ES2640929A2 - Thermal energy generation system (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

A thermal power generation system comprising: (a) a fuel feed system (1); (b) a combustión chamber (2) with a double layer of refractory material comprising a mobile grate (21) inclined towards the outlet and configured to advance the combustible material along the entire combustión chamber (2) and which it comprises a plurality of movable (22) and fixed (23) blades (23) distributed uniformly by rows along the entire surface of the combustión chamber (2), being arranged alternately with respect to each other and configured to perform a movement by rows alternate and complete; (c) a cyclone (3); (d) a dilution box (4); and (e) a gas outlet conduit (5). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

THERMAL ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The object of the present invention is a generator of thermal energy with combustion chamber of mobile grill, with the inclusion of additional elements that allow an improvement in combustion and a significant energy saving, taking advantage of the waste of other processes, such as biomass case.

State of the art

In large industries, electric cogeneration plants are usually used to complement or partially or totally replace the energy coming from the electric companies. To date, expensive and polluting fuels are being used, such as natural gas, or other more ecological fuels, such as biomass, which use fixed or mobile grill combustion chambers designed for very specific fuels.

Description of the invention

The thermal energy generation system, object of the present invention, describes a combustion chamber with a series of improvements over conventional industry chambers and intended to increase the utilization of other more economical and residual fuels. All this in accordance with the aspects indicated in the independent revindication that accompanies the present specification and which is incorporated here by reference, as well as the different practical embodiments shown in the dependent claims.

In general, the invention describes an installation essentially formed by different parts, each of which provides an advantageous functionality and which, as a whole, contribute to solving the technical problem posed:

a) A fuel supply system that includes:

to. A plurality of synchronized hydraulic pushers that incorporate mobile protective screens by means of a hydraulic drive; Y

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

b. Curtains of air, water and / or steam, which prevent the heating of the biomass used as fuel before use.

b) A combustion chamber with a double layer of refractory material comprising:

to. A mobile grill inclined towards the exit and configured to advance the combustible material along the entire combustion chamber and extract the stones and slags that are formed by solidification of the silica and other residues contained in the fuel; where said mobile grill also includes:

i. A self-supporting structure;

ii. A plurality of movable and fixed blades distributed uniformly by rows along the entire surface of the combustion chamber, being arranged alternately with respect to each other and configured to perform a movement through alternate and complete rows; Y

iii. Where the plurality of fixed blades is mounted on the self-supporting structure itself, while the movable blades are mounted on metal carriages driven by push bars arranged on the sides of the combustion chamber.

b. A first water-cooled auger at the end of the thermally insulated mobile grill and configured for the collection of ashes from combustion.

C. A combustion fan.

d. A vault cooling fan.

and. First burners arranged on the sides of the combustion chamber, together with some fuel injectors, and which are configured for the initial ignition control and maintenance of the fuel flame.

F. Second burners arranged in the combustion chamber gas outlet duct that form a post-combustion chamber to remove unburned fuels before the combustion chamber exits.

c) A cyclone comprising:

to. An ash extractor by means of a second refrigerated auger; Y

b. A gas washing chamber, through the action of air-water sprayers under pressure.

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

d) A dilution box, which incorporates a motorized shutter valve and an air supply fan and regulates the mixture of gases and air, before entering the dryer.

e) A gas outlet duct.

Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to restrict the present invention. In addition, the present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein.

Brief description of the figures

Next, a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention that is presented as a non-limiting example of this is described very briefly.

FIG. 1 Shows an elevation view of the system set object of the invention.

FIG. 2 Shows a detailed view of the fuel feed system.

FIG. 3 Shows a detailed view of the combustion chamber.

Exposition of a detailed mode of realization of the invention

The attached figures show a system adapted to pruning olive trees as the main fuel, taking advantage of the waste from the oil production process, where the bone will also be used in the burners that make up the system. However, the system object of the invention is applicable to other wastes from other productive processes without altering the essence or structure of the present invention.

