ES2290236T3 - ELEVATOR BOX AND PROCEDURE TO Erect AN ELEVATOR BOX. - Google Patents

Abstract

The lift shaft is composed of two side walls (1, 2) acting as guide walls, and a third central wall (3) connected to the other two, forming a prefabricated concrete track element (10) of at least roughly C-shaped cross section. The third wall has a door aperture (13), and the side walls each have an integrated track (11, 12) for the lift cabin.

Description

Lift box and procedure to erect one elevator box

The present invention relates to a box of elevator according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a procedure to erect an elevator box according to the preamble of claim 13.

For the registered model memory DE 201 05 144 U1 a self-supporting cable lift is known in which the Guide of the cabins and the counterweights is arranged in the part front of the box door. To this end, a built-in front structure statically self-supporting, which extends from the floor of the box to the roof of the box and at at the same time it constitutes a dividing wall between the lobby and the box. The structure is a metal structure. The structure integrated front features at least two door modules box, which are arranged vertically between a module lower damping and a higher drive module. The integrated front structure comprises two hollow columns continuous, modular configuration and arranged in position vertical, which are called door columns because they define a intermediate space in which the box doors are located. For him inside these hollow door columns are guided the counterweights At the back of the door columns, to right and left, a rack with Guide rails for the cabin guide. This frame constitutes with the front part of the door a U-shaped structure. the back of each column, at right angles to the front of the door, another frame is welded with Rails for the cabin guide.

If there are different floor heights, the modules box door can comprise a box door unit standard and a specific adaptation unit for the elevator that, by means of pivots installed in the guide rail frame, are coupled by its vertical axis to reach the predefined height of the box module. For repair and maintenance work the drive module parts can be accessed from the lobby through a register. In a variant of the module drive, the drive pulleys are each provided with a own motor equipment. The hollow columns of the door unit of box can be composed of different materials, such as steel, Aluminum, concrete, plastic, and present different shapes.

Patent specification CH 525 833 is known also a concrete structure that serves as an elevator box with two guide walls, as well as a front wall and a rear wall. On the side walls some nerves have been made with several guide surfaces, which serve as a guide for the elevator car. These nerves are attached to the wall elements in a way homogeneous and continuous. Parallel to these nerves are similar guide elements arranged for, for reasons of security, provide additional guidance for counterweight guided by wires or cables Each of the side walls is provided of centering devices at two opposite ends, above and down.

For the document DE-A-2054936 is also known a elevator box formed by prefabricated walls.

The objective of the present invention is to create an improved elevator box of a similar genre.

This objective is advantageously achieved according to the invention by means of an elevator box according to claim 1 and A method according to claim 13.

The invention allows to reduce in a way significant expense of constructive type for such systems.

Of the other dependent claims, they give off other advantageous embodiments of the invention.

The invention is explained below. in detail by way of example based on drawings, which show:

Figures 1 and 2: schematic representations in perspective of two raceway elements according to a first embodiment of the invention, which are mounted one on other.

Figure 3: a perspective representation of a second embodiment of a raceway element of this type, also called the track and part module front door

Figure 4: a schematic representation in cross section of a raceway element of this kind.

Figure 5A: a schematic representation in perspective of a raceway element resting on a recessed trough on a building bottom plate.

Figure 5B: an enlarged view of a detail of figure 5A.

Figure 6: a perspective representation of a raceway element before it is lowered onto a recessed trough on the building bottom plate according to the invention.

Figure 7: some details of a trough of this type

Figure 8A: a schematic side view of a part of an upper module according to the invention.

Figure 8B: a schematic side view of the upper module according to the invention shown in Figure 8A.

Figure 9: a schematic representation in cross section of an upper module of this type.

Figure 10: a representation in section cross section of a coupling piece for track elements rolling according to the invention.

Figures 11 and 12: a representation in perspective of two overlapping raceway elements with, in each case, a coupling piece at its ends.

Figures 13 and 14: detailed views of the coupling elements before recessing.

Figure 15: a perspective representation of another raceway element, which presents means for Support a formwork.

Figure 16 and last: a representation schematic of another track element, which has means  to support a formwork.

