ES2386579B1 - AUXILIARY DEVICE FOR THE CONDUCT OF FORGED FORMWORKS FROM THE LOWER PART OF THE SAME - Google Patents

Abstract

Auxiliary device for the realization of slab formwork from the lower part of it equipped with means for its vertical and horizontal displacement, comprising a metal structure (4), configured by a rectangular platform (5) of longitudinal (9) and transverse beams (9). 10) telescopic with plate (12) pavement, railing (13), door (17) and steps (18), and four vertical uprights (6) with bearings (7) for movement by guides (8) fixed on the struts ( 2). The vertical uprights (6) are telescopic with toothed rack mechanism (19) and outer crank (20) and the bearings (7) incorporate braking mechanism (23).

Description

AUXILIARY DEVICE FOR REALIZATION E WINDING FORMWORK FROM THE LOWER PART L OR

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention, as expressed in the statement of the present specification, refers to an auxiliary device for the realization of slab formwork from the lower part thereof.

More in particular, the object of the invention is centered on a device for the realization of formwork for floor slabs which presents the innovative feature that, once the vertical structure of metal struts and beacon beams is conventionally installed, it allows the planks that will form the formwork can be incorporated into said structure from the bottom of it, instead of from the top, with the primary purpose of reducing occupational hazards arising from work at height.

In order to carry out said formwork system, the development of an auxiliary device specially designed for this is contemplated and thanks to which many preventive measures of both collective and individual protection that are currently employed in the placement phase of said boards are replaced, achieving , in addition to greater safety and a significant reduction in costs in protective measures, a notable increase in work performance and a faster execution of the same thanks to the increase in safety and the improvement of postural ergonomics.

SCOPE

5 1st

The field of application of the present invention falls within the technical sector of the construction industry, particularly focused on the field of formwork for the formation of slabs in all types of buildings, and more specifically in those that comprise the installation of a vertical structure of metal struts and beamed beams on which overlapping planks that form the formwork drawer to be concreted are incorporated.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

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As is known, accidents caused by falls at different levels and in height continue to be one of the main causes of absenteeism, deaths and, in many cases, irreversible injuries.

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In the construction sector, a good number of tasks are carried out at more than two meters high, on apparently safe and stable surfaces, but where a small error or distraction can have fatal and very serious consequences.

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While it is true that in recent decades there has been a spectacular advance and development of techniques and systems for the prevention of risks arising from the performance of work at height, information and training in security matters remains one of the links fundamentals on which the accident prevention strategy should focus.

One of the aforementioned tasks that carry high occupational risk

5

is the realization of formwork for floors. Currently, for a reticular-type slab, supported on struts, sopandas and pads, using a modular plank formwork, it requires a series of collective and individual protection measures during the assembly phase of said planks, which, in summary form They can consist of:

As collective protection systems:

1 or 15

-Horizontal networks, whether single use or reusable; provision that is quite effective for the advancement of the formwork but not to solve the risk of falling in height on the sides or perimeter of the floor. The networks are placed from the lower floor where you work. The height limit in fall is 6 vertical meters and 3 horizontal. These types of networks do not prevent people from falling.

20 25

-Horizontal networks overlapping each other and supported on cantilever crossbars that are attached to a metal jaw type brackets, which in turn are anchored to the building structure. This mounting arrangement must be as close as possible to the level of the work surface and the crossbars must maintain a 10% slope with respect to the extension of the floor. However, this system is not applicable to protect the first floor, since it must be set for fixing the support.

-Horizontal networks fixed by means of a support mast that is anchored to an anchor point embedded in the floor.

from

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- Protection rails arranged in the perimeter of the formed and formed, generally, by an upper railing, an intermediate railing and a baseboard or plinth, in addition to an anchoring system to accommodate the feet of the rail.

And as individual protection systems:

5

- Hanger fall protection system, consisting of an inverted L-structure placed on the upper end of a concrete or metal pillar to which the harness worn by the operator is attached.

1st

- Anti-fall system with masts, consisting of a 1-shaped metal structure that, placed on top of a pillar, serves together with a steel cable, anchoring for the operator's harness.

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- Life line fall arrest system and fall arrest retractable block on pillars. In this case it is a system using horizontal and portable lifelines that, placed in the reinforcements of the top of a pillar, connect, together with a retractable fall arrest block, the operator's harness.

twenty

It is obvious, moreover, that the traditional system involves a series of drawbacks, among which it is worth highlighting:

-Suitable postures in the placement of the boards

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(back pain, mainly) due to the squatting position that the operator must adopt. -Risk of fall in height of the operators. -Risk of falling objects / tools under vacuum. -Risk of detachment of loads from cranes, in case the boards are raised by tower cranes. - Uncontrolled movements of planks suspended from the crane due to the wind. - Installation of double-leaf stairs, mobile scaffolding, lifting platforms, towers, etc., and which in turn must incorporate their own security measures.

