BR112016002722B1 - Scaffolding unit to be attached to a bridge or similar decking structure - Google Patents

Abstract

SCAFFOLDING. Scaffolding unit to be fixed to the decking structure of a bridge or the like comprises a set of arms (2) for carrying work levels and the necessary supporting structure in the work and fixing frame (1) for fixing the set of arms to the top surface of the decking structure. The set of arms (2) is connected to the fixing frame by means of a rotated parallelogram (3, 6, 11, 12).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to the scaffolding unit intended to form work platforms and supporting structures required at work for use in connection with repair, installation and maintenance work on bridges and other structures with a decking.

[0002] Specifically, the invention relates to the creation of repair scaffolding for bridges.

FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Publication WO2008132277 discloses an arrangement of scaffolding suitable for bridge deck repair work. The arrangement consists of a number of scaffold supports to be installed on the bridge deck, which are supported from the bridge by bolting the support to the upper surface of the bridge deck and then loading the support onto supporting elements, pivoting on the lower surface. from the dais.

[0004] Publication WO2012062968 discloses a fastening element for fastening a scaffold support to the decking of a bridge. The scaffold support to be fixed is arranged to be loaded onto two support points for the upper side of the bridge deck. At least one of the support points is arranged to receive the compressive force of the fastening elements attached to the bridge deck and at least one is arranged to receive the pulling force. The fastening element is arranged to be releasably secured to the bridge deck with at least two fastening means and comprises at least one fastening means for securing the fastening element to the support point receiving the pulling force of the scaffold support.

[0005] As scaffold supports must be able to carry a really large load of repair tools, repair workers, and possibly foundry structure and the like, the supports easily become quite compact. Thus, lifting means are needed to handle them and heavy vehicles to transport them. Also, installing the brackets typically requires several people. All these factors increase repair costs.

[0006] Another factor that slows down repair work and increases costs is that the vertical adjustment margin of the supports in relation to the bridge deck is very small. Also, in some cases, raising the support level in relation to the bridge deck causes it to lean which makes the work difficult or must be compensated in some way. Due to heavy loads, all adjustment elements and operating devices must be sized to be heavy; which increases the weight and costs of the structure.

[0007] The scaffold also requires special attachment devices, such as screws that extend through the bridge decking and possibly a flat surface on the decking for attachment. The formwork required for repair and foundation of the bridge end must be jacked up and continuous casting in the longitudinal direction of the bridge or decking is not possible. Work is also obstructed by the support required by scaffolding against the underside of the bridge.

[0008] The present invention aims to create a solution, in which the position of the support level formed by the scaffold can be easily changed in the height direction.

[0009] The invention also aims to create a solution in which the height direction adjustment does not change the lateral positioning.

[0010] Additionally, embodiments of the invention are intended to create scaffolding, which can, when desired, be transported in parts or assembled at the point of use.

[0011] Additionally, the embodiments of the invention are intended to create scaffolding, whose structure is simple and easily manufactured.

[0012] Embodiments of the invention are also intended to allow adjustment within wide site limits of scaffolding work platforms, formwork, and other structures at least in the direction of the height of the bridge deck, preferably also in the transverse direction in in relation to the longitudinal direction of the deck level.

[0013] Embodiments of the invention are also intended to allow adjustment of the position in the direction of the height of the scaffold with respect to the bridge deck or other level at least partially from the top of the bridge deck or similar, more preferably from the side of the scaffold attachment structure opposite the end of the platform.

[0014] The invention is based on the fastening elements connecting the scaffolding to the bridge deck being fixed to the set of loader arms by means of a rotated rectangle, preferably a rotated parallelogram.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the invention, the scaffold can be dismantled into parts and assembled at the point of use.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the invention, a scaffolding unit comprises only one operating device for changing the vertical position of the loader arm assembly.

[0017] Several advantages are obtained with the aid of the invention.

[0018] The structure of the scaffolding unit according to the invention is light, but in the meantime it can be dimensioned to carry a large load, which is required to carry the devices and materials to be used in the bridge repair work. The scaffolding unit can be easily disassembled into parts for transport and assembled at the point of use. Heavy lifting devices are not needed to move the parts and the scaffolding installation can be done even by one worker. One of the most important advantages of the invention is that the location of the loader level formed with the aid of the scaffold, in relation to the underside of the bridge, can be easily changed within a wide adjustment range without the loader level angle or the distance from the end of the pallet changes essentially. The scaffolding components are sheet and beam structures, so it is inexpensive to manufacture. In principle, mounting the scaffold unit only requires pivot pins to be put in place, so installation work is easy and special tools are not required.

