ES2551654B1 - OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE FOR MUSSEL CULTURE IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT AND DEVICE FOR APPLICATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The procedure to optimize the mussel culture includes the contribution of a gas or nutrients, and the contribution of both can occur and thus the procedure includes: 1) data collection of the environment, which is open, 2) introduction of a gas into the circuit comprising said oxygen or ozone gas, 3) release of bubbles of that gas in the water at a certain height and collision of the gas bubbles at a certain height with the release of the oxygen or ozone particles and their perfect mixing with the water, 4) obtaining nutrients, either from a deposit or from the seabed, 5) introduction of these into the circuit and 5) their contribution to the cultivation area, where this process is repeated adjusting the amount of gas and / or of nutrients depending on the needs revealed by the environment data. The device for applying this procedure comprises at least one grill of perforated pipes through which gas and nutrients can be distributed, pumps for maintaining constant pressure and flow in the circuit, suction and filtering elements of the seabed.

Description

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DESCRIPTION

OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE FOR MUSSEL CULTURE IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT AND DEVICE FOR APPLICATION

As the name of the present invention indicates, it refers to a procedure for optimizing mussel culture in the sense of preventing the loss of mussels as well as obtaining higher quality specimens, and also to the device to be able to apply it.

The process includes the following stages, some of which may occur in an overlapping manner; 1) data collection of the environment, this being an open environment, 2) introduction of a gas in the circuit comprising said oxygen or ozone gas, 3) release of bubbles of that gas in the water at a certain height and collision of the bubbles of gas at a certain height with the release of oxygen or ozone particles and their perfect mixing with water, 4) obtaining nutrients, either from a deposit or from the seabed, 5) introducing them into the circuit and 5) contribution of the same in the cultivation area, where this process is repeated adjusting the amount of gas and / or nutrients depending on the needs revealed by the environment data.

The device comprises at least one circuit of perforated pipes through which gas and nutrients are distributed, pumps to maintain constant pressure and flow in the circuit, suction and filtering elements of the seabed.

The sector of the technique to which it belongs is that of aquaculture.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The mussel culture has been known since time immemorial, currently being an important production in Spanish aquaculture and in general in other parts of the world.

This production is carried out in floating rafts that are called bats, which comprise a framework of beams from which the ropes hang where the mussels are fattened.

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The beams can comprise vertical beams for anchoring to the seabed, since these vertical beams are usually made of concrete while the horizontal beams that hang the ropes are made of wood.

These beams constitute the structure of the pans.

One of the main problems that occur in the mussel culture are the problems of anoxia or lack of oxygen, which causes the death of many of them and the low growth in others.

There are procedures applicable to other species that are either not applicable to mussels, or are ineffective in open environments or require specific facilities.

WO2005094568 refers to a process for the cultivation of cockles which are treated in stackable trays and, once a certain width of shell is achieved, transferred to tanks. The proposed invention does not require the transfer of mussels and is applicable in open environments, in addition to being complementary to existing trays.

Patent EP0796556 refers to a process for injecting oxygen during the growth of fish, it being necessary that they are being raised in a pond, while the patent that is intended is effective in open environments, in the open sea.

The RU2294634 patent refers to a mussels breeding method with the characteristics of being a closed-ground breed and sharing breeding with salmon, none of which is given in the patent that is interested.

Patent DE102012011285 refers to a method of fish farming, in a pond, in which temperature, ph and oxygen are controlled, among other parameters, exchanged water from the depth to the surface or vice versa. The patent that is interested, since it is intended to be applied in open environments, does not contemplate influencing the temperature of the water that, as is logical, will be given by the environment.

The CN101336618 patent refers to a mussel culture where mussels share a tank with other edible fish in such a way that these fish are fed

and mussels feed on their feces. Nothing to do with the invention that is intended.

Patents CN103283646 and CN103250660 refer to a cna procedure of 5 crabs in a tank, so it has nothing to do with what you are interested in.

Other patents, such as US 4198926 contemplate the introduction of other substances into seawater, especially oxidizing agents, in a sufficient concentration given certain conditions of temperature and alkalinity of seawater.

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The proposed invention comprises a method for the optimization of the mussel cna and the device for carrying it out.

The mussels' cna is produced in trays that hang the ropes that are submerged and where the mussels adhere during a stage of their rearing.

During this stage, it is easy to produce anoxia situations that can cause poor mussel growth or even the death of some.

