ES2275389A1 - Improvements introduced in the purpose of the application of spanish patent n. 200400682 for "construction system from prefabricated panels and used prefabricated panel". (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Improvements introduced in the object of the Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for "construction system from precast panels and precast panel used". The system is based on the use of simplified sandwich modules (4) formed by a single panel (3) for the constitution of partition walls, false ceilings and cladding of facades without the need for masonry work. The modules are assembled together by gluing and without using reinforcing structures or frames, each consisting of a core (1) of expanded polystyrene or polyurethane and at least on one of its outer faces a resistant layer (2) of resin. The possibility that the core (1) has a tongue and groove configuration facilitates the assembly of the module with another module of the same structure arranged superiorly, inferiorly or laterally. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Improvements introduced in the object of the Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for: "System of construction from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used".

Object of the invention

The present invention relates to a system for the construction of partition walls and ceilings that do not withstand large weights as well as facade cladding, without need to perform masonry work, starting with some modules of reduced weight and great manageability that are assembled by gluing in the work itself and presenting some sufficient strength characteristics to not require auxiliary reinforcement or support structures.

A module is also object of the invention. Simplified sandwich formed by a single panel that is composed by a core or core of expanded polystyrene or polyurethane over which is applied a resin that constitutes the outer layer resistant of the same, acting also as face view since It has a similar appearance to that obtained by a monolayer traditional and can also be painted or receive all kinds of finishes outside

The construction elements obtained with the modules object of the invention maintain all the characteristics of expanded polystyrene or polyurethane for insulation thermal and have improved characteristics in terms of sound insulation and fire resistance.

The modules have a reduced cost and their assembly is done quickly and easily by simple assembly and gluing some modules with others, so that the assembly Complete can be done by non-specialized personnel, considerably reducing the final costs of building.

Background of the invention

Nowadays it is widely extended the use of expanded polystyrene panels that are fixed or attached on the resistant wall or wall in order to constitute a thermal insulator However, due to the great fragility of these panels, cannot be used directly as elements of partition walls

Sometimes it is possible to use panels expanded polystyrene mounted or supported on structures, generally metallic, which confer the required resistance to Wall. This is the case, for example, of the United States patent. US 5 765 330 which refers to a prefabricated wall panel that It comprises a wooden frame or frame composed of stringers and vertical uprights between which some cavities are defined Rectangles that are filled with polyurethane, applied throughout its back surface expanded polystyrene sheets that fixed to the frame by means of strips of wood and nails.

Similarly, in EP 0 612 894, it presents a panel destined to constitute separation partitions and It is composed of expanded polystyrene plates throughout the panel height, plates that are topped bottom and top by profiles or supporting elements, also incorporating a series of longitudinal profiles between the plates of polystyrene.

EP 0 006 756 refers to a construction panel structure that incorporates plates rigid polystyrene with a continuous lateral projection that fits in rigid tubular profiles in which also fits the adjacent plate, constituting next to a superior profile and below a panel frame used to build buildings at low cost and easily and quickly.

In the cases described the panel resistance It is usually determined by the metal structure, becoming therefore always necessary to incorporate an element of reinforcement.

PCT application WO 98/44213 describes a self-supporting roof panel made of insulating material that incorporates metal reinforcement profiles embedded in the panel which are the ones that provide the required rigidity to the panel but which, in any case, are insufficient to allow construction of partitions or walls with these panels.

United States Patent US 4,019,297 describes a construction panel intended to be part of the structure of a building, said panel being constituted by a structure comprising a frame composed of crossbars horizontal and vertical, joined by nails, among which polystyrene strips are arranged, reinforcing the panel in its entire surface using a metal or plastic mesh and a cement backing that reinforces the whole.

All these panels have the drawback that their resistance is located in the areas where the reinforcement structure is arranged, so that The central areas of the panels have very little resistance. In addition, once the partition is constituted, a exterior cladding, on site, which will determine the finish and aspect of the septum.

Facing the partitions that constitute the state of the current technique, Spanish Patent Application No. 200400682 by "Construction system from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used ", of which this constitutes a Certificate of Addition, proposes the use of some modules sandwich to constitute partitions, walls or complete ceilings without need to use structures or reinforcement frames. Each of these sandwich modules consists of three arranged panels in such a way that the central panel is out of phase with respect to the outer panels on two of their adjacent side faces and protrudes from these on their opposite side faces to facilitate its assembly by tongue and groove with another module of the same structuring arranged superiorly, inferiorly or laterally, of this way the installation of the modules is greatly facilitated constitutive of various construction elements.

