RU2740280C1 - Cremator for utilization of biological wastes with closed water system for water heating - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power technological equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of power technological equipment, namely to devices for destruction of wastes by combustion, in particular for utilization of biological, organic, medical wastes and structures of heat generators. Cremator comprises a housing accommodating successive air space with high-pressure blower, combustion chamber and loading chamber and afterburner. At that, the housing has internal lining with a refractory material, and inside the housing in the floor-by-floor sequence there located are an inflatable space which is equipped with a hatch for ash removal and an air supply hole by means of the high-pressure blower, above which combustion chamber is located with coal loading compartment, separated by fire grate, having blow holes, and loading chambers for loading and recycling wastes, separated by fixed grates, having cells for passage of fire, smoke and burnt particles of wastes, wherein grates have water jackets, which, as per the pipeline system are included in a single closed system of heat exchange of water system, comprising expansion tank, heat exchanger tank, inside which there are four coils, a network pump and an air heat exchanger, at that water jackets for grate heating grids are connected to supply and return manifolds, and afterburner chamber is located above housing and has pyramidal-shaped dome shape, in upper part of which it is connected to chimney pipe.

EFFECT: technical result is higher efficiency of biomass burning.

11 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy technology equipment, namely to devices for the destruction of waste by incineration, in particular for the disposal of biological, organic and medical waste and structures of heat generators. The cremator oven destroys unusable organic matter under the influence of high temperatures.

The approach to environmental protection involves the destruction of animal and bird carcasses, waste from livestock and poultry farms, as well as other enterprises that leave unusable biomass in the process. This must be done so that hazardous biowaste is not subject to spontaneous burial or dumping. In addition, the cremator oven allows you to heat water for the household needs of an enterprise through a heat exchanger, which saves on electricity to heat the required volume of hot water used for the targeted needs of enterprises. The cremator furnace has the ability to be inserted into the general heating system, which allows saving on fuel burned in the heating boilers of enterprises in the winter. This significantly saves financial costs and allows you to achieve maximum efficiency of biomass combustion, and also has a positive effect on the environment.

Application RU, No. 2012136024, patent No. 2 507 488, Priority: 21.08.2012, publ. 02/20/2014 Bul. No. 5, IPC F23G 5/00 (2006.01), name: BIOLOGICAL WASTE NEUTRALIZER, Biological waste neutralizer, containing a combustion chamber, a burner unit, a high-pressure fan with air outlet and a sequentially located loading chamber, an afterburner, a cyclone and a resonance pipe, characterized in that it additionally contains a horizontally oriented cylindrical body, equipped with a hatch on a cylindrical surface, a cone on one end side, the second end the side of the body is connected to the afterburner chamber, the loading chamber is made in the form of a cylinder with conical constrictions and holes on the end sides, is located horizontally inside the body on the cradles and is equipped with a hatch on a cylindrical surface opposite the hatch of the body, the combustion chamber is removable in the form of a cylinder, located horizontally inside the loading chamber and is equipped with a grate at one end from the side of the afterburner chamber, the burner assembly is fixed on the casing cone and is mated with the second end of the combustion chamber, the fan air outlet is directed tangentially into the casing in the area of the casing cone and into the loading the chamber in the area of the cone from the side of the burner unit.

Application RU, No. 2018122160, patent No. 185863, Priority: 15.06.2018, publ. 20.12.2018 Bul. No. 35, IPC F23B 10/00 (2011.01), F23G 5/027 (2006.01), name: HEATING DEVICE, Heating device containing a vertically oriented casing with double walls, inside of which there is a bunker for wood fuel of rectangular cross-section and a chamber combined with it gasification, in the lower part of which there is a window for the exit of pyrolysis gases with a grate, and below the grate there is a box for ash, as well as an afterburner and air ducts for supplying primary and secondary air, characterized in that the afterburner is made in the form of an axisymmetric box, is located horizontally in the lower part and along the longitudinal axis of the gasification chamber, and at the same time most of the outer surface of the afterburner box is located above the grate, and on that part of the afterburner box, which is below the grate, there are two horizontal slots for the flow of pyrolysis gas from the outlet window of the gasification chamber in the chamber ore afterburning with a turn of the gas flow to the left and to the right by 90 degrees or more.

