ES2714860T3 - Scaffold - Google Patents

Abstract

A scaffolding unit to be fixed to a bridge or a similar roof structure, comprising: - a set of arms (2) to support the work levels and the support structures necessary at work, and - a frame (1 ) for fixing the arm assembly to the upper surface of the roof structure, in which the arm assembly (2) is connected to the fixing frame (1) by means of a pivoted parallelogram (12, 16, 17 and 18), the pivoted parallelogram comprising an upper beam (11) and a lower beam (3) and upper pivot points (12, 16) and lower pivot points (17, 18) for connecting the beams (3, 11) to the fixing frame (1) and to the arm assembly (2), characterized in that the lower beam (3) and / or the upper beam extend to the opposite side of the lower pivot point (17) / upper point (12 ) of the pivot of the fixing frame (1) from the arm assembly (2) forming a lever, and at least An operating device selected from the group comprising a hydraulic jack (21) and a screw jack (22) is arranged at the end of the lever formed by the lower beam (3) or the upper beam (11) to adjust the vertical position of the arm set (2).

Description

DESCRIPTION

Scaffold

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a scaffolding unit designed to form work platforms and the support structures required in the work to be used in connection with repair, installation and maintenance work on bridges and other structures with a cover, according to the preamble of claim 1

In particular, the invention relates to the creation of a repair scaffolding for bridges.

Background of the invention

Publication WO2008132277 discloses a scaffolding arrangement suitable for repair work on the deck of a bridge. The arrangement consists of several scaffolding supports to be installed on the bridge deck, which are supported from the bridge by screwing the support to the upper surface of the bridge deck and then transporting the support on rotating support elements on the lower surface of the cover.

Publication WO2012062968 discloses a fixing element for fixing a scaffolding support to the deck of a bridge. The scaffolding support to be fixed is arranged to be transported on the support points to the upper side of the bridge deck. At least one of the support points is arranged to withstand the compression force of the fasteners fixed to the bridge deck and at least one is arranged to withstand the tensile force. The fixing element is arranged to be detachably fixed to the bridge deck with at least two fixing means and comprises at least one fixing means for fixing the fixing element to the support point that supports the tensile force of the support of scaffolding.

Since scaffolding brackets must be able to support a very large load of repair tools, repair operators and possibly casting formwork and the like, it is easy for the brackets to become very massive. Thus, lifting means are required to handle them and heavy vehicles to transport them. In addition, the installation of the supports usually requires several people. All these factors increase repair costs.

Another factor that slows repair work and increases costs is that the vertical adjustment range of the supports with respect to the bridge deck is very small. In addition, in some cases, the elevation of the level of support with respect to the deck of the bridge causes it to tilt, which makes the work difficult or that must be compensated in some way. Due to the large loads, all adjustment elements and operating devices must be sized to be heavy, which increases the weight and costs of the structure.

The scaffolding also requires special fixing devices, such as bolts that cross the bridge deck and possibly a flat surface on the deck for fixing. The formwork required to repair and concrete the edge of the bridge must be moved with jacks and continuous casting in the longitudinal direction of the bridge or deck is not possible. The work is also hampered by the support required by the scaffolding against the lower surface of the bridge.

WO 91/03603 A1 discloses a scaffolding unit according to the preamble of claim 1.

The present invention is designed to create a solution in which the position of the support level formed by the scaffolding can be easily altered in the height direction.

The invention is also designed to create a solution in which the adjustment in the height direction does not alter the lateral placement.

In addition, the embodiments of the invention are intended to create a scaffold that, when desired, can be transported by parts and assembled at the point of use.

In addition, the embodiments of the invention are intended to create a scaffolding whose structure is simple and easy to manufacture.

The embodiments of the invention are also intended to allow adjustment within wide limits of the location of work platforms, formwork and other scaffolding structures at least in the direction of the bridge deck height, preferably also in the transverse direction with respect to the longitudinal direction of the roof level.

The embodiments of the invention are also intended to allow adjustment of the position in the height direction of the scaffolding with respect to the bridge deck or another level at least partially from the top of the bridge deck or the like, the most being it is preferable that it be from the side of the scaffold fixing frame opposite the edge of the cover.

The invention is based on a scaffolding unit according to claim 1.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the scaffolding can be disassembled into parts and assembled at the point of use.

According to an embodiment of the invention, a scaffolding unit comprises only an operative device to alter the vertical position of the support arm assembly.