Modular raceway elements 10 and 20 according to figures 1 and 2 basically have three walls 1, 2, 3 and a cross section or plan that, at least approximately, it has a C shape. These track elements of 10 and 20 C-shaped rolling are preferably constructed of such that they constitute raceway and part modules front door prefabricated, and comprise in each case two integrated cab or raceway guides 11, 12 (figure 1), or 21, 22 (Figure 2), and in each case a door opening 13 or 23. In the embodiment according to Figure 1, the corners 14, 15 are set at right angles, but can also be rounded or present other appropriate forms from a point of view Architectural and technical Nor do they need to be symmetric, as depicted in figures 1 and 2.

The surfaces 16, 17 of the inner part of the C-shaped raceway element can be parallel or, as shown in figure 1, form on the inside of the box an interior angle α, which is for example greater than 90 degrees, walls 1, 2 becoming thinner as increases distance to the wall 3. Modular track elements Rolling 10 and 20 are preferably concrete modules prefabricated (for example of concrete emptied), being able to raceway elements 10 and 20 be provided with channels 18 or other recesses for integrated wiring. Raceways 11, 12 (figure 1), or 21, 22 (figure 2), may be provided with a continuous gap 19, for example for a cable for the reciprocal bracing of several raceway elements 10, 20 overlays. By reciprocating bracing you can improve the stability of an elevator box composed of several modular track elements 10, 20.

Guides 33, 34 and 35, 36 integrated in the concrete for counterweights and guides 37, 38 integrated in the concrete for box doors These guides are preferably molded directly in the concrete, or for example embedded in the concrete in the form of metal guides.

Figure 4 shows a top view of the elevator box, which can be peripherally closed by an additional C-shaped structure or a module 39 and in which an elevator car 40 with doors 41, 42, 43, 44 is housed which constitute a door system with door leaves Sliding Module 39 is statically performed not bearing In elevator car 40 it is fixed, up and down, in each case a support 45 with rollers 93, 94, 95, 96 for the guide from the elevator car. Figure 3 also shows four box doors 46, 47, 48, 49, if necessary pre-assembled, which they can be housed in guides 37, 38. To save space laterally, the counterweight guides 33 to 36 can, as shown in figures 3 and 4, being arranged laterally, is say left and / or right, on sides 16, 17 (figure 1) of the C-shaped raceway element 30, which are like minimum approximately parallel or preferably form an angle interior α> 90º, and within the projection of the wall of box.

In another embodiment, module 39 may have a bearing function in the building, without enduring nonetheless the elevator box or its elements.

In figures 5A and 5B an element of raceway 70, which rests on a trench trough prefabricated 60.

This trough trench 60 is embedded in the building bottom plate and therefore will subsequently be virtually invisible from outside the elevator box. The artesa 60 serves as a formwork by emptying the bottom plate of building. Figures 5A, 5B and 7 show a possible form of realization of a pit trough 60, which constitutes a base module incorporated as a pit by a builder. The trough 60 preferably has a bottom 64. In the sense of the invention it can be understood by the term trough also if given a trough with a bottom that presents an opening or even a frame bottomless. The building bottom plate is manufactured on a background base (for example a work pit fund), being able to embed the trough 60. A first element can then be placed on top of prefabricated raceway 70, configured for example in C shape, delivered to the construction site, overlapping and mounting later, as the building grows, other elements of raceway 20 (figure 2). These jobs can be made, at least in part, by a builder. The elements of raceway stacked on each other and supported on the plate building bottom constitute a lift bearing structure that a higher module can support (see for example the Figures 8A and 8B) and stairwell recesses. From the static point of view, track elements are preferably sized so that they can absorb the vertical forces in the elevator box. These vertical forces they are especially the proper weight of the elevator box and the forces that occur during elevator operation.