Since each module constituent panel It is composed of an expanded polystyrene core or polyurethane, the elements thus obtained maintain the characteristics of these materials in terms of insulation thermal, acoustic and fire resistance. Being this core coated by a resin that constitutes the resistant outer layer of the panel is not necessary, although possible if desired, apply a coating that will determine the appearance and finish of the partition, wall or ceiling so constituted.

Although the construction system and the sandwich module described in Spanish patent application no. 200400682 overcomes all the disadvantages of the systems of construction known today, it is considered necessary develop a simplified structure module and therefore much more economical that can be used in much of the constitutive elements of a house, especially those that do not withstand large weights, such as the partition walls of the interior of the house or the roofs of it.

It is also desirable to develop a module to the renovation and isolation of the facades of the buildings that sanitize the existing facade without having to chop or remove the parts deteriorated, providing good thermal insulation and a guarantee against moisture.

Description of the invention

The system of this Certificate of Addition It is based on the use of simplified sandwich modules that are constituted by a single panel and that allow to constitute economically interior partition walls of the buildings, roofs and in general any constructive element That does not support large weights.

These simplified sandwich modules are equally suitable for cladding facades since, given its constitution, suppose an excellent thermal insulator and also prevent the humidity of the environment from deteriorating the facade.

The simplified sandwich modules are constituted by a single prefabricated panel such as described in Spanish Patent Application No. 200400682, of the which the present application constitutes a Certificate of Addition. As the name implies, these simplified sandwich modules they consist of a simplification of the constitution of the modules sandwich described in said patent application. That is, each panel is formed by a core or core of expanded polystyrene or polyurethane on which a resin is applied which constitutes a resistant layer The resin is applied on one or both sides of the core, incorporating the corresponding catalyst and loads which can be silica sand, corundum, crushed glass, carbide of silicon, foundry slag, fiberglass or others that allow to reduce the amount of resin to apply, cheaper costs In addition, the use of sands allows to achieve a Panel finish similar to that of a facade obtained by monolayer. The sand also provides an important fire resistance to panel and good sound insulation properties.

The simplified sandwich modules like this constituted they have all the properties to be considered suitable as facade cladding, to which they are fixed by Tacos and washers. For this specific application can be installed modules in which one or both sides are coated with resin, the latter constitution being appropriate in the event that want to add mortar to level the facade before the townhouse of the panel.

In the case of sandwich modules simplified will be used to constitute partitions divisions, ceilings or even facade cladding, is desirable that they present a tongue and groove similar to that constitution of sandwich modules of patent application no. 200400682, from the union of three panels, gives rise. In this case, since each module is formed by a single panel, the tongue and groove is included directly in the polystyrene core expanded or polyurethane on which the resin layer The module thus configured is obtained at the factory ready for transport to the work where, by simple assembly by tongue and groove and glued with the resin itself, it will be coupled with other modules, greatly simplifying the assembly tasks of the partition or ceiling that, therefore, can be performed by non-personnel specialized.

This mounting system completely eliminates the need to perform masonry work on site, reducing considerably the final construction costs.

Simplified sandwich modules are obtained in a simple way, since the constitutive layer of the nucleus is cut according to the required measures and the resin layers are applied, in one or both sides of the core, thus adapting the module to the specific measures of the partition or ceiling. In any case they have provided standard measures for the assembly of most of the partition, roof or facade cladding, thus reducing manufacturing costs of the modules.

Simplified sandwich modules have a reduced weight and are easily manageable, so they can be assembled by a single person without it being accurate any specialization to perform this work and allowing the complete assembly of the interior part of a construction or of the cladding of a facade in a very short time since just simply assemble and glue the different modules, pre-cut to the necessary factory measurements, arranging them according to the corresponding plan of mounting.