Several advantages are achieved with the help of the invention.

The structure of the scaffolding unit according to the invention is light, but, nevertheless, can be sized to transport a large load, which is required to transport the devices and materials to be used in bridge repair work. The scaffolding unit can be easily disassembled into parts for transport and assembled at the point of use. Heavy lifting devices are not required to move the parts and the scaffolding installation can be performed even by a single operator. One of the most important advantages of a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the location of the support level formed with the help of scaffolding with respect to the lower surface of the bridge can be easily altered within a large adjustment range without essentially changing the angle of the support level or the distance from the edge of the cover. Preferably, the components of the scaffolding are structures of plates and beams, so that their manufacture is economical. Preferably, the assembly of the scaffolding unit requires only that pivot pins be placed, so installation work is easy and no special tools are required.

The invention is described in greater detail in Figure 5.

The embodiments of Figures 1-4 are not part of the invention.

Figure 1 shows a side view of a scaffolding unit.

Figure 2 is an exploded view of the scaffolding unit of Figure 1.

Figure 3 shows the scaffolding unit of Figures 1 and 2 in a first adjustment position.

Figure 4 shows the scaffolding unit of Figures 1 and 2 in a second adjustment position.

Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the invention.

In the following, the downward direction is the direction from above the roof structure that points to its upper surface and the upward direction is the opposite direction to that.

In the embodiment of Figure 1, the scaffolding unit consists of a set of support arms 2 to form work levels and to support the work machines and the formwork required in the work and connect the arm assembly of the frame 1 of fixing to the upper surface of the bridge or to another roof structure 15 and to adjust the position and location of the scaffolding. The arm assembly 2 comprises a vertical arm 4, at the lower end of which there is a transverse support beam 5, which creates a T-shaped structure at the end of the vertical arm. A second branch of the T is installed pointing towards deck 15 of the bridge, whereby the opposite branch points in the direction away from the deck. On these branches can be arranged gateways for operators and facilities required for work machines and formwork on the deck side of the bridge.

At the opposite end of the vertical arm 4 there is a pivoted parallelogram formed by two beams, the upper beam 11 of which is a straight beam of square section and is attached at its end to the end of the vertical arm 4 at the pivot point 16 and is extends from it in the direction of the fixing unit. Under the upper beam 11 there is a parallel lower beam 3. In this case, the lower beam 3 is a triangular beam or a beam that is otherwise reinforced at the location of the jack, which, when triangular, comprises a beam Straight bottom and a triangle formed above the bottom beam, consisting of two inclined beams and a vertical support that connects the tip of the triangle and the bottom beam. The advantage of this beam construction is lightness and a good load bearing capacity.

The upper and lower beams 3, 11 are connected to the fixing frame 1 by means of pivot pins 6 to pivot points 12 and 17 located at a distance vertically from each other, such that the upper beam 11 is fixed to point 12 of pivot at the top of the fixing frame 1 and the bottom beam 3 to pivot point 17 below it at the bottom of the fixing frame 1. In this example, the pivot points 12 and 17 of the fixing frame are in the same straight vertical line, but, by altering the locations of the pivot points, the movement paths of the arm assembly can be altered, if necessary. At the opposite end, the upper and lower beams 3, 11 are fixed by the pivot pins 6 to the lugs 13 at the end of the vertical arm 4, in which they are also formed one above the other in the same straight line in the vertical direction the pivot points 16, 18 to the upper beam 11 and the lower beam 3. Thus, the pivot points 12, 16, 17 and 18 form, together with the upper and lower beams 3, 11, a pivoted parallelogram, with the help of which the vertical arm 4 and the transverse support beam 5 can be moved vertically at its lower end. The transverse support beam 5 is fixed by pivot pins 6 to lugs 14 at the lower end of the vertical arm 14. In this fixing method, the transverse support beam 5 is locked in the horizontal position, and the pin fixation is designed to create an easy assembly to assemble.

The fixing frame 1 may comprise fixing plates, which form a foot arrangement, which preferably includes fixing bolts that can be adjusted vertically to fix the scaffolding to the bridge deck. The fixing bolts can be placed in holes drilled in the bridge deck and fixed with a chemical binder, thus making the joint resistant and reliable.

