ES2711229A1 - IMPROVED THIN INSULATION SYSTEM (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
IMPROVED THIN INSULATION SYSTEM (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2711229A1 ES2711229A1 ES201831056A ES201831056A ES2711229A1 ES 2711229 A1 ES2711229 A1 ES 2711229A1 ES 201831056 A ES201831056 A ES 201831056A ES 201831056 A ES201831056 A ES 201831056A ES 2711229 A1 ES2711229 A1 ES 2711229A1
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- layers
- film
- thermal insulation
- films
- insulation system
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Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 88
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011104 metalized film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/7654—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings
- E04B1/7658—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres
- E04B1/7662—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres comprising fiber blankets or batts
- E04B1/7666—Connection of blankets or batts to the longitudinal supporting elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/05—Interconnection of layers the layers not being connected over the whole surface, e.g. discontinuous connection or patterned connection
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1612—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters
- E04D13/1618—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters with means for fixing the insulating material between the roof covering and the upper surface of the roof purlins or rafters
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1612—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters
- E04D13/1625—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters with means for supporting the insulating material between the purlins or rafters
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1612—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters
- E04D13/1637—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters the roof purlins or rafters being mainly insulated from the interior, e.g. the insulating material being fixed under or suspended from the supporting framework
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/7654—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings
- E04B1/7658—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
SISTEMA DE AISLAMIENTO DELGADO MEJORADOIMPROVED THIN INSULATION SYSTEM
Sector de la tecnicaSector of the technique
La presente descripcion se refiere al campo de los productos aislantes de multiples capas, destinados concretamente, pero no exclusivamente, al aislamiento termoacustico de los edificios.The present description refers to the field of multi-layer insulating products, specifically, but not exclusively, intended for the thermoacoustic insulation of buildings.
Estado de la tecnicaState of the art
El aislamiento termico de un edificio es un aspecto esencial de su consumo energetico.The thermal insulation of a building is an essential aspect of its energy consumption.
Las diferentes soluciones existentes responden generalmente a varios problemas, concretamente en cuanto al volumen ocupado, peso, coste y de facilidad de instalacion asf como en cuanto a sistematicidad de las prestaciones termicas concretamente con respecto a infiltraciones de aire, lo cual requiere encapsular los aislantes fibrosos tradicionales con pantallas de aislante bajo el tejado y una pantalla frente al vapor.The different existing solutions generally respond to several problems, specifically in terms of the volume occupied, weight, cost and ease of installation as well as in terms of the systematicity of the thermal benefits, specifically with regard to air infiltration, which requires encapsulating the fibrous insulators. traditional with insulation screens under the roof and a screen in front of the steam.
No obstante, estas diferentes soluciones conducen habitualmente, con vistas a optimizar la repuesta aportada a uno de estos problemas, a realizar concesiones con respecto a los otros problemas. Asf, el solicitante ha propuesto, en la solicitud de patente FR1654337 no publicada actualmente, un aislante de multiples capas en el que las diferentes capas de material aislante estan separadas mediante laminas de aire. El aislante esta formado entonces por varias capas separadas, que estan situadas de manera que se separan entre dos regiones de ensamblaje, formando asf capas de aire que contribuyen a mejorar en gran medida las propiedades de aislamiento del conjunto.However, these different solutions usually lead, with a view to optimizing the response provided to one of these problems, to make concessions with respect to the other problems. Thus, the applicant has proposed, in the patent application FR1654337 not currently published, a multi-layer insulator in which the different layers of insulating material are separated by air sheets. The insulator is then formed by several separate layers, which are located so that they are separated between two assembly regions, thus forming layers of air that contribute greatly to improving the insulation properties of the assembly.
La presente descripcion se refiere a mejorar un sistema de este tipo, favoreciendo la formacion de las laminas de aire y su homogeneidad, al tiempo que se simplifican las restricciones de montaje para la formacion de tales laminas de aire. The present description relates to improving such a system, favoring the formation of the air sheets and their homogeneity, while simplifying the mounting restrictions for the formation of such air sheets.