[0019] In what follows the invention is described in greater detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 shows a side view of the scaffolding unit according to the invention.

[0021] Figure 2 is an exploded view of the scaffold unit of Figure 1.

[0022] Figure 3 shows the scaffolding unit Figures 1 and 2 in a first adjustment position.

[0023] Figure 4 shows the scaffolding unit Figures 1 and 2 in a second adjustment position.

[0024] Figure 5 shows a second embodiment of the invention.

[0025] In what follows the downward direction is the direction from the top of the pallet pointing towards the upper surface and the direction pointing up is the direction opposite to that.

[0026] In the embodiment of Figure 1, the scaffolding unit consists of a set of loader arms 2 to form work levels and to load the work machines and formwork required in the work and connect the set of arms of the fixing frame 1 to the surface bridge or other platform structure 15 and for adjusting the position and location of the scaffold. The arm assembly 2 comprises a vertical arm 4, at the lower end of which is a transverse loader beam 5, and forms a T-shaped structure at the end of the vertical arm. A second branch of the T is provided to point towards the bridge deck 15, so that the opposite branch points away from the deck. Footbridges for workers and the facilities required for working machines and formwork on the decking side of the bridge can be mounted on these branches.

[0027] At the opposite end of the vertical arm 4 is a rotated parallelogram formed by two beams, whose upper beam 11 is a beam in straight box section and is fixed at its end to the end of the vertical arm 4 at the pivot point 16 and extends from it towards the clamping unit. Underneath the upper beam 11 is a lower parallel beam 3. In that case, the lower beam 3 is a triangular beam or a beam that is otherwise reinforced in place of the jack, which, when triangular, comprises a lower beam straight line and a triangle formed at the top of the lower beam, which consists of two inclined beams and a vertical support connecting the triangle point and the lower beam. The advantage of this beam construction is light weight and good load-bearing capacity.

[0028] The upper and lower beams 3, 11 are fixed to the fixing structure 1 by means of pivot pins 6 to the pivot point 12 and 17 located at a mutual distance, vertically, in such a way that the upper beam 11 is fixed to the point pivot 12 at the top of fixing frame 1 and lower beam 3 to pivot point 17 under it at the bottom of fixing frame 1. In this example, pivot points 12 and 17 of fixing frame are on the same straight vertical line , but by operating the pivot point locations the movement paths of the arm assembly can, if necessary, be changed. At the opposite end, the upper and lower beams 3 and 11 are fixed by pivot pins 6 to the lugs 13 at the end of the vertical arm 4, in which the pivot points are also formed on top of each other in the same straight line in the vertical direction. 16 and 18 for the upper beam 11 and the lower beam 3. Thus, the pivot points 12, 16, 17 and 18 form, together with the upper and lower beams 3, 11 a rotated parallelogram, with the aid of which the vertical arm 4 and the transverse loader beam 5 at that lower end can be moved vertically. The transverse loader beam 5 is secured by pivot pins 6 to the lugs 14 at the lower end of the vertical arm 14. In this method of attachment, the transverse loader beam 5 is locked in a horizontal position and the pin attachment is intended to create a joint easily. mounted.

[0029] The fixing frame 1 may comprise fixing plates, which form a support arrangement, which preferably includes fixing screws that can be adjusted vertically, for fixing the scaffold to the bridge deck. Fixing screws can be placed in holes drilled in the bridge deck and secured with a chemical binding agent, thereby making the fixture strong and secure.

[0030] With the help of the rotated parallelogram, the vertical arm 4 and the transverse loader beam 5 attached to it can be raised and lowered. In this embodiment, the operating device is a jack 9, which is installed on top of the clamping frame 1 between the clamping frame 1 and the lower triangular-shaped beam 3 of the rotated parallelogram. Jack 9 is located on the vertical support under the beam triangle point, so that a strong working point is obtained for jack 9. Jack 9 can be a single screw jack, hydraulic jack or some other lifting device. similar lifting. As continuous adjustment of the vertical position is not necessary, the jack can be a simple and strong device.

