ES2236245T3 - Composiciones de prostaglandina para el tratamiento de la disfuncion erectil masculina. - Google Patents
Composiciones de prostaglandina para el tratamiento de la disfuncion erectil masculina.Info
- Publication number
- ES2236245T3 ES2236245T3 ES01942300T ES01942300T ES2236245T3 ES 2236245 T3 ES2236245 T3 ES 2236245T3 ES 01942300 T ES01942300 T ES 01942300T ES 01942300 T ES01942300 T ES 01942300T ES 2236245 T3 ES2236245 T3 ES 2236245T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- group
- prostaglandin
- percent
- use according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 212
- 201000001881 impotence Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 208000010228 Erectile Dysfunction Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- GMVPRGQOIOIIMI-DWKJAMRDSA-N prostaglandin E1 Chemical compound CCCCC[C@H](O)\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCCCCC(O)=O GMVPRGQOIOIIMI-DWKJAMRDSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- GMVPRGQOIOIIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (8R,11R,12R,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxo-13-prostenoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)C=CC1C(O)CC(=O)C1CCCCCCC(O)=O GMVPRGQOIOIIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 229960000711 alprostadil Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- XEYBRNLFEZDVAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N prostaglandin E2 Natural products CCCCCC(O)C=CC1C(O)CC(=O)C1CC=CCCCC(O)=O XEYBRNLFEZDVAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- -1 aliphatic ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003961 penetration enhancing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002634 lipophilic molecules Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000003180 prostaglandins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- MMXKVMNBHPAILY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl laurate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC MMXKVMNBHPAILY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001856 erectile effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O1 OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000926 Galactomannan Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- HSMMSDWNEJLVRY-INIZCTEOSA-N dodecyl (2s)-2-(dimethylamino)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)[C@H](C)N(C)C HSMMSDWNEJLVRY-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- NCXUNZWLEYGQAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CN(C)C NCXUNZWLEYGQAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RPTUSVTUFVMDQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hidralazin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(NN)=NN=CC2=C1 RPTUSVTUFVMDQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N prazosin Chemical compound N=1C(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=1N(CC1)CCN1C(=O)C1=CC=CO1 IENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001289 prazosin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000008886 Ceratonia siliqua Species 0.000 claims description 5
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005908 glyceryl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003976 glyceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(O[H])([H])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013912 Ceratonia siliqua Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- RXBQNMWIQKOSCS-RKDXNWHRSA-N Darwinol Chemical compound C1[C@H]2C(C)(C)[C@@H]1CC=C2CO RXBQNMWIQKOSCS-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RXBQNMWIQKOSCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myrthenol Natural products C1C2C(C)(C)C1CC=C2CO RXBQNMWIQKOSCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001631 carbomer Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002550 vasoactive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000263 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-GDCKJWNLSA-N 3-oleoyl-sn-glycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-GDCKJWNLSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AMEMLELAMQEAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(tert-butyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one Chemical compound N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1C=C(C(C)(C)C)S2 AMEMLELAMQEAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- QZVCTJOXCFMACW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenoxybenzamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(CCCl)C(C)COC1=CC=CC=C1 QZVCTJOXCFMACW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002474 hydralazine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940033357 isopropyl laurate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoelaidin Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003418 phenoxybenzamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- MRBDMNSDAVCSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phentolamine Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1)CC1=NCCN1 MRBDMNSDAVCSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001999 phentolamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003445 sucroses Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Isoprenaline Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YHEIHLVIKSTGJE-YXJHDRRASA-N (6ar,9s,10ar)-9-(diethylsulfamoylamino)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4h-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@@H](CN(C)[C@@H]2C2)NS(=O)(=O)N(CC)CC)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 YHEIHLVIKSTGJE-YXJHDRRASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VUEGYUOUAAVYAS-JGGQBBKZSA-N (6ar,9s,10ar)-9-(dimethylsulfamoylamino)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4h-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@@H](CN(C)[C@@H]2C2)NS(=O)(=O)N(C)C)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 VUEGYUOUAAVYAS-JGGQBBKZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIIQCSMRQKCOCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetamido-3-methyl-3-nitrososulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)NC(C(O)=O)C(C)(C)SN=O ZIIQCSMRQKCOCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JXZZEXZZKAWDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-(4-Benzamidopiperid-1-yl)ethyl)indole Chemical compound C1CN(CCC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=2)CCC1NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JXZZEXZZKAWDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SBHNNNRQZGYOAU-YVEFUNNKSA-N 3-[(6ar,9s)-5-bromo-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydro-4h-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-yl]-1,1-diethylurea Chemical compound C1=CC(C=2[C@H](N(C)C[C@H](C=2)NC(=O)N(CC)CC)C2)=C3C2=C(Br)NC3=C1 SBHNNNRQZGYOAU-YVEFUNNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LVMVXZOPCAMYHC-QOAXCGLXSA-N 3-[(6ar,9s,10ar)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4h-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-yl]-2-cyanopropanamide Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@@H](CC(C#N)C(N)=O)CN([C@@H]2C2)C)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 LVMVXZOPCAMYHC-QOAXCGLXSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FCRJELOYDVBTGW-ILZDJORESA-N 3-[(6ar,9s,10ar)-7-propyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4h-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-yl]-1,1-diethylurea Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@@H](CN([C@@H]2C2)CCC)NC(=O)N(CC)CC)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 FCRJELOYDVBTGW-ILZDJORESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BMUKKTUHUDJSNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(1-phenoxypropan-2-ylamino)propyl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(O)C(C)NC(C)COC1=CC=CC=C1 BMUKKTUHUDJSNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JLVHTNZNKOSCNB-YSVLISHTSA-N Mesulergine Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@@H](CN(C)[C@@H]2C2)NS(=O)(=O)N(C)C)=C3C2=CN(C)C3=C1 JLVHTNZNKOSCNB-YSVLISHTSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZFMITUMMTDLWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Minoxidil Chemical compound NC1=[N+]([O-])C(N)=CC(N2CCCCC2)=N1 ZFMITUMMTDLWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FFDGPVCHZBVARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylglycine Chemical compound CN(C)CC(O)=O FFDGPVCHZBVARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YSEXMKHXIOCEJA-FVFQAYNVSA-N Nicergoline Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@]2([C@H](N(C)C1)CC=1C3=C2C=CC=C3N(C)C=1)OC)OC(=O)C1=CN=CC(Br)=C1 YSEXMKHXIOCEJA-FVFQAYNVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DRHKJLXJIQTDTD-OAHLLOKOSA-N Tamsulosine Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCCN[C@H](C)CC1=CC=C(OC)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 DRHKJLXJIQTDTD-OAHLLOKOSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-CCZXDCJGSA-N Yohimbine Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CCN3C[C@@H]4CC[C@@H](O)[C@H]([C@H]4C[C@H]33)C(=O)OC)=C3NC2=C1 BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-CCZXDCJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004607 alfuzosin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- WNMJYKCGWZFFKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alfuzosin Chemical compound N=1C(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=1N(C)CCCNC(=O)C1CCCO1 WNMJYKCGWZFFKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N batilol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(O)CO OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-Yohimbin Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CCN3CC4CCC(O)C(C4CC33)C(=O)OC)=C3NC2=C1 BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorpromazine Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001076 chlorpromazine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004042 diazoxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IZEKFCXSFNUWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyridamole Chemical compound C=12N=C(N(CCO)CCO)N=C(N3CCCCC3)C2=NC(N(CCO)CCO)=NC=1N1CCCCC1 IZEKFCXSFNUWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002768 dipyridamole Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950001276 disulergine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001389 doxazosin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- RUZYUOTYCVRMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N doxazosin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2OC1C(=O)N(CC1)CCN1C1=NC(N)=C(C=C(C(OC)=C2)OC)C2=N1 RUZYUOTYCVRMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YREISLCRUMOYAY-IIPCNOPRSA-N ergometrine maleate Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O.C1=CC(C=2[C@H](N(C)C[C@@H](C=2)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)C)C2)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 YREISLCRUMOYAY-IIPCNOPRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- XCGSFFUVFURLIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ergotaminine Natural products C1=C(C=2C=CC=C3NC=C(C=23)C2)C2N(C)CC1C(=O)NC(C(N12)=O)(C)OC1(O)C1CCCN1C(=O)C2CC1=CC=CC=C1 XCGSFFUVFURLIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005450 eritrityl tetranitrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- SNFOERUNNSHUGP-ZXZARUISSA-N erythrityl tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OC[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNFOERUNNSHUGP-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- MOYKHGMNXAOIAT-JGWLITMVSA-N isosorbide dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[C@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@H](O[N+](=O)[O-])CO[C@@H]21 MOYKHGMNXAOIAT-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
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- PHLBKPHSAVXXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trazodone Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(N2CCN(CCCN3C(N4C=CC=CC4=N3)=O)CC2)=C1 PHLBKPHSAVXXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- ODLHGICHYURWBS-LKONHMLTSA-N trappsol cyclo Chemical compound CC(O)COC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)COCC(O)C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1COCC(C)O ODLHGICHYURWBS-LKONHMLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMNIZOOYFMNEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium;phosphate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RMNIZOOYFMNEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960000744 vinpocetine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/557—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/557—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins
- A61K31/5575—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins having a cyclopentane, e.g. prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2-alpha
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
- A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0034—Urogenital system, e.g. vagina, uterus, cervix, penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder; Personal lubricants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/10—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for impotence
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
- Reproductive Health (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US480738 | 1983-03-31 | ||
| US09/480,738 US6323241B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2000-01-10 | Prostaglandin compositions and methods of treatment for male erectile dysfunction |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2236245T3 true ES2236245T3 (es) | 2005-07-16 |
Family
ID=23909154
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES01942300T Expired - Lifetime ES2236245T3 (es) | 2000-01-10 | 2001-01-10 | Composiciones de prostaglandina para el tratamiento de la disfuncion erectil masculina. |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6323241B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1255552B1 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP2003519657A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100614361B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1394140A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE290383T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU760576C (enExample) |
| BE (1) | BE2014C001I2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR0107478A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2395217C (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE60109274T2 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2236245T3 (enExample) |
| HK (1) | HK1047700B (enExample) |
| HU (1) | HUP0204159A3 (enExample) |
| IL (2) | IL150306A0 (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02006758A (enExample) |
| PT (1) | PT1255552E (enExample) |
| TR (1) | TR200201769T2 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2001051053A1 (enExample) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200205433B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GR1002847B (el) | 1997-05-06 | 1998-01-27 | Χρηση της μισοπροστολης ή/και της μισοπροστολης οξυ για την παρασκευη φαρμακευτικου προιοντος για τη θεραπευτικη αντιμετωπιση των δυσλειτουργιων της στυσεως | |
| US6414028B1 (en) * | 1997-11-05 | 2002-07-02 | Nexmed Holdings, Inc. | Topical compositions containing prostaglandin E1 |
| US6825234B2 (en) * | 1998-12-10 | 2004-11-30 | Nexmed (Holdings) , Inc. | Compositions and methods for amelioration of human female sexual dysfunction |
| EA008720B1 (ru) * | 1998-12-10 | 2007-06-29 | Нексмед (Холдингс), Инк. | Применение композиции на основе простагландина для лечения расстройства сексуального возбуждения у женщин |
| US20050004226A1 (en) * | 1998-12-10 | 2005-01-06 | Nexmed (Holdings), Inc. | Compositions and methods for amelioration of human female sexual dysfunction |