e o e a nvencone o e a nvencon
Para ello, la presente invencion propone un sistema de aislamiento termico de un edificio, que comprende al menos dos capas de aislante termico superpuestas, estando cada una de dichas capas de aislante termico compuesta por dos pelfculas de base superpuestas y solidarizadas de manera que se forman huecos, comprendiendo cada uno de los huecos fibras sinteticas; comprendiendo ademas al menos una pelfcula separadora compuesta por dos pelfculas elementales parcialmente solidarizadas entre si, de manera que se presenta una alternancia de partes solidarizadas y de partes no solidarizadas entre las dos pelfculas elementales, de manera que se define una pluralidad de cavidades estancas, estando dicha pelfcula separadora al menos parcialmente solidarizada al contacto con una pelfcula de base de una de las capas de modo que una pluralidad de cavidades estancas se extienden desde una pelfcula de base de cada uno de los huecos y de manera que una pluralidad de cavidades estancas estan situadas entre las capas adyacentes.For this, the present invention proposes a system of thermal insulation of a building, comprising at least two layers of thermal insulation superimposed, each of said layers of thermal insulation consisting of two base films superimposed and joined so as to form holes, each of the holes comprising synthetic fibers; further comprising at least one separating film composed of two elementary films partially integral with each other, so that there is an alternation of solidified parts and parts not joined between the two elementary films, so that a plurality of sealed cavities are defined, said separating film at least partially integral to the contact with a base film of one of the layers so that a plurality of sealed cavities extend from a base film of each of the recesses and so that a plurality of sealed cavities are located between the adjacent layers.
La pelfcula separadora parcialmente solidarizada al contacto con la pelfcula de base de la capa define asf una estructura que forma un separador de gas, encapsulandose el gas en las burbujas asf formadas. Esta estructura puede termoconformarse.The separating film partially in contact with the base film of the layer thus defines a structure forming a gas separator, the gas being encapsulated in the bubbles thus formed. This structure can be thermoformed.
Segun un ejemplo, la pelfcula separadora esta parcialmente solidarizada a una pelfcula de base que compone una capa, estando la pelfcula separadora parcialmente solidarizada de manera que se presenta una alternancia de partes solidarizadas a una pelfcula que compone una capa, y de partes no solidarizadas a dicha pelfcula de base que compone una capa.According to an example, the separating film is partially fixed to a base film that composes a layer, the separating film being partially fixed so that there is an alternation of parts joined to a film that makes up a layer, and of parts that are not joined to each other. said base film that composes a layer.
La pelfcula separadora puede estar formada por una pelfcula elemental, parcialmente solidarizada con la pelfcula de base de una de las capas, de modo que las burbujas se forman entre esta pelfcula elemental y esta pelfcula de base, debido a la solidarizacion parcial entre las mismas.The separating film can be formed by an elementary film, partially joined to the base film of one of the layers, so that the bubbles are formed between this elementary film and this base film, due to the partial solidarity between them.
Segun un ejemplo, la pelfcula separadora puede estar compuesta por dos pelfculas elementales parcialmente solidarizadas entre si, de manera que se presenta una alternancia de partes solidarizadas y de partes no solidarizadas entre las dos pelfculas elementales. En este caso, las burbujas se forman entre dichas partes no solidarizadas, y el conjunto de “pelfcula separadora” asf obtenido puede solidarizarse, parcialmente o no, a la pelfcula de base. According to an example, the separating film can be composed of two elementary films partially integral with each other, so that there is an alternation of solidified parts and parts not joined between the two elementary films. In this case, the bubbles are formed between said unsupported parts, and the set of "separating film" thus obtained can be joined, partially or not, to the base film.
De manera general, el hecho de que la pelfcula separadora esta parcialmente solidarizada significa que las burbujas se obtienen mediante esta solidarizacion parcial, ya se trate de la solidarizacion parcial de la pelfcula separadora a la pelfcula de base de la capa, o de la solidarizacion parcial entre las dos pelfculas elementales que componen la pelfcula separadora.In general, the fact that the separating film is partially joined means that the bubbles are obtained by this partial soldering, whether it is the partial solidation of the separating film to the base film of the layer, or partial solder between the two elementary films that make up the separating film.
Segun un ejemplo, cada capa presenta una pelfcula separadora parcialmente solidarizada a una de las pelfculas de base que componen dicha capa, estando las capas superpuestas de manera que una unica pelfcula separadora (que comprende una pelfcula elemental o dos pelfculas elementales) esta interpuesta entre dos capas adyacentes.According to an example, each layer has a separating film partially joined to one of the base films that make up said layer, the layers being superimposed so that a single separating film (comprising an elementary film or two elementary films) is interposed between two layers. adjacent layers.
Segun un ejemplo, dichas burbujas se rellenan con un gas de los siguientes gases: aire, nitrogeno, oxfgeno, argon, xenon, neon, dioxido de carbono.According to an example, said bubbles are filled with a gas of the following gases: air, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, xenon, neon, carbon dioxide.
Segun un ejemplo, las pelfculas que componen las capas se solidarizan mediante costura, adhesion, soldadura o calandrado, estando desviadas o no unas con respecto a las otras.According to an example, the films that make up the layers are joined together by sewing, adhesion, welding or calendering, being deviated or not with respect to each other.
