JP6460912B2 - Plant growing apparatus and plant growing method for growing plants in a ship - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant growing apparatus and a plant growing method for sowing and growing plants such as vegetables in a ship.

  In recent years, in order to maintain and promote the health of ship crews who have been sailing for a long time, in addition to raw vegetables harvested on the ground and loaded on departure, vegetables are sown and cultivated in the ship to provide a stable supply of fresh vegetables. Therefore, in the ship building, we apply the technology of stationary plant cultivation that supplies hydroponic liquid (nourishing liquid) to the cultivation table in the land building and hydroponic cultivation using an artificial light source. Attempts were made to cultivate plants, and as a specific example, for example, an upright box-shaped front side with an open / close door formed in a multi-staged cultivation space inside the device body, (Cultivation bed) and an artificial light source placed above, a nutrient solution supply means for supplying hydroponic solution (nutrient solution) to the cultivation stand, an air conditioner for adjusting temperature and humidity, etc. A cultivation pad that is installed and has multiple small holes in each cultivation bed. In addition, a carrier such as a sponge with plants planted in each small hole is fitted and plugged, and a sensor that detects the shaking of the ship is installed to detect the shaking state and supply / stop the nutrient solution By controlling this, it is possible to prevent the nutrient solution from leaking from the cultivation bed, and to prevent the breakage by covering the circumference of the cultivation table with equipment that absorbs the impact of the shaking of the ship, and is necessary for photosynthesis in the cultivation space Install a fan that supplies air, and automatically control the operation / stop of the nutrient solution supply pump when it detects shaking, control the air conditioner, turn on the artificial light source, and control the lighting time. A marine plant cultivating apparatus and a method for using the same (see Patent Documents 1 and 2) have been conventionally known.

JP 2003-310069 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-236591

  Even if a ship is large, the number of crew members is small. For example, a large merchant ship is operated by at most 20 crew members, so that the crew is in a state of extremely high mental and physical stress on a long voyage. Hydroponically cultivating plants such as vegetables in the ship not only supplies freshly picked vegetables as food, but also gives the crew the ability to grow plants, watch growing plants, and smell , Touching, and eating can help to improve the well-being of the crew during the voyage.

However, with conventional techniques, it is not possible to stably sow and grow plants by hydroponics in a ship. The inside of the ship is a severe environment for hydroponics of plants.
Ships are subjected to shaking, vibration, and shock due to rolling (rolling) and pitching (pitching) during the voyage. In the case of a storm, the inclination of the ship due to shaking reaches close to 25 ° and is repeated with a period of several tens of seconds. May last several days. If you hit a wave of swell, pitching will occur and you will receive a strong impact like flying furniture on board. Even in a calm voyage, the tilt angle is not large, but it always shakes.

  In addition, since the ship moves during its voyage, the temperature and humidity of the breeding environment are affected by the climate and weather conditions at that position, and the low temperature environment is low in the low temperature region, the high temperature environment in the high temperature region, and the low humidity in the low humidity region. High humidity environment in the high humidity area. Even in a ship, the temperature and humidity are controlled by air conditioning in the residential area, but the place where the air conditioning works is not always adopted as the place for growing plants.

  In this way, the inside of a ship is a severe environment in which the inclination, vibration, and shock due to shaking during voyage are large, and the temperature and humidity change in various ways. The existing plant cultivation device developed for land use cannot perform stable hydroponics in an environment peculiar to such a ship during voyage.

  In addition, as an attempt to cultivate plants in a ship by overcoming the tilt and impact caused by shaking during voyage, for example, as described above, a cultivation panel having a plurality of small holes is placed on a cultivation stage arranged in multiple stages In addition, a carrier such as a sponge planted with a plug plant is fitted in each small hole and plugged. The shaking of the ship is detected to control supply / stop of nutrient solution, and the cultivation table absorbs shocks. Plant cultivation for marine vessels, which is covered with equipment to prevent damage due to impact, and air is supplied into the cultivation space by a fan to automatically control nutrient solution supply pumps, air conditioners, artificial light sources, etc. The device and its method of use have been known in the past, but in the case of the conventional device and method, when the vessel shakes greatly, the nutrient solution supplied to the cultivation stand is not a sponge or the like fitted in a small hole. Leaks through the carrier and overflows from the cultivation table There is a risk that.

  In addition, the above-described conventional apparatus and method are for cultivating vegetables on a ship and supplying freshly picked fresh vegetables as food to maintain and promote the health of the crew. It is not intended to give stress-enhanced crews the ability to heal plants, grow plants, watch growing plants, feel fragrances, touch them, and eat them. It is not something that takes measures to increase

  The present invention can stably plant and cultivate plants in a ship with large shaking, vibration and impact without much effort, and supply fresh vegetables picked up to the crew as food. The purpose is to be able to give the body and body healing by growing, watching growing plants, feeling the scent, touching, and eating.

