el intercambiador diferente del intercambiador principal.the purge oxygen vaporizes in the exchanger other than the main exchanger.

una cantidad variable del segundo caudal de oxígeno gaseoso se mezcla con el primer caudal a fin de producir un caudal mezclado sustancialmente constante.a variable amount of the second flow rate of oxygen gas is mixed with the first flow rate to produce a substantially constant mixed flow rate.

el oxígeno líquido extraído de la columna de baja presión contiene al menos un 80% en moles de oxígeno el oxígeno líquido extraído de la columna de baja presión constituye el único caudal que contiene al menos un 80% en moles de oxígeno extraído de la columna de baja presión.the liquid oxygen extracted from the low-pressure column contains at least 80% by moles of oxygen the liquid oxygen extracted from the low-pressure column constitutes the only flow that contains at least 80% by moles of oxygen extracted from the column of low pressure.

el oxígeno líquido extraído de la columna de baja presión contiene como máximo un 98% en moles oxígeno the liquid oxygen extracted from the low-pressure column contains a maximum of 98 mol% oxygen

La invención se describirá más en detalle en referencia a las figuras que ilustran unos aparatos de separación de aire según la invención.The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figures illustrating air separation apparatuses according to the invention.

En la Figura 1, el aparato comprende una línea de intercambio 21 y una doble columna constituida por una columna de media presión 27 y una columna de baja presión 29.In Figure 1, the apparatus comprises an exchange line 21 and a double column constituted by a medium pressure column 27 and a low pressure column 29.

Todo el aire 1 se comprime en el compresor principal 2 para producir aire a presión P1 sustancialmente igual a la presión de la columna de media presión 27. El aire a la presión P1 se enfría en un enfriador 7, se depura en una unidad de depuración 9 y se divide en tres fracciones. La primera fracción 11 está se somete a sobrepresión en un sobrepresor, que puede estar constituido por el último nivel del compresor principal, último nivel que forma parte de la segunda parte del compresor. La presión P1 es inferior a 5 bares abs, incluso a 4,5 bares abs, preferiblemente inferior a 4 bares, y más preferiblemente inferior a 3,5 bares abs. All the air 1 is compressed in the main compressor 2 to produce air at pressure P1 substantially equal to the pressure of the medium pressure column 27. The air at pressure P1 is cooled in a cooler 7, it is purified in a purification unit 9 and divided into three fractions. The first fraction 11 is subjected to overpressure in an overpressor, which can be constituted by the last level of the main compressor, the last level that forms part of the second part of the compressor. The pressure P1 is less than 5 bar abs, even 4.5 bar abs, preferably less than 4 bar, and more preferably less than 3.5 bar abs.

La primera fracción 11 se lleva a una presión P2 mediante el multiplicador de presión (booster 5) o un compresor independiente 5 y se enfría a esta presión en un enfriador (no ilustrado) antes de ser enviada a la línea de intercambio 21. La línea de intercambio está constituida por un intercambiador de calor indirecto de aluminio con placas soldadas. La fracción 11 se envía después en forma gaseosa a un vaporizador 41 en el que se condensa al menos parcialmente antes de expandirse y enviarse a la columna de presión media 27. La presión P2 es inferior a 15 bares abs, preferiblemente inferior a 10 bares, y más preferiblemente inferior a 6 bares abs. La fracción 11 es inferior a la mitad del caudal 1, y preferiblemente inferior a una tercera parte del caudal 1.The first fraction 11 is brought to a pressure P2 by means of the pressure multiplier (booster 5) or a separate compressor 5 and is cooled to this pressure in a cooler (not illustrated) before being sent to the exchange line 21. The line The exchange is made up of an indirect aluminum heat exchanger with welded plates. The fraction 11 is then sent in gaseous form to a vaporizer 41 where it is at least partially condensed before expanding and being sent to the medium pressure column 27. The pressure P2 is less than 15 bars abs, preferably less than 10 bars, and more preferably less than 6 bar abs. Fraction 11 is less than half of flow rate 1, and preferably less than one third of flow rate 1.

La segunda fracción 13 a la presión P1 se enfría completamente en la línea de intercambio 21 y se divide en dos flujos. El primer flujo 23 se envía a un evaporador de tanque 33 de la columna de baja presión 29 en el que se condensa al menos parcialmente y se envía a la columna de media presión, mezclado con el caudal 11. El segundo flujo 25 se envía en forma gaseosa a la columna de media presión 27.The second fraction 13 at the pressure P1 is completely cooled in the exchange line 21 and is divided into two flows. The first flow 23 is sent to a tank evaporator 33 of the low pressure column 29 in which it is at least partially condensed and sent to the medium pressure column, mixed with the flow 11. The second flow 25 is sent in gaseous form to medium pressure column 27.