Segun un ejemplo, las fibras sinteticas comprenden fibras de poliester, que presentan normalmente una masa lineal comprendida entre 0,2 y 25 Denier, mas precisamente entre 0,5 y 15 Denier, o mas precisamente entre 3 y 12 Denier.According to an example, the synthetic fibers comprise polyester fibers, which normally have a linear mass between 0.2 and 25 Denier, more precisely between 0.5 and 15 Denier, or more precisely between 3 and 12 Denier.
El sistema de aislamiento termico tal como se propone comprende ademas normalmente al menos una membrana que forma una envoltura sobre al menos una cara de las capas. Por tanto, pueden preverse dos membranas que forman una envoltura global alrededor de las capas, o bien una membrana que recubre una cara de una de las capas a modo de una envoltura parcial, sirviendo igualmente de membrana la cara opuesta de la otra capa.The thermal insulation system as proposed also typically comprises at least one membrane forming a sheath on at least one side of the layers. Therefore, two membranes can be provided which form an overall envelope around the layers, or a membrane that covers one side of one of the layers in the manner of a partial envelope, the opposite side of the other layer also being membrane-like.
Descripcion de las figurasDescription of the figures
Otras caracterfsticas, objetivos y ventajas de la invencion se desprenderan de la siguiente descripcion, que es puramente ilustrativa y no limitativa, y que debe leerse haciendo referencia a los dibujos adjuntos, en los que las figuras 1 a 4 presentan varios aspectos de ejemplos de sistema de aislamiento termico segun un aspecto de la invencion.Other characteristics, objectives and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description, which is purely illustrative and not limiting, and which should be read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figures 1 to 4 show various aspects of system examples. of thermal insulation according to an aspect of the invention.
En el conjunto de las figuras, los elementos comunes se indican mediante numeros de referenda identicos.In the set of figures, the common elements are indicated by numbers of Identical referenda.
Descripcion detallada de la invencionDetailed description of the invention
Las figuras 1 a 4 presentan varios ejemplos del sistema de aislamiento termico segun un aspecto de la invencion.Figures 1 to 4 present several examples of the thermal insulation system according to an aspect of the invention.
El sistema segun la invencion esta compuesto por capas de aislante termico. La figura 1 representa esquematicamente un ejemplo de capa.The system according to the invention is composed of layers of thermal insulation. Figure 1 schematically represents a layer example.
La capa (100) tal como se representa esta compuesta por dos pelfculas (110 y 120) de base superpuestas.The layer (100) as shown is composed of two superimposed base films (110 and 120).
Estas dos pelfculas (110 y 120) estan solidarizadas de manera que se forman huecos (130); por tanto, la solidarizacion entre las dos pelfculas (110 y 120) se realiza de manera que se definen partes a nivel de las cuales las dos pelfculas (110 y 120) no estan solidarizadas, definiendo estas partes los huecos (130).These two films (110 and 120) are fixed so that gaps (130) are formed; therefore, the solidarity between the two films (110 and 120) is carried out in such a way that parts are defined at the level of which the two films (110 and 120) are not joined together, said parts defining the holes (130).
La solidarizacion entre las dos pelfculas (110 y 120) puede realizarse mediante costura, adhesion, soldadura o calandrado. Puede realizarse de manera diferenciada o continua, y segun motivos en lfneas rectas, en curvas o segun cualquier otra trayectoria o motivo adaptado, por ejemplo segun un motivo en rombos.The joint between the two films (110 and 120) can be made by sewing, adhesion, welding or calendering. It can be carried out in a differentiated or continuous manner, and according to reasons in straight lines, in curves or according to any other trajectory or adapted motive, for example according to a motif in diamonds.
La solidarizacion puede realizarse segun una direccion longitudinal y/o transversal, definiendo asf huecos que pueden estar delimitados por la totalidad o parte de su periferia.The joint can be made according to a longitudinal and / or transversal direction, thus defining gaps that can be delimited by all or part of its periphery.
En la figura 1 se representa esquematicamente un eje (X100) central de la capa (100), pasando este eje (X100) central por las zonas de solidarizacion entre las dos pelfculas (110 y 120). Este eje (X100) central define por tanto una direccion longitudinal de la capa (100).In figure 1 a central axis (X100) of the layer (100) is schematically represented, this central axis (X100) passing through the areas of solidarity between the two films (110 and 120). This central axis (X100) therefore defines a longitudinal direction of the layer (100).