  The plant growing device of the present invention has a plurality of cultivation holes so as to insert a sponge-like porous carrier such as a sponge for sowing and holding plant seeds inside an upright box-type device body whose front side can be seen through. An open cultivation stand is installed, a tray for receiving nutrient solution is installed at the bottom of the cultivation stand, and a plurality of nutrient solutions for plant cultivation are supplied to the tray above the tray on the upstream side in the tilt direction of the cultivation table A nutrient solution supply pipe with a liquid injection hole is installed, an artificial light source is installed above the cultivation table, and it is installed in the ship, seeded at the notch of the carrier, and the nutrient solution supply device A plant growing device that feeds and circulates a nutrient solution from a liquid tank to grow a plant in a ship, and the cultivation table is horizontal in the left-right direction when viewed from the front of the main body of the plant and 5 ~ 30 ° It is arranged so as to incline downward toward the front side of the device body, and the tray A portion corresponding to each cultivation hole of the stand forms a plurality of cells surrounded and partitioned by a partition plate extending in the inclination direction of the cultivation stand and a partition plate extending in a direction perpendicular to the inclination direction for each cultivation hole, The height of the partition plate extending in the tilt direction is higher than the height of the partition plate extending in the direction perpendicular to the tilt direction.

  In this plant growing apparatus, it is preferable that a plurality of cultivation holes are provided in an arrangement in which the cultivation stand is arranged in the tilt direction and the horizontal direction.

  Moreover, it is preferable that this plant growing apparatus is provided with a plurality of stages of cultivation tables.

  In addition, the plant growing device has a receiving container attached to the lower part of the cultivation stand, a tray is installed in the receiving container, and the nutrient solution is returned to the nutrient solution supply device at the bottom of the receiving container. It is preferable that the pipe is connected.

  Moreover, it is preferable that this plant growing apparatus is provided with the fan and ventilation opening which ventilate the inside of an apparatus main body.

  Moreover, it is preferable that this plant growing apparatus is one in which a nutrient solution supply apparatus is installed in the lower part of the apparatus main body.

  In addition, the plant growing apparatus includes a sensor that detects a shaking state of the apparatus main body, and the nutrient solution supply that temporarily stops the feeding of the nutrient solution to the tray when the sensor detects shaking of a predetermined angle or more. -It is preferable that a stop control means is provided.

  Further, the plant growing apparatus includes a sensor kit for detecting the properties of the nutrient solution supplied to the tray, and adjusts the composition of the nutrient solution components based on the detection results of the nutrient solution properties by the sensor kit. It is preferable to include a property control means.

  In addition, this plant growing apparatus is provided with a nutrient solution reservoir in which a certain amount of nutrient solution is accumulated even if the liquid level in the nutrient solution tank fluctuates in the nutrient solution tank of the nutrient solution supply device. It is preferable that the sensor kit is installed.

  Moreover, it is preferable that this plant growth apparatus is equipped with the oxygen addition apparatus which supplies oxygen in a nutrient solution and manages the oxygen concentration in a nutrient solution to 5 ppm or more.

  Moreover, it is preferable that this plant growing apparatus is equipped with the sterilizer which sterilizes a nutrient solution in the circulation process.

  Moreover, it is preferable that this plant growing apparatus is equipped with the alarm device which issues a warning when a cultivation hole is used in an open state.

  Moreover, it is preferable that this plant growing apparatus is provided with the waste liquid processing apparatus which processes the waste liquid of a nutrient solution, and the waste liquid generated by washing | cleaning and maintenance of an apparatus.

Then, the plant growing method of the present invention includes the above plant growing device installed in a ship, and seeds the seeds of the plant to be grown in the cut portion of the sponge-like porous carrier inserted into the cultivation hole of the cultivation stand. A height at which the nutrient solution is supplied to the tray from the upstream side in the inclination direction of the cultivation stand by operating the liquid supply device, and the nutrient solution moistened with the sponge-like porous carrier extends in the inclination direction by the inclination of the cultivation stand. A nutrient solution supply that is held in tandem by a high partition plate, flows down to the downstream side in the tilt direction over a partition plate that extends in a direction perpendicular to the tilt direction, and returns to the nutrient solution supply device for circulation. By carrying out the process by automatic operation at all times, seeding of plants by hydroponics in an environment with a temperature of 10 to 40 ° C., a humidity of 15 to 85%, and an artificial light source of 70 to 250 μmol / m ² / sec. From batch to training And features.

  In this plant growing method, the apparatus main body is preferably installed via a vibration isolator that reduces vibration and impact.

  Further, in this plant growing method, a stocking-like exchangeable filtration filter having pores and flexibility is inserted inside the nutrient solution supply pipe, and the opening is formed along the circumferential inner surface on the pipe inlet side. It is preferable to fix.

