ES2224703T3 - Cavidad cotiloide artificial. - Google Patents

Cavidad cotiloide artificial.

Info

Publication number
ES2224703T3
ES2224703T3 ES99950424T ES99950424T ES2224703T3 ES 2224703 T3 ES2224703 T3 ES 2224703T3 ES 99950424 T ES99950424 T ES 99950424T ES 99950424 T ES99950424 T ES 99950424T ES 2224703 T3 ES2224703 T3 ES 2224703T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
shell
inner shell
hip joint
prismatic
joint according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES99950424T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Koch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biomet Merck GmbH
Original Assignee
Biomet Merck GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Biomet Merck GmbH filed Critical Biomet Merck GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2224703T3 publication Critical patent/ES2224703T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2002/30364Rotation about the common longitudinal axis
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    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30378Spherically-shaped protrusion and recess
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    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30476Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
    • A61F2002/305Snap connection
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    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00023Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00029Cobalt-based alloys, e.g. Co-Cr alloys or Vitallium
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00179Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
    • A61F2310/00185Ceramics or ceramic-like structures based on metal oxides
    • A61F2310/00203Ceramics or ceramic-like structures based on metal oxides containing alumina or aluminium oxide

Abstract

Cavidad articular artificial de la cadera que comprende A) una carcasa exterior (1) con un eje central (7) destinada a anclarse en el hueso de la cadera, la cual puede conectarse, de manera móvil, mediante conjugación de forma, a una carcasa intermedia (1a) de materia plástica con cara interior (2) en forma de esfera hueca; B) una carcasa interior (3) resistente al desgaste con una cara exterior esférica (4) y un eje central (8), la cual está destinada a recibir una esfera articular de una varilla femoral; C) la cara exterior (4) de la carcasa interior (3) pudiendo colocarse de manera no móvil, mediante conjugación de forma, contra la cara interior (2) de la carcasa intermedia (1a), de manera que coincidan los dos ejes centrales (7, 8) y D) en las carcasas interior e intermedia (3, 1a) estando previstos medios que se acoplan entre sí, que impiden que las carcasas interior e intermedia (3, 1a) dispuestas una contra la otra, giren a través de sus ejes centrales (7, 8) y basculen una con respecto a la otra.