20 On the other hand, the lack of nutrients can also cause poor quality of mussels.

The amount of oxygen in the water varies depending on, among other parameters, the temperature of the water, which, in open water farms, it is not possible to control.

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In order to solve the exposed problems, the following invention is planned.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention comprises a procedure for the optimization of the mussel cna avoiding deaths from anoxia and increasing the quality of the specimens as well as a device for its application.

The device comprises:

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1.- A contribution circuit of a) a gas comprising oxygen or ozone, such as atmospheric air or b) food obtained from a nutrient obtaining circuit, since this contribution circuit comprises:

A series of perforated pipes organized in branches, preferably in even numbers, joined together by means of link tubes that act as boilers, where this circuit is a closed circuit.

A pumping device, preferably a positive pressure drive pump, that introduces the gas or feed into the circuit and keeps the pressure and flow rate constant within the circuit. There are different types of pumps for this purpose being the type of rotary emboli which have been tested with good results.

These pipes are at a depth between 0.5 meters and 2.5 meters and preferably between 1.0 and 1.5 meters below the end of the ropes where the mussel colonies are found.

At this depth they are not an obstacle for mussel picking maneuvers.

In order for the gas to mix perfectly with the water, fully affecting the mussel meats, the bubbles that form when passing from the pipes to the aqueous medium must be exploded, which is achieved by causing their shock in their ascending path. .

This shock must occur in the vicinity of the mussels, because if it occurs earlier, that is to say in greater depth, it would disperse in excess, the system not being efficient and, if it occurs at a lower depth, that is, above the colonies of mussels, I could not be breathed by mussel mussels.

In order to have the pipes at the indicated depth and that do not interfere with the maintenance and collection maneuvers, and ensure that the gas bubbles collapse at the ideal depth, the pipes have perforations preferably arranged two by two and at a 90 ° angle to each other, one being at the top of the pipe section and another on the side of the section.

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The holes have a diameter between 1.5 and 5 mm, preferably between 2.5 and 4 mm and more preferably 3 mm.

As stated above, the pipes are organized in branches preferably in even numbers and arranged so that the lateral holes face each other in the pipes that form the pair.

This configuration of the pipes, the depth at which they are located and the shock caused by gas bubbles, in addition to the advantages to favor mussel farming and not hinder maintenance and collection maneuvers, has been proven to prevent the occurrence of algae that usually appear in the lower ends of the mussel ropes.

2.- A nutrient obtaining circuit being that this circuit has two subcircuits, alternative or complementary to each other, to obtain nutrients.

2.a) Subcircuit for obtaining nutrients from a deposit, where said deposit is preferably supplied with commercially obtained nutrients although it can be supplied from other sources. In case of contribution of commercial nutrients such as phytoplankton, the presence of suspended solids in the water should be less than 0.015kg / m3.

2.b) Subcircuit to obtain nutrients from the seabed, where through suction elements nutrients are taken from the existing seabed under the bat itself or from a perimeter strip of a maximum of 12 meters wide, preferably less than 6 meters wide and preferably between 2 and 4.5 meters from the profile of the vertical of the bat.

The depth from which nutrients are extracted will be between 10 cm and 4 meters, preferably between 20 cm and 2 meters and more preferably between 30 cm and 1 meter below the seabed.

For the extraction of nutrients, a series of tastings are first carried out to detect the areas where the desired nutrients are found.

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By means of a suction system, seafloor material is absorbed by discarding the components of greater grain size thanks to a first filtrate.

There may be a second filtration for, taking into account the parameter of suspension materials in the water, this is maintained between 0.04 and 0.065 kg / m3.

The main aspects of the device have been pointed out, although measuring instruments, electrogens and others that are suitable for the operation of the device and the application of the ignition described below must be added.

The exposed device allows the application of a procedure that essentially comprises one of the following two actions; contribution of gas to water for oxygenation or nutrient supply, both of which can be combined. For it

1. A previous stage of verification of the starting data where the starting data comprises at least some of the following parameters: materials suspended in the water, maximum water temperature, volatiles, volatile soluble solids or water saturation concentration from sea.

2. A stage of forced oxygenation of the crop which in turn is divided into the following sub-stages:

to. Selection of the type of gas to be contributed to the water where that gas must comprise oxygen or ozone, the atmospheric air being valid in this sense.

b. Adjustment of the amount of gas to be distributed to maintain the amount of volatile soluble solids between 0.19 and 0.42 kg / m3 and, preferably between 0.22 and 0.35 kg / m3.