  According to the present invention, the cultivation table on which the tray is installed is inclined, and the nutrient solution is supplied to the tray from the upstream side in the inclined direction, so that the nutrient solution flows from the upstream side in the inclined direction to the downstream side (the front side of the apparatus main body). ).

  And a plurality of trays surrounded by a partition plate extending in a direction perpendicular to the tilt direction and a partition plate extending in a direction perpendicular to the tilt direction, corresponding to each cultivation hole of the cultivation table, for each cultivation hole By forming this cell, the nutrient solution overflows over the partition plate and flows downstream while accumulating a certain amount in the cell for each cultivation hole.

  Even if the ship is tilted by the shaking or shock caused by the waves, if the tilt is such that the downward tilt to the front side of the main body of the cultivation table is maintained, a nutrient solution that overflows downstream while accumulating a certain amount in the cell The flow of is maintained. Even if the inclination due to the shaking or impact of the ship temporarily increases and the cultivation stand may incline to the side opposite to the front side of the main body, the nutrient solution remains in the cell. Yes.

  And since the partition plate which forms a cell has the height of the partition plate extended in the inclination direction higher than the partition plate extended in the direction perpendicular to the inclination direction, the flow of nutrient solution is high in the inclination direction. It becomes the flow of the column along a partition plate.

  In addition, even if the cultivation stand tilts in the left or right direction when viewed from the front of the main body due to the shaking or impact of the ship, the partition plate extending in the tilt direction prevents the flow of nutrient solution in the direction perpendicular to the tilt direction. In addition, the tandem flow of the nutrient solution flowing over the partition plate having a low height extending in the direction perpendicular to the inclination direction is maintained.

In this way, even if the cultivation stand tilts due to the shaking or impact of the ship, the nutrient solution flows evenly in each cell of the tray by maintaining the cells of the tray in cascade from the upstream side to the downstream side so that the nutrient solution flows. Go around. Therefore, the nutrient solution can be distributed evenly to the plants held on the carriers in the cultivation holes, and the plants can be sown and grown stably. And it saves manpower by performing the nutrient solution supply process by automatic operation at all times, temperature 10-40 ° C (15-35 ° C is more preferable), humidity 15-85% (35-75% is more preferable). In addition, from seeding to growing of plants can be performed collectively by hydroponics under an environment with an artificial light source of 70 to 250 μmol / m ² / sec. And fresh vegetables picked by the crew can be supplied as food to help maintain and promote health.

  In addition, the front side of the main body of the device can be seen through, and the cultivation table is arranged so as to tilt downward in the front-rear direction, so that the growing plants can be seen from the outside, and the door is opened to feel the scent. It is easy to happen, and for the crew who has been stressed by a long voyage, grow the plant, see the growing plant, feel the scent, touch it, and heal the mind and body by eating Can be given.

Plants are difficult to see from the front side on parallel cultivation platforms. If the inclination angle is 5 to 30 °, vegetables and the like can be seen widely from the front side. The inclination angle is more preferably 10 to 26 °.
In addition, when the nutrient solution is supplied from a high position on the inclined cultivation stand, the nutrient solution flows down by gravity, so that the pump power can be reduced and it is economical.

  Since each crew member has a full-time charge, they cannot spend much time on plant cultivation. According to the present invention, hydroponics can be performed fully automatically or semi-automatically except for sowing, thinning, transplanting and uptake.

As for light, an artificial light source is suitable because it is difficult to obtain an environment where natural light can be obtained. As the amount of light, 70 to 250 μmol / m ² / sec, which is not the unit of brightness but the amount of light in the wavelength range required by plants, is suitable.

  In addition, the light is not limited to white light, and it is also a preferred choice to produce a comfort effect by light using a wavelength preferred by plants, pink or blue.

  In addition, the cultivation hole is closed with a carrier such as a sponge that holds the plant. However, if a large shake occurs during navigation and the inclination becomes excessive, there is a risk that the nutrient solution leaks from the cultivation hole. In order to prevent such leakage, it is preferable to stop supplying the nutrient solution and return it to the tank at a certain angle. For this purpose, as described above, a sensor for detecting the shaking state of the apparatus main body is provided. In addition, it is preferable to provide a nutrient solution supply / stop control means for temporarily stopping the supply of the nutrient solution to the tray when the sensor detects a swing of a predetermined angle or more.

  In addition, the tray at the bottom of the cultivation platform forms a cell that is divided for each growing plant and has a structure in which the liquid can be stored and the roots of the plant are immersed in the nutrient solution. If the time is too long, there is a risk that the nutrient solution will be reduced in the pool and the plant will die. In order to prevent this, when a large shake continues and the supply stop time of the nutrient solution becomes long, it is preferable to release the supply stop at regular intervals for 5 to 15 minutes and circulate the nutrient solution.

