ES2763037T3 - Facade cladding system - Google Patents

Abstract

Facade cladding system, comprising: - support profiles (1) that are fixed to a facade structure (2), arranged in a horizontal position, said support profiles (1) presenting a base part (1a) that it is applied against said facade structure (2) and a cantilevered part (1b) that forms a cradle (3) at its end; - panels (4) that are supported by said support profiles (1), so that they are arranged parallel to said facade structure (2) and distanced from the latter; said panels (4) being prefabricated flat cement mortar panels, provided with bushings (5) embedded in the mass of cement mortar of the panel (4), each of said bushings (5) forming a hole (6) seen from the face (7) of said panel (4) facing said facade structure (2); - Support arrangements (8) through which said panels rest on said support profiles (1), each of said support arrangements (8) comprising a stem (9) that is inserted into one of said holes (6) formed by a bushing (5) on a panel (4), and a support piece (10) that is fixed to said stem (9) and that rests on a bottom (19) of said cradle (3) of the support profile (1); said support piece (10) comprising a through hole (11) that tightly receives said stem (9); - first fixing means (12, 13, 14) for fixing to said bush (5) said stem (9) inserted in said hole (6) of the bush (5); - second fixing means (15, 16) for fixing said support piece (10) to said stem (9); - said first fixing means (12, 13, 14) and said second fixing means (15, 16) being configured in such a way as to allow adjusting a distance between said support piece (10) and the panel (4) to the which is fixed through said stem (9); wherein said support piece (10) comprises at least two support sides (17), adapted so that said support piece (10) can rest on the bottom (19) of said cradle (3) alternately by each from said support sides (17), and said through hole (11) that tightly receives said stem (9) is located at a different distance from at least two of said support sides (17); characterized in that next to at least some of said support sides (17) an identification mark (18) is made on said support piece (10), the identification mark (18) being next to a support side (17) different from the identifying mark (18) next to another support side (17) that is at a different distance from said through hole (11).

Description

DESCRIPTION

Facade cladding system.

Field of the Invention

The invention is in the field of façade cladding, in particular the cladding used to form ventilated facades by laying cement mortar panels on a facade structure. More specifically, the invention relates to a facade cladding system of the type comprising: - support profiles that are fixed to a facade structure, arranged in a horizontal position, said support profiles presenting a base part that is applied against the facade structure and a cantilevered part that forms a cradle at its end;

- panels that are supported by the support profiles, in such a way that they are arranged parallel to and separated from the facade structure; the panels are prefabricated flat panels of cement mortar, provided with bushings embedded in the panel's cement mortar mass, each of said bushings forming a hole seen by the face of the panel facing the facade structure;

- support arrangements through which the panels rest on the support profiles, each one of said support arrangements comprising a stem that is inserted into one of the holes formed by a bush in a panel, and a piece of support that is fixed to the stem and rests on a bottom of the cradle of the support profile; said support piece comprising a through hole that tightly receives the stem;

- first fixing means for fixing the stem inserted in the hole of said socket to the bushing;

- second fixing means for fixing the support piece to the stem;

- the first fixing means and the second fixing means being configured in such a way that they allow to regulate a separation distance between the support piece and the panel to which it is fixed through the stem.

State of the art

Documents WO2008139003A1, WO2010112634A1 and ES2431264A1, all of them patent applications in the name of the present applicant, disclose various solutions for the type of facade cladding to which the invention refers. Although these solutions, applied to different types of installations and environments, offer satisfactory results, they are subject to improvement in terms of the ease and versatility with which they allow the panels to be installed in a facade structure.

EP1120513A2 discloses an adjusting element for fixing cladding panels. The adjusting element has a polygonal slot, with which it can be suspended in a support construction, and a threaded hole to fix the panel, said threaded hole being eccentrically arranged to the polygonal slot. This eccentric arrangement of the threaded hole allows the height of the panel to be adjusted by rotating the adjustment element.

Description of the Invention

The invention aims to provide a façade cladding system of the type indicated at the beginning, which allows easier installation of the panels in a façade structure and in such a way that it is possible to regulate the position of the panels in height.