Los huecos (130) tienen una dimension maxima medida segun este eje (X100) central comprendida entre 1 y 60 cm, preferentemente entre 2 y 20 cm, mas preferentemente entre 1 y 10 cm, y aun mas preferentemente igual a 5 cm.The recesses (130) have a maximum dimension measured according to this central axis (X100) comprised between 1 and 60 cm, preferably between 2 and 20 cm, more preferably between 1 and 10 cm, and even more preferably equal to 5 cm.
Por tanto, esto significa que las zonas de solidarizacion entre las dos pelfculas (110 y 120) estan separadas un maximo comprendido entre 1 y 60 cm, preferentemente entre 1 y 20 cm, mas preferentemente entre 1 y 10 cm, y aun mas preferentemente igual a 5 cm segun este eje (X100) central.Therefore, this means that the areas of solidarity between the two films (110 and 120) A maximum comprised between 1 and 60 cm, preferably between 1 and 20 cm, more preferably between 1 and 10 cm, and even more preferably equal to 5 cm according to this central axis (X100) are separated.
Cada uno de los huecos (130) comprende fibras (140) sinteticas en su volumen interno, rellenando por tanto estas fibras (140) sinteticas al menos parcialmente el volumen interno de cada uno de los huecos (130). Las fibras sinteticas presentan normalmente una ondulacion tridimensional; se las califica comunmente de “conjugated” (“conjugadas”) segun la denominacion en ingles. Tales fibras sinteticas que presentan una ondulacion tridimensional permiten favorecer el aumento de volumen que se describira a continuacion. Las fibras son normalmente de dos materiales.Each of the recesses (130) comprises synthetic fibers (140) in their internal volume, thus filling these synthetic fibers (140) at least partially with the internal volume of each of the recesses (130). Synthetic fibers normally have a three-dimensional ripple; they are commonly referred to as "conjugated" ("conjugated") according to the denomination in English. Such synthetic fibers that have a three-dimensional wavelength allow to favor the volume increase that will be described next. The fibers are usually of two materials.
Los huecos (130) tambien pueden comprender otros elementos o materiales que permiten mejorar la conductividad termica o la inercia de los aislantes.The recesses (130) can also comprise other elements or materials that allow to improve the thermal conductivity or the inertia of the insulators.
Las fibras (140) dispuestas en el interior de los huecos (130) son por ejemplo fibras de poliester o poliolefina (polietileno y/o polipropileno), eventualmente combinadas con fibras vegetales o animales, por ejemplo fibras de madera, de lino, de lana. En el caso en el que las fibras (140) son fibras de poliester, estas fibras (140) presentan normalmente una masa lineal comprendida entre 0,2 y 25 Denier, preferentemente entre 0,5 y 15 Denier, y mas preferentemente entre 3 y 12 Denier.The fibers (140) disposed inside the recesses (130) are for example polyester or polyolefin fibers (polyethylene and / or polypropylene), optionally combined with vegetable or animal fibers, for example wood, linen, wool fibers. . In the case where the fibers (140) are polyester fibers, these fibers (140) normally have a linear mass of between 0.2 and 25 Denier, preferably between 0.5 and 15 Denier, and more preferably between 3 and 12 Denier.
Las fibras (140) sinteticas dispuestas en el interior de los huecos (130) pueden ser fibras huecas o macizas, y pueden estar siliconizadas.Synthetic fibers (140) disposed within the voids (130) can be hollow or solid fibers, and can be siliconized.
Las pelfculas (110 y 120) son normalmente pelfculas metalizadas a base de polietileno o de polipropileno cuya emisividad medida en la cara metalizada segun la norma EN16012 esta normalmente comprendida entre 0,02 y 0,2, preferentemente entre 0,05 y 0,07. La metalizacion es por ejemplo de aluminio.The films (110 and 120) are usually metallized films based on polyethylene or polypropylene whose emissivity measured on the metallized face according to the standard EN16012 is normally between 0.02 and 0.2, preferably between 0.05 and 0.07. . The metallization is for example aluminum.
La capa (100) de aislante termico presenta normalmente una densidad superficial comprendida entre 20 y 250 g/cm2, preferentemente entre 20 y 110 g/cm2.The layer (100) of thermal insulation typically has a surface density of between 20 and 250 g / cm 2, preferably between 20 and 110 g / cm 2.
La capa (100) de aislante termico presenta normalmente un grosor comprendido entre 2 y 30 mm tal como se mide segun la norma EN 823 con aplicacion de una presion de 25 Pa. The layer (100) of thermal insulation normally has a thickness comprised between 2 and 30 mm as measured according to EN 823 with application of a pressure of 25 Pa.