  In order to grow plants, the oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution must be maintained at 5 ppm or more. However, the nutrient solution supply system is designed to prevent the nutrient solution from leaking when it is tilted. Therefore, the nutrient solution tends to be deficient when the plant absorbs oxygen. Therefore, it is preferable to blow air into the nutrient solution with a bubble generating nozzle or the like to keep the oxygen concentration at 5 ppm or more. Since oxygen is difficult to dissolve in water, it should be constantly blown.

  In addition, in a closed ship, it is necessary to prevent the plant from becoming ill and the growth of harmful bacteria to the human body. It is also important that the pathogens are not attached to the body when the crews land in other countries. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a negative state such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae, and Clostridium botulinum. Therefore, it is necessary to provide sterilization facilities such as ozone, hypochlorous acid, ionic water, and ultraviolet rays for the nutrient solution and the growing vegetables to carry out the prevention of epidemics. Therefore, a sterilizer for sterilizing the nutrient solution continuously in the circulation process is provided.

  Also, if the cultivation hole on the cultivation stand is not closed when the plant is not grown, the nutrient solution may spill out due to shaking or impact, and if it leaks to the floor outside the device, it will cause corrosion and cause ship corrosion. To damage. Therefore, in order to prevent forgetting to close, an alarm device is provided that issues an alarm when the cultivation hole is used in an open state, such as prompting confirmation of forgetting to close when the door of the apparatus main body is closed.

  Also, it is not preferable to discharge waste liquid such as nourishing liquid that has finished its role after use for a certain period of time, cleaning water for cleaning cultivation equipment, trays and the like to the ocean as it is. In view of this, a waste liquid treatment apparatus for treating waste liquid of nutrient solution and waste liquid generated by cleaning and maintenance of the apparatus is provided. The waste liquid is reduced in volume by, for example, an evaporating and drying method in which moisture is removed by evaporation or gelation, and stored as solid waste and landed.

  The inside of the ship is an environment with large vibration and impact. Therefore, the apparatus main body of the plant growing apparatus is attached to the floor via a vibration isolator.

  In addition, the circulating nutrient solution may be mixed with garbage such as a peeled plant root, which may block the liquid injection hole of the nutrient solution supply pipe. Therefore, a stocking-like (long bag-like) replaceable filtration filter having a pore and flexibility is inserted into the nutrient solution supply pipe so that the liquid injection hole is not blocked by dust. Since the inserted filtration filter has a bag shape, it spreads until it reaches the tip of the pipe by a water flow, and sticks to the inner surface of the pipe by water pressure. And garbage is filtered with a filter. Even if some dust is attached to the filter, the injection hole of the pipe is not directly clogged with dust. Therefore, the liquid injection can be continued for a long time. Moreover, this filtration filter fixes an opening along the circumferential inner surface on the pipe inlet side, and even a busy crew member can be replaced in a very short time.

  As is apparent from the above description, the present invention stably sown and cultivates plants without placing a burden on busy crew members in ships that are difficult to cultivate plants due to large shaking, vibration and impact. Can supply fresh fresh vegetables to the crew as food, grow plants, watch growing plants, feel fragrance, touch, and eat There is an effect that can give mind and body healing by doing.

It is a mimetic diagram showing a schematic structure of a plant breeding device of an embodiment of the present invention. It is a system block diagram of the nutrient solution supply apparatus installed in the main body lower part of the plant growing apparatus of embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the oxygen addition apparatus and ultraviolet sterilizer in embodiment of this invention. The internal structure of the plant growing apparatus of embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) is a model side view, (b) is a model front view. The structure of the tray and receiving container in embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is bb sectional drawing, (c) is cc sectional drawing. The flow of the nutrient solution in the state which the tray and the receiving container incline in the embodiment of the present invention are shown, (a) is a sectional view and (b) is a figure seen from the device body front side. It explains the installation state of the filtration filter inside the nutrient solution supply pipe in the embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a schematic diagram of the use state of the nutrient solution supply pipe in which the filtration filter is installed, (b) is the filtration filter Process explanatory drawing of the state which inserted and fixed one end, (c) is a process explanatory drawing of the state which the filtration filter with which one end was fixed spreads with a water flow, (d) is a schematic diagram of the state which the dust adhered to the filtration filter. . The state of sowing in the embodiment of the present invention is shown, (a) is a schematic diagram of the state of sowing, and (b) is a layout view of cultivation holes. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state where the young bud came out in embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state of thinning in embodiment of this invention.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a plant growing apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This plant growing apparatus 100 is an upright box type in which the apparatus main body 1 can be seen through from the front side of the apparatus through an opening / closing door containing glass or resin on the front, and the cultivation stand 3 is located inside the apparatus main body 1 from the front of the apparatus main body. As viewed in the horizontal direction in the left-right direction, and in the front-rear direction, a plurality of stages are arranged so as to be inclined downward by 5 to 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal (the one shown in the figure is three stages, but is not limited to this). The LED lamp 2 is installed as an artificial light source above each cultivation stand 3. Plants 4a, 4b and 4c to be grown are planted on the inclined cultivation table 3.