This purpose is achieved by means of a façade cladding system of the type indicated at the beginning, characterized in that the support piece comprises at least two support sides, adapted so that said support piece can rest on the bottom of the profile cradle alternatively for each one of said support sides, and because the through hole that tightly receives the stem is at a different distance from at least two of said support sides. An identifying mark is made on the support piece next to at least some support sides, the identifying mark being next to a different supporting side from the identifying mark next to another supporting side that is at a different distance from said through hole.

Thanks to this particular configuration, when the support piece rests on one of its support sides on the At the bottom of the cradle of the support profile, the through hole is in a predetermined vertical position with respect to said support profile, while when it rests on another of its support sides, it is in a different predetermined vertical position. The installer can thus easily adjust the vertical position of the panel, by arranging the support piece with one or the other of its support sides facing the cradle of the support profile. In addition, since the different possible vertical positions of the panel are predetermined, since they each correspond to a support side of the support piece, no adjustments are made to the vertical position of the panel by screwing on pieces, as occurs in the state of the prior art, whereby no inaccuracies are incurred in the position of the installed panel. The system according to the invention guarantees that the panel is always perfectly horizontal to the support profile, and yet allows its height to be easily adjusted by choosing it among several predetermined values that correspond to each different support side of the support part. As a result of the identifying marks, the installation technician can correctly orient the support piece to place the panel in the predetermined vertical position when the panels are installed in a facade structure.

In this document, the term “façade structure” designates any structure that itself forms a façade or that is installed on a façade, including the exterior wall of a façade as well as a structure of bars attached to a wall façade exterior, as in the embodiment examples described here, or other similar structures. On the other hand, the terms "vertical", horizontal ", down", "up", etc. they are applied to the position of the cladding system when mounted on a facade structure.

On the basis of the invention defined in the main claim, preferred embodiments have been provided, the characteristics of which are included in the dependent claims.

Preferably, the support piece has at least four support sides, more preferably six support sides, adapted so that said support piece can rest on the bottom of the cradle alternately by each one of said support sides, and the hole through is at a different distance of at least four, more preferably six, from said support sides. The installer can thus choose between at least four, more preferably six, different predetermined vertical positions of the panel. In preferred embodiments, the support piece is a flat plate of uniform thickness that fits into the cradle of the support profile. The manufacture, storage and transportation of the support piece are facilitated. Furthermore, the support piece thus formed is easier for the installer to handle during the process of installing the panels in a facade structure.

Preferably, the support part is a flat plate in the shape of a polygon and, advantageously, each side of said polygon is a support side adapted so that the support part can rest on the bottom of the cradle.

In some foreseen embodiments, said polygon is a quadrilateral.

In other preferred embodiments, said polygon is a hexagon.

In a planned configuration, said polygon is regular and the through hole is arranged in an eccentric position with respect to the center of said regular polygon.

In another planned configuration, said polygon is irregular.

Preferably, the identifying marks are formed by one or more perforations made in the support piece, said identifying marks differing from each other by the number or shape of the perforations that form them. The use of perforations as a solution to make the identifying marks guarantees that the latter are always well visible to the installer, which is a considerable advantage, taking into account that the process of installing the panels in a facade structure can be carried out under conditions difficult. This solution provides greater security than those marked by printing or engraving, which may not be clearly visible to the installer in case the support part is dirty or when the angle of incidence of the light is not favorable. In addition, it allows the support piece to have its two main faces equal, with which the installer does not have to worry about orienting the support piece, the identifying marks being equally visible from either side.