Application RU, No. 2010122246, patent No. 96933, Priority: 31.05.2010, publ. 08/20/2010 Bul. No. 23, IPC F23G 5/00 (2006.01), name: FIRED SOLID WASTE NEUTRALIZER, Fired municipal solid waste neutralizer, containing a loading chamber, a combustion chamber and a cyclone equipped with a chimney, while the combustion chamber is located under the loading chamber and represents a vertically oriented cylindrical body with a shaft coaxially located inside it with the formation of an annular gap between the side walls of the body and the shaft, an air flow supply located tangentially to the side wall of the body and connected to the side wall of the body by a burner unit made with the possibility of pulsating combustion, while in the lower part of the combustion chamber housing, an ash pan is attached, connected to an ash turner, characterized in that it is equipped with an afterburner located under the combustion chamber and is a housing with a cylindrical side surface, a hatch for unloading processed products and a nozzle fixed in the upper center the central part of the afterburner and made in the form of a truncated cone with a smaller base facing towards the unloading hatch, and the cyclone is tangentially connected to the afterburner, the body shaft is a cylinder, to the lower base of which a metal frame is attached, made in the form of a set of vertically oriented metal rods, located around the circumference of the cylinder and fastened together with a metal hoop.

Application RU, No. 2019133207, patent No. 2 718 384, Priority: 18.10.2019, publ. 04/02/2020 Bul. No. 10, IPC F23B 40/00 (2006.01) F23G 5/027 (2006.01), name: HEAT GENERATOR FURNACE FOR WASTE COMBUSTION AND HEAT GENERATOR, Heat generator firebox using wood waste, including a cylindrical body made of shells fastened together the internal volume of the furnace, each of the shells contains a cylindrical air chamber and an internal lining with refractory material, the air chamber is connected to the corresponding blowing fan and communicated by means of blowing nozzles with the internal volume of the furnace, a combustion chamber is located inside the lower shell, in the wall of which there is a window in which at least one device for loading wood waste to the bottom of the combustion chamber, while at least part of the inner wall of the combustion chamber adjacent to its bottom and located opposite the loading device is made conical, tapering to the said bottom of the combustion chamber, a number of upper shells form a space above camera goren and a mixing chamber is located inside the upper shell, a flow diverting baffle is installed between the space above the combustion chamber and the mixing chamber, a pipe is installed above the mixing chamber, which communicates the mixing chamber through a control valve with the atmosphere, and a smoke exhauster is installed at the outlet of the mixing chamber, which is the outlet of the heat generator furnace , while the furnace of the heat generator is equipped with a device for controlling the operating mode of the blowing fans, a loading device and an adjustable gate valve.

Known technical solution application RU, No. 2014103912, patent No. 2 559 103, Priority: 02/04/2014, publ. 08/10/2015 Bul. No. 22, IPC F23B 50/12 (2006.01) F23H 7/02 (2006.01), name: FURNER WITH A FIXED GRATE LATTICE, A firebox with a fixed grate and a moving bed of fuel with an inclined combustion mirror for burning agro-pellets, including firing a water-tube or fire-tube boiler and cast iron grate, characterized in that 1/3 of the grate located in the lower part of the grate is attached to the water-cooled pipes in which the boiler water circulates in the boiler circulation circuit.

The closest is the technical solution on the application RU, No. 2019126034, patent No. 2 716 652, Priority: 19.08.2019, publ. 03/13/2020 Bul. No. 8, IPC F23G 5/027 (2006.01) F23B 80/02 (2006.01), name: Firebox for solid waste disposal, Fireplace for disposal of solid municipal waste, including a body, inside which there are two chambers - upper and lower, separated by a fixed grate and interconnected by at least one recirculation path, a primary air supply pipe connected to the body by means of a recirculation path, an afterburner connected to the body through at least one gas channel, and a smoke exhauster connected to the afterburner, with at least one recirculation stroke is connected to the lower chamber and with the possibility of directing the outgoing gas flow tangentially to the inner surface of the lower chamber. The firebox according to claim 1, which further includes a heat exchanger connected to the afterburner and the smoke exhauster.

The technical result, to which the invention is directed, is to increase productivity and save electricity to heat the required volume of hot water used in the workshops of enterprises and to store waste in freezers, by saving the cost of coal, gas and other types of fuel used in boilers enterprises for space heating, during the heating season.

The technical result is achieved as follows, a cremator furnace for the disposal of biological waste with a closed water system for heating water, including a housing, inside of which a blowing space with a high-pressure blower fan, a combustion chamber and a loading chamber are located in series, afterburner, characterized in that the housing has an internal lining with refractory material, and inside the body, in a floor-by-floor sequence, there is a blowing space, which is equipped with a hatch for ash removal and an opening for air supply by means of a high-pressure blowing fan, above which there is a combustion chamber with a compartment for laying coal, separated by a grate having blowing holes, and loading chambers for loading and recycling waste, separated by fixed grates with cells for the passage of fire, smoke and burnt particles of waste, while the grates have water jackets, which, by means of the pipeline system, are included in a single closed heat exchange system of the water system , including an expansion tank, a heat exchanger tank, inside which there are four coils, a network pump and an air heat exchanger, while the water jackets for cooling the grates are connected to the supply and return headers, and the afterburner is located and above the body it has a pyramid-shaped dome shape, in the upper part of which it is connected to the chimney.