  Moreover, the lower part of the apparatus main body 1 is an equipment room in which a nutrient solution supply apparatus described later is installed. In addition, what is attached | subjected with the code | symbols 7 and 8 in the figure is the oxygen addition apparatus 7 and the ultraviolet sterilization apparatus 8 which comprise a part of nutrient solution supply apparatus, Comprising: However, for convenience of explanation, it is externally attached.

  The apparatus main body 1 is fixed to the floor 6 in the ship through a vibration isolator using a vibration isolating rubber 5 and other impact resistant materials so as to cope with vibrations and shocks such as waves.

  FIG. 2 shows the system configuration of the nutrient solution supply apparatus 200 installed in the equipment room below the apparatus body 1. The nutrient solution supply apparatus 200 includes an oxygen addition device 7, an ultraviolet sterilizer 8, a nutrient solution tank 9, a sensor kit 10, an acid solution tank 11, an alkaline solution tank 12, an acidic solution supply pump 13a, and an alkaline solution supply device. The pump 13b, the pump 13c for supplying liquid fertilizer, the pumps 14a and 14b for supplying nutrient solution, the fertilizer tank 15, the air pump 18 and the like. The nutrient solution 20 returned from the cultivation table 3 is supplied to the oxygenator 7 The system is configured such that the oxygen is added and purified by the pump 14a, sent to the UV sterilizer 8 by the pump 14a, UV sterilized, returned to the nutrient solution tank 9, and sent from the nutrient solution tank 9 to the cultivation table 3 by the pump 14b. ing. The system for supplying and circulating the nutrient solution is always automatically operated by this process.

  The fertilizer tank 15 contains a high-concentration liquid fertilizer containing nutrient components (for example, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash, etc.) necessary for plant growth.

  The oxygen addition device 7 supplies oxygen to the nutrient solution by the air pump 18 and keeps the oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution 20 at 5 ppm or more. Clean up nutrient solution by helping to lift garbage.

  The ultraviolet sterilizer 8 passes the nutrient solution 20 through a pipe irradiated with ultraviolet rays by a UV lamp, and sterilizes continuously in the circulation process.

  The sensor kit 10 detects the properties (pH and electrical conductivity) of the nutrient solution in the nutrient tank 9. A nutrient solution reservoir 42 is provided in the nutrient solution tank 9 so that a certain amount of nutrient solution is accumulated even if the liquid level 28 fluctuates, and the sensor kit 10 is installed therein.

  The detection signal of the sensor kit 10 is sent to a control device (not shown) provided in the nutrient solution supply device 200. The control device includes a nutrient solution property control means for adjusting the composition of the nutrient solution components based on the detection result of the nutrient solution properties by the sensor kit 10.

  Then, based on the measured pH value of the nutrient solution 20 in the nutrient solution tank 9, when the acid solution is required to adjust to a predetermined pH, the acid solution is sent from the acid solution tank 11 to the nutrient solution tank 9 by the pump 13 a. When adjustment with an alkaline solution is necessary, the alkaline solution is sent from the alkaline solution tank 12 to the nutrient solution tank 9 by the pump 13b.

  Moreover, from the electrical conductivity measurement result of the nutrient solution 20 of the nutrient solution tank 9, the change of the nutrient solution component is detected, and the liquid fertilizer is fed from the fertilizer tank 15 by the pump 13c to adjust to the predetermined nutrient solution component. 9 is sent. And the nutrient solution 20 adjusted with the nutrient solution tank 9 is sent to the cultivation stand 3 with the pump 14b.

  Depending on the composition of the liquid fertilizer, it may crystallize at a high concentration. In that case, the liquid fertilizer components are individually supplied to the nutrient solution tank 9 using a plurality of fertilizer tanks 15 and pumps 13c. I can deal with it.

  When the nutrient solution 20 in the nutrient solution tank 9 decreases, water is poured into the nutrient solution tank 9 through a filter by a water supply pipe (not shown).

  Since this system is a circulation system, the oxygen addition device 7 is incorporated in the nutrient solution tank 9, the pump 14a on the inlet side of the nutrient solution tank 9 is omitted, and the ultraviolet sterilizer 8 is placed after the pump 14b on the outlet side of the nutrient solution tank 9. May be provided. In that case, the system is similar.

  FIG. 3 shows the structure of the oxygenator 7 and the ultraviolet sterilizer 8. Although omitted in FIG. 3, a pump 14a is provided between the oxygenator 7 and the ultraviolet sterilizer 8 as shown in FIG.

  The nutrient solution 20 that has returned from the cultivation table 3 returns to the tank of the oxygenator 7. Then, air is ejected from the air pump 18 into the tank by a nozzle, whereby bubbles 19 are generated and oxygen is dissolved in the nutrient solution 20. Air jets also contribute to the rise of some garbage. The nutrient solution 20 is sterilized by the ultraviolet sterilizer 8 and then returns to the nutrient solution tank 9. A deaeration valve 21 is provided in the upper part of the tank of the oxygen addition device 7.