Preferably, the facade cladding system according to the invention comprises an anti-seismic device to prevent vertical upward movement of the panels, when the latter are supported by the support profiles through the support piece supported on the bottom of the cradle . This anti-seismic device comprises a fastening piece that is fixed to the stem and that inferiorly embraces the end of the cantilevered part of the support profile that forms the cradle, and superiorly, an upper side of the support piece. In the event of a seismic shock, the clamping piece cannot move upwards, because its upper side bumps against the support piece, which in turn bumps against the end of the part. Cantilever of the support profile. This solution has the advantage of being simple, safe and easy to install. In a preferred embodiment, which allows easy installation of the clamping piece by sliding it laterally, said clamping piece is a C-shaped plate, with a core provided with a slot open on only one side into which it is inserted laterally. the stem, and two wings that extend orthogonally from said core and are respectively arranged just below the end of the cantilevered part of the support profile and just above the upper side of the support piece. Preferably, each of these wings of the fastening part is bent at its end forming a hook, so that each hook of the corresponding wing is respectively coupled to the end of the cantilevered part of the support profile and to the upper side of the part. support. A particularly robust grip is thus achieved. In addition, the hooks formed on the wings of the fastening piece facilitate the installation of the latter, because they allow it to be hung from the cradle while performing other operations, and also allow it to slide laterally in a guided manner when it is attached to the end of the cantilever of the support profile and the upper side of the support piece.

The invention also comprises other detailed features illustrated in the detailed description of some embodiments of the invention and in the accompanying figures.

Brief description of the drawings

The advantages and characteristics of the invention are appreciated from the following description in which, without limitation with respect to the scope of the main claim, preferred embodiments of the invention are set forth with reference to the figures.

Fig. 1 is a partial view of a panel on the face of the same that, in assembled position, faces the facade structure.

Fig. 2 is a sectional side view according to plane II-II of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a system according to the invention, with the panels mounted, in which the panels have been shown dummy transparent in order to show their internal elements, as well as the elements of the system that are behind said panels.

Fig. 4 is a side view of the facade cladding system according to the invention, showing a panel in position mounted on a facade structure. The figure is broken in the vertical direction in order to respect the scale.

Fig. 5 is a side view of the support arrangement fixed to a panel, in which the area corresponding to the panel has been shown in section.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a support profile.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the support arrangement, shown in Figs. 4 and 5, in which the support piece is a rectangular plate.

Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 7, of a second embodiment of the support arrangement in which the support part is a hexagonal plate.

Fig. 9 is a front view of the support piece shown in Fig. 7, formed by a rectangular plate. Fig. 10 is a front view of a variant of the support part of the previous figure, in which the support part is formed by a square plate.

Fig. 11 is a front view of the support piece shown in Fig. 8, formed by a hexagonal plate. Figs. 12, 13 and 14 show the different support positions that the support pieces of Figs. 9, 10 and 11 can adopt, respectively.

Fig. 15 shows an embodiment incorporating an anti-seismic device. The same figure shows a possible embodiment of a reinforcement piece to avoid flexing of the support profile 1.

Fig. 16 shows the clamping piece used in the anti-seismic device of Fig. 15.

Detailed description of some embodiments of the invention

Figs. 1 and 2 show a panel 4 of the type used in the facade cladding system according to the invention. In the preferred embodiments shown in the figures, the panels 4 are rectangular flat panels made of cement mortar and provided inside with a biaxially prestressed reinforcement 20. The panels 4 are provided with metal bushings 5 which are embedded in the panel's cement mortar mass, and which are placed on the panel before the setting phase. As can be seen in Fig. 3, bushings 5 are arranged in a regular rectangular pattern along the length and width of panel 4. Figs. 1 and 2 show in greater detail the shape of these bushings 5 and their arrangement on the panel 4. Each bush 5 is formed by a cylindrical body that has a threaded blind hole 6 at one end and retention fins at the other end for the retention of the bushing 5 in the cement mortar mass, and a transverse channel to make way for a rod of the reinforcement 20. The mouth of the hole 6 of the bushing 5 is flush with the face 7 of the panel 4 facing the structure of façade 2 when panel 4 is installed on façade structure 2, in the position shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

Fig. 3 shows as a whole a facade cladding system according to the invention, with the panels 4 mounted side by side on a facade structure 2, arranged parallel to and spaced from said facade structure 2, from in such a way that they form a discontinuous coating at a distance from the facade structure 2. For clarity, in the figure a single entire panel 4 has been represented, as well as a part of a panel 4 adjacent to the right. In real applications, the cladding is formed by a plurality of panels 4 arranged side by side in both the horizontal and vertical directions, with as many panels 4 being arranged as necessary to cover the desired facade surface.