| US20040110843A1 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2004-06-10 | Nexmed (Holdings), Inc. | Methods of treatment of male erectile dysfunction |
| US7105571B2 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2006-09-12 | Nexmed Holdings, Inc. | Prostaglandin compositions and methods of treatment for male erectile dysfunction |
| US6693135B2 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2004-02-17 | Nexmed (Holdings) Incorporated | Prostaglandin compositions and methods of treatment for male erectile dysfunction |
| US6503894B1 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2003-01-07 | Unimed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical composition and method for treating hypogonadism |
| US20090035221A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2009-02-05 | Ramsey Sallis | Methods and Compositions for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction |
| ATE406900T1 (de) | 2002-01-25 | 2008-09-15 | Modular Properties Ltd | Verfahren und zusammensetzungen zur behandlung der männlichen erektionsstörung |
| US20090257956A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2009-10-15 | Ramsey Sallis | Treatment Method for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation |
| AU2003211077A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-09-09 | Nexmed (Holdings), Inc. | Prostaglandin composition for the treatment of erectile dysfuntion |
| CN1674912A (zh) * | 2002-09-06 | 2005-09-28 | 奈克斯麦德控股有限公司 | 治疗男性勃起障碍的方法 |
| GB0222522D0 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2002-11-06 | Controlled Therapeutics Sct | Water-swellable polymers |
| US6841574B2 (en) * | 2003-01-03 | 2005-01-11 | Nexmed Holdings, Inc. | Topical stabilized prostaglandin E compound dosage forms |
| EP1605913A2 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2005-12-21 | Nexmed (Holdings), Inc. | Angiogenesis promotion by prostaglandin compositions and methods |
| AU2004224413A1 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2004-10-07 | Nexmed (Holdings), Inc. | Prostaglandin compositions for the treatment of erectile dysfunction |
| AU2004224329B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2009-07-09 | Nexmed (Holdings), Inc. | Compositions and methods for treatment of premature ejaculation |
| EP1608378A1 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2005-12-28 | Nexmed (Holdings), Inc. | Prostaglandin compositions and their use for the treatment of vasospasm |
| US20050159985A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-07-21 | Bertram Carl T. | System and method of stratifying intervention groups and comparison groups based on disease severity index scores and ranges |
| GB0417401D0 (en) | 2004-08-05 | 2004-09-08 | Controlled Therapeutics Sct | Stabilised prostaglandin composition |
| US7655659B2 (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2010-02-02 | Applied Genetics Incorporated Dermatics | Biomimetic of Evodia rutaecarpa fruit extract for amelioration of inflammation |
| GB0613333D0 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2006-08-16 | Controlled Therapeutics Sct | Hydrophilic polyurethane compositions |
| GB0613638D0 (en) | 2006-07-08 | 2006-08-16 | Controlled Therapeutics Sct | Polyurethane elastomers |
| GB0620685D0 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2006-11-29 | Controlled Therapeutics Sct | Bioresorbable polymers |
| US9005183B2 (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2015-04-14 | Health Knight, Llc | System and method for treating erectile dysfunction |
| NZ609826A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2016-03-31 | Nexmed Holdings Inc | Active enantiomer of dodecyl 2-(n,n-dimethylamino)-propionate |
| BR112013025744A2 (pt) | 2011-04-07 | 2016-08-16 | Nexmed Holdings Inc | composicões para tratamento da doença de raynaud |
| US10226418B2 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2019-03-12 | Susie Q, Ltd. | Arginine-containing topical composition |
| CN107405346A (zh) | 2015-01-20 | 2017-11-28 | Xoc制药股份有限公司 | 异麦角灵化合物及其用途 |
| BR112017015487A2 (pt) | 2015-01-20 | 2018-01-30 | Xoc Pharmaceuticals Inc | Composto; composição; método de tratamento e/ou prevenção de enxaqueca, als, doença de alzheimer, doença de parkinson, distúrbios extrapirimidais, depressão, náusea, êmese, síndrome das pernas inquietas, insônia, agressão, doença de huntington, doença cardiopulmonar, fibrogênese, hipertensão arterial pulmonar, ansiedade, dependências a drogas, distonia, parassonia ou hiperlactinemia em um indivíduo; métodos de agonização dos receptores d2, 5-ht1d, 5-ht1a e 5-ht2c, em um indivíduo; método de antagonização do receptor d3 em um indivíduo; métodos de agonização seletiva dos receptores 5 -ht1d, e 5-ht2c, método de fornecimento de atividade de antagonista funcional no receptor 5 -ht2b ou no receptor 5-ht7, ou em ambos, em um indivíduo; método de fornecimento de atividade de antagonista funcional nos receptores adrenérgicos em um indivíduo |
| EP3266458A1 (en) | 2016-07-05 | 2018-01-10 | Fagron B.V. | Method and composition and kit for treating erectile dysfunction |
| CA3064274A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2018-12-06 | Xoc Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Ergoline derivatives for use in medicine |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2818855A (en) | 1954-02-11 | 1958-01-07 | Anthony P Miller | Surgical device |