FIG. 4 shows the internal structure of the plant growing apparatus 200.
The cultivation stand 3 is arranged so as to be horizontal in the left-right direction when viewed from the front of the apparatus main body and to be inclined downward to the front side of the apparatus main body by 5 to 30 ° with respect to the horizontal in the front-rear direction. A plurality of LED lamps 2 are attached to the upper position of each cultivation stand 3. In addition, a nutrient solution supply pipe 22 that supplies a nutrient solution for plant cultivation toward the tray 30 (see FIG. 5) installed in the lower portion of the cultivation table 3 is installed on the upstream side in the inclination direction of the cultivation table 3. ing. Then, on the downstream side in the inclination direction of the cultivation table 3, it overflows from the tray 30 into the receiving container 31 (see FIG. 5), collects in the reflux pipe 32 (see FIG. 5), and returns the nutrient solution to the nutrient solution supply apparatus 200. A nutrient solution return pipe 23 is installed. In addition, a ventilation fan 24 is provided for each stage of the cultivation stand 3 on one side wall of the apparatus main body 1, and a ventilation port 25 is provided for each stage on the opposite side wall.

  A plurality of cultivation holes 40 are formed in the cultivation table 3 as shown in FIG. The plurality of cultivation holes 40 are arranged so as to be aligned in the inclination direction and the horizontal direction of the cultivation table 3. And the receiving container 31 shown in FIG. 5 is inserted by the lower part of the cultivation stand 3, and the tray 30 is installed in the receiving container 31. As shown in FIG. A reflux pipe 32 that opens to the receiving container 31 is connected to the bottom four corners of the receiving container 31.

FIG. 5 shows the structure of the tray 30 and the receiving container 31.
The tray 30 is surrounded by a partition plate 27 extending in the inclination direction of the cultivation table 3 for each cultivation hole 40 and a partition plate 26 extending in a direction perpendicular to the inclination direction for each cultivation hole 40. This is a structure that is partitioned to form a plurality of cells, and is installed in the receiving container 31. A receiving container 31 in which the tray 30 is installed is
It is fitted in the lower part of the cultivation table 3.

  And about the partition plates 26 and 27 which form the cell divided according to every cultivation hole 40, the tray 30 is the partition plate 26 extended in the direction at right angles to the inclination direction about the height of the partition plate 27 extended in an inclination direction. For example, the height is higher by about 5 mm to 10 mm.

FIG. 6 shows the flow of the nutrient solution in a state where the tray and the receiving container are inclined.
As shown in (a) of FIG. 6, the nutrient solution 20 injected from the solution injection hole 29 of the nutrient solution supply pipe 22 has the tray 30 inclined together with the cultivation table 3 (inclined by 25 ° in the example in the figure). As a result, while a certain amount is accumulated in each of the divided cells of the tray 30, it flows over the partition plate 26 extending in a direction perpendicular to the inclination direction to the downstream side (front side of the apparatus main body). Then, the nutrient solution 20 overflows into the receiving container 31 on the downstream side, collects and flows to the reflux pipe 32, and returns to the oxygen addition device 7 of the nutrient solution supply device 20 through the nutrient solution return pipe 23 (see FIG. 4). To do.

  Even if the ship is tilted by the shaking or shock caused by the waves, if the tilt is such that the descending tilt toward the front side of the main body of the cultivation table 3 is maintained, it overflows downstream while accumulating a certain amount in each cell. The flow of the nutrient solution 20 is maintained. Even if the inclination due to the shaking or impact of the ship temporarily increases and the cultivation table 3 may be inclined to the side opposite to the front side of the apparatus main body with respect to the horizontal, the nutrient solution remains in the cell as it is. The accumulated state continues. And since the height of the partition plate 27 extending in the tilt direction is higher than the height of the partition plate 26 extending in the direction perpendicular to the tilt direction, the nutrient solution 20 flows along the partition plate having a high height extending in the tilt direction. It becomes the flow of the column.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 6B, even when the cultivation table 3 is tilted in the left-right direction when viewed from the front of the apparatus main body with respect to the horizontal due to the shaking or impact of the ship, the tilt is smaller than a certain angle α °. The partition plate 27 extending in the inclination direction prevents the nutrient solution 20 from flowing in the direction perpendicular to the inclination direction, and the nutrient solution flowing over the partition plate 26 having a low height extending in the direction perpendicular to the inclination direction. A tandem flow of liquid 20 is maintained.

  Thus, even if the cultivation stand 3 is tilted due to the shaking or impact of the ship, the nutrient solution 20 flows while maintaining the cells of the tray 30 in tandem from the upstream side to the downstream side, so that the cells of the tray 30 are universal. There is no nutrient solution. Therefore, the nutrient solution 20 can be uniformly distributed to the plants held on the carrier 30 of each cultivation hole 40, and the plants can be stably sown and grown.