La tercera fracción 15 se somete a sobrepresión en un sobrepresor 17, se enfría parcialmente en la línea de intercambio 21, se extrae de la línea de intercambio a un nivel intermedio de esta y se expande en una turbina 19 acoplada al sobrepresor 17 antes de enviarse a la columna de baja presión 29.The third fraction 15 is subjected to overpressure in an overpressor 17, is partially cooled in the exchange line 21, is extracted from the exchange line to an intermediate level of this and is expanded in a turbine 19 coupled to the overpressor 17 before being sent to the low pressure column 29.

Un caudal de líquido enriquecido con oxígeno 55, un caudal intermedio 53 y un caudal líquido rico en nitrógeno 51 se extraen de la columna de media presión 27, se enfrían en el intercambiador 31, se expanden y se envían a diferentes niveles de la columna de baja presión 29.An oxygen-enriched liquid flow 55, an intermediate flow 53 and a nitrogen-rich liquid flow 51 are drawn from the medium pressure column 27, cooled in the exchanger 31, expanded and sent to different levels of the column of low pressure 29.

Se condensa el nitrógeno gaseoso de media presión 49 en un vaporizador intermedio 35 de la columna de baja presión 29 y se envía como reflujo a la parte superior de la columna de media presión 27. Otro caudal de nitrógeno gaseoso de media presión 47 se recalienta en la línea de intercambio.The medium pressure nitrogen gas 49 is condensed in an intermediate vaporizer 35 of the low pressure column 29 and sent as reflux to the upper part of the medium pressure column 27. Another stream of medium pressure nitrogen gas 47 is reheated at the exchange line.

El oxígeno líquido 37, que contiene al menos un 80% en moles de oxígeno y eventualmente como máximo un 98% en moles de oxígeno, se extrae en el tanque de la columna de baja presión 29, se presuriza mediante una bomba 39 a una presión inferior a 9 bares abs, incluso inferior a 5 bares abs y se envía al vaporizador 41. A parte de una purga de líquido 43, el oxígeno se vaporiza en el vaporizador 41 por intercambio de calor con la fracción de aire 11 a la presión P2. Este oxígeno forma después el primer caudal de oxígeno gaseoso presurizado 45 que se recalienta en la línea de intercambio 21. La fracción de aire 11 se encuentra parcialmente condensada y se envía a la doble columna.Liquid oxygen 37, which contains at least 80% by mole of oxygen and optionally at most 98% by mole of oxygen, is extracted in the tank of the low pressure column 29, it is pressurized by means of a pump 39 at a pressure lower than 9 bar abs, even lower than 5 bar abs and is sent to vaporizer 41. Apart from a liquid purge 43, oxygen is vaporized in vaporizer 41 by heat exchange with air fraction 11 at pressure P2 . This oxygen then forms the first pressurized gaseous oxygen stream 45 which is reheated in the exchange line 21. The air fraction 11 is partially condensed and is sent to the double column.

El líquido de purga 43 se presuriza hasta una presión de al menos 10 bares abs, o de al menos 15 bares abs, incluso al menos 20 bares abs en una bomba 63 y después se vaporiza en la línea de intercambio 21. El segundo caudal gaseoso así producido 59 se envía a un almacenamiento gaseoso bajo presión 3 y se expande para mezclarse con el caudal 45 a través del conducto 61.The purge liquid 43 is pressurized to a pressure of at least 10 bar abs, or at least 15 bar abs, even at least 20 bar abs in a pump 63 and then vaporizes in the exchange line 21. The second gaseous flow rate thus produced 59 is sent to a gaseous storage under pressure 3 and expands to mix with flow 45 through conduit 61.

Aquí, la vaporización de líquido de purga se efectúa utilizando principalmente calor sensible, de manera que ningún caudal de aire que sale del intercambiador 21 se condensa totalmente, incluso no se condensa.Here, the vaporization of the purge liquid is carried out using mainly sensible heat, so that no air flow exiting the exchanger 21 is fully condensed, even not condensed.