Below is an example for the assembly of a trench trench 60. In a work pit is prepared a thin and horizontal layer of mortar, having to take into account the exact height Pit trough 60 is introduced and moves to the correct position in this mortar layer. Next, you can fill the pit trough 60 with water, so that it does not move empty the building bottom plate. Then poured concrete in the work pit around the trench trough, to Get the building bottom plate. Once the plate hardened at the bottom of the building the first track element of rolling 70, as schematically indicated in figures 6 and 7 by arrows At the support point of the first track element Rolling 70 over pit trough 60 a fine can be applied mortar layer The raceway element 70 is positioned by means of a centering and positioning bolt 71. The position exact in the horizontal plane is adjusted by rotating around of a vertical axis 72. With the adjusting screws 62 the rolling track element in the mortar layer. Pressing or by loosening the adjustment screws 62 the position can be adjusted of the raceway element. Keep in mind that the layer  mortar supports, at least in part, the weight of all raceway elements. The raceway element The following is preferably aligned by two centering bolts and positioning in relation to the raceway element located below after emptying the first concrete roof (roof from the 1st floor).

As already indicated, the trough 60 has as minimum one integrated centering and positioning bolt 71. Additionally, the trough has threaded holes 73 in the that fixing screws 74 can be screwed to fix the raceway element 70 to the trough 60. The trough 60 has preferably a peripheral sealing flange 63 to make it Airtight to groundwater. The trough 60 can also be provided with tabs 75 for anchoring in the bottom plate of building. However, it should not be supportive for the structure of the elevator; forces are preferably transmitted directly through the mortar layer to the building bottom plate.

The base module configured as artesa 60 It has a small weight and a small volume for transport and the assembly provides a drastic reduction of time and construction costs, no particular being necessary special lifting equipment for high loads. In addition, a module base of this type fulfills construction functions at the same time and elevator. In the usual elevator installations, the trough  the pit was to be emptied into concrete in the place it was going to occupy the elevator box to be erected, building step by step the corresponding wood formwork. This process required a lot Work and it was expensive. Using a trough 60 according to the invention, They suppress these steps. The trough 60 is preferably composed of a composite of carbon fibers. The trough 60 has for example a weight less than 100 kg.

According to figures 8A and 8B, the upper element of the elevator box, also called upper module 80, It has at least one drive 81, as well as several pulleys 91, 92, 97, 98 for the branches 82 of the cabin side and / or for the branches 83 on the counterweight side of the carrier cables and drive The upper module 80, of which indirectly the elevator car 40 hangs and at least one counterweight - here not shown- (see figure 8B), it can be a kind of cover 86 that is introduced from a flat roof 89 (roof of the building). This upper module 80 has a drive 81 and some Investment pulleys 91, 92, 97, 98, and have some seals 87 with the building and at least one ventilation slot 88. How to detached from figure 8B, the upper module 80 is supported preferably in an upper raceway element 100. The upper module 80 is preferably a prefabricated element of concrete.

This upper module 80 with built-in elevator and construction functions, which rests on the upper raceway element 100 and the front door part, can be provided with factory-mounted suspension and reversing pulleys (for example pulleys 91 , 92, 97, 98), of a drive unit 81 pre-assembled at the factory and / or of integrated construction or building intersections for sealing and insulating the upper roof 89 of the building. The upper module 80 can be used as an internal formwork for emptying the roof of the building
89.

An upper module 80 mounted as such in the upper part of the box and serving as a junction with the roof results economical in terms of transport and assembly, guarantees great work safety during the assembly of the elevator, Can be used as packaging for elevator components, for example the pulleys and the drive, and also makes the construction cost of the top of the box is small. In addition, the upper module 80 may be configured in such a way. that can be used as protection against agents Weather during an installation phase.

According to figure 9, in each case a pulley 91 or 92 for the two cables 83 (figure 8B) that support the counterweights 84 or 85 is arranged such that the projection of each cable pendant 83 passes, at least approximately, through the center of severity of the corresponding weight 84 or 85. It is planned a support 45 in which four are rotatably arranged rollers 93, 94, 95, 96, which move in solidarity with the cab of elevator 40. The four rollers 93, 94, 95, 96 are guided preferably by cabin guides 11, 12 (figure 1), or 21, 22 (figure 2), or 31, 33 (figure 3), configured in the shape of a trapezoid,  of the respective rolling track element.