As can be seen in Fig. 3, in the example described here, the facade structure 2 is made up of C-section profiles, arranged vertically on the facade of a building (not shown) and separated from each other with regular pitch. Of course, it is also possible to use other forms of structure profiles. It is also possible to dispense with structure profiles and install the panels, through the support profiles, directly against the exterior wall of a facade, which then has the function of a "facade structure" according to the invention.

The installation of the panels 4 in the facade structure 2 is carried out by means of support profiles 1 that are fixed to the latter, preferably by means of self-drilling screws 22, and support arrangements 8 through which the Panels 4 are supported on said support profiles 1 to be hung from the latter.

Support profiles 1 are made of cold-formed galvanized steel sheet. However, they can also be made of other materials, such as stainless steel, anodized aluminum, duralumin, etc. As can be seen in Fig. 6, these support profiles 1 comprise a base part 1a in the form of a flat plate intended to be applied against the facade structure 2 and a cantilevered part 1b that forms a cradle 3 at its end. Cantilevered part 1b is formed by a first straight section that extends obliquely downwards from the upper end of the base part 1a and at its end forms a cradle 3. In lateral view, cradle 3 has the shape of a rectangle open on the upper side, with a vertical outer side higher than a vertical inner side, and in which a horizontal lower side forms a flat bottom 19 of the cradle 3 constituting a seat for the support piece 10 described below.

Optionally, reinforcement pieces 21 can be provided, represented schematically in Fig. 4, which on one side rest on a horizontal fin of the support profile 1 while on the other hand they receive the lower end of the support in support. cradle 3. These reinforcing pieces 21 are intended to prevent bending of the cantilevered part 1b of the support profile 1 under the weight of the panel 4. Fig. 15 shows a possible embodiment of a reinforcing piece 21, having a flat base 24 that is applied against the base part 1a of the support profile 1 and wings 25 that by their upper part fit snugly into the free space between the base part 1a and the cantilevered part 1b of the profile support 1 and that in its lower part form a seat for the support of the lower end of the cradle 3. This reinforcing piece 21 is fixed to the facade structure by means of a screw, through the base part 1a of the support profile one.

Figs. 5 and 7 show a support arrangement 8, comprising a threaded stem 9, dimensioned to screw into the holes 6 of the bushings 5 of the panels 4, and a support piece 10 that is fixed to said stem 9 and through the which panels 4 rest on the support profiles 1. The support piece 10 is provided with a through hole 11 (see Figs. 9-11) that tightly receives the stem 9, so that the vertical position of the through hole 11 with respect to a support side 17 of the support piece 10, by which the latter rests on the bottom 19 of the cradle 3, defines the vertical position of the panel 4 with respect to the support profile 1.

The system comprises fixing means to constitute a solidary assembly formed by a panel 4 and the support arrangements 8 fixed thereto. These fixing means as a whole allow to regulate a separation distance between each support part 10 and the panel 4 to which it is fixed through the stem 9. These fixing means are detailed in particular in Fig. 5, which shows in lateral view a support arrangement 8 fixed to a panel 4. A first fixing means, to fix the stem 9 to the bushing 5 when it is inserted in the hole 6 of said bush 5, are constituted by the internal thread 12 of the hole 6, the thread 13 of the stem 9 and a nut 14 that is threaded in said stem 9 and that is applied against the face 7 of the panel 4 to lock the position of the shank 9 screwed into hole 6. A second fixing means, to fix the support part 10 to shank 9, are constituted by two nuts 15, 16 that are screwed on shank 9 and are applied against the two opposite faces of the support part 10 that is crossed by said stem 9 through the through hole 11.