  The inside of the apparatus main body 1 is periodically ventilated by a fan 24.

  The plant growing device 200 includes a sensor (not shown) that detects the shaking state of the device body 1. The control device (not shown) is provided with nutrient solution supply / stop control means for temporarily stopping the supply of the nutrient solution 20 to the tray 30 when a swing of a predetermined angle or more is detected.

  The injection hole 29 (see FIG. 5) of the nutrient solution supply pipe 22 may be clogged with dust 35 such as a peeled root in the nutrient solution 20, and when it is clogged, a long time is required for cleaning. The crew members are busy with their individual roles, so cleaning during blockage hinders their main business. Therefore, it is desirable to prevent clogging and enable easy cleaning even when clogged. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7 (a), a stockable exchangeable filtration filter 33 having pores and flexibility is inserted into the nutrient solution supply pipe 22, and the opening is formed in a circle on the pipe inlet side. Fix along the inner circumference.

  As shown in FIG. 7B, the filter 33 is inserted into the nutrient solution supply pipe 22 with the opening portion behind, and one end is fixed. When the nutrient solution 20 flows, the filtration filter 33 attached in this way spreads in a water flow and enters the deep portion of the nutrient solution supply pipe 22 as shown in FIG. And it sticks to the inner surface of the nutrient solution supply pipe 22 with water pressure. Since the liquid injection hole 29 of the nutrient solution supply pipe 22 is not blocked even if dust accumulates, the nutrient solution 20 can flow through the gap and supply the nutrient solution from the water injection hole 29. Folds that are largely deposited can be peeled off and easily replaced with a new filtration filter 33. And the garbage 35 is filtered with a filter. Further, even if some dust adheres to the filter 35, the injection hole 29 is not directly clogged with dust. Therefore, the liquid injection can be continued for a long time. If the accumulation of the dust 35 becomes large, it can be peeled off and easily replaced with a new filtration filter 33.

  This plant growing apparatus 100 is installed in a ship. Then, as shown in FIG. 8A, a sponge-like porous carrier 37 such as a sponge is inserted into the cultivation hole 40 of the cultivation table 3 so that a part of the carrier 37 is immersed in the nutrient solution 20 in the tray 30. For example, seed the vegetable seeds 36 to be grown. The cultivation hole 40 is a through hole having a diameter of about 25 mm, for example, and is regularly opened in the cultivation table 3. Then, the nutrient solution supply apparatus 200 is operated to supply the nutrient solution to the tray 30 from the upstream side in the tilt direction of the cultivation table 3 and circulate the vegetables.

  When the nutrient solution supply apparatus 200 operates. The nutrient solution 20 is supplied to the tray 30 from the upstream side of the cultivation table 3 in the inclination direction. The nutrient solution 20 moistens the sponge-like porous carrier 37, and the inclination of the tray 30 by the inclination of the cultivation table 3. While being held in tandem by the partition plates 27 having a high height extending in the direction, it flows down to the downstream side over the partition plate 26 having a low height extending in the direction perpendicular to the inclined direction, and returns to the nutrient solution supply apparatus 200. Circulate.

  Then, for example, after about 5 days, as shown in FIG. 9, when the young leaf 39 grows to about 3 cm, for example, in order to prevent the inhibition of growth due to crowding of vegetables, as shown in FIG. Remove all). And the extracted part must be closed with the stopper 41. If it is left open, there is a risk of liquid leakage when the ship is tilted. Also, light is applied to the nutrient solution 20 to generate algae called blue sea bream, which causes oxygen shortage and clogging of the tube system. Become. For this reason, an alarm device (not shown) is provided to warn with a voice or an alarm sound whether the device body 1 is closed with the stopper 41 when the door is opened or closed.

  The grown vegetables can be harvested at any time, from small to large sizes such as sprout. The collected vegetables are washed and used for food.

  This cycle is generally repeated for about one year, and then the nutrient solution 20 is discharged and processed by a waste liquid treatment device. The cultivation table 3, the tray 30, and the receiving container 31 are sterilized by washing or sufficient wiping.

In this way, in the ship, in the environment of temperature 10-40 ° C, humidity 15-85%, artificial light source 70-250 μmol / m ² / sec, manpower is saved, and everything from plant sowing to planting is integrated. Can be done.