C. Gas injection in the gas distribution circuit.

d. Distribution of the gas through suitable means, these means being arranged between the sea floor and the mussel supports, being that this distribution is carried out through means that favor the mixing of the gas with the water.

3. A stage of forced feeding of the crop that will comprise at least one of the following forms of feeding:

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to. Feeding through phytoplankton injection, in which case phytoplankton is distributed directly in the water, maintaining a presence of solids in suspension of less than 0.015kg / m3.

b. Feeding through nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) obtained from the seabed itself for which:

i. The extraction zone comprising the vertical of the bat is determined as well as a strip outside it and that surrounds it, this strip being between 0 and 12 meters wide, preferably between 0 and 6 meters and more preferably this strip is extends between 2 and 4.5 m from the profile of the vertical of the bat.

ii. From the subsoil of that strip, between 0 and 4 preferably between 20cm and 2 meters and more preferably between 0.30 m and 1 m deep, nutrients mixed with sand and other existing material are sucked.

iii. Based on the starting data obtained, especially from the parameter of suspension materials in the water, the material obtained for the parameter of suspension materials in the water is filtered ranging between 0.04 and 0.065 kg / m3.

C. The matter already filtered is introduced into a distribution circuit and distributed through the appropriate means. These means are arranged between the sea floor and the mussel supports.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIGURE 1 shows, in diagram, a mussel pan in which the device object of the present for the application of the procedure also object of the present has been installed and thus we find:

The structure of the bat which in this case comprises vertical beams (1) to anchor the bat to the seabed (7) and horizontal beams (2) from which hang the ropes (3) in which, at a point below The sea surface (4) contains the colonies of mussels (5) attached to the ropes.

It can also be seen, in side view, the grid of gas distribution pipes (6) that run at a depth greater than that of the mussel colonies (5), the bubbles of

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gas (8), which, at a certain point already close to the colonies of mussels, collide with each other breaking into particles (9) easily assimilated by the mussels.

These gas distribution pipes (6) are preferably in parallel, in pairs and joined together at their ends thanks to perpendicular connecting tubes (10) to them that act as boilers.

The gas, in this case air, is introduced into the pipes thanks to the action of a pumping device (11) such as a positive pressure impulse pump which, according to the figure, obtains it directly from the outside through an outlet of air (12).

The nutrient supply subsystem is also appreciated, which, as shown here, uses the pump and the gas distribution pipe, although in other possible executions it can have its own pressure pump and its own pipes.

In the nutrient supply subsystem we find the suction tube (13) whose lower end is inserted in the seabed (7), there is a roughing filter (14) close to said end.

The suction tube is connected to a suction pump (15) which in turn communicates with a second filter (16) and with the pressure pump (11).

The nutrient supply subsystem can obtain the nutrients from a tank (17) communicated with the pressure pump being that this tank can be filled with nutrients obtained from other sources or filled with nutrients obtained from the subsoil, which is done at through the tube (18) helped, if necessary and if necessary, by an additional pump.

FIGURE 2 schematically shows a grid of distribution pipes (6) preferably arranged in pairs and joined at their ends thanks to link tubes (10) being connected to the pressure pump not shown here.

FIGURE 3 shows a section of one of the pipes of the pipe grill where there is a set of holes (19) located in a 90 ° position with respect to each other being one at the top of the section of the pipe and such holes being between 1.5mm and 4.5mm in diameter, preferably 3mm in diameter.

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DESCRIPTION OF A MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

A way of carrying out the invention is explained here which is not unique nor can it be interpreted as limiting but merely explanatory.

The invention comprises a method of optimizing the mussel cna in an open environment and the device for carrying out said procedure.

The procedure includes both the contribution of gas to water and the contribution of nutrients. To carry out the proceedings, the procedure includes:

An environmental data collection stage, in particular with respect to materials in suspension in the water, maximum water temperature, volatiles, volatile soluble solids or saturation concentration of sea water.

A stage of oxygen contribution to mussel meats, a stage that in turn is divided into the following sub-stages:

to. Selection of the type of gas to contribute to the water where that gas must comprise oxygen or ozone, the atmospheric air being valid.

b. Adjustment of the amount of gas to be provided to maintain the amount of volatile soluble solids between 0.19 and 0.42 kg / m3 and, preferably between 0.22 and 0.35 kg / m3.