The raceway elements 10 (figure 1), 20 (figure 2), 70 (figure 6) and 100 (figure 8B), configured preferably in the form of C, they can also be used to withstand stairwell recesses, even if suppressed the complementary module 39 (figure 4 or figure 9) for, for example, create a free back box wall area in regards to design and bearing forces as a free space for configuration for architects. In this case, the track elements of 10, 20, 70 and 100 C-shaped rolling may be configured so that they can be mounted or installed "inside" and "outside" on the facade of a building, or in a niche of facade.

Modular raceway elements 10, 20, 70 and 100 C-shaped according to the invention can be made for direct accommodation of functional elements (for example functional elements of the door mechanism). For this I don't know necessarily require metal racks or metal profiles special. The raceway elements 10, 20, 70 and 100 they can present songs, called plaster songs, to allow a Easier plastering of the outer walls of the box. Thanks to its modular configuration is not necessary a compensation of construction tolerances Modular track elements of rolling 10, 20, 70 and 100 may have recesses or means of special fixing for direct, frameless fixing of the door mechanism

The modular construction elevator box according to the invention it is especially advantageous because it is not an additional door frame is necessary for the support or support of doors, neither for the clean and exact closing, nor to fulfill the requirements related to fire protection. The different modules or elements have only a small weight and a small volume, which not only implies advantages in terms of transport and the assembly, but also allows in short the erection of the box of elevator by the construction company in charge even without the presence of elevator experts at the construction site, and without require for this a special lifting equipment in what is refers to loading and lifting, because the construction functions and of elevator are met with the same elements or modules, being able to even the indicator and control elements are preassembled.

As can be seen in Figures 4 and 9, the rollers 93, 94, 95 and 96, for example, are guided by the tracks of rolling 11 or 12 (figure 1) configured for example in the form of trapeze. The raceways 11 and 12 (figure 1) configured in Trapezoid shapes are preferably emptied into concrete. Dice that these raceways only serve to guide the cabin 40, do not present problems from the point of view of the static It is possible to provide walls 16 and 17 (figure 1) relatively thin, but in this case they should not be used for fixing or as supporting structures. In the conception of the box of elevator in its entirety and of the different track elements of rolling should also try to avoid acoustic bridges, in order to allow good sound insulation. The efforts horizontal on the raceways caused by the load eccentric elevator car 40 can reach values relatively high These horizontal efforts do not present problems - even with thin walls 16 and 17 (figure 1) - because They are absorbed on each floor by the roof of the same. The unions between the track elements and plant roofs they can be done well as rigid concrete / concrete joints or Well in the form of soundproofing elastic elements.

The guide of the counterweights, for example in form of lanes 33 and 35, it could also be arranged, as minimum in part, on the front wall of door 3.

The bracket 45 of the cabin 40 (figure 9) is guided directly, for example along the raceways of concrete 21, 22 (figure 2), by means of the four guide rollers higher than 93 to 95 and, for example, by means of another four lower rollers, not visible in the figures, corresponding to a lower support.

Of the trapezoid configuration of the raceways 21, 22 result in four elongated guide planes 24, 25 and 26, 27 in Figure 2, which extend vertically by The elevator box. Intermediate planes 28 and 29 do not serve to guide the elevator car 40, but, where appropriate, can be used for other functions. Thanks to the constructive way Trapecial chosen for the raceways 21, 22, the guide of the Cab 40 is very stable and can also be used for, by example, absorb vertical forces. The guiding geometry is very exact, since the joints and the separation between tracks are joined fit.

The ends of a raceway 21, 22 (Figures 11, 12) of a raceway element are preferably provided in each case with a coupling piece 101 according to figure 10, embedded directly in the concrete. The Figures 11 and 12 show coupling parts 110 and 120 in the ends of two adjacent raceway elements. These coupling parts 110 and 120 comprise a centering bolt 121 (figure 12) and a centering hole 111 (figure 11), by means of which automatically line up with respect to each other during assembly of the elevator box. In the example shown, the coupling parts 101 are provided with anchors threads 131, 132 and 133, 134 according to figures 13 and 14, for stay anchored in the concrete after recessing. The surfaces 112, 113, 114 and 122, 123, 124 have the same shape polygonal in cross section that, for example, the pathways of trapecial rolling 11 and 12 according to figure 1 or 21 and 22 according to the figure 2.