Figs. 9, 10 and 11, combined with Figs. 7 and 8 show different embodiments of the support part 10. In these embodiments, the support part 10 is a flat plate in the form of a polyhedron, preferably made of stainless steel, with a uniform thickness such that it fits into the interior of the cradle 3 of the support profile 1. The support piece 10 thus constituted has several support sides 17, through each of which said support piece 10 can rest on the bottom 19 of the cradle 3. The through hole 11 is at a different distance from the different support sides 17. Thanks to this, the installer can easily adjust the relative vertical position of the panel 4. To do this, simply rotate the support piece 10 around the stem 9 to choose the support side 17 through which said support piece 10 rests on the bottom 19 of the cradle 3.

Furthermore, in the embodiments depicted in Figs. 9 to 11, the support piece 10 is provided with different identification marks made next to the different support sides 17. Each identification mark 18 together with a support side 17 is different from the identification mark 18 together with another support side 17 which is at a different distance from the through hole 11. These identifying marks 18 are intended to help the installer to choose the support side 17 suitable for the vertical position that the panel 4 must have. In the embodiments shown, the identifying marks 18 consist of one or more perforations. Identification marks 18 differ from each other by the number or shape of the perforations that form them.

In the embodiment of Fig. 9, the plate that constitutes the support piece 10 has the shape of a rectangle, and the through hole 11 is in the center of the rectangle, so that this support piece 10 has four sides bearing 17, but only two of them are at a different distance from said through hole 11 and are differentiated from each other by the respective identifying marks 18. In Fig. 12 the two positions of the support piece 10 are shown, resting respectively on each of its two support sides 17 that provide different heights of the through hole 11.

In the embodiment of Fig. 10, the plate that constitutes the support piece 10 has the shape of a square, and the through hole 11 is in an eccentric position with respect to the two axes of the square, so that this piece support 10 has four support sides 17, all of them at different distances from the through hole 11 and differentiated from each other by the respective identification marks 18. In Fig. 13 the four positions of the support piece 10 are shown, resting respectively on each of its four support sides 17 that provide different heights of the through hole 11.

In the embodiment of Fig. 11, the plate that constitutes the support piece 10 has the shape of an irregular hexagon, and the through hole 11 is located so that this support piece 10 has six support sides 17, all of them at different distances from the through hole 1. It will be observed that in the example shown there are two support sides 17 that do not bear identifying marks 18. However, the installer can differentiate these two support sides 17 thanks to the position of the others support sides 17 that do bear identifying marks 18. In Fig. 14 the six positions of the support piece 10 are shown, resting respectively on each of its six support sides 17 that provide different heights of the through hole 11.

In Figs. 15 and 16 an antiseismic device is shown which is advantageously applied to the facade system according to the invention to prevent the panels 4, supported by the support profiles 1 through the support piece 10 supported on the bottom 19 of the cradle 3 , move upwards in the event of a seismic shock. Although panel 4 has not been shown in Fig. 15 to facilitate the understanding of the anti-seismic device, it is understood that panel 4 is fixed to the threaded rod 9 as previously described and as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The anti-seismic device consists of a clamping piece 27 which, in the example shown, is formed by a C-shaped plate, with a core 28 provided with a slot 30 open on one side and two wings 29 that they extend orthogonally from said core 28 and that they are bent at their end forming a hook 31. As can be seen in Fig. 15, this fastening piece 27 is arranged so that it inferiorly embraces the end of the cantilevered part 1b of the support profile 1 that forms the cradle 3, and above, an upper side of the support piece 10. More exactly, the lower wing 29 is arranged just below the end of the cantilevered part 1b of the support profile 1, with its hook 31 coupled to said end, while the upper wing 29 is arranged just above the upper side of the support piece 10, with its hook 31 coupled to said upper side. The clamping piece 27 is placed by lateral translation, thanks to the fact that the core 28 is provided with a slot 30 open on one side only in the one which is inserted laterally the threaded rod 9. As seen in Fig. 15, the clamping piece 27 is fixed to the threaded rod 9 by means of a screw.