Since one of the main applications of these simplified sandwich modules is to constitute partition walls, for which it is normally necessary to introduce electrical, telephone or plumbing conduits, it has planned the possibility that the modules themselves incorporate pipes or housings, on its back face or on the panel intermediate, for the passage of said pipes, facilitating even more the assembly of them. These pipes also result useful in case the modules are assembled to constitute a false ceiling.

In this last application of the modules, such as constitutive part of false ceilings, the assembly is done by simple glued by the bottom of the metal joists that they support the vaults that constitute the roof or deck of the building, eliminating the cumbersome traditional systems of clamping of the sheets that conventionally constitute the suspended ceilings The resistance that the resin layer brings to the module allows them to be hung from it, lamps or others elements whose weight is not excessive.

The modules can present any finish of construction by applying paint, projection of elements or application of any type of coating that want, for example natural stone, face view, granite, marble, etc., realizing these finishes in the work once constituted the partition wall, false ceiling or facade cladding, by applying the coating material directly on the resistant resin layer.

The modules can also present finishes imitation, simulating stone, brick, etc., performing these finished in the modules in the factory, drawing on the core prior to the application of the resin.

Due to the insulating characteristics of the polystyrene or polyurethane constituting the core of the modules, these have an excellent thermal insulation, as well as improved fire resistance characteristics based on the characteristics of the resin applied and good insulation acoustic provided by the loads used.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to an example preferred practical implementation of it, is accompanied as integral part of said description a set of drawings where for illustrative and non-limiting purposes the next:

Figure 1.- Shows a sectional view of a Simplified sandwich module consisting of a core and layer resistant on both sides.

Figure 2.- Shows a sectional view of a simplified sandwich module on which it has been applied in one of Its resistant faces a lining material.

Figure 3.- Shows a perspective view of the assembly of simplified sandwich modules incorporating one of them an imitation finish, in which the core presents a tongue and groove configuration.

Figure 4.- Shows a perspective view of a simplified sandwich module in which the arrangement is observed of electrical equipment on its front face and the incorporation in its rear face of pipes for the passage of conductions

Figure 5.- Shows a representation in which the simplified sandwich modules constituting a False ceiling.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

The simplified sandwich modules (4) object of the Certificate of Addition, starting from a basic unit constituted by a single panel (3) allow to build partitions partitions, false ceilings and unused facade cladding no frame, reinforcement or support, also mounting quickly and easily and eliminating masonry work usually required to build this type of elements.

Figure 1 shows a section of a module simplified sandwich (4) which, as can be seen, is formed by a single panel (3), being therefore each module constituted by a core (1) of expanded polystyrene or polyurethane and at less on one of its outer faces a resistant layer (2) of resin that gives the panel (3) mechanical properties necessary for its use as a constituent element of a interior partition wall of buildings, a false ceiling or a facade cladding without using structures or complementary reinforcement frames, while presenting thermal insulation characteristics provided by the core (one).

The resin is preferably applied in combination with a catalyst and optionally loads are added, as per example silica sand, corundum, crushed glass, carbide silicon, cast iron slag, fiberglass and carbon fiber. The resistant layer (2), composed of the resin and its corresponding loads will have a thickness between 1 and 10 mm and preferably between 1 and 4 mm.

The use of sand as a load provides also good fire resistance characteristics and acoustic insulation, as well as a finish similar to that of a facade obtained by monolayer, so it can be used directly as an exterior or interior view of a partition wall or ceiling. Further, on the resistant layer itself (2) material of Traditional coating (5) as layers of paint or projection of coating powders, as shown in the figure 2.

The simplified sandwich modules (4) are factory cut to the necessary measures so that once on site it is enough to assemble them by simple assembly and gluing through the resin itself, a task that can be developed by a single operator quickly and easily without additionally requiring any concrete specialization for assembly. The floor fixing is It also performs by simple gluing, through the resin itself. Obviously, the modules will be manufactured in standard sizes that they are appropriate to constitute most of the false ceilings, partition walls or facade cladding, performing special modules for auctions, corners or elements special. In any case and from the architect's design, the different modules are easily manufactured in the factory necessary that will later be assembled on site, simply by following the instructions in the corresponding plan of mounting.