Description

Cavidad cotiloide artificial.
La invención se refiere a una cavidad articular artificial de la cadera según el preámbulo de la reivindicación 1.
Dichas cavidades articulares de la cadera son especialmente adecuadas para implantarse sin cemento en el acetábulo.
Gracias al estado actual de la técnica, se conoce una tal cavidad articular de la cadera en la cual la carcasa interior resistente al desgaste presenta un elemento saliente cilíndrico que tiene, encima, una arista longitudinal y la carcasa intermedia de polietileno una zona rebajada cilíndrica correspondiente que tiene, además, en su fondo, un agujero alargado. El elemento saliente cilíndrico y la zona rebajada correspondiente sirven para guiado de las dos carcasas y la arista longitudinal que penetra en el agujero alargado sirve de medio antirrotación entre las dos carcasas. Este sistema premontado puede, en el momento de la operación, conectarse de manera móvil a una carcasa metálica exterior. Esta operación se realiza por intermedio de un dispositivo de enclavamiento deformable de polietileno. La carcasa exterior de titanio o de aleación de titanio está unida al hueso sin necesidad de aportar cemento.
El inconveniente de esta cavidad articular conocida de la cadera reside en la importante altura de la carcasa interior resistente al desgaste, lo que se debe a la superposición del medio de guiado y del medio antirrotación. Otro inconveniente reside en el hecho de que la arista longitudinal de la carcasa interior trae consigo, por su propia geometría, solicitaciones extremas a nivel del agujero alargado de la carcasa intermedia. Esto impide también la utilización de materiales cerámicos que reaccionan desfavorablemente a tales solicitaciones.
Gracias al documento US-A-3 818 512 SHERSHER, se conoce una prótesis de la cadera que presenta, entre la cabeza esférica de la varilla y la cavidad artificial de la cadera, una pieza intermedia separada, de manera que el cotilo esté formado por dos partes.
Gracias a FR-A-2 700 686 VOYDEVILLE, se conoce también una carcasa de la cadera en tres partes, en la cual, sin embargo, la carcasa exterior y la carcasa intermedio no tienen medio antirrotación. Este documento representa el estado más avanzado de la técnica.
El objeto de la invención es resolver este problema. El problema que constituye la base de la invención es crear una cavidad articular artificial de la cadera que, para un espacio de ocupación en altura mínimo, asegure una distribución óptima de las fuerzas de apoyo.
Con miras a resolver este problema, el dispositivo citado al principio fue mejorado por las características de la parte de la reivindicación independiente 1.
La ventaja así obtenida reside en el hecho de que los medios de forma prismática situados en las carcasas interior e intermedia tienen la función no solamente de guiar estos últimos sino de asegurar, al mismo tiempo, una protección antirrotación y antibasculante, lo que permite, en total, reducir el espacio ocupado en altura. El hecho de reducir el espacio ocupado en altura permite, por una parte, utilizar cavidades en conjunto más pequeñas, cuya carcasa intermedia posee una pared de espesor más delgado y, por otra parte, es posible obtener, en el caso de cavidades incluso muy pequeñas, una adecuación entre el punto de introducción del radio de la superficie de deslizamiento y el de la geometría exterior. Esto corresponde, en el plano cinemático, a una reconstrucción óptima de la articulación de la cadera.
Con respecto al estado de la técnica, las fuerzas de basculamiento y de rotación están mejor reparti-
das - y de manera más uniforme en cada dirección - entre la carcasa interior y la carcasa intermedia, o dicho de otro modo, los pares que se ejercen por la esfera articular sobre la carcasa interior son transmitidos de manera óptima al hueso de la cadera (a través de la carcasa intermedia y la carcasa exterior).
En una forma de realización preferida, el elemento saliente de la carcasa interior y las zonas rebajadas correspondientes en la carcasa intermedia representan esencialmente un prisma regular de cuatro lados. Esto permite obtener una distribución óptima de las fuerzas de apoyo. La longitud de los lados regulares del prisma cuadrilátero puede estar comprendida entre 10 y 18 mm, preferentemente entre 13 y 15 mm.
De manera ventajosa, las aristas longitudinales prismáticas del elemento saliente están redondeadas o cortadas, estando las aristas longitudinales, de manera característica, cortadas a una longitud de 0,8 mm a 1,5 mm. Las facetas obtenidas por redondeo o biselado representan economías suplementarias de espesor a nivel de la pared de la carcasa intermedia, lo que permite montar el sistema incluso en carcasas exteriores y por lo tanto, en acetábulos, de pequeñas dimensiones.
La altura del elemento saliente prismático y la de la zona rebajada prismática deberían estar comprendidas entre 2 y 6 mm y, preferiblemente, entre 3,5 y 4,5 mm.
La altura total de la carcasa interior, incluyendo el elemento saliente, debería constituir como máximo un 65%, preferiblemente como máximo 60% del diámetro máximo de la carcasa interior (3). La carcasa interior resistente al desgaste está realizada, en una realización preferible, en una aleación de CoCr o en cerámica (por ejemplo, en Al_{2}O_{3}).
La invención y mejoras de la invención serán explicadas a continuación con más detalle con ayuda de la representación, en parte esquemática, de un ejemplo de realización.
En los dibujos:
la figura 1 muestra una vista en perspectiva de la carcasa interior de la cavidad articular de la cadera según la invención;
la figura 2 muestra una vista lateral de la carcasa interior según la figura 1;
la figura 3 muestra una vista en planta de la carcasa interior según la figura 1 y
la figura 4 muestra un corte transversal a través de la carcasa exterior y la carcasa intermedia de la cavidad articular de la cadera según la invención.
La cavidad articular de la cadera, representada en las figuras 1 a 4 comprende, por una parte, una carcasa exterior 1 de titanio con un eje central 7, destinada a anclarse en el hueso de la cadera, la cual puede conectarse de manera móvil, mediante conjugación de forma, a una carcasa intermedia 1a de materia plástica provista de una cara interior 2 en forma esférica hueca; por otra parte, una carcasa interior 3 resistente al desgaste, en cerámica de óxido de aluminio, destinada a recibir una esfera articular de una esfera articular de una varilla femoral y que comprende una cara exterior esférica 4 y un eje central 8.
La cara exterior 4 de la carcasa interior 3 puede colocarse de manera no móvil, mediante conjugación de forma, contra la cara interior 2 de la carcasa intermedia 1a, de modo que coincidan los dos ejes centrales.
En las carcasas interior 3 e intermedia 1a están previstos medios que se acoplan entre sí, los cuales impiden a las carcasas interior e intermedia, dispuestas una contra la otra, girar alrededor de sus ejes centrales 7, 8 y bascular una con respecto a la otra. Estos medios antirrotación y antibasculamiento están compuestos, por una parte, por un elemento saliente prismático 5 dispuesto en el vértice 9 de la carcasa interior 3, sobre la cara exterior 4 de esta última y, por otra parte, por una zona rebajada prismática 6 dispuesta en el vértice 10 de la carcasa interior 1a, en la cara interior 2 de esta última. El elemento saliente 5 y la zona rebajada hueca 6 están dispuestos de manera esencialmente adecuada y simétrica a los ejes centrales 7, 8 y constituyen un prisma regular de cuatro lados. La longitud de los lados regulares del prisma cuadrilátero es de 14 mm; sin embargo, están cortados a una longitud de 1,2 mm, de manera que den lugar a la formación de cuatro facetas 11 (figura 1).
La altura del elemento saliente prismático 5 y de la zona rebajada prismática 6 es de 4 mm. La altura total de la carcasa interior 3, incluyendo el elemento saliente 5, constituye un 55% del diámetro máximo de la carcasa interior 3.
A continuación se describen las diferentes etapas de la implantación de la cavidad articular artificial de la cadera según la invención:
1. Ensanchamiento (esférico o cónico) del acetábulo por medio de una fresa.
2. Colocación de la carcasa exterior 1 de titanio que puede anclarse sin cemento en el acetábulo según la etapa 1 (de forma esférica mediante un ajuste a presión o de forma cónica por medio de una llave de apriete roscada).
3. Llegado el caso, inserción de tornillo de osteosíntesis a través de los agujeros apropiados existentes en la carcasa modular exterior 1 de titanio.
4.1 Introducción, con golpes de martillo, del denominado "inlay-sandwich" en la carcasa exterior 1, estando el "inlay-sandwich" constituido por la carcasa intermedia 1a de materia plástica y la carcasa interior 3 resistente al desgaste.
4.2 Realización del enlace entre la carcasa intermedia 1a de materia plástica y la carcasa exterior 1 por medio de un mecanismo de enclavamiento clásico de polietileno no representado en el dibujo.
4.3 El anclaje de la carcasa interior 3, resistente al desgaste, con la carcasa intermedia 1a de materia plástica se realiza por medio del elemento salientes prismático 5 según la invención, de la zona rebajada prismática 6 correspondiente y de un dispositivo de cierre de enclavamiento clásico o de un contra-cono.
5. Reposicionamiento de la articulación de la cadera mediante enclavamiento de la esfera articular dentro de la cavidad artificial de la cadera.