Claims (14)

1. Facade cladding system, comprising: - support profiles (1) that are fixed to a facade structure (2), arranged in a horizontal position, said support profiles (1) presenting a base part (1a) that is applied against said facade structure (2 ) and a cantilevered part (1b) that forms a cradle (3) at its end; - panels (4) that are supported by said support profiles (1), so that they are arranged parallel to and separated from said facade structure (2); said panels (4) being prefabricated flat panels of cement mortar, provided with bushings (5) embedded in the cement mortar mass of panel (4), each of said bushings (5) forming a hole (6) seen from the face (7) of said panel (4) facing said facade structure (2); - support arrangements (8) through which said panels rest on said support profiles (1), each of said support arrangements (8) comprising a stem (9) which is inserted into one of said holes (6) formed by a bush (5) in a panel (4), and a support piece (10) that is fixed to said stem (9) and that rests on a bottom (19) of said cradle (3) of the support profile (1); said support part (10) comprising a through hole (11) that tightly receives said stem (9); - first fixing means (12, 13, 14) to fix to said bushing (5) said stem (9) inserted in said hole (6) of the bushing (5); - second fixing means (15, 16) to fix said support part (10) to said stem (9); - said first fixing means (12, 13, 14) and said second fixing means (15, 16) being configured so as to allow adjusting a separation distance between said support part (10) and the panel (4) to the which is fixed through said stem (9); wherein said support piece (10) comprises at least two support sides (17), adapted so that said support piece (10) can rest on the bottom (19) of said cradle (3) alternately for each one from said support sides (17), and said through hole (11) that tightly receives said stem (9) is at a different distance from at least two of said support sides (17); characterized in that next to at least some of said support sides (17) an identification mark (18) is made on said support piece (10), the identification mark (18) being next to a support side (17) different from the identifying mark (18) next to another support side (17) that is at a different distance from said through hole (11). 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that said support piece (10) has at least four support sides (17), adapted so that said support piece (10) can rest on the bottom (19) of said cradle (3) alternately for each one of said support sides (17), and because said through hole (11) is at a different distance from at least four of said support sides (17). 3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that said support piece (10) has at least six support sides (17), adapted so that said support piece (10) can rest on the bottom (19) of said cradle (3) for each one of said support sides (17), and because said through hole (11) is at a different distance from at least six of said support sides (17). System according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said support piece (10) is a flat plate of uniform thickness that fits into said cradle (3) of the support profile (1). 5. System according to claim 4, characterized in that said support piece (10) is a flat plate in the shape of a polygon. 6. System according to claim 5, characterized in that each of the sides of said polygon is a support side (17) adapted so that said support piece (10) can rest on the bottom (19) of said cradle (3 ). 7. System according to claim 6, characterized in that said polygon is a quadrilateral. 8. System according to claim 6, characterized in that said polygon is a hexagon. 9. System according to any of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that said polygon is regular and said through hole (11) is arranged in an eccentric position with respect to the center of said regular polygon. 10. System according to any of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that said polygon is irregular. 11. System according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said identifying marks (18) are formed by one or more perforations made in said support piece (10), said identifying marks (18) differing from each other by the number or the shape of the perforations that form them. 12. System according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises an anti-seismic device to prevent vertical upward movement of said panels (4), when the latter are supported by said support profiles (1) through said support piece (10) supported on the bottom (19) of said cradle (3), said anti-seismic device comprising a clamping piece (27) that is fixed to said stem (9) and that inferiorly embraces the end of the Cantilevered part (1b) of the support profile (1) that forms said cradle (3), and above, an upper side of said support piece (10). 13. System according to claim 12, characterized in that said clamping piece (27) is a C-shaped plate, with a core (28) provided with a slot (30) open on one side into which it is inserted laterally said stem (9), and two wings (29) that extend orthogonally from said core (28) and are respectively arranged just below said end of the cantilevered part (1b) of the support profile (1) and just by above said upper side of the support piece (10). 14. System according to claim 13, characterized in that each one of said wings (29) of the fastening piece (27) is bent at its end forming a hook (31), so that each hook (31) of the wing ( 29) corresponds respectively to said end of the cantilevered part (1b) of the support profile (1) and to said upper side of the support piece (10).