ES2711229B2 - IMPROVED THIN INSULATION SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

IMPROVED THIN INSULATION SYSTEM

Technique sector

The present description refers to the field of multilayer insulating products, specifically, but not exclusively, intended for the thermo-acoustic insulation of buildings.

State of the art

The thermal insulation of a building is an essential aspect of its energy consumption.

The different existing solutions generally respond to various problems, specifically in terms of the volume occupied, weight, cost and ease of installation, as well as in terms of the systematic performance of the heat, specifically with respect to air infiltration, which requires encapsulating the fibrous insulation. traditional with insulating screens under the roof and a screen against steam.

However, with the aim of optimizing the response to one of these problems, these different solutions usually lead to compromise with respect to the other problems. Thus, the applicant has proposed, in the patent application FR1654337 not currently published, a multi-layer insulator in which the different layers of insulating material are separated by air sheets. The insulator is then formed by several separate layers, which are located so that they separate between two assembly regions, thus forming air layers that contribute to greatly improve the insulation properties of the assembly.

The present description refers to improving such a system, favoring the formation of the air sheets and their homogeneity, while simplifying the mounting restrictions for the formation of such air sheets.

Object of the invention

For this purpose, the present invention proposes a thermal insulation system for a building, which comprises at least two layers of thermal insulation superimposed, each of said layers of thermal insulation consisting of two base films superimposed and joined together so that they are formed voids, each of the voids comprising synthetic fibers; further comprising at least one separating film composed of two elementary films partially bonded together, so that an alternation of bonded parts and non-bonded parts occurs between the two elemental films, so that a plurality of watertight cavities is defined, being said separating film at least partially solidified in contact with a base film of one of the layers so that a plurality of watertight cavities extend from a base film of each of the voids and such that a plurality of watertight cavities are located between adjacent layers.

The separating film partially solidified in contact with the base film of the layer thus defines a structure that forms a gas separator, the gas being encapsulated in the bubbles thus formed. This structure can be thermoformed.

According to one example, the spacer film is partially bonded to a base film composing a layer, the spacer film being partially bonded such that an alternation of parts bonded to a film composing a layer occurs, and parts not bonded to said base film composing a layer.

The separating film may be formed by an elemental film, partially bonded with the base film of one of the layers, so that bubbles are formed between this elemental film and this base film, due to the partial bonding between them.

According to an example, the separating film can be composed of two elementary films partially bonded together, so that an alternation of bonded parts and non-bonded parts occurs between the two elementary films. In this case, bubbles are formed between said non-bonded parts, and the thus obtained "spacer film" assembly may be partially or not bonded to the base film.

Generally speaking, the fact that the separating film is partially bonded means that the bubbles are obtained by this partial bonding, whether it is partial bonding of the bonding film to the base film of the layer, or partial bonding between the two elementary films that make up the separating film.

According to an example, each layer has a separating film partially bonded to one of the base films that make up said layer, the layers being superimposed so that a single separating film (comprising one elementary film or two elementary films) is interposed between two adjacent layers.

According to an example, said bubbles are filled with a gas of the following gases: air, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, xenon, neon, carbon dioxide.

According to an example, the films that make up the layers are joined by sewing, adhesion, welding or calendering, being deviated or not with respect to each other.

According to one example, the synthetic fibers comprise polyester fibers, which normally have a linear mass of between 0.2 and 25 Denier, more precisely between 0.5 and 15 Denier, or more precisely between 3 and 12 Denier.

The thermal insulation system as proposed furthermore normally comprises at least one membrane that forms an envelope on at least one face of the layers. Therefore, either two membranes can be provided that form an overall envelope around the layers, or a membrane that covers one face of one of the layers as a partial envelope, the opposite face of the other layer also serving as a membrane.

Description of the figures

Other features, objectives and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following description, which is purely illustrative and not limiting, and which should be read with reference to the attached drawings, in which Figures 1 to 4 present various aspects of system examples thermal insulation according to one aspect of the invention.

In the set of figures, the common elements are indicated by numbers of identical reference.

Detailed description of the invention

Figures 1 to 4 present various examples of the thermal insulation system according to an aspect of the invention.

The system according to the invention is made up of layers of thermal insulation. Figure 1 schematically represents an example of a layer.

Layer 100 as shown is comprised of two overlapping base films 110 and 120.

These two films (110 and 120) are joined so that gaps (130) are formed; therefore, the solidarity between the two films (110 and 120) is carried out in such a way that parts are defined at the level of which the two films (110 and 120) are not consolidated, these parts defining the gaps (130).

The bonding between the two films (110 and 120) can be carried out by sewing, adhesion, welding or calendering. It can be done in a differentiated or continuous way, and according to motifs in straight lines, curves or according to any other adapted path or motif, for example according to a rhombus motif.

The solidarity can be carried out in a longitudinal and / or transverse direction, thus defining gaps that can be delimited by all or part of its periphery.