-Use of safety harnesses and elements

Resistant anchoring to the structure to secure them.

It is therefore the objective of the present invention to develop a

5

new system for the placement of formwork boards by

a device in which the obvious risk of falling to more than 2 meters

can be reduced to a few centimeters, and in which said

Plank placement is done from the support plane or lower

working with respect to the surface that forms and then

1 o

concrete, replacing the current system in which operators

they are placing the planks from the top work plane,

obviously more than 2 meters high, and with the consequent risk

which means stepping on an irregular and discontinuous surface like

they can be the beams sopandas and portasopandas that conform the

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porches of the vertical structure on which the formwork is installed.

It should also be noted that on the part of the applicant

ignores the existence of any other similar device or invention

to carry it out that has some technical characteristics,

twenty

structural and constitutive similar to those presented here

recommended.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

25

Thus, the auxiliary device for the realization of

wrought formwork from the bottom of the same as the

invention proposes, are configured as a remarkable novelty within

of its field of application, since according to its implementation and

30

the objectives are satisfactorily achieved

previously indicated as suitable, state the details

characterizers that make it possible conveniently collected in

the final claims that accompany the present specification

descriptive

Specifically, what the invention proposes is a

5

auxiliary device for the realization of slab formwork,

particularly applicable to formwork formed from a

plurality of boards supported as a modular assembly on a

vertical structure of struts, sopandas and pads holder that

make up a plurality of porches, which presents the particularity

1 o

that, once said vertical structure is installed, it allows the

placement of said planks on said vertical structure from the

lower part of it, introducing them through the gaps of the

reticular surface that make up the mentioned sopandas and

cup holder, for which said device is equipped with means

fifteen

for its vertical and horizontal displacement and thus allow access to,

at least one operator, to the bottom of said reticular surface of

the aforementioned vertical structure, as well as to leave within reach a certain

number of boards as provision of collection to proceed to their

placement by said lower part.

twenty

For all this said auxiliary device is configured

as a mobile structure suitable for safely receiving

operator or operators as well as a certain number of boards, being

equipped with means that allow vertical displacement,

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ascending and descending, of the same to allow the mentioned access

from the operator to the top of the vertical structure, as well as from

means to allow its horizontal displacement that allow

longitudinally traverse the frames of the structure to perform the

formwork from its bottom in all its extension.

30

To achieve said horizontal displacement,

contemplates the incorporation, at the top of the struts of the

5

vertical structure, of a system of guides from which the device is hung by means of bearings provided in its upper part for this purpose. In addition, the auxiliary device has a braking mechanism that locks and unlocks at will preventing longitudinal displacement and thus facilitating the placement of the planks.

1st

On the other hand, it should be noted that the recommended device is designed to be able to adapt to different types of formwork systems with porch widths of its variable vertical structures, for which it has been designed so that its width can be varied by incorporating of telescopic joists.

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Likewise, it has also been designed telescopic on its vertical axis to adapt it to the variability of heights of the formwork plant, since especially the ground floors can be found at formwork heights of up to 6 meters. For this, the structure that makes up the auxiliary device has four telescopic uprights by means of a concentric tube and external crank-type system and toothed rack on the inside face of the uprights to allow the lifting and lowering thereof being operated by the operator himself working on it.

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Logically, the aforementioned structure will be made of the most suitable material and strength as well as a weight as small as possible so that it is comfortably liftable at most only by two operators so that they can easily place it on the guides of the struts.

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In addition, to facilitate the said operation of hanging the auxiliary device to the guides through which it travels longitudinally, the use of auxiliary rods of

lifting and lowering that, inserted in an articulated section of the guides, allows the lowering of said section by opening a gap in them to engage the structure's bearings in them and, once placed, re-raise said section by closing the guides, all at ground level, since these bars will have the appropriate length so that operators can easily grab them. Once the operation has been carried out, the bars are fixed by screwing to one of the struts of the vertical structure, waiting to be used again in the same way to lift the device.