C. Gas injection in the gas distribution circuit.

d. Gas distribution through the tuben grill.

A stage for feeding mussel cnas, which in turn comprises at least one of the following sub-stages:

to. Feeding through the injection of phytoplankton, in which case the phytoplankton is supplied to the water through the grill of tubenas that take it from a tank. In this case, the presence of suspended solids remains below 0.015kg / m3.

b. Feeding through nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) obtained from the organic matter of the seabed itself for which:

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i. Taking as an area the base of the mussel, an outside strip is determined and surrounding it, this strip being less than 12 meters wide, preferably less than 6 meters, with the area between 2 and 4 being the area of preference , 5 meters from the edge of the mussel.

ii. From the subsoil of that strip, at a depth of less than 4 meters and preferably between 0.30 m and 1 m, nutrients mixed with sand and other existing material are sucked.

iii. Based on the starting data obtained, especially from the parameter of suspension materials in the water, the material obtained for the parameter of suspension materials in the water is filtered ranging between 0.04 and 0.065 kg / m3.

C. The already filtered matter is introduced into a distribution circuit and distributed through the pipe grills.

The device for carrying out this procedure comprises:

1.- A distribution circuit that includes:

A pipeline grill where the pipes:

They are made of a corrosion resistant material that has some flexibility, such as PVC, although other materials are not discarded.

They are arranged in pairs joined at their ends by connecting tubes.

They have a series of 3mm diameter holes, such holes being arranged in pairs and at a 90 ° angle with respect to each other, one being at the top of the tube section and the other at its side.

Each pair of pipes has their side holes facing each other.

They are at a height between 1.0 and 1.5 meters below the end of the ropes where the mussel colonies are found.

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They are fixed to the vertical beams and incorporate, at least at the points of union with the beams, damping elements.

A pressure pump connected to the pipe rack suitable for maintaining constant pressure and flow, a rotary embolus pump being provided, although the use of other devices is not ruled out.

2.- A nutrient obtaining circuit comprising the following subsystems, other executions being possible where only one of them exists.

A nutrient obtaining subsystem comprising:

A suction pump

A suction pipe suitable for penetrating the seabed, preferably at a depth less than 4 meters and more preferably at a depth between 30 cm and one meter.

A roughing filter at a point between the end of the pipe and the suction pump.

A second filter

In a subsidiary manner and in the case that it is not possible to obtain nutrients from the seabed, a phytoplankton tank connected to the distribution circuit is available.

The device thus described operates as follows:

Once the parameters of interest are taken, the gas to be added to the water is determined in order to avoid anoxia in mussel crops. It is necessary to determine the gas both in its composition and in its quantity.

The gas will comprise oxygen, ozone or atmospheric air.

The gas is introduced into the pressure pump and it directs it to the pipeline grill, keeping the flow and pressure constant throughout the pipeline grill.

Through the orifices of the pipes, the gas accesses the sea water in the form of bubbles that rise to the surface and, at a point close to the colonies of mussels, collide between them breaking and being diffused by the water, resulting in this way assimilable by mussels.

As for food, as has been exposed there are two subsystems of obtaining nutrients;

In the first of them, the main one, the nutrients are obtained from the seabed through the suction of existing materials there, being logical to carry out a series of previous tastings to determine the appropriate places to perform the extraction.

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The material extracted by suction of the seabed goes through a filtering process and is introduced into the distribution circuit.

Subsidiarily, in the case that the use of the 20 resources of the seabed was not possible or convenient, a nutrient obtaining subsystem is provided where the phytoplankton nutrient that accesses the distribution system from a storage tank.

This deposit can also be filled with nutrients obtained from the seabed and stored as a reserve.

Nothing prevents other executions from having more than one deposit.