| BE790840A (fr) | 1971-11-01 | 1973-04-30 | Upjohn Co | Solutions de medicaments instables et leur preparation |
| US4127118B1 (en) | 1977-03-16 | 1995-12-19 | Alvaro Latorre | Method of effecting and enhancing an erection |
| US4254145A (en) | 1978-08-16 | 1981-03-03 | American Cyanamid Company | Topical application of prostaglandin hypotensive agents |
| US4311707A (en) | 1979-02-12 | 1982-01-19 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for topically producing cutaneous vasodilation for the treatment of vasospastic or ischemic conditions |
| US4801587A (en) | 1987-03-02 | 1989-01-31 | Gene Voss | Impotence ointment |
| US5256652A (en) | 1987-11-12 | 1993-10-26 | Pharmedic Co. | Topical compositions and methods for treatment of male impotence |
| US4980378A (en) | 1988-06-01 | 1990-12-25 | Odontex, Inc. | Biodegradable absorption enhancers |
| SE463851B (sv) | 1988-09-02 | 1991-02-04 | Amsu Ltd | Komposition foer behandling av erektil dysfunktion via uretra |
| US5242391A (en) | 1990-04-25 | 1993-09-07 | Alza Corporation | Urethral insert for treatment of erectile dysfunction |
| EP0526566B1 (en) | 1990-04-25 | 1998-11-25 | Vivus, Inc. | Treatment of erectile dysfunction |
| US5380760A (en) | 1993-11-19 | 1995-01-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Transdermal prostaglandin composition |
| TR199700930T2 (xx) | 1995-03-14 | 1998-07-21 | Vivus Incorporated | Ereksiyon bozuklu�unu �nlemek i�in y�ntem ve kit. |
| KR20010021625A (ko) * | 1997-07-09 | 2001-03-15 | 추후보정 | 개선된 남성발기 기능장애 치료방법 및 그 조성물 |
| AU734734B2 (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 2001-06-21 | Vivus, Inc. | Local administration of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction |
| US6046244A (en) * | 1997-11-05 | 2000-04-04 | Nexmed Holdings, Inc. | Topical compositions for prostaglandin E1 delivery |
| US5942545A (en) | 1998-06-15 | 1999-08-24 | Macrochem Corporation | Composition and method for treating penile erectile dysfunction |
| US6486207B2 (en) | 1998-12-10 | 2002-11-26 | Nexmed (Holdings), Inc. | Compositions and methods for amelioration of human female sexual dysfunction |
| US6102849A (en) | 1999-04-03 | 2000-08-15 | Hakac; John R. | Non-surgical penile prosthesis |
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2000
- 2000-01-10 US US09/480,738 patent/US6323241B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-01-10 IL IL15030601A patent/IL150306A0/xx active IP Right Grant
- 2001-01-10 BR BR0107478-4A patent/BR0107478A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-01-10 ES ES01942300T patent/ES2236245T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-10 TR TR2002/01769T patent/TR200201769T2/xx unknown
- 2001-01-10 JP JP2001551477A patent/JP2003519657A/ja active Pending
- 2001-01-10 CN CN01803447A patent/CN1394140A/zh active Pending
- 2001-01-10 HU HU0204159A patent/HUP0204159A3/hu active IP Right Revival
- 2001-01-10 DE DE60109274T patent/DE60109274T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-10 KR KR1020027008845A patent/KR100614361B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-10 WO PCT/US2001/000852 patent/WO2001051053A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-01-10 PT PT01942300T patent/PT1255552E/pt unknown
- 2001-01-10 MX MXPA02006758A patent/MXPA02006758A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-01-10 EP EP01942300A patent/EP1255552B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-10 AU AU29349/01A patent/AU760576C/en not_active Expired
- 2001-01-10 AT AT01942300T patent/ATE290383T1/de active
- 2001-01-10 HK HK02109079.3A patent/HK1047700B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-10 CA CA002395217A patent/CA2395217C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-06-18 IL IL150306A patent/IL150306A/en unknown
- 2002-07-08 ZA ZA200205433A patent/ZA200205433B/xx unknown
-
2007
- 2007-07-18 JP JP2007186380A patent/JP2007302690A/ja active Pending
-
2014
- 2014-01-06 BE BE2014C001C patent/BE2014C001I2/fr unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR0107478A (pt) | 2002-09-03 |
| WO2001051053A1 (en) | 2001-07-19 |
| EP1255552A1 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
| IL150306A (en) | 2007-06-03 |
| ATE290383T1 (de) | 2005-03-15 |
| PT1255552E (pt) | 2005-06-30 |
| MXPA02006758A (es) | 2008-09-12 |
| JP2007302690A (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
| CN1394140A (zh) | 2003-01-29 |
| CA2395217A1 (en) | 2001-07-19 |
| TR200201769T2 (tr) | 2002-11-21 |
| AU2934901A (en) | 2001-07-24 |
| AU760576B2 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
| BE2014C001I2 (enExample) | 2020-01-30 |
| DE60109274T2 (de) | 2006-02-09 |
| KR100614361B1 (ko) | 2006-08-18 |
| CA2395217C (en) | 2004-10-26 |
| HUP0204159A2 (hu) | 2003-04-28 |
| JP2003519657A (ja) | 2003-06-24 |
| HUP0204159A3 (en) | 2005-03-29 |
| DE60109274D1 (de) | 2005-04-14 |
| HK1047700A1 (en) | 2003-03-07 |
| KR20020073498A (ko) | 2002-09-26 |
| EP1255552B1 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
| US6323241B1 (en) | 2001-11-27 |
| HK1047700B (en) | 2005-05-27 |
| ZA200205433B (en) | 2003-11-26 |
| IL150306A0 (en) | 2002-12-01 |
| AU760576C (en) | 2004-04-08 |
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