Alternativamente, como se ilustra en la Figura 2, el líquido de purga presurizado 43 puede vaporizarse en un intercambiador auxiliar 21A, distinto de la línea de intercambio, contra un caudal de aire 25A y con un caudal de fluido frigorígeno, por ejemplo un caudal de nitrógeno 57A que se recalienta desde el procedimiento de separación.Alternatively, as illustrated in Figure 2, the pressurized purge liquid 43 can be vaporized in an auxiliary exchanger 21A, other than the exchange line, against a flow rate of air 25A and with a flow rate of refrigerant fluid, for example a flow rate of 57A nitrogen that is reheated from the separation procedure.

El caudal 25A enfriado en el intercambiador 21A se mezcla con el caudal enfriado 25 y el caudal de nitrógeno 57A recalentado en el intercambiador 21A se mezcla con el caudal recalentado 57.The cooled flow 25A in exchanger 21A is mixed with the cooled flow 25 and the superheated nitrogen flow 57A in exchanger 21A is mixed with the superheated flow 57.

El segundo caudal de oxígeno gaseoso 59, 61, formado por la vaporización, se puede utilizar como gas de respaldo durante una interrupción de la producción de oxígeno gaseoso 45.The second gaseous oxygen stream 59, 61, formed by vaporization, can be used as a back-up gas during an interruption in gaseous oxygen production 45.

Así, el único caudal de aire que sirve para vaporizar el oxígeno de purga 43 permanece en forma gaseosa en el intercambiador 21A y la vaporización se realiza por intercambio de calor sensible.Thus, the only air flow that serves to vaporize the purge oxygen 43 remains in gaseous form in the exchanger 21A and the vaporization is carried out by sensible heat exchange.

Para todas las figuras, una cantidad variable del segundo caudal de oxígeno gaseoso se mezcla con el primer caudal a fin de producir un caudal mezclado sustancialmente constante.For all figures, a variable amount of the second flow rate of oxygen gas is mixed with the first flow rate to produce a substantially constant mixed flow rate.

Esta cantidad variable del líquido de purga vaporizado se puede mezclar con el primer caudal 45 para suavizar las variaciones de caudales debida, por ejemplo, a variaciones de la presión de la red de oxígeno.This variable amount of vaporized purge liquid can be mixed with the first flow 45 to smooth variations in flow rates due, for example, to variations in the pressure of the oxygen network.

Al detectar una reducción de presión en la línea 45, debida, por ejemplo, a una demanda incrementada de oxígeno, se puede descomprimir oxígeno y se puede enviar desde el almacenamiento 3 hacia la línea 45 por el conducto 61. En caso de avería del aparato de separación de aire, el caudal de oxígeno 45 se reducirá o será inexistente. En este caso, el caudal de oxígeno 63 del almacenamiento 3 puede suministrar a un cliente, el tiempo en que se ponga en marcha un vaporizador de emergencia, para evitar cualquier parada de producción. By detecting a reduction in pressure in line 45, due, for example, to increased oxygen demand, oxygen can be decompressed and sent from storage 3 to line 45 via line 61. In case of failure of the apparatus air separation, the oxygen flow rate 45 will be reduced or absent. In this case, the oxygen flow 63 of the storage 3 can supply a customer, the time an emergency vaporizer is started, to avoid any production stoppage.

El caudal 37 es el único caudal que contiene más del 60% en moles de oxígeno extraído de la columna de baja presión. El almacenamiento 3 trabaja a una presión más elevada que el caudal 45. Flow 37 is the only flow that contains more than 60 mole% oxygen extracted from the low pressure column. Storage 3 works at a higher pressure than flow 45.

Claims (9)