Claims (18)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 1. - PROCEDURE FOR OPTIMIZATION OF MUSSEL CULTURE IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT characterized in that it begins with the verification of the starting data where this verification includes the measurement of at least one of the following parameters; materials in suspension in the water, maximum water temperature, volatiles, volatile soluble solids or saturation concentration of sea water to subsequently comprise at least one of the following actions; the contribution of gas to the water where that gas comprises oxygen or ozone, or the contribution of nutrients to the water where those nutrients, obtained from a nutrient obtaining circuit, comprise at least one of the following components: phytoplankton, nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium 2. - OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE FOR MUSSEL CULTURE IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT according to claim 1 characterized in that the gas supply stage comprises the following sub-stages: 1. Selection of the type of gas to contribute. 2. Adjustment of the amount of gas to be provided to maintain the amount of volatile soluble solids between 0.19 and 0.42 kg / m3 and, preferably between 0.22 and 0.35 kg / m3. 3. Provision of gas through suitable means, these means being arranged between the sea floor and the colonies of mussels (5). 3. - OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE FOR MUSSEL CULTURE IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT according to claim 1 characterized in that the stage of supply of nutrients to the water obtained from a nutrient obtaining circuit comprises at least one of the following sub-stages: 1. Contribution of phytoplankton maintaining a presence of solids in suspension less than 0.015kg / m3, these nutrients being obtained from a deposit. 2. Nutrient supply among which at least nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium will be found, these nutrients being obtained from the seabed itself (7). 4. - OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE FOR MUSSEL CULTURE IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT according to the previous claim characterized in that the nutrient supply sub-stage obtained from the seabed comprises the following sub-stages: 1. Determination of the extraction zone that includes the vertical of the bat and a strip outside it and that surrounds it, being this strip between 0 and 12 meters 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 wide, preferably between 0 and 6 meters and more preferably this strip extends between 2 and 4.5m from the bat's perfometer. 2. From the subsoil of that strip, between 0m and 4m preferably between 0.2m and 2m and more preferably between 0.30m and 1m deep, nutrients mixed with sand and other existing material are sucked. 3. Based on the starting data obtained, especially the parameter of suspension materials in the water, the material obtained is filtered so that the parameter of suspension materials in the water reaches between 0.04 and 0.065 kg / m3. 4. The matter already filtered is introduced into a distribution circuit and is supplied to the water. 5. - DEVICE FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE OF THE MUSSEL CULTURE IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT characterized by comprising: At least one water supply circuit of a) the nutrients from a nutrient obtaining circuit or b) of a gas comprising oxygen or ozone, where that contribution circuit in turn comprises: a) A grill of pipes (6) installed at a depth of between 0.5 meters and 2.5 meters and preferably between 1.0 and 1.5 meters vertically and below the end of the ropes where they are located the colonies of mussels (5), being that these pipes have holes (19). b) Means for fixing such pipes, preferably to the structure of the trays (1) and (2). c) Means for injecting gas or nutrients into the circuit and maintaining constant pressure and flow within the circuit, these means comprising a pumping device (11). 6. - DEVICE FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE OF THE MUSSEL CULTURE IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT according to claim 5 characterized in that the pipe rack (6) comprises parallel pipes, preferably in even numbers, joined together by their ends by link pipes (10) 7. - DEVICE FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE OF THE MUSSEL CULTURE IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT according to claim 5 characterized in that the pipes have holes (19), such holes being arranged two by two, preferably at a 90 ° angle with respect to each other, one being at the top of the pipe section and the other at the side of the pipe. 8. - DEVICE FOR THE APPLICATION OF OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE 5 OF THE MUSSEL CROP IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT according to claim 7 characterized in that the pipes are arranged in pairs with the holes on the sides of each pair of pipes facing each other. 9. - DEVICE FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE 10 OF THE MUSSEL CULTURE IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT according to claim 5 characterized in that the holes have a diameter between 1.5 and 5 mm, preferably between 2.5 and 4 mm and more preferably 3 mm. 10. - DEVICE FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE 15 OF THE MUSSEL CULTURE IN OPEN ENVIRONMENTS according to claim 5 characterized in that the pumping device (11) comprises a positive pressure drive pump, preferably a rotary embolus pump. 11. - DEVICE FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE 20 OF THE MUSSEL CULTURE IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT according to claim 5 characterized in that the nutrient obtaining circuit comprises at least one of the following subcircuits: 1. Subcircuit for obtaining food from a warehouse (12). 2. Sub-circuit for obtaining food from the seabed (7), where this sub-circuit 25 comprises: a) At least one suction pump (15). b) A pipe (13) that connects the suction pump with the sea floor. c) At least one filter (14) 30 12.- DEVICE FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE OF THE CROP OF THE MUSSEL IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT according to previous claim characterized in that the points of contact between the pipes and the structure of the trays have damping elements.