With the help of the pivoted parallelogram, the vertical arm 4 and the transverse support beam 5 attached thereto can be raised and lowered. In this embodiment, the operating device is a jack 9, which is installed on top of the fixing frame 1 between the fixing frame 1 and the triangular shaped bottom beam 3 of the pivoted parallelogram. The jack 9 is located in the vertical support under the tip of the beam triangle, so that a sturdy working point for the jack 9 is obtained. The jack 9 can be a simple screw jack, a hydraulic jack or some similar lifting device. Since a continuous adjustment of the vertical position is not required, the jack can be a simple and resistant device.

In Figure 3, the scaffolding is in the upper position and in Figure 4 in the lower position. As can be seen from the figures, even in the extreme positions, the vertical arm 4 of the scaffolding remains precisely vertical and the horizontal support beam 5. In addition, it can be seen that the range of motion of the height adjustment is quite large. This is an extremely important advantage over the previously known solutions, because in these the adjustment margins have been very limited and the adjustments difficult to make.

The scaffolding of Figure 5 differs slightly from that described above. First, the lower beam 3 of the scaffolding is unified, not necessarily straight, and continues to the opposite side of the pivot between the fixing frame 1 and the lower beam 3 with respect to the vertical arm 4. The lower beam 3 thus forms a lever extending on both sides from the bottom pivot point 17 of the fixing frame 1. There is a hydraulic jack 21 and a screw jack 22 placed at the end of this lever, also on the opposite side of the pivot point between the fixing frame 1 and the lower beam 3, with respect to the vertical arm 4. The axes of the jacks 21, 22 are supported on the foot 20 of the fixing frame 1. Both jacks can be used independently to adjust the position of the vertical arm 4 and the support beam 5 with the lever arm formed by the lower beam 3, but the adjustment is preferably made with the help of the hydraulic jack while the position of the Scaffolding is locked with screw jack 22. Here, the terms hydraulic jack and screw jack refers to any hydraulic or screw-operated operating device, achieving compression, or tensile force or blocking thereof by changing their length. Adjustment and position locking can only be done with a screw jack if desired, but a hydraulic jack can be used as an aid in height adjustment, or in parallel with the screw jack. No other operating devices or power tools are required here. Adjustment can be done easily and safely on the side of the mounting frame opposite the bridge deck. The lever can also be formed in a corresponding manner in the upper beam 11 or in both beams 3, 11. It is then possible to optionally place any of the jacks in the upper beam and the other in the lower beam, or both in connection with either the lower beam or with the upper beam.

Preferably, the scaffolding unit (fixing frame 1) is fixed to the bridge deck or to another structure with the help of threaded bolts 23 from the foot 20. The fixing to the deck takes place by gluing or melting the bolts in blind holes made on the deck The fixing is made from two feet 20 at a distance from each other and, with the help of the threaded bolts, the scaffolding can be lifted from the cover, so that a space 24 is formed between the scaffolding and the cover. Then, you can work on the surface of the roof, and the surface be concreted with the scaffolding fixed. A bubble level or bubble levels may be ready in the fixing frame to facilitate adjustment of its position.

In this embodiment, the placement of the scaffolding unit in the height direction with respect to the bridge deck or other structure takes place by altering, in addition to the pivoted parallelogram, the locations of the fixing points 16 and 18 (pivot points) between the vertical arm 4 and the pivoted parallelogram 12, 16, 17, 18. In the vertical arm 4 there are fixing holes 25, one above the other, which have a predefined distance between them. At the ends of the upper and lower beams 11, 3 there are lugs 26, which can be arranged on both sides of the vertical arm and in which there are also fixing holes 27, one above the other, which have a predefined distance between them. The distances between the fixing holes 25 of the vertical arm are greater than the distances between the fixing holes 27 of the lugs 26. In this way, a large adjustment margin is obtained with the help of the fixing holes 25 of the vertical arm 4 and a smaller adjustment range with the aid of the fixing holes 27 of the lugs 26. When this form of adjustment is combined with the adjustment that takes place with the help of the pivoted parallelogram, the position of the scaffolding unit can be configured precisely as desired within fairly large limits. This allows, among other things, an easy and precise placement of the concrete 19 of the edge of the bridge.

The adjustment of the position of the support beam 5 with respect to the edge of the bridge deck or other structure can be carried out with a corresponding hole distribution.

Figure 5 shows a dense distribution of holes in the support beam 5 and four holes in the fixing lugs of the vertical arm. This hole distribution is also flexible, and the number and distribution of the holes can be altered to create an adequate adjustment accuracy. Although a dense distribution of holes can also be created in the long load bearing components, such as the vertical arm or the support beam, in these it is preferable to use a larger distribution of holes, to minimize the number of holes and preserve the resistance .

