ES2219161B1 - SYSTEM FOR BIOLOGICAL DEPURATION OF EXCRETS OF ANIMALS IN STABULATION AND OBTAINING OF HUMUS. - Google Patents

Abstract

System for the biological purification of excreta of animals in housing and obtaining humus, of the type that are used to separate the solids of purines and purification of water, in livestock facilities, farms and in any installation for the treatment of slurries, characterized by a decanter, which distributes the water extracted from the slurries to rafts or ponds specially prepared, for the purification of the water, using phyto-corrective measures through aquatic plants. On the other hand, the solids are subjected to a composting process and subsequently by Californian red worm (eisenia foetida), converted into humus. The invention presented provides the main advantages of using locally collected water and its treatment "in situ", directly reusing the product obtained; on the other, the treatment of solids, converted into humus, all obtained through a biotechnological system, economical and easy to apply, adaptable to any type of exploitation.

Description

System for biological clearance of excreta of animals in housing and obtaining humus.

The present specification refers, as its title indicates, to a system for the biological purification of excreta from animals in housing and obtaining humus of the type used to separate solids from slurry and water purification, in livestock facilities, farms and in any installation for the treatment of slurry characterized by the use of a decanter that separates the water from the slurry solids, distributing it to rafts or ponds, purifying them in a regeneration process by aquatic macrophytes, being able to directly reuse the product obtained for cleaning on the farm itself and agricultural irrigation; On the other hand, treating the solid matter, turning it into compost and later into humus using Californian red earthworm ( Eisenia foetida ).

They are now widely known multiple and varied types of facilities that separate water from slurry solids, which generally consist of various chain deposits, through which wastewater passes into its different phases of flocculation, homogenization and decantation, to finally the semi purified water, be treated again or poured, or led to possible reuse.

The known slurry separating stations nowadays they have the main drawback of specifying of large construction areas, given that the various deposits in those that are transferred wastewater need important dimensions, the high cost of presses that separate water from solids, and energy consumption, which increases the expenses of The explotion.

Another resulting inconvenience consists in the high cost of carrying out the subsequent works, as well as the necessary investment in elements, such as large pumps transferrs, important devices to remove sludge or wastewater, as well as those commonly known as filters band.

Finally we will cite as an inconvenience the high maintenance cost of wastewater treatment plants currently known, as per need, periods are established of time to perform the cleaning and review of the mechanisms, being to review the high maintenance cost that carry the aforementioned band filters.

To solve the problem in the The system for the biological purification of excreta of animals in housing and obtaining humus subject to the present invention, which by means of a rectangular decanter, constituted in concrete, of an approximate height of 1.70 meters, its lower part having a slope with respect to the base of a 20%, to facilitate the emptying of solids, and an approximate width 1.5 meters, containing inside a metal filter of mesh, supported in a galce on the inner wall of the decanter, the filter is registered at the top of 1/3 of the height of the decanter, by means of some studs and nuts.

The width filter dimensions are correspond to those of the decanter itself, the approximate length it will be 1 meter and there will be as many filters as meters have the decanter, overlapping with a rubber weatherstrip, avoiding passage of solids between them, the filter mesh screen it will be 0.5 to 1 mm., at most, to prevent the passage of solid.

The entry of slurry is done through a tube located on one side of the decanter, slightly below of the metal filter, with a branch to avoid possible emboces by the entrance of slurry.

Solids, whose specific weight exceeds that of water will remain below and the water will flow to overflow leftover, which through a pipe, will flow to the raft or reception pond.

The emptying of solids is done by means of practicable windows of at least 70 cm. of width by 40 cm. approximately, favored by the unevenness of the lower part of the decanter, pouring into an area conditioned to carry out the mixing operation for composting
later.

The decanter works without any type of energy, being fully accessible for cleaning, its measurements they do not exceed 1.7 m., in height, facilitating their handling and in forecast of any type of accident.

The rafts or ponds are especially designed, for each type of exploitation, are built by a small excavation, or gathering of land to adjust the raft measurements, as they do not exceed one meter deep, adopting a truncated conical shape, once the rafts have been leveled cover with a rubber blanket, to avoid any kind of filtration, thus protecting the environment.