Una pelfcula (150) separadora esta parcialmente solidarizada a una de las pelfculas que componen la capa (100) (la pelfcula (120) en el ejemplo ilustrado).A separating film (150) is partially fixed to one of the films that make up the layer (100) (the film (120) in the illustrated example).
Esta pelfcula (150) separadora define burbujas rellenas de un gas, que se extienden por tanto desde la cara externa de la pelfcula (120).This separating film (150) defines bubbles filled with a gas, which therefore extend from the outer face of the film (120).
La pelfcula (150) separadora esta parcialmente solidarizada a la pelfcula (120), y tambien puede estar metalizada y presentar una emisividad, medida en la cara metalizada segun la norma EN16012, normalmente comprendida entre 0,02 y 0,2, preferentemente entre 0,05 y 0,07. La metalizacion puede ser de aluminio.The separating film (150) is partially fixed to the film (120), and can also be metallized and have an emissivity, measured on the metallized face according to the standard EN16012, normally comprised between 0.02 and 0.2, preferably between 0 , 05 and 0.07. The metallization can be aluminum.
Se distinguen por tanto partes (152) solidarizadas que estan solidarizadas a la pelfcula (120), por ejemplo mediante adhesion, termoconformacion, soldadura o cualquier otro medio adaptado, y partes (154) no solidarizadas que por su parte no estan solidarizadas a la pelfcula (120). Estas partes (152) solidarizadas y (154) no solidarizadas estan alternadas, de modo que las partes (154) no solidarizadas estan enmarcadas por partes (152) solidarizadas estancas al gas.There are thus distinguished parts (152) attached to each other that are fixed to the film (120), for example by adhesion, thermoforming, welding or any other adapted means, and parts (154) that are not joined together and that are not attached to the film. (120). These parts (152) integral and (154) non-integral are alternated, so that the parts (154) not attached are framed by gas-tight parts (152).
Las partes (154) no solidarizadas presentan normalmente una superficie superior a su proyeccion sobre la pelfcula (120), de manera que se define un volumen interno relleno de un gas y por tanto se forman burbujas (156) o cavidades estancas.The non-integral portions (154) normally have a surface greater than their projection on the film (120), so that an internal volume filled with a gas is defined and therefore bubbles (156) or watertight cavities are formed.
Las burbujas (156) estan normalmente rellenas de aire, o de otro gas inerte tal como por ejemplo argon, xenon o dioxido de carbono, o incluso su mezcla con dinitrogeno.The bubbles 156 are normally filled with air, or with another inert gas such as, for example, argon, xenon or carbon dioxide, or even their mixture with dinitrogen.
Estos diferentes gases son ventajosos concretamente con respecto al aire debido a su conductividad termica reducida, al tiempo que siguen siendo inertes.These different gases are advantageous in particular with respect to air due to their reduced thermal conductivity, while still being inert.
Como variante, cada una de las pelfculas que componen la capa (100) esta parcialmente solidarizada a una pelfcula separadora, de manera que se definen burbujas rellenas de gas a ambos lados de los huecos (130) de la capa (100).As a variant, each of the films that make up the layer (100) is partially fixed to a separating film, so that gas-filled bubbles are defined on both sides of the recesses (130) of the layer (100).
El sistema de aislamiento tal como se describe se realiza normalmente de la siguiente manera. The isolation system as described is normally performed in the following manner.
Se proporciona una pelfcula (120).A film (120) is provided.
Se proporciona una pelfcula (150) separadora que se solidariza parcialmente a la pelfcula (120), por ejemplo mediante termoconformacion, de manera que se definen burbujas o cavidades estancas entre estas dos pelfculas (120 y 150).A separating film (150) is provided which is partially joined to the film (120), for example by thermoforming, so that bubbles or watertight cavities are defined between these two films (120 and 150).
El conjunto asf formado puede denominarse “separador de gas”.The assembly thus formed can be referred to as a "gas separator".
A continuacion se proporcionan las fibras (140) y la pelfcula (110).The fibers (140) and the film (110) are then provided.
Se suelda parcialmente la pelfcula (110) a la pelfcula (120), de manera que se forman los huecos (130) que encapsulan las fibras (140), formando asf una capa (100) tal como se describio anteriormente.The film (110) is partially welded to the film (120), so that the voids (130) encapsulating the fibers (140) are formed, thereby forming a layer (100) as described above.