1 Body 2 LED lamp (light source)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Cultivation stand 4a, 4b, 4c Growing plant 5 Vibration isolator 6 Floor 7 Oxygenation apparatus 8 Ultraviolet sterilizer 9 Nutrient tank 10 Sensor kit 11 Acid liquid tank 12 Alkaline liquid tank 13a, 13b, 13c Pump 14a, 14b Pump 15 Fertilizer tank 18 Air pump 19 Air bubbles 20 Nutrient solution 21 Deaeration valve 22 Nutrient solution supply pipe 23 Nutrient solution return pipe 24 Fan 25 Ventilation hole 26 (Low height) partition plate 27 (High height) partition plate 28 Liquid surface 29 Injection hole 30 Tray 31 Receiving container 32 Reflux pipe 33 Filtration filter 34 Injection liquid 35 Garbage 36 Seed 37 Carrier (sponge)
38 Plant roots 39 Young leaves 40 Growing holes 41 Plugs 42 Nutrient reservoir

Claims (16)

A cultivation stand having a plurality of cultivation holes formed so as to insert a spongy porous carrier for planting and holding plant seeds is installed inside the main body of an upright box type whose front side can be seen through. A tray for receiving nutrient solution is installed at the bottom of the table, and a plurality of injection holes for supplying the nutrient solution for plant cultivation toward the tray are opened above the tray on the upstream side in the tilt direction of the cultivation table. A nutrient solution supply pipe is installed, an artificial light source is installed above the cultivation table, installed in the ship, seeded in the cut portion of the carrier, and the nutrient solution is supplied from the nutrient tank of the nutrient solution supply device A plant growing device that feeds and circulates to grow plants in a ship,
The cultivation table is arranged so as to be inclined downward to the front side of the apparatus main body in the horizontal direction when viewed from the front of the apparatus main body, and in the front-rear direction by 5 to 30 ° with respect to the horizontal.
The tray is a plurality of compartments each of which is surrounded by a partition plate extending in the inclination direction of the cultivation stand and a partition plate extending in a direction perpendicular to the inclination direction for each cultivation hole. Forming cells,
The plant growing device, wherein a height of the partition plate extending in the tilt direction is higher than a height of the partition plate extending in a direction perpendicular to the tilt direction. The plant growing device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of cultivation holes are provided in an arrangement in which the cultivation table is inclined and horizontally arranged. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the cultivation tables are provided. A receiving container is attached to a lower part of the cultivation stand, the tray is installed in the receiving container, and a nutrient solution return pipe for returning the nutrient solution overflowing from the tray to the nutrient solution supply device is provided at the bottom of the receiving container. The plant growing device according to claim 1, wherein the plant growing device is connected. The plant growing device according to claim 1, wherein a fan and a ventilation opening for ventilating the inside of the device main body are provided. The plant growing device according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution supply device is installed at a lower portion of the device main body. Provided with a sensor for detecting the shaking state of the apparatus main body, and provided with nutrient solution supply / stop control means for temporarily stopping the supply of the nutrient solution to the tray when the sensor detects shaking of a predetermined angle or more. The plant growing device according to claim 1 characterized by things. A sensor kit for detecting the properties of the nutrient solution supplied to the tray and a nutrient solution property control means for adjusting the composition of the nutrient solution components based on the detection results of the properties of the nutrient solution by the sensor kit. The plant growing device according to claim 1, wherein the plant growing device is characterized in that: A nutrient solution reservoir is provided in the nutrient solution tank in which a certain amount of nutrient solution is accumulated even if the liquid level in the nutrient solution tank fluctuates, and a sensor kit is installed there. Item 9. A plant growing apparatus according to Item 8. The plant growing device according to claim 1, further comprising an oxygen addition device that supplies oxygen into the nutrient solution and manages an oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution at 5 ppm or more. The plant growing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a sterilizing apparatus that sterilizes the nutrient solution in a circulation process. The plant growing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an alarm device that issues an alarm when the cultivation hole is used in an open state. The plant growing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a waste liquid treatment apparatus for treating waste liquid of nutrient solution and waste liquid generated by cleaning and maintenance of the apparatus. A plant growing method for growing a plant in a ship, wherein the plant growing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13 is installed in the ship, and a seed of the plant to be grown is inserted into a cultivation hole of a cultivation stand. The spongy porous carrier is inserted into the cut portion of the spongy porous carrier, the nutrient solution supply device is operated to supply the nutrient solution to the tray from the upstream side in the inclined direction of the cultivation table, and the sponge-like porous carrier is moistened. The nutrient solution is tilted over the partition plate having a low height extending in a direction perpendicular to the tilt direction while being held in a row by the partition plate having a high height extending in the tilt direction due to the tilt of the cultivation stand. In the ship, the temperature is 10 to 40 ° C, the humidity is 15 to 85%, and the artificial light source 70 to 70%. Environment with light intensity of 250 μmol / m ² / sec A plant growing method characterized by collectively performing plant seeding to planting by hydroponics under. The plant growing method according to claim 14, wherein the apparatus main body is installed via a vibration isolator that reduces vibration and impact. A stocking-like exchangeable filtration filter having pores and flexibility is inserted into the nutrient solution supply pipe, and the opening is fixed along the circumferential inner surface on the pipe inlet side. Item 15. A plant growing method according to Item 14.

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