In a preferred embodiment, shown in the Figure 3, the core (1) of expanded polystyrene or polyurethane features a tongue and groove configuration that facilitates assembly of the simplified sandwich module (4) with another module of the same structuring arranged upper, lower or laterally. In this Figure has shown a mounting by assembly and casting of modules, the modules of each row of the partition being arranged at Tresbolillo with respect to those of the immediately superior row, getting so that the partition has greater resistance. In this In addition, one of the modules incorporates an imitation finish (6) which is carried out in the factory directly on the core (1) before the application of the resistant layer (2) of resin, being able to simulate stone, brick or similar finishes.

Simplified sandwich modules (4) can incorporate electrical sconces, plumbing pipes, of heating, electrical, etc. provided that your weight is not high. For this, modules are manufactured that incorporate housings or pipes (7) that allow the passage of the pipes (8) that are provided in each specific case, thus eliminating the need for make the typical rubs on the partitions. Such a module It is represented in Figure 4.

As shown in Figure 5 the modules Simplified sandwich (4) can be applied for the constitution of suspended ceilings For this they are glued by the bottom of the metal joists (9) that support the vaults (10) that they constitute the roof or roof of the building and are thus eliminated the cumbersome traditional plate clamping systems in False ceiling.

In the case of sandwich panels Simplified (4) apply as facade cladding will suffice  simply by attaching them to the facade by means of tacos and some washers In this application modules whose core can be used (1) is coated on only one side or on both sides, this second possibility being the most appropriate since will allow to add mortar to level the facade before module townhouse. This way the facade can be cleaned up existing without having to chop or remove damaged parts, also providing good thermal insulation and a guarantee against the humidity that in his absence would affect the facade.

Claims (12)

1. Improvements introduced in the object of Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for "Construction system from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used" characterized in that simplified sandwich modules are used for the constitution of partition walls, ceilings and facade cladding (4) formed by a panel (3), which are assembled together by gluing and without using reinforcing structures or frames, each simplified sandwich module (4) consisting of a core (1) of expanded polystyrene or polyurethane and at least on one of its outer faces a resistant layer (2). 2. Improvements introduced in the object of Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for "Construction system from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used" according to claim 1, characterized in that the resistant layer (2) is a resin layer. 3. Improvements introduced in the object of Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for "Construction system from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used" according to previous claim characterized in that the core (1) has a tongue and groove configuration that facilitates the assembly of the module Simplified sandwich (4) with another module (4) of the same structure arranged upper, lower or laterally. 4. Improvements introduced in the object of Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for "Construction system from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used" according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the resistant layer (2) of resin incorporates selected loads between silica sand, corundum, crushed glass, silicon carbide, smelting slag, glass fibers and carbon fiber. 5. Improvements introduced in the object of Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for "Construction system from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used" according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the simplified sandwich module (4) incorporates housings or pipes (7) for the passage of pipes (8) of installations such as electrical, plumbing or other. 6. Improvements introduced in the object of Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for "Construction system from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used" according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the simplified sandwich module (4) is fixed, by gluing , in the lower part of the metal joists (9) that support the vaults (10) that constitute the roof or roof of the building, forming the corresponding false ceiling. 7. Improvements introduced in the object of Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for "Construction system from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used" according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that a resistant resin layer (2) is applied to Coating material (5), such as paint layers, projection of powdered materials, natural stone finishes, exposed face, granite or marble. 8. Improvements introduced in the object of Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for "Construction system from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used" according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the simplified sandwich modules (4) incorporate an imitation finish (6) which is carried out directly on the core (1) of expanded polystyrene or polyurethane before the application of the resistant layer (2) of resin, being able to simulate stone, brick or similar finishes. 9. Improvements introduced in the object of Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for "Construction system from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used" according to any of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8, characterized in that for the renovation and insulation of facades mortar is added to the façade prior to the fixing of the panel (3), which has a resistant layer (2) of resin on each of its faces, being fixed to the façade by means of plugs and washers . 10. Improvements introduced in the object of Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for "Construction system from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used" according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the resistant layer (2) of resin and its corresponding loads They have a thickness between 1 and 10 mm. 11. Improvements introduced in the object of Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for "Construction system from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used" according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the resistant layer (2) of resin and its corresponding loads They have a thickness between 1 and 4 mm. 12. Improvements introduced in the object of Spanish patent application No. 200400682 for "Construction system from prefabricated panels and prefabricated panel used" according to claim 1, characterized in that the resistant layer (2) is a cementitious product layer.