In figure 1 a central axis (X100) of the layer (100) is schematically represented, this central axis (X100) passing through the areas of solidarity between the two films (110 and 120). This central axis (X100) therefore defines a longitudinal direction of the layer (100).

The recesses (130) have a maximum dimension measured along this central axis (X100) comprised between 1 and 60 cm, preferably between 2 and 20 cm, more preferably between 1 and 10 cm, and even more preferably equal to 5 cm.

Therefore, this means that the areas of solidarity between the two films (110 and 120) they are separated by a maximum of between 1 and 60 cm, preferably between 1 and 20 cm, more preferably between 1 and 10 cm, and even more preferably equal to 5 cm along this central axis (X100).

Each of the voids (130) comprises synthetic fibers (140) in their internal volume, therefore these synthetic fibers (140) at least partially fill the internal volume of each of the voids (130). Synthetic fibers normally have a three-dimensional undulation; They are commonly referred to as "conjugated" under the English name. Such synthetic fibers that present a three-dimensional undulation allow to promote the increase in volume that will be described below. The fibers are normally of two materials.

The recesses (130) can also comprise other elements or materials that allow improving the thermal conductivity or inertia of the insulators.

The fibers (140) arranged inside the gaps (130) are, for example, polyester or polyolefin fibers (polyethylene and / or polypropylene), possibly combined with vegetable or animal fibers, for example, wood, linen, or wool fibers. . In the case where the fibers (140) are polyester fibers, these fibers (140) normally have a linear mass comprised between 0.2 and 25 Denier, preferably between 0.5 and 15 Denier, and more preferably between 3 and 12 Denier.

The synthetic fibers (140) disposed within the voids (130) can be hollow or solid fibers, and can be siliconized.

The films (110 and 120) are normally metallized films based on polyethylene or polypropylene whose emissivity measured on the metallized face according to EN16012 is normally between 0.02 and 0.2, preferably between 0.05 and 0.07 . The metallization is for example of aluminum.

The thermal insulation layer (100) normally has a surface density of between 20 and 250 g / cm2, preferably between 20 and 110 g / cm2.

The thermal insulation layer (100) normally has a thickness of between 2 and 30 mm as measured according to EN 823 with the application of a pressure of 25 Pa.

A separating film (150) is partially bonded to one of the films that make up the layer (100) (the film (120) in the illustrated example).

This separating film (150) defines bubbles filled with a gas, which therefore extend from the external face of the film (120).

The separating film (150) is partially bonded to the film (120), and can also be metallized and have an emissivity, measured on the metallized face according to EN16012, normally comprised between 0.02 and 0.2, preferably between 0 , 05 and 0.07. Metallization can be aluminum.

There are therefore distinguished parts (152) bonded that are bonded to the film (120), for example by adhesion, thermoforming, welding or any other adapted means, and parts (154) not bonded which in turn are not bonded to the film (120). These bonded parts (152) and non-bonded (154) are alternated, so that the non-bonded parts (154) are framed by gas-tight bonded parts (152).

The non-bonded parts (154) normally have a surface greater than their projection on the film (120), so that an internal volume filled with a gas is defined and therefore bubbles (156) or watertight cavities are formed.

The bubbles 156 are normally filled with air, or another inert gas such as for example argon, xenon or carbon dioxide, or even their mixture with dinitrogen.

These different gases are particularly advantageous with respect to air due to their reduced thermal conductivity, while still being inert.

As a variant, each of the films that make up the layer (100) is partially bonded to a separating film, so that gas-filled bubbles are defined on both sides of the gaps (130) of the layer (100).

The insulation system as described is normally carried out as follows.

A film (120) is provided.

A spacer film (150) is provided which is partially bonded to the film (120), for example by thermoforming, so that bubbles or watertight cavities are defined between these two films (120 and 150).

The assembly thus formed can be called "gas separator".

The fibers 140 and the film 110 are provided below.

The film 110 is partially welded to the film 120, so that the voids 130 that encapsulate the fibers 140 are formed, thereby forming a layer 100 as described above.

As shown in figure 4, which is a view similar to a part of figure 2 according to a variant, the separating film (150) can be composed of two elementary films (150A and 150B), partially joined together to present bubbles or tight cavities between these two elemental films. In other words, this separating film can be pre-formed with bubbles and partially or not solidified with the film (120). In this case, the film (150) for example is thermoformed (the elemental film (150B) is thermoformed and partially welded to the elemental film (150A), which can be flat as in the example shown or also thermoformed) and the film Elemental (150A) is partially bonded to the film (120), for example by local welds (150 '). However, it is conceivable that the film (150A) is continuously attached to the film (120).

An insulation system according to an aspect of the invention comprises at least two layers (100) as previously described.

These layers 100 can be assembled together by welding, sewing, bonding or calendering or any other adapted means.

Therefore, in figure 2 such a system is represented, which comprises two layers (100 and 200). Figure 3 is a detail view of a region III of Figure 2, framed in Figure 2. These two layers are as previously described with reference to Figure 1. The reference numbers of the second layer (200) are increased by 100 with respect to the references used with reference to Figure 1.