[0031] In Figure 3, the scaffold is in the upper position and in Figure 4 in the lower position. As can be seen from the Figures, even in the extreme positions the vertical arm 4 of the scaffold remains precisely vertical and the loader beam 5 horizontal. Also, it can be seen that the range of movement of the height adjustment is very large. This is an extremely important advantage compared to previously known solutions, because in these the adjustment margins have been very limited and adjustments difficult to perform.

[0032] The scaffold in Figure 5 differs slightly from the one described above. First, the lower beam 3 of the scaffold is unified, not necessarily straight, and continues to the opposite side of the pivot point between the fixing frame 1 and the lower beam 3 in relation to the vertical arm 4. The lower beam 3 forms like this a lever that extends to both sides of the lower pivot point 17 of the clamping frame 1. A hydraulic jack 21 and a screw jack 22 are mounted at the end of this lever, also on the opposite side of the pivot point between the clamping frame 1 and the lower beam 3 in relation to the vertical arm 4. The axes of the jacks 21, 22 are supported on the support 20 of the fixing frame 1. The two jacks can be used independently to adjust the position of the vertical arm 4 and the beam loader 5 with the lever arm formed by the lower beam 3, but the adjustment is preferably made with the aid of the hydraulic jack while the scaffolding position is locked with the screw jack 22. Here, the terms: hydraulic jack and jack screw refers to any operating device operated by screw or hydraulic, upon change of whose length is obtained by compression or pulling force, or locking in position. Position adjustment and locking can be done with just a screw jack if desired, but a hydraulic jack can be used as an aid in height adjustment, or in parallel with the screw jack. Other operating devices or power tools are not required here. The adjustment can be made easily and securely on the opposite side of the frame to the bridge deck. The lever can also be formed in a corresponding way on the upper beam 11 or on the two beams 3 and 11. It is then possible to optionally fit either jack on the upper beam and the other on the lower beam, or both in connection with the lower beam. or with the upper beam.

[0033] The scaffolding unit (fixing frame 1) is preferably fixed to the bridge platform or other structure with the aid of screws 23 from the support 20. The platform is fixed by gluing or casting the screws in the blind holes made on the platform. The fastening is made from two supports 20 at a mutual distance and with the aid of threaded screws the scaffold can be lifted from the platform, so that a gap 24 is formed between the scaffold and the platform. The decking surface can then be machined and the surface cast with the scaffold attached. There may be a spectrum level or levels ready on the clamping frame to make it easier to adjust its position.

[0034] In this modality, the positioning of the scaffolding unit in the height direction in relation to the bridge deck or other structure occurs by changing, in addition to the rotated parallelogram, the locations of the attachment points (pivot points) 16 and 18 between the arm vertical 4 and rotated parallelogram 12, 16, 17, 18. In the vertical arm 4 there are fixing holes 25 one on top of the other, which have a predefined distance between them. At the ends of the upper and lower beams, 11 and 3, there are ears 26 which are arranged on both sides of the vertical arm 4 and in which there are also fixing holes 27 on top of each other, which have a predefined distance between them. The distances between the fixing holes 25 of the vertical arm are greater than the distances between the fixing holes 27 of the lugs 26. In this way, a large adjustment margin is obtained with the aid of the fixing holes 25 of the vertical arm 4 and a smaller adjustment range with the aid of the fixing holes 27 of the lugs 26. When this form of adjustment is combined with the adjustment that takes place with the aid of the rotated parallelogram, the position of the scaffold unit can be adjusted exactly as desired within of very wide limits. This allows, among other things, easy and exact placement of the bridge end castings 19.

[0035] The adjustment of the position of the loader beam5, can be carried out in relation to the end of the bridge deck, or to another structure, with corresponding distribution of holes.

[0036] Figure 5 shows a dense distribution of holes in the loader beam 5 and four holes in the fixing lugs of the vertical arm. This hole distribution is very flexible and the number and distribution of holes can be changed to create a suitable fit precision. While a dense hole distribution can also be made on long load-bearing components such as the vertical arm or loader beam, it is preferable to use a wider hole distribution on these to minimize the number of holes and preserve strength.