To manufacture the modular track elements of rolling 10, 20, 30 with integrated running tracks 21, 22, se preferably use a mold. Ideally, the pieces of coupling 110 and 120 are composed of metal, so They can also serve as protection for the songs.

The walls 24, 25 and 26, 27 (figure 2), arranged if necessary also asymmetrically, in the form of trapezoid in cross section, corresponding to the sides trapezoid obliques 102 and 103 in figure 10, cover for example a minimum angle of 60º and a maximum of 120º, but preferably a angle between approx. 80º and approx. 100º. Therefore, for the angle β of Figure 10 applies 60º> β> 30º or preferably 50º>?> 40º. Rolling surfaces 11, 12, 21, 22 should not have stretch marks, steps or other irregularities, in order to avoid shocks or vibrations that, of otherwise, they could be transmitted to cabin 40 through the rollers 93, 94, 95, 96.

The coupling parts 101 (figure 10), 110, 120 (figures 11, 12) are introduced into the mold before emptying the track elements. This results in transitions. ideal flat between the guide raceways emptied in concrete and coupling parts. Since the pieces of overlapping coupling of the raceway elements adjacent ones are centered with great precision with respect to on the other, in the mounted position, raceways result perfectly aligned and free of steps.

Coupling parts 101 feature preferably in each case at least a recess 104 and / or a drill (threaded) 105, 106, which are used to fix two overlapping raceway elements, for example with flanges of Union. In addition, some drills (threaded) may be provided. 107, 108 with which a torsion or displacement of the coupling parts introduced in the mold when emptying the raceway elements.

The raceway elements 10, 20, 30, 70 and 100 are preferably provided with a continuous gap 19 and the coupling parts 101 are preferably provided with openings 109, to be able to pass for example at least one cable to through such gaps 19 and openings 109.

The raceway elements 10, 20, 30, 70 and 100 are preferably provided with raceways 11, 12 or 21, 22 or 31, 32 that have a minimum cross section approximately trapecial, the coupling parts 101 being able be configured in the form of a board with the same section trapecial transverse The oblique sides of the trapeze of the tracks rolling elements can also serve as guides for rollers 93, 94, 95, 96 that are in a bracket 45 fixed to the cab of elevator 40. However, rollers 93, 94, 95, 96 also they may be attached to the elevator car 40 otherwise.

In relation to figures 15 and 16 are described two other embodiments of the invention. In figure 15 it shows a modular raceway element 140 which, in the part lower, it presents a kind of peripheral molding 141. In this molding 141 can be supported for example a formwork 142 for the emptying a plant ceiling, as shown in part in the figure 15. Another variant is shown in the sectional drawing of Figure 16. The raceway element 150 has a cavity 151 that it can serve as a means for housing a formwork 152, as the one outlined in the left part of the figure. Eventually, the means 141 and 151 can also support the plant ceiling directly.

Therefore, according to a first embodiment of the invention, the elevator box may be configured with modular prefabricated raceways (for example with the raceway elements 10, 20) presenting a at least approximately C-shaped cross section.

According to a second embodiment of the invention, an elevator box, preferably of modular construction, may comprise raceways 11, 12 or 21, 22 or 31, 32 that have a cross section at least approximately trapecial, serving the oblique sides of the trapezoid of the pathways of rolling as a guide for rollers 93, 94, 95, 96 arranged in at least one support 45 fixed to the elevator car 40.

According to a third embodiment, a box of Modular construction elevator can be configured with, as minimum, two prefabricated raceway modular elements (for example with the raceway elements 10, 20) that they comprise raceways 11, 12, 21, 22 for the cockpit elevator 40, such that, at least at the upper end of a lower raceway of a raceway element, a coupling piece 120 is fixedly arranged (figure 12) and at least at the lower end of a raceway upper of a subsequent raceway element, is fixed another coupling piece 110 (figure 11), both pieces of coupling 110, 120 configured for at least one area provided for the guide of the elevator car 40, form a aligned transition between these two raceways.

According to a fourth embodiment, the box of elevator can rest, at least partially, on a plate concrete building bottom in which a trough is embedded 60 serving as a formwork for emptying the bottom plate of building.