The fuel supply system (1) uses olive pruning waste as the main fuel. The introduction of the fuel is carried out by means of a system of synchronized hydraulic pushers (11), which incorporates protective screens (12) of hydraulic actuation (13) and air-water curtains, to avoid

4

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

biomass heating before entering the combustion chamber (2).

The great advantage that this mechanism presents against an endless supply, such as those used in the systems described in the state of the art, is its regulation. The frequency inverter to modulate to the minimum in an endless system is limited, while with a hydraulic piston system it is possible to work at lower speeds, which means that a greater range of minimum power is available. Another advantage that is intended to be achieved with this system is that of being able to use a higher variety of fuels and with the same combustion advantages, in this way the functionality of the dryers will be guaranteed.

The combustion chamber (2) is designed to achieve greater thermal performance, it is based on the use of a mobile grill (21) that has the particularity of moving the fuel and ashes until the end of the grill (21) given its inclination towards the exit and its structure composed of movable (22) and fixed blades (23) distributed uniformly by rows along the entire surface of the combustion chamber (2), being arranged alternately with respect to each other and configured to perform a movement through alternate and complete rows; and where the plurality of fixed blades (23) are mounted on a self-supporting structure (24), while the mobile blades (22) are mounted on metal carriages (25) actuated by push bars (26) arranged in the combustion chamber sides (2).

This structure has a double advantage: first, remove the fuel so that it emulsifies better with the oxidizer than in the fixed grill and secondly that the ash cleaning is continuous, so that the air outlet through the grill does not It is interrupted, maintaining the flame evenly and, therefore, its performance.

To favor the formation of the flame, two burners (27) of automatic operation will be installed on the sides of the combustion chamber (2), burning bone and fuel, which will allow both the start of the flame in the ignition of the chamber , such as maintaining good combustion throughout the entire process. The higher the degree of combustion, the greater the performance of the combustion chamber and therefore the fuel economy.

The chamber (2) will have a double vault in the second half of its length, which

5

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

It favors combustion by staying longer in a high temperature zone. At the end of its route, the upper part of the double vault and before the gas outlet of the chamber, other automatic burners (28) will be installed, which will act as post-combustors. This will finish burning all the fuel provided by increasing the thermal efficiency of the unit.

The ashes generated in the mobile grill (21), are removed at the end of this grill, by means of a first chilled auger to the outside of the chamber (2) where they are collected and stored for later sale to authorized managers.

With this installation, it is intended to lower and control combustion emissions, for this a series of measures have been taken such as:

- Achieve a greater emulsion between the fuel and the oxidizer.

- Keep the gases in the chamber at a higher temperature for a longer time.

- Have a post-combustion zone, where the gases already burned, pass through an area where they remain for three seconds at a temperature not lower than 800 ° C.

The structure of the combustion chamber (2) is formed by a double layer of refractory and will have an externally circulated air chamber, between the chamber body and an insulated layer from the outside; where this air will be used to introduce it inside the chamber as combustion air, which will save fuel consumption.

The chamber (2) comprises a vault cooling fan. As the temperature of the flame formation is very high, this causes the refractory in the vault of that area to suffer the effects of this temperature and sometimes it may suffer softening of the inner layers of the refractory lining. In order to protect this part of the refractory, it is planned to install a medium pressure centrifugal fan and that through a collector and holes made next to the chamber vault and radially, blow cold air, cooling this area and protecting it from the effect of heat. This air, as explained above, will be added to the total combustion air.

The chamber (2) also has a combustion fan. As already explained

6

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

previously, the chamber has a double jacket, among which, and by means of blowing a high-pressure centrifugal fan, it is circulated by cooling the inner refractory jacket, whereby this air is heated and introduced by means of blowers in the combustion zone of the chamber to help a perfect combustion of the fuel, thus recovering the losses originated in the zone of higher temperature.