Tal como se muestra en la figura 4, que es una vista similar a una parte de la figura 2 segun una variante, la pelfcula (150) separadora puede estar compuesta por dos pelfculas (150A y 150B) elementales, parcialmente solidarizadas entre si para presentar burbujas o cavidades estancas entre estas dos pelfculas elementales. Dicho de otro modo, esta pelfcula separadora puede formarse previamente con burbujas y solidarizarse, parcialmente o no, con la pelfcula (120). En este caso, la pelfcula (150) por ejemplo se termoconforma (la pelfcula (150B) elemental se termoconforma y se solidariza parcialmente a la pelfcula (150A) elemental, que puede ser plana como en el ejemplo representado o tambien termoconformarse) y la pelfcula (150A) elemental se solidariza parcialmente a la pelfcula (120), por ejemplo mediante soldaduras (150’) locales. No obstante, puede concebirse que la pelfcula (150A) se solidarice de manera continua a la pelfcula (120).As shown in figure 4, which is a view similar to a part of figure 2 according to a variant, the separating film (150) can be composed of two elementary films (150A and 150B), partially joined together to present bubbles or watertight cavities between these two elementary films. In other words, this separating film can be preformed with bubbles and joined, partially or not, to the film (120). In this case, the film (150) for example is thermoformed (the elementary film (150B) is thermoformed and partially joined to the film (150A) elementary, which can be flat as in the example shown or also thermoformed) and the film (150A) is partially joined to the film (120), for example by means of local welds (150 '). However, it can be envisaged that the film (150A) be continuously attached to the film (120).
Un sistema de aislamiento segun un aspecto de la invencion comprende al menos dos capas (100) tal como se describieron anteriormente.An isolation system according to one aspect of the invention comprises at least two layers (100) as described above.
Estas capas (100) pueden ensamblarse entre si mediante soldadura, costura, adhesion o calandrado o cualquier otro medio adaptado.These layers (100) can be assembled together by welding, sewing, adhesion or calendering or any other adapted means.
Por tanto, en la figura 2 se representa un sistema de este tipo, que comprende dos capas (100 y 200). La figura 3 es una vista en detalle de una region III de la figura 2, enmarcada en la figura 2. Estas dos capas son tal como se describio anteriormente haciendo referencia a la figura 1. Los numeros de referencia de la segunda capa (200) estan incrementados en 100 con respecto a las referencias usadas con referencia a la figura 1.Therefore, in Figure 2 a system of this type is represented, comprising two layers (100 and 200). Figure 3 is a detailed view of a region III of Figure 2, framed in Figure 2. These two layers are as described above with reference to Figure 1. The reference numbers of the second layer (200) are increased by 100 with respect to the references used with reference to Figure 1.
Tal como se observa en esta figura, las dos capas (100 y 200) estan adaptadas de manera que estan superpuestas una sobre la otra. En este caso son identicas y estan superpuestas de manera simetrica en traslacion segun un eje perpendicular al eje (X100) de la primera capa (100).As seen in this figure, the two layers (100 and 200) are adapted so that they are superposed one on the other. In this case, they are identical and are superimposed symmetrically in translation according to an axis perpendicular to the axis (X100) of the first layer (100).
Tal como se observa en estas figuras, las burbujas (156) formadas por la pelfcula (150) de separacion permiten por tanto garantizar una separacion entre los huecos (130 y 230) de las dos capas (100 y 200).As seen in these figures, the bubbles (156) formed by the separation film (150) therefore make it possible to guarantee a separation between the voids (130 and 230) of the two layers (100 and 200).
En efecto, al estar las burbujas (156) interpuestas entre las dos capas (100 y 200) rellenas de gas, estas ultimas van a mantener una separacion entre la pelfcula (120) de la primera capa (100) y la pelfcula (210) de la segunda capa (200).Indeed, since the bubbles (156) are interposed between the two layers (100 and 200) filled with gas, the latter will maintain a separation between the film (120) of the first layer (100) and the film (210). of the second layer (200).
Esta separacion entre las dos capas (100 y 200) esta formada tanto por las burbujas (156) pero tambien por zonas vacfas entre dos burbujas (156) sucesivas. Estas zonas vacfas se rellenan por aire del medio ambiental.This separation between the two layers (100 and 200) is formed both by the bubbles (156) but also by empty zones between two successive bubbles (156). These empty areas are filled by air from the environment.
Teniendo en cuenta esta alternancia de burbujas (156) y de zonas vacfas, la pelfcula (150) separadora permite por tanto garantizar la formacion de una lamina de aire entre los huecos (130 y 230) de las dos capas (100 y 200).Taking into account this alternation of bubbles (156) and empty zones, the separating film (150) thus makes it possible to guarantee the formation of an air sheet between the voids (130 and 230) of the two layers (100 and 200).