According to a fifth embodiment of the invention, the top of an elevator box can be configured as a prefabricated concrete top 80 module.

In all these embodiments have been presented examples of elevators in which steel cables that pass by pulleys they support the cabin 40 and the counterweight. Without However, in these embodiments they can be used without further also hydraulic drives. Instead of wires too Straps can be used for example.

The embodiments according to the invention of a box Elevators of this type are particularly economical for factory production as for transport and assembly. They guarantee a high work safety during the assembly of the lift and, if necessary, allow the use of a module top as "packing" of elevator components, by example of the units with pulleys and drive.

Claims (13)

1. Modular construction elevator box, comprising at least one modular prefabricated raceway element (10; 20; 30; 70; 100) which is formed by the two side walls (1, 2) and a third wall ( 3) arranged between the latter, so that the raceway element (10; 20; 30; 70; 100) has a cross section at least approximately C-shaped and the two side walls (1, 2) comprise each one one - way integrated rolling (11, 12; 21, 22) for guiding the elevator car (40), characterized in that the track (10; 20; 30; 70; 100) is configured in a piece and because the third wall (3) is provided with a door opening (13, 23). 2. Lift box according to claim 1, characterized in that the modular raceway element (10; 20; 30) is prefabricated in a piece as a concrete structure and has cabin guides (31, 32) integrated in the structure of concrete and / or guides (33, 34; 35, 36) for counterweights integrated in the concrete structure and / or guides (37, 38) for box doors integrated in the concrete structure in the opening area Door (13; 23). 3. Lift box according to claim 2, characterized in that both the integrated cabin guides (31, 32) and the guides (33, 34; 35, 36) for the counterweights are located on interior surfaces (16, 17) of the two side walls (1, 2) of the modular raceway element (10; 20; 30). 4. Lift box according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that interior surfaces (16, 17) of the side walls (1, 2) of the modular raceway element (10; 20; 30) form, at least in the area in which the guides (33, 34; 35, 36) for the weights of the elevator car (40) are located, an interior angle (?) greater than 90 degrees and, consequently, the thickness of the Side walls (1, 2) decreases as the distance to the third wall (3) increases. 5. An elevator box according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the modular raceway element (10; 20; 30) is provided with channels (18), preferably for integrated wiring, which extend parallel to the cabin guides. 6. Elevator box according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the elevator box comprises several modular raceway elements (10; 20; 30) superimposed, the modular raceway elements (10; 20; 30) provided with a continuous recess (19), preferably for a cable for the prestressed connection of the modular raceway elements (10; 20; 30). 7. An elevator housing according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the modular raceway element (10; 20; 30) is provided with raceways (11, 12; 21, 22) having a cross section at least approximately trapecial, and because the raceways (11, 12; 21, 22) have oblique trapezoid sides (24, 25, 26, 27) that serve as guides for rollers (93, 94, 95, 96) that are attached to the elevator car
(40). 8. An elevator box according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, from a static point of view, the modular raceway element (10; 20; 30; 70; 100) is sized to serve bearing structure to absorb vertical forces of the elevator box, in particular the weight of the elevator box itself and the forces that occur during the operation of the elevator. 9. An elevator housing according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the modular raceway element (10; 20; 30; 70; 100) is sized so that it can support a stairwell landing and / or a top module (80). 10. An elevator box according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a module (39) is installed in front of the third central wall (3) to close the elevator box, the module (39) being preferably made as a non-element bearing of the elevator box. 11. An elevator box according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the modular raceway element (10; 20; 30) is factory configured with integrated box doors (46, 47, 48, 49). 12. Lift box according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one of the modular raceway elements (140; 150) has means (141; 151) suitable for supporting a formwork (142, 152) for the emptying of a plant roof. 13. Procedure for erecting an elevator box according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized - because on a building bottom plate manufactured on the site of a building to be erected, it is placed a first modular prefabricated raceway element (10),

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- because the line is aligned horizontally and vertically Modular raceway element (10) prefabricated, and - because then at least another position is positioned modular track element (20) on the first element Modular raceway (10) prefabricated, mounting the box elevator as the building grows.