REIVINDICACIONES 1. Aparato de separación de aire que comprende una doble columna que comprende una columna de media presión (27) y una columna de baja presión (29), un intercambiador principal (21), un vaporizador (41), un compresor principal (2), unos medios para enviar cualquier aire a tratar en la doble columna al compresor principal para producir aire sustancialmente a la presión P1 de la columna de media presión, unos medios (5) para enviar una parte del aire sustancialmente a una presión elevada P2 al intercambiador principal y después al vaporizador, un conducto para enviar aire al menos parcialmente condensado en el vaporizador a al menos una de las columnas, un conducto para enviar aire a la presión P1 a la columna de media presión, unos medios de presurización (39) constituidos por una primera bomba, un conducto para extraer oxígeno líquido de la columna de baja presión y para enviarlo a los medios de presurización, un conducto para enviar oxígeno líquido presurizado a una presión inferior a 9 bares abs de los medios de presurización al vaporizador, un conducto para envirar oxígeno gaseoso del vaporizador al intercambiador principal para recalentarse para formar un primer caudal de oxígeno gaseoso, caracterizado por que comprende una segunda bomba de líquido de purga (63), un conducto de purga para enviar oxígeno líquido de purga (43) del vaporizador a la segunda bomba de líquido de purga para presurizarlo, no estando el conducto de purga conectado a un almacenamiento de líquido de purga, y por que comprende1. Air separation apparatus comprising a double column comprising a medium pressure column (27) and a low pressure column (29), a main exchanger (21), a vaporizer (41), a main compressor (2 ), means for sending any air to be treated in the double column to the main compressor to produce air substantially at the pressure P1 of the medium pressure column, means (5) for sending a part of the air substantially at a high pressure P2 to the main exchanger and then to the vaporizer, a conduit to send air at least partially condensed in the vaporizer to at least one of the columns, a conduit to send air at pressure P1 to the medium pressure column, pressurization means (39) consisting of a first pump, a conduit to extract liquid oxygen from the low pressure column and to send it to the pressurization means, a conduit to send pressurized liquid oxygen at a pressure below 9 bars abs of the pressurization means to the vaporizer, a conduit to send gaseous oxygen from the vaporizer to the main exchanger to be reheated to form a first gaseous oxygen flow, characterized in that it comprises a second purge liquid pump (63), a conduit purge to send purge liquid oxygen (43) from the vaporizer to the second purge liquid pump to pressurize it, the purge conduit not being connected to a purge liquid storage, and because it comprises - o bien un conducto para enviar oxígeno presurizado desde la segunda bomba al intercambiador principal (21) para vaporizarse y formar un segundo caudal de oxígeno gaseoso,- or a conduit to send pressurized oxygen from the second pump to the main exchanger (21) to vaporize and form a second flow of gaseous oxygen, - o bien un intercambiador (21A) distinto del intercambiador principal y un conducto para enviar oxígeno presurizado desde la segunda bomba al intercambiador para vaporizarse y formar un segundo caudal de oxígeno gaseoso, por que comprende un conducto de aire comprimido conectado al compresor principal y a un conducto unido a la doble columna, estando el intercambiador principal, o según el caso, el intercambiador, conectado al conducto de aire comprimido conectado al compresor principal y al conducto conectado a la doble columna, y por que comprende un almacenamiento gaseoso bajo presión (3) conectado al intercambiador (21,21A) de vaporización de oxígeno de purga para recoger el oxígeno gaseoso.- either an exchanger (21A) other than the main exchanger and a conduit to send pressurized oxygen from the second pump to the exchanger to vaporize and form a second flow of gaseous oxygen, because it comprises a compressed air conduit connected to the main compressor and to a duct connected to the double column, the main exchanger being, or depending on the case, the exchanger, connected to the compressed air duct connected to the main compressor and to the duct connected to the double column, and because it comprises a gas storage under pressure (3 ) connected to the purge oxygen vaporization exchanger (21,21A) to collect gaseous oxygen. 2. Aparato según la reivindicación 1, en el que el intercambiador (21, 21A) comprende unos pasos conectados a un conducto de entrada de aire de alimentación y unos pasos conectados a un conducto de entrada de fluido frigorígeno, procedente eventualmente de la doble columna.Apparatus according to claim 1, in which the exchanger (21, 21A) comprises passages connected to a supply air inlet conduit and passages connected to a refrigerant fluid inlet conduit, possibly coming from the double column. . 