Una separacion de este tipo entre los huecos (130 y 230) de las dos capas (100 y 200) permite mejorar las propiedades de aislamiento termico del sistema. La lamina de aire asf formada mediante la sucesion de burbujas (156) y de zonas vacfas desempena en efecto un papel de aislante. El conjunto propuesto presenta por consiguiente propiedades de aislamiento termico superiores a un conjunto similar que carezca de la pelfcula (150) separadora.A separation of this type between the recesses (130 and 230) of the two layers (100 and 200) allows to improve the thermal insulation properties of the system. The sheet of air thus formed by the succession of bubbles (156) and empty areas in fact performs an insulating role. The proposed assembly therefore has thermal insulation properties superior to a similar set lacking the separating film (150).
A modo de ilustracion, el solicitante ha realizado productos en los que el conjunto compuesto por las pelfculas (110 y 120) y las fibras (140) presenta una conductividad termica comprendida entre 29 y 36 W.m"1.K"1, mientras que el conjunto formado por la pelfcula (120) y la pelfcula (150) separadora asf como las burbujas (156) asf formadas presenta una conductividad termica del orden de 28 W.m"1.K"1. En este ejemplo, las burbujas son burbujas de aire, y la pelfcula (150) esta compuesta por dos pelfculas (150A y 150B) elementales, estando la pelfcula (150B) elemental metalizada. La formacion de las burbujas (156) de aire permite por tanto reducir la conductividad termica del conjunto a un valor proximo a la conductividad termica del aire.By way of illustration, the applicant has made products in which the set consisting of the films (110 and 120) and the fibers (140) has a thermal conductivity comprised between 29 and 36 Wm "1.K" 1, while the set formed by the film (120) and the separating film (150) as well as the bubbles (156) so formed have a thermal conductivity of the order of 28 Wm "1.K" 1. In this example, the bubbles are air bubbles, and the film (150) is composed of two elementary films (150A and 150B), the metallic metallized film (150B) being. The formation of the air bubbles (156) thus makes it possible to reduce the thermal conductivity of the assembly to a value close to the thermal conductivity of the air.
Las burbujas (156) permiten ademas garantizar la formacion de la lamina de aire entre las capas (100 y 200), garantizando una separacion minima entre los huecos (130 y 230) de dos capas adyacentes.The bubbles 156 further permit the formation of the air sheet between the layers 100 and 200, guaranteeing a minimum separation between the recesses 130 and 230 of two adjacent layers.
Como variante del modo de realizacion representado en la figura 2, las dos capas (100 y 200) pueden estar situadas de manera que sus pelfculas (150 y 250) separadoras respectivas esten ambas interpuestas entre los huecos (130 y 230) de las dos capas (100 y 200). En una configuracion de este tipo, el volumen de gas formado entre los huecos (130 y 230) de las dos capas (100 y 200) puede aumentarse sustancialmente.As a variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the two layers (100 and 200) can be positioned so that their respective separating films (150 and 250) are both interposed between the recesses (130 and 230) of the two layers. (100 and 200). In such a configuration, the volume of gas formed between the voids (130 and 230) of the two layers (100 and 200) can be substantially increased.
Se comprende que el sistema de aislamiento termico puede comprender cualquier numero de capas superpuestas, no siendo limitativo el ejemplo ilustrado en las figuras 2 y 3 que presenta dos capas (100 y 200). Por ejemplo, puede proponerse un sistema de aislamiento termico que comprende 3 o 4 capas superpuestas, o mas generalmente cualquier numero adaptado de capas con el fin de obtener las propiedades de aislamiento termico deseadas siempre que al menos una pelfcula separadora este interpuesta entre dos capas sucesivas.It is understood that the thermal insulation system can comprise any number of superimposed layers, the example illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 having two layers (100 and 200) being not limiting. For example, a thermal insulation system comprising 3 or 4 superimposed layers, or more generally any adapted number of layers, can be proposed in order to obtain the desired thermal insulation properties provided that at least one separating film is interposed between two successive layers. .
Las diferentes capas que componen el sistema de aislamiento estan normalmente situadas entre dos membranas que forman una envoltura alrededor de las capas, de manera que se facilita la manipulacion del sistema, o bien recubiertas por una membrana sobre una sola cara, sirviendo la pelfcula que forma la otra cara de membrana sobre dicha otra cara.The different layers that make up the insulation system are usually located between two membranes that form a wrap around the layers, so that the manipulation of the system is facilitated, or they are covered by a membrane on only one side, the film that forms the other membrane face on said other face.