Given the foregoing, it is found that the described auxiliary device for the realization of slab formwork from the bottom of the same represents an innovation of structural and constitutive characteristics unknown until now for this purpose, reasons that together with its practical utility, endow it of sufficient foundation to obtain the privilege of exclusivity that is requested.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is attached, as an integral part thereof, of a set of drawings, in which with character Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:

Figure 1 shows a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the auxiliary device for the realization of slab formwork from the bottom of the same object of the invention, its main parts and elements being appreciated therein.

Figures 2 and 3 show, respectively, a longitudinal and cross-section of the example of the auxiliary device, according to the invention, shown in the preceding figure, the safety side networks optionally provided in the longitudinal section view having been incorporated.

Figure number 4.- Shows a perspective view of the metal beam structure that forms the base of the auxiliary device.

Figure number 5. - It shows a detail of one of the longitudinal beams, showing the angled plates that it incorporates in its inner face as support for the transverse telescopic beams that form the platform of the structure of the device.

Figure number 6. ~ Shows a perspective detail of the rack and crank mechanism for lifting and lowering the platform.

Figures number 7-A, 7-B and 7-C. - They show, schematically, the three positions of the crank cams to keep it braked, rising and falling, respectively.

Figure 8 shows a detail of the bearings provided in the upper part of the uprights for the sliding of the structure by the guides fixed to the struts.

Figure number 9.- Shows a detail of the upper part of the auxiliary bars for the placement of the structure in the guides.

Figure number 10.- Shows a perspective view of the auxiliary device in which it has been represented at the time of being installed in the guides by two operators through the use of the auxiliary bars, showing in this view its general configuration and its arrangement in the structure of porches for the realization of the upper floor.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the numbering adopted therein, an example of embodiment of the auxiliary device (1) of the invention applicable for the realization of slab formwork, of those formed from a plurality of planks supported on a vertical structure of struts (2), sopandas and pan holders (3) that form a plurality of porches, by placing said planks on said vertical structure from the bottom thereof, which device (1 ) includes the parts and elements described in detail below.

Thus, as observed in said figures, the auxiliary device (1) in question comprises metal structure (4) (figure 4) which, as a basket and preferably made of aluminum, is configured from a horizontal platform (5 ) Rectangular and four vertical uprights (6) at the upper ends of which bearings (7) are provided that are capable of being moved by guides (8) which, composed of different sections, are fixed longitudinally at the top of the struts (2) ) of the vertical structure on both sides of each porch (figure 1 0).

The metal structure (4) is of variable width to be able to adapt to the width of the frames of the vertical structure, so

that its horizontal platform (5) is formed by two beams

longitudinal (9) and a plurality of transverse beams (1 O) that are

telescopic, which, as seen in figure 5, are coupled

supported at its ends on angled plates (11) that for such

5

They have been planned jointly and severally to the inside of the

cited longitudinal beams (9).

On said horizontal platform (5) it is incorporated, when

less, an iron (12) as a pavement of the structure (4) that

1st

covers the mentioned cross beams (1 0), having been foreseen

also a perimeter guardrail (13) of protection, formed by a

socket (14), an intermediate railing (15) and an upper railing

(16), contemplating in it the existence of a door (17) for

allow access to its interior, as well as steps (18).

fifteen

It should be mentioned that the dimensions of said

platform (5) will be adapted to the measurements of the porches of the

vertical structure in each case, being in any case suitable to give

In addition to at least one operator, it is possible to place a

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plurality of planks to realize the formwork, which are

they will have in areas (5a) provided on both sides of it

for this purpose (shown in figure 1).

Moreover, the auxiliary device (1) has also been

25

telescopic designed on its vertical axis to adapt it to the

variability of heights of the plant that forms in each case and for

allow the operator to climb to its structure (4) at a level close to the

ground and, once inside, rise to access the bottom of the

vertical structure of porches and proceed to the incorporation of

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planks from its bottom. To do this, the four uprights

Vertical (6) are telescopic by concentric tube, incorporating

each a toothed rack mechanism (19) with a crank

exterior (20), shown in detail in Figure 6, which is arranged on the inside of the uprights in two-to-two positions on each side of the structure for synchronized actuation of all of them, that is, to be able to be operated at the same time by the operator himself by means of two tubes (21) transversely coupled between them that the operator will rotate. Said toothed rack mechanism (19) has cams (22) which, depending on the position they adopt, allow their blocking, ascent and descent, as seen in Figures 7 -A, 7-B and 7 - C.

As mentioned above, the auxiliary device (1) has a horizontal movement through guides (8) by means of the bearings (7) provided at the upper ends of the vertical uprights (6). As can be seen in the detail of figure 8, said bearings (7) incorporate a braking mechanism (23) that locks them at will, also contemplating tension cables (24) that join said upper part of the vertical uprights

(6)

with the railing (13).