Once the combustion process is finished, the gases first pass through a cyclone (3), where the larger ashes are decanted, extracting them from the bottom and storing them together with the extractions in the chamber. Cyclones are constructions that are sandwiched between combustion chambers (2) and a drying drum. When passing through the cyclonic decanter, where on the one hand taking advantage of the tangential speed and on the other the loss of speed of 4 to 1.26 m / s of the gases, it is intended to collect the volatile ashes before moving to the purification part of the gases. In the lower part there is a collection of ashes through a second refrigerated auger that transports it outside to the desired area. This unit is preferably metal and has a cylindrical shape with a refractory lining to withstand temperatures in addition to thermally isolating the cyclone (3) from the outside temperature.

Subsequently, the combustion gases are subjected to a gas washing chamber (7) by means of pressurized air-water atomizers decanting the rest of the ashes that have not been eliminated in the cyclone (3).

Gases are washed with pressurized water at 4-6 bar, using two easily interchangeable atomizer lines in operation. The collection of the decantations is carried out by the lower part through the aforementioned worm and they are stored for sale to managers of these products.

Before introducing the hot drying gases into the drying drum (6) a dilution chamber (4) has been incorporated, which incorporates a large volume and low pressure fan, and a person valve; which introduces cold air with two purposes, first adjust the temperature of the drying gases and second eliminate accumulation of unburned gases and thus eliminate risks of sudden combustion.

To facilitate the entry of cold dilution air, necessary for the adjustment in volume and temperature of the drying gases of the pomace in the trommel, a fan of

7

low pressure. This fan is of the helical type with transmission engine so that it is protected against possible gas recoil. This air enters the dilution chamber (4) mixing with the combustion gases to achieve the adjusted temperature of the gases, regulating the volume according to needs, by means of a speed variator and 5 a butterfly valve moved by means of a actuator, so that at the same time that the volume of dilution cold air is regulated and the temperature of the drying gases is adjusted, we eliminate possible gas pockets, which could be stored and cause undesirable short combustion.

10

Claims (1)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 1 - A thermal energy generation system comprising: a combustion chamber (2) with double layer of refractory material comprising: (a) a mobile grill (21) inclined towards the exit and configured to advance the combustible material along the entire combustion chamber (2), where said mobile grill (21) comprises: (a.1) a plurality of mobile (22) and fixed blades (23) evenly distributed in rows along the entire surface of the combustion chamber (2), being alternately arranged relative to each other and configured to perform a movement through alternate and complete rows; Y (b) a first chilled auger at the end of the mobile grill (21) thermally insulated therefrom and configured for the collection of the ashes from combustion; and that is characterized because it also includes: a) a fuel feed system (1) which in turn comprises: to. a plurality of synchronized hydraulic pushers (11) that have mobile protective screens (12) incorporated by means of a hydraulic drive (13); Y b. air, water and / or steam curtains; b) a cyclone (3) comprising a second chilled ash extractor auger; c) a combustion gas washing chamber (7) comprising a double wash curtain with air-water atomizers; d) a dilution box (4) incorporating an air discharge fan; and a motorized shutter valve; Y e) a gas outlet duct (5). 2- The system according to revindication 1 where the structure of the combustion chamber (2) is formed by a double layer of refractory and will have an externally circulating air chamber, between the body of the chamber and an isolated layer of the Exterior; where this air will be used to introduce it inside the chamber as combustion air. 3- The system according to any of claims 1-2 wherein the plurality of fixed blades (23) are mounted on a self-supporting structure (24), while the mobile blades (22) are mounted on metal carriages ( 25) actuated by push bars 5 (26) arranged on the sides of the combustion chamber (2). 4 - The system according to any one of claims 1-2 wherein the combustion chamber (2) a combustion fan; a vault cooling fan; first burners (27) arranged on the sides of the combustion chamber, together with 10 fuel injectors, and which are configured for initial ignition control and maintenance of the fuel flame; and a few second burners (28) disposed in the combustion chamber gas outlet duct that form a post-combustion chamber to remove unburned fuels before the combustion chamber exit. fifteen