Claims (10)

1. Cavidad articular artificial de la cadera que comprende
A) una carcasa exterior (1) con un eje central (7) destinada a anclarse en el hueso de la cadera, la cual puede conectarse, de manera móvil, mediante conjugación de forma, a una carcasa intermedia (1a) de materia plástica con cara interior (2) en forma de esfera hueca;
B) una carcasa interior (3) resistente al desgaste con una cara exterior esférica (4) y un eje central (8), la cual está destinada a recibir una esfera articular de una varilla femoral;
C) la cara exterior (4) de la carcasa interior (3) pudiendo colocarse de manera no móvil, mediante conjugación de forma, contra la cara interior (2) de la carcasa intermedia (1a), de manera que coincidan los dos ejes centrales (7, 8) y
D) en las carcasas interior e intermedia (3, 1a) estando previstos medios que se acoplan entre sí, que impiden que las carcasas interior e intermedia (3, 1a) dispuestas una contra la otra, giren a través de sus ejes centrales (7, 8) y basculen una con respecto a la otra,
caracterizada porque
los medios antirrotación y los medios antibasculamiento están compuestos por una parte, por
E) un elemento saliente prismático (5) dispuesto en el vértice (9) de la carcasa interior (3), sobre la cara exterior (4) de esta última y, por otra parte,
F) una zona rebajada prismática (6) dispuesta en el vértice (10) de la carcasa intermedia (1a) sobre la cara interior (2) de esta última,
G) Elemento saliente (5) y la zona rebajada hueca (6) estando configuradas de manera esencialmente coincidente.
H) El elemento saliente (5) y la zona rebajada (6) estando dispuestos esencialmente de manera simétrica con los ejes centrales (7, 8).
I) La altura del elemento saliente prismático (5) y de la zona rebajada prismática (6), estando comprendida entre 2 y 6 mm y
K) Constituyendo la altura total de la carcasa interior (3), el elemento saliente (5) incluido, como máximo un 65% del diámetro máximo de la carcasa interior (3).
2. Cavidad articular de la cadera según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el elemento saliente (5) y la zona rebajada hueca (6) constituyen esencialmente un prisma regular de cuatro lados.
3. Cavidad articular de la cadera según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque la longitud de los lados regulares del prisma cuadrilátero está comprendida entre 10 y 18 mm, preferiblemente entre 13 y 15 mm.
4. Cavidad articular de la cadera según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizada porque al menos las aristas longitudinales prismáticas (11) del elemento saliente (5) están redondeadas o cortadas.
5. Cavidad articular de la cadera según la reivindicación 4, caracterizada porque las aristas longitudinales están cortadas a una longitud comprendida entre 0,8 mm y 1,5 mm.
6. Cavidad articular de la cadera según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, caracterizada porque la altura del elemento saliente prismático (5) y de la zona rebajada prismática (6) está comprendida entre 3,5 y 4,5 mm.
7. Cavidad articular de la cadera según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, caracterizada porque la altura total de la carcasa interior (3), el elemento saliente (5) incluido, constituye un 60% del diámetro máximo de la carcasa interior (3).
8. Cavidad articular de la cadera según la reivindicación 7, caracterizada porque la altura total de la carcasa interior (3), el elemento saliente (5), incluido, constituye como máximo un 55% del diámetro máximo de la carcasa interior (3).
9. Cavidad articular de la cadera según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, caracterizada porque la carcasa interior 3 resistente al desgaste está realizada en aleación de CoCr o en cerámica.
10. Cavidad articular de la cadera según la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque la carcasa interior (3) resistente al desgaste está realizada en Al_{2}O_{3}.
ES99950424T 1999-11-03 1999-11-03 Cavidad cotiloide artificial. Expired - Lifetime ES2224703T3 (es)

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WO2001032108A1 (de) 2001-05-10
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ATE274878T1 (de) 2004-09-15
DE59910410D1 (de) 2004-10-07
US6379389B1 (en) 2002-04-30

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