Continuing with the characteristics of the auxiliary device

(one)

It should be noted that, in order to facilitate the incorporation or hanging of the bearings (7) in the guides (8) through which it travels longitudinally, auxiliary bars (25) are provided that allow manual lifting and lowering of an articulated section (8a) of said guides. For this, these auxiliary bars (25), as seen in the detail of Figure 9, have a hollow head (26) in their upper part suitable for inserting the said articulated section (8a) of the guide into it, having been provided, in addition, a rear wedge (27) to guide the passage of the bearings (7) of the structure (4) of the device and act as a stop to prevent its exit.

In this way, the said auxiliary bars (25), as seen in Figure 1O, grabbed by their lower part by the operators, are inserted in the articulated section (8a) of the guides, and allow the lowering of said section opening a gap in them to couple the bearings (7) of the structure in them and, once placed, lift the section again by closing the guides.

Finally, it should be noted that, optionally, on the sides of the metal structure (4), coupled to the railing (13) by means of side profiles (28) provided for this purpose, networks (29) or similar protection elements are incorporated , shown in figure 2, in order to avoid the possible fall of tools, planks or other objects to the vacuum during the work.

Likewise, it should be noted that the set of elements that make up the described device, especially the nodes of the beams that make up the metal structure (4), are expected to be mountable and removable on site, to facilitate transport and storage

Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any person skilled in the art understands its scope and the advantages derived therefrom, stating that, within its essentiality, it may be carried out in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and to which it will also achieve the protection that is sought provided that it does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle .

Claims (6)

1.-AUXILIARY DEVICE FOR THE CONDUCT OF

FORGED FORMWORK FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE

5

SAME, particularly applicable to formwork

formed from planks supported on struts (2).

sopandas and portasopandas (3) that make up a plurality of

porches, and what. being of the type qlJ6 comprises a metal structure

(4) configured from a horizontal (5) rectangular platform of

10

variable dimensions and four vertical uprights (6) shaped

by telescopic concentric tubes, accommodating at least one

operator and B a plurality of planks in areas (5a) provided in the

same, which is gilded with bearings (7) as means of

longitudinal displacement by glues (8) that are fixed for this purpose

t5

in the upper part of the props (2) and means for its

vertical displacement. is characterized because the structure

metallic (4) is of variable af'IChura. being your horizontal platform

(5) formed by two tongitudinal beams (9) and a plurality of beams

transverse (10) telescopic; because the vertical uprights (6)

: ro

each one incorporates a toothed rack mechanism (19) with

the outer crank (20), which has some cams (22) to allow

its blockage, ascent and descent: polqUe cough bearings (7)

they incorporate a braking mechanism (23); and because, in order to facilitate

the hanging of the bearings (7) in the glues (8), some

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Ulliliary bars (25) with a head on top

hollow (26) suitable for inserting into it an articulated section (68) of the

glues (8) and move manually, having planned. also in

said head, a rear cuff (27) to guide the passage of the

rodamlOOtO $ (7) and act as a stop to prevent your departure.

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2.-AUXILIARY DEVICE FOR THE REALIZATION OF

WINDING FORMWORK FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE

SAME, according to the claim "put character: on the horizontal platform (5), at least one plate (12) covering the transverse beams (10) is incorporated, and because a perimeter railing (13) is provided ) of protection, formed by z6ca1o (14), intermediate railing (15) and upper railing (16), door (17) and steps (18). 3.-AUXILIARY DEVICE FOR. THE PERFORMANCE OF FORGED FORMWORK FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE SAME, according to claim 1, characterized in that two tubes (21) are contemplated for the synchronized actuation of the cranks (20) of the toothed rack mechanism (19) for which they are transversely coupled between the cranks (20) of the facing uprights two to two. 4.-AUXILIARY DEVICE FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF FORGED SHIELDS FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE SAME, according to claim 2, characterized in that on the sides of the metallic structure (4). coupled to the railing (13) by means of lay profiles (28) provided for this purpose, two networks (29) or similar protection elements are incorporated. 5.-AUXILIARY DEVICE FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF FORGED SHIELDS FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE SAME, according to claims t to 4. characterized in that the metal structure (4) and the rest of the elements that make up the whole device are removable ITlOfItable '1. 6.-AUXILIARY DEVICE FOR THE REALIZATION OF FORMWORK FORGED FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE SAME. according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, because the metal shape (4) '1 is the melee elements make up the whole device are made of aluminum.