El sistema de aislamiento tal como se propone esta normalmente montado entre dos elementos tales como cabrios. Las partes del sistema de aislamiento entre dos conjuntos de cabrios sucesivos presentan por tanto una estructura de lamina de aire gracias a las burbujas formadas por la pelfcula separadora. The insulation system as proposed is normally mounted between two elements such as rafters. The parts of the insulation system between two sets of successive rafters thus have an air sheet structure thanks to the bubbles formed by the separating film.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1760291A FR3072985B1 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2017-10-31 | IMPROVED THIN INSULATION SYSTEM |
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| ES2711229A1 true ES2711229A1 (en) | 2019-04-30 |
| ES2711229B2 ES2711229B2 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
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| ES201831056A Active ES2711229B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2018-10-31 | IMPROVED THIN INSULATION SYSTEM |
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| BE (1) | BE1025683B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE202018106205U1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2711229B2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR3072985B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2569862B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL2021905B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL241683B1 (en) |
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| US4038447A (en) * | 1976-02-05 | 1977-07-26 | Brock Wayne C | Flame resistant insulation blanket |
| ES2158930T3 (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 2001-09-16 | Michel Georges | ANTI-FIRE FONIC AND THERMAL INSULATION MATERIAL. |
| US20030061777A1 (en) * | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-03 | Alderman Robert J. | Reflective heat insulation |
| US6557313B1 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2003-05-06 | Robert J. Alderman | Blanket insulation with reflective sheet and air space |
| US20030129330A1 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2003-07-10 | Alderman Robert J. | Cell insulation blanket with phase change material, and method of making |
| DE202017102918U1 (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2017-07-27 | Orion Financement | Improved thin insulation system |
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| US4058949A (en) * | 1976-08-24 | 1977-11-22 | Butler Manufacturing Company | Building roof insulation |
| PL315099A1 (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1998-01-05 | Horst Friedrich | Method of sealing inclined roof by means of plastic film |
| FR2792349B1 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2001-07-06 | Airisol | PHONIC AND THERMAL INSULATION |
| FR2833981B1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2004-07-09 | Polydec Ind | INSULATING COMPLEX |
| FR2836944B1 (en) * | 2002-03-06 | 2006-02-24 | Fabrice Rene Bettinger | INSULATING MATERIAL WITH TRANSVERSAL WELDING |
| GB0423523D0 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2004-11-24 | Hunt Tech Ltd | Multi-layer vapour permeable thermal insulation system |
| GB0710632D0 (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2007-07-11 | Hunt Tech Ltd | Thermal insulation system |
| US20080302049A1 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2008-12-11 | Kathleen Antoinette Stoneburner | Insulated fabric pocket panels |
| NL1035815C2 (en) * | 2008-08-12 | 2009-07-30 | Groenzoom N V | Layered heat insulation material. |
| EP2602394A1 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-12 | Alutthermo AG | Multilayer insulator |
-
2017
- 2017-10-31 FR FR1760291A patent/FR3072985B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-10-30 DE DE202018106205.0U patent/DE202018106205U1/en active Active
- 2018-10-31 PL PL427609A patent/PL241683B1/en unknown
- 2018-10-31 NL NL2021905A patent/NL2021905B1/en active
- 2018-10-31 GB GB1817782.4A patent/GB2569862B/en active Active
- 2018-10-31 ES ES201831056A patent/ES2711229B2/en active Active
- 2018-10-31 BE BE2018/0130A patent/BE1025683B1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4038447A (en) * | 1976-02-05 | 1977-07-26 | Brock Wayne C | Flame resistant insulation blanket |
| ES2158930T3 (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 2001-09-16 | Michel Georges | ANTI-FIRE FONIC AND THERMAL INSULATION MATERIAL. |
| US20030061777A1 (en) * | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-03 | Alderman Robert J. | Reflective heat insulation |
| US6557313B1 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2003-05-06 | Robert J. Alderman | Blanket insulation with reflective sheet and air space |
| US20030129330A1 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2003-07-10 | Alderman Robert J. | Cell insulation blanket with phase change material, and method of making |
| DE202017102918U1 (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2017-07-27 | Orion Financement | Improved thin insulation system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL427609A1 (en) | 2019-05-06 |
| GB201817782D0 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
| FR3072985A1 (en) | 2019-05-03 |
| NL2021905B1 (en) | 2019-09-06 |
| PL241683B1 (en) | 2022-11-21 |
| ES2711229B2 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
| GB2569862B (en) | 2022-07-20 |
| BE1025683A1 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
| FR3072985B1 (en) | 2022-08-12 |
| BE1025683B1 (en) | 2019-06-04 |
| GB2569862A (en) | 2019-07-03 |
| DE202018106205U1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
| NL2021905A (en) | 2019-05-06 |
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