As seen in this figure, the two layers (100 and 200) are adapted so that they are superimposed on each other. In this case they are identical and are symmetrically overlapping in translation along an axis perpendicular to the axis (X100) of the first layer (100).

As seen in these figures, the bubbles (156) formed by the separation film (150) therefore make it possible to guarantee a separation between the gaps (130 and 230) of the two layers (100 and 200).

Indeed, since the bubbles (156) interposed between the two layers (100 and 200) are filled with gas, the latter will maintain a separation between the film (120) of the first layer (100) and the film (210) of the second layer (200).

This separation between the two layers (100 and 200) is formed both by the bubbles (156) but also by empty areas between two successive bubbles (156). These empty areas are filled by air from the environment.

Taking into account this alternation of bubbles (156) and empty areas, the separating film (150) therefore makes it possible to guarantee the formation of an air sheet between the gaps (130 and 230) of the two layers (100 and 200).

Such a separation between the gaps (130 and 230) of the two layers (100 and 200) makes it possible to improve the thermal insulation properties of the system. The air sheet thus formed by the succession of bubbles (156) and of empty areas plays in effect an insulating role. The proposed assembly therefore exhibits thermal insulation properties superior to a similar assembly lacking the spacer film 150.

By way of illustration, the applicant has made products in which the assembly consisting of the films (110 and 120) and the fibers (140) has a thermal conductivity of between 29 and 36 Wm-1.K-1, while the set formed by the Film 120 and separating film 150 as well as bubbles 156 thus formed have a thermal conductivity of the order of 28 Wm-1.K-1. In this example, the bubbles are air bubbles, and the film 150 is comprised of two elemental films 150A and 150B, the elemental film 150B being metallic. The formation of air bubbles (156) therefore makes it possible to reduce the thermal conductivity of the assembly to a value close to the thermal conductivity of the air.

The bubbles (156) also make it possible to guarantee the formation of the air sheet between the layers (100 and 200), guaranteeing a minimum separation between the gaps (130 and 230) of two adjacent layers.

As a variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the two layers (100 and 200) can be located so that their respective separating films (150 and 250) are both interposed between the gaps (130 and 230) of the two layers (100 and 200). In such a configuration, the volume of gas formed between the gaps (130 and 230) of the two layers (100 and 200) can be increased substantially.

It is understood that the thermal insulation system can comprise any number of superimposed layers, the example illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 that has two layers (100 and 200) is not limiting. For example, a thermal insulation system may be proposed that comprises 3 or 4 overlapping layers, or more generally any adapted number of layers in order to obtain the desired thermal insulation properties as long as at least one separating film is interposed between two successive layers .

The different layers that make up the insulation system are normally located between two membranes that form an envelope around the layers, in such a way that the manipulation of the system is facilitated, or they are covered by a membrane on a single face, serving the film that forms the other membrane face on said other face.

The insulation system as proposed is normally mounted between two elements such as rafters. The parts of the insulation system between two successive sets of rafters therefore have an air foil structure thanks to the bubbles formed by the separating film.

Claims (7)

1. - Thermal insulation system of a building, comprising at least two layers (100, 200) of thermal insulation superimposed, each of said layers of thermal insulation consisting of two base films (110, 120) superimposed and bonded so that voids (130) are formed, each of the voids (130) comprising synthetic fibers (140), characterized in that it further comprises at least one separating film (150) composed of two elementary films partially bonded to each other, so that an alternation of bonded parts is presented, and of non-bonded parts between the two elementary films so that a plurality of watertight cavities (156), said separating film (150) being at least partially solidified in contact with a base film of one of the layers (100, 200) so that a plurality of watertight cavities extends from a base film (110, 120) of each one of the recesses (130), and such that a plurality of watertight cavities is located between the adjacent layers (100, 200). 2. - Thermal insulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating film (150) is partially bonded to a film (120) that makes up a layer (100), the separating film (150) being partially bonded so that there is an alternation of parts (152) bonded to a layer-composing film, and parts (154) not bonded to said layer-composing film. 3. - Thermal insulation system according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each layer (100, 200) has a separating film (150, 250) partially bonded to one of the films (120, 220) that make up said layer, the layers (100, 200) being superimposed so that a single spacer film is interposed between two adjacent layers. 4. - Thermal insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said watertight cavities (156) are filled with a gas of the following gases: air, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, xenon, neon, carbon dioxide . 5. - Thermal insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the films (110, 120, 210, 220) that make up the layers (100, 200) are joined by sewing, welding, adhesion or calendering. 6. - Thermal insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the synthetic fibers (140) comprise polyester fibers, have a linear mass comprised between 0.2 and 25 Denier, preferably between 0.5 and 15 Denier, or more preferably between 3 and 12 Denier. 7. - Thermal insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it further comprises at least one membrane that forms an envelope on at least one face of the layers (100, 200).