The rafts or ponds have a length variable, depending on the volume of the holding and can be located on the ground by stairs to facilitate decanting of water, passing directly from the decanter to the raft of reception, from which, the treatment raft is given way, where the water purification process begins by means of aquatic plants (floating and emerging macrophytes). Which to through their roots they eliminate the eutrophizing elements, such as they can be Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, heavy metals (in especially as Copper and Zinc, present in slurry), pesticides and pathogenic germs, obtaining high yields.

The system for biological clearance of excreta of animals in housing and obtaining humus, for Water purification can adopt dual use of plants aquatic, that is, both emerging and floating.

In the case of emerging plants, planting It is done outside the ponds, in wooden boxes filled with a mixture of sand and composting very wet and setting in full sun, the Floating plants pass directly to the raft or pond purification.

Once the floating plants are well installed on the purification pool, they will be prepared for correct operation of the system. Aquatic plants extract water suspended materials in relation to your needs of growth

The purification pond or pond, has in its top, at ground level, of cement rails for the sliding of a plant collecting device, the which is constituted by a rectangular structure based on metal rod, forming an oval shape at the top, solidarity in its central part to two rods that are placed on a rectangular platform, from which two rods emerge by both extremes, until solidarity with an axis that supports two small rubber wheels on each side, at the bottom and centered has a metal grid drawer, with ears sides that follow the shape of the slopes of the raft, the drawer It has a front door and another door, depending on the direction of the collection, once opened they remain under the surface of the water, facilitating the collection of plants.

It rises and rotates through a system of syrups lever operated, using any known method existing in the market, once out of the raft, the draining the drawer.

The displacement of the plant collector is produced by drag, due to its reduced weight, collecting the excess production so that the new generation of plants have its vital space and greater contaminant absorption power and excess macronutrients

Once the cleaning cycle has been completed, the aquatic plants, can be partially used as food suitable for the animals of the farm itself, or for the feed manufacturing, provided that the permissible limits of metals in the compounds allow it, or as a source of energy obtaining biogas, for the maintenance of heating of the farm itself or to be used for composting

The purified water is transferred to the rafts or retention ponds, from which it can be used for uses agricultural, washing of ships and common services of the exploitation.

For the protection of plants located in the treatment raft, at low temperatures, a modular protection constituted by a plurality of hoops Semicircular metallic transparent plastic cover, completely covering the pond, on the other hand to heat small installations, the solids of the slurry obtained in the decanter, they are piled up and mixed with straw, plants or others carbon-rich elements for the aerobic composting process; for this process there are several stacks lined up in a row, parallel and close to the treatment pond, also isolated with an identical protector, both protectors are communicated by corridors of similar invoice that embocan openings lateral at its anterior and posterior ends, by means of a rectangular metal structure, covered with plastic transparent, adapting its shape to the sides of the structures, for its perfect coupling over the openings of the structure semicircular of the protectors for both its anterior and by the later, creating an air current, with the purpose that the heat produced during composting passes to the raft of purification, thus improving the environmental conditions of plants.

The semicircular protectors, are built by modules and being constituted by a plurality of hoops Metallic, they are foldable, easy to install and can be stored during periods of high temperatures, occupying the minimum space

The metal structures that serve as communication between both protectors, under extreme conditions of low temperatures, can accommodate fans inside They would help forced ventilation.

An aerobic composting is carried out, maintaining the carbon / nitrogen ratios so as not to generate bad odors and gases, thus obtaining a conditioned substrate after approximately 20-40 days, to deposit it in a specially adapted area of the land, incorporating Earthworm Californian red ( Eisenia foetida ) to obtain earthworm humus, for own agricultural use or for sale.

The composting site cradles will have variable dimensions in length, depending on the capacity of the exploitation, being the approximate width of one meter.

On the ground or specially conditioned cot for the process of vermiculture or obtaining humus, it is deposited composting bounded by a protector consisting of a practicable metal structure with interlaced plastic, avoiding the overflow of composting, the upper part will support