In the invention, a pivoted parallelogram is used, but the lengths of the sides and the location of the pivots can be altered as required, making it a pivoted rectangle.

The characteristics of the above-described embodiment can be easily combined and the corresponding components replaced with each other to create a structure more suitable for its purpose, within the scope defined by the claims.

In the scaffolding, there may be integrated work platforms, and these may include rails or formwork fasteners, tools such as water abrasive jets, or railings. The scaffolding can be fixed to a rail on the bridge deck, so that it can be moved as the work progresses parallel to the deck. In the fixing components there can be tool boxes for the safe storage of tools and other materials, and lifting hooks or the like can be installed in the scaffolding so that it can be moved as a complete system.

The scaffolding unit according to the invention can be transported to the work site already assembled or disassembled into its main components. The assembly of the scaffolding unit takes place simply by installing the pivot pins 6 in place and locking them with keys. Thus, in principle, the assembly of the scaffolding unit requires no tools at all. The scaffolding unit is easily disassembled into relatively light parts and can be moved to a new location after use. Since several scaffolding units are required for the deck of a bridge or similar work site, significant advantages are achieved with the help of an easy assembly, disassembly and transport. Instead of pivot pins and cotters, it is possible, of course, to use other corresponding fasteners, such as bolts and nuts.

It is obvious that the various parts of the example described above can be substituted with functional and structural equivalents within the scope defined by the Claims.

Claims (9)

1. A scaffolding unit to be fixed to a bridge or similar roof structure, comprising: - a set of arms (2) to support the levels of work and support structures needed at work, and - a fixing frame (1) for fixing the arm assembly to the upper surface of the roof structure, wherein the arm assembly (2) is connected to the fixing frame (1) by means of a pivoted parallelogram (12, 16, 17 and 18), the pivoted parallelogram comprising an upper beam (11) and a lower beam ( 3) and upper pivot points (12, 16) and lower pivot points (17, 18) to connect the beams (3, 11) to the fixing frame (1) and to the arm assembly (2), characterized in that the lower beam (3) and / or the upper beam extend to the opposite side of the lower pivot point (17) pivot / upper pivot point (12) of the fixing frame (1) from the arm assembly (2) forming a lever, and at least one operating device selected from the group comprising a hydraulic jack (21) and a screw jack (22) is arranged at the end of the lever formed by the lower beam (3) or the upper beam (11) to adjust the vertical position of the arm assembly (2). 2. The scaffolding unit according to claim 1 characterized in that the pivot points (12, 17) of the fixing frame (1) are in a straight line parallel to the pivot points (16, 18) of the arm assembly (2), as defined by a pivoted parallelogram, and straight lines are preferably vertical. 3. The scaffolding unit according to any one of claims 1-2 characterized in that the bottom beam of the pivoted parallelogram is a triangular beam (3). The scaffolding unit according to any one of claims 1 - 3 characterized in that at least the joints between the arm assembly (2), the fixing frame (1) and the pivoted parallelogram (3, 6, 11, 12) They are implemented with detachable fasteners (6). 5. The scaffolding unit according to claim 4 characterized in that the fixing elements are pivot pins (6). 6. The scaffolding unit according to any of the preceding claims comprising a vertical arm (4) and a support beam (5) transversely connected to one end thereof characterized in that the lower and upper beams (3, 11) are joined to the vertical arm (4) by means of lugs (26), in each of which there is a row of holes, there being a first distance between the holes (27), and vertical arm in which there is a row of holes, in there being a distance between the holes (25) different from that between the holes (27) of the lugs. 7. The scaffolding unit according to claim 6 characterized in that the distances between the holes (25) in the vertical arm (4) are greater than the distances between the holes (27) in the lugs (26). 8. The scaffolding unit according to any of the preceding claims 6-7 characterized in that the vertical arm (4) and the support beam (5) are connected to each other by means of lugs at the end of the vertical arm (4), having in each one of said lugs a row of holes, having a first distance between the holes, and having in said support beam (5) a row of holes, having a distance between the holes different from that between the holes of the lugs. 9. The scaffolding unit according to claim 8 characterized in that the distances between the holes in the support beam (5) are greater than the distances between the lugs of the vertical arm.