[0037] In the invention, a rotated parallelogram is preferably used, but the lengths of the sides and the location of the pivots can be changed as required, making it a rotated rectangle.

[0038] The characteristics of the modality described above can be easily combined and the corresponding components replaced with each other to create a structure more suitable for its purpose.

[0039] In the scaffolding, there may be integrated working platforms and these may include rails or fixings for formwork, tools such as water jets, abrasives or handrails. The scaffold can be attached to a rail on the bridge deck so that it can be moved as work progresses parallel to the deck. In the fastening components there can be tool boxes for the safe storage of tools and other materials and lifting hooks or similar can be installed on the scaffold so that it can be moved as an integral system.

[0040] The scaffolding unit according to the invention can be transported to the job site ready for assembly or dismantled into its main components. The assembly of the scaffolding unit takes place simply by installing the pivot pins 6 in place and locking them with cotter pins. So, in principle, the assembly of the scaffolding unit does not require any tools at all. The scaffolding unit is easily dismantled into relatively lightweight parts and can be moved to a new location after use. As multiple scaffolding units are required for a bridge deck or similar job site, significant advantages are gained with the aid of easy assembly, disassembly and transport. Instead of pivot pins and cotter pins it is, of course, possible to use other corresponding fasteners such as screws and nuts.

[0041] It is obvious that various parts of the above exemplary description can be replaced by functional and structural equivalents within the scope defined by the claims.

Claims (9)

1. Scaffolding unit to be fixed to a bridge or similar platform structure, comprising:- a set of arms (2) for carrying the work levels and support structures needed in the work; e- a fixing frame (1) for fixing the arm assembly to the upper surface of the decking structure; wherein the arm assembly (2) is connected to the fixing frame by means of a rotated parallelogram (12, 16, 17). , 18), where the rotated parallelogram comprises an upper beam (11) and a lower beam (3) and upper pivot points (12, 16) and lower pivot points (17, 18) for connecting the beams (3, 11) to the fixing frame (1) and to the set of arms (2), characterized in that the lower beam (3) and/or the upper beam extend on the opposite side of the lower (17)/upper (12) pivot point of the fixing frame (1) from the set of arms (2) to form a lever, and at least one operating device chosen from a group comprising a hydraulic jack (21) and screw jack (22) is arranged at the end of the lever formed by the lower life (3) and the upper beam (11) to adjust the vertical position of the set of arms (2). 2. Scaffolding unit to be attached to a bridge or similar decking structure, according to claim 1, characterized in that the pivot points (12, 17) of the attachment frame (1) are in a straight line parallel to the pivot points (16, 18) of the set of arms (2), as defined by a rotated parallelogram, and straight lines are preferably vertical. 3. Scaffolding unit to be fixed to a bridge or similar platform structure, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lower beam of the rotated parallelogram is a triangular beam (3). 4. Scaffolding unit to be fixed to a bridge or similar platform structure, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least the joints between the set of arms (2), the fixing frame (1) and the rotated parallelogram (3, 6, 11, 12) are implemented with detachable fasteners (6). 5. Scaffolding unit to be fixed to a bridge or similar platform structure, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fastening elements are pivot pins (6). 6. Scaffolding unit, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which comprises a vertical arm (4) and loader beam (5) fixed transversely to one end thereof, characterized in that the upper and lower beams (3, 11) are fixed to the vertical arm (4) by means of lugs (26), in each of which there is a row of holes, in which there is a first distance between the holes (27) and in whose vertical arm there are a row of holes, in which there is a different distance between the holes (25) than between the ear holes (27). 7. Scaffolding unit to be fixed to a bridge or similar platform structure, according to claim 6, characterized in that the distances between the holes (25) in the vertical arm (4) are greater than the distances between holes (27) in the ears (26). Scaffolding unit to be fixed to a bridge or similar platform structure, according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the vertical arm (4) and the loader beam (5) are fixed to each other by means of lugs at the end of the vertical arm (4) in which each of the lugs has a row of holes, in which there is a first distance between the holes and in whose loader beam (5) there is a row of holes, in which there is a different distance between the holes than between the ear holes. 9. Scaffolding unit to be fixed to a bridge or similar platform structure, according to claim 8, characterized in that the distances between the holes in the loader beam (5) are greater than the distances between the ears of the vertical arm.

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