Furnace-cremator for disposal of biological waste with a closed water system for heating water has a lining of refractory bricks 230 mm thick. The combustion chamber has an automatic air supply. The blowing fan is connected to the internal volume of the combustion chamber by means of blowing nozzles. Compartment doors open from top to bottom, forming an inclination towards the inside of the oven. The grate, on which the waste is laid, has a water cooling system for the grates. The grates are made of a profile pipe 60 * 60 * 6. Furnace-cremator for disposal of biological waste with a closed water system for heating water has the ability to connect to the general heating system. A biowaste cremator with a closed water system for heating water is powered by coal. The afterburner is lined with 50 mm thick refractory material.

The claimed invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

fig. 1 general view of the device,

FIG. 2 section A-A of the cremator furnace,

FIG. 3 section BB of the cremator furnace,

FIG. 4 Closed system of heat exchange of the water system of the cremator furnace.

The claimed technical device Cremator furnace for utilization of biological waste with a closed water system for heating water is implemented as follows, the body (1) of the Cremator furnace is made of metal lined with refractory material (2), for example, from refractory bricks 230 mm thick, this allows protect the metal from overheating, as well as reach and maintain a high temperature inside the furnace up to 1200 degrees, which is necessary for the complete destruction of waste. Inside the housing (1), there are successively horizontally blown space (3), which is equipped with a hatch (4) for ash removal and an opening (5) for air supply by means of a high-pressure blowing fan (6). The fan (6) blows air into the inflatable space (3). Above the blowing space (3) there is a combustion chamber (7) with a compartment for laying coal, separated by a grate (8) made of a profile pipe 60 * 60 * 6 and having blow holes. The combustion chamber (7) has an automatic air supply, which allows maintaining the temperature within the required range inside the furnace, which contributes to the efficient combustion of waste and the temperature of water in the water system. Automatic air blowing, which is turned off when the set temperature is reached, ensures that the required temperature in the combustion chamber (7) is maintained in the range of 750-800 degrees. The air flow of the blower fan (6) is regulated by means of a frequency converter. This saves the coal required for waste incineration and completely eliminates smoke emissions from the chimney.

Loading chambers (9) for loading and recycling waste, separated by fixed grates (10), with cells for the passage of fire, smoke and burnt particles of waste. The floor-by-floor arrangement of the loading chambers allows waste to quickly flare up from each other and makes it possible to lay waste in the combustion process by means of a lifting platform or a crane-beam. At the same time, the doors (11) in each compartment of the cremator-furnace open from top to bottom and form an inclination towards the inside of the furnace, which ensures easy loading of waste, and also have a tilt adjustment for laying bulk waste.

The grates (10) have water jackets (12), which, by means of the pipeline system, are included in a single closed heat exchange system of the water system, while at the outlet and inlet of all grates there are flange connections and taps (13) connected to the collectors (14) supply and return, which facilitates maintenance and replacement of grates.

The closed heat exchange system of the water system includes an expansion tank (15) of a closed type, as well as a heat exchanger tank (16), which has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 500 mm and a height of 2500 mm, with a volume of 500 liters, inside which there are four coils (17) made of corrugated stainless pipes with a diameter of 15 mm, each 25 meters long. At the inlet and outlet, all stainless pipes are connected into conical collectors (18), through which hot water circulates in a closed system of the cremator-furnace, formed during the combustion of waste. As a result, the temperature of the water, the closed system of the cremator-furnace circulating through the network pump (19) and the water entering the exchanger tank (16) from the well, which is heated and used for analysis, for any needs of enterprises, is exchanged. Such a design solution allows, when disassembling hot water, to drop the temperature in a closed water system of the cremator furnace. The exchange of temperatures in the tank (16) allows heating water for disassembly and at the same time cooling the grates of the cremator furnace. Also, the heat exchanger tank (16) is used as an accumulator to maintain the temperature in the heating system of the enterprise during the heating period, giving off its heat in the reverse order, at night after the end of work. When hot water is not actively disassembled, the temperature in the closed system of the cremator-furnace is reset by means of the air heat exchanger (20), which is included in the closed circuit of the water system. Thus, the air heat exchanger (20) allows you to automatically release the excess water temperature, not used in production, formed during the combustion of waste, in an automatic mode.