3. Procedimiento de separación de aire en un aparato que comprende una doble columna que comprende una columna de media presión (27) y una columna de baja presión (29), un intercambiador principal (21), un vaporizador (41), un compresor principal (2) y unos medios de presurización (43) constituidos por una primera bomba, en el que se envía todo el aire a tratar en la doble columna al compresor principal para producir aire sustancialmente a la presión P1 de la columna de media presión, se envía una parte del aire sustancialmente a una presión elevada P2 al intercambiador principal y después al vaporizador, se envía aire al menos parcialmente condensado en el vaporizador a al menos una de las columnas, se envía aire a la presión P1 a la columna de median presión, se extrae oxígeno líquido de la columna de baja presión y se presuriza, se envía oxígeno líquido presurizado a una presión inferior a 9 bares al vaporizador y se envía un primer caudal de oxígeno gaseoso desde el vaporizador al intercambiador principal para recalentarse, caracterizado por que el aparato comprende una segunda bomba de líquido de purga (63) y por que se presuriza el oxígeno líquido de purga (43) del vaporizador en la segunda bomba de líquido de purga, el oxígeno líquido de purga se presuriza sin haberse almacenado y después se evapora en un intercambiador, que es el intercambiador principal (21) o un intercambiador (21A) distinto del intercambiador principal por intercambio de calor con aire, comprimido en el compresor principal y destinado a la doble columna, para formar un segundo caudal de oxígeno gaseoso, y el segundo caudal de oxígeno gaseoso se envía a un almacenamiento gaseoso bajo presión (3) y sirve como producción de respaldo.3. Air separation process in an apparatus comprising a double column comprising a medium pressure column (27) and a low pressure column (29), a main exchanger (21), a vaporizer (41), a compressor main (2) and pressurization means (43) constituted by a first pump, in which all the air to be treated in the double column is sent to the main compressor to produce air substantially at the pressure P1 of the medium pressure column, a part of the air at substantially elevated pressure P2 is sent to the main exchanger and then to the vaporizer, air at least partially condensed in the vaporizer is sent to at least one of the columns, air at pressure P1 is sent to the media column pressure, liquid oxygen is withdrawn from the low-pressure column and pressurized, pressurized liquid oxygen at a pressure below 9 bar is sent to the vaporizer and a first flow of gaseous oxygen is sent from the vaporizer to the main exchanger for reheating, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a second purge liquid pump (63) and in that the purge liquid oxygen (43) from the vaporizer is pressurized in the second purge liquid pump, the purge liquid oxygen it is pressurized without being stored and then evaporated in an exchanger, which is the main exchanger (21) or an exchanger (21A) other than the main exchanger by heat exchange with air, compressed in the main compressor and destined for the double column, to form a second gaseous oxygen flow, and the second gaseous oxygen flow is sent to a gas storage under pressure (3) and serves as backup production. 4. Procedimiento según la reivindicación 3, en el que el oxígeno de purga (43) se presuriza a una presión de al menos 10 bares abs, preferentemente al menos 15 bares abs, incluso al menos 20 bares abs en la segunda bomba (63). Process according to claim 3, in which the purge oxygen (43) is pressurized to a pressure of at least 10 bar abs, preferably at least 15 bar abs, even at least 20 bar abs in the second pump (63) . 5. Procedimiento según una de las reivindicaciones 3 o 4, en el que una cantidad variable del segundo caudal de oxígeno gaseoso (61) se mezcla con el primer caudal (45) de oxígeno gaseoso a fin de producir un caudal mezclado sustancialmente constante.Process according to one of claims 3 or 4, wherein a variable amount of the second oxygen gas flow rate (61) is mixed with the first oxygen gas flow rate (45) in order to produce a substantially constant mixed flow rate. 6. Procedimiento según una de las reivindicaciones 3 a 5, en el que el oxígeno líquido (37) extraído de la columna de baja presión (29) contiene al menos un 80% en moles de oxígeno.Process according to one of Claims 3 to 5, in which the liquid oxygen (37) extracted from the low-pressure column (29) contains at least 80% oxygen by mol. 7. Procedimiento según la reivindicación 6, en el que el oxígeno líquido (37) extraído de la columna de baja presión (29) constituye el único caudal que contiene al menos un 80% en moles de oxígeno extraído de la columna de baja presión.Process according to claim 6, in which the liquid oxygen (37) extracted from the low pressure column (29) constitutes the only flow that contains at least 80% in moles of oxygen extracted from the low pressure column. 8. Procedimiento según una de las reivindicaciones 3 a 7, en el que el oxígeno líquido (37) extraído de la columna de baja presión (29) contiene como máximo un 98% en moles de oxígeno.Process according to one of Claims 3 to 7, in which the liquid oxygen (37) extracted from the low-pressure column (29) contains at most 98 mol% oxygen. 9. Procedimiento según una de las reivindicaciones 3 a 8, en el que no se condensa totalmente ningún caudal de aire, incluso no se condensa en el intercambiador (21,21A) en el que se vaporiza el oxígeno de purga (43). Method according to one of Claims 3 to 8, in which no air flow is completely condensed, or even does not condense in the exchanger (21,21A) in which the purge oxygen (43) is vaporized.
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US20130340476A1 (en) 2013-12-26
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