The air heat exchanger (20) is a rectangular metal case with built-in fans (21), inside of which, in 2 rows, there are a lot of thin, copper pipes horizontally through which the water of the closed system of the cremator-furnace circulates. The copper tubes are cooled by means of blowing air from the fans, which are switched on in automatic mode. The fans turn on and off when the set temperature threshold is reached on the thermostat sensor located in the control panel (22).

Such a design solution allows maintaining the temperature of the water in the closed system of the cremator-furnace and the temperature of the hot water supplied for disassembly in the required, specified range and thereby protects the grates from overheating.

The air heat exchanger (20) and the heat exchanger tank (16) are connected to the common water system of the cremator furnace to the main supply and return headers.

The afterburner (23) is located above the body and has a pyramid-shaped dome shape and has a direct-flow system of exhaust gases. In the upper part, the afterburner is connected to the chimney (24). In this case, the afterburner (23) has an internal lining with refractory material, which protects the metal from overheating and allows maintaining a high internal temperature.

The afterburner chamber (23) has a pyramid-shaped dome shape, thanks to this design, the entire volume of outgoing gases and flames spread along the inclined walls of the afterburner (dome) chamber and, by inertia, go into the chimney, forming a good natural draft. The pyramidal shape of the afterburner works like a funnel, collecting all gases in one hole in the chimney. In this case, a directed unimpeded passage of gases is carried out, which makes it possible to quickly raise the temperature in the goranium chamber (7) and in the water system of the cremator-furnace; this design is also a good basis for the chimney (24).

The cremator-furnace has a direct-flow system of exhaust gases, all the smoke formed during the combustion of waste rises from the bottom up to the afterburner, where it completely burns out due to the high internal temperature and then the gases exit through the chimney, thus, when the furnace heats up, which is about 30 minutes of operation of the cremator-furnace, in the afterburner (23) a temperature of 750 degrees is reached, as a result the "perolysis" effect occurs and the smoke coming out of the chimney completely disappears. This makes it possible to locate the cremator oven near settlements.

An oven-cremator for the disposal of biological waste with a closed water system for heating water has the ability to be connected to the general heating system, and can also operate both on coal and on wood or other types of fuel, while not losing its efficiency and utilitarian purpose. In addition, timely incineration of biological waste saves working space, since there is no need to store and accumulate waste. This eliminates unpleasant odors and the attraction of wild and domestic animals, birds, flies, and rodents to the enterprise. And environmentally friendly combustion allows to locate the Cremator-Furnace near settlements.

The cremator oven is used in livestock farms, pig farms, poultry farms, etc. for the incineration of animal deaths, as well as at slaughterhouses, meat processing plants for the incineration of industrial waste, at utilization plants for the incineration of organic waste, in veterinary and medical institutions for the incineration of medical waste.

Claims (11)

1. Furnace-cremator for utilization of biological waste with a closed water system for heating water, including a housing, inside of which a blowing space with a high-pressure blowing fan, a combustion chamber and a loading chamber, an afterburner, characterized in that the housing has an internal lining with refractory material are located , and inside the body, in a floor-by-floor sequence, there are a blowing space, which is equipped with a hatch for ash removal and an opening for air supply by means of a high-pressure blowing fan, above which there are a combustion chamber with a compartment for laying coal, separated by a grate with blowing holes, and loading chambers for loading and disposal of waste, separated by fixed grates, with cells for the passage of fire, smoke and burnt particles of waste, while the grates have water jackets, which, by means of the pipeline system, are included in a single closed heat exchange system of the water system, including an expansion tank, a heat exchanger tank, inside which there are four coils, a network pump and an air heat exchanger, while water jackets for cooling the grates are connected to the supply and return headers, and the afterburner is located above the body and has a pyramid-shaped dome form, in the upper part of which it is connected to the chimney. 2. The cremator furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining is made of refractory bricks 230 mm thick. 3. A cremator-furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the compartments for storing the waste are horizontally located. 4. A cremator-furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber has an automatic air supply. 5. The cremator-furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the blowing fan is connected to the inner volume of the combustion chamber by means of blowing nozzles. 6. The cremator oven according to claim 1, characterized in that the compartment doors open from top to bottom, forming an inclination towards the inside of the oven. 7. The cremator-furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the grate, on which the waste is laid, has a water cooling system for the grates. 8. The cremator furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the grates are made of a profile pipe 60 * 60 * 6. 9. The cremator furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that it has the ability to be connected to the general heating system. 10. The cremator furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that it is fired with coal. 11. The cremator-furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the afterburner has a lining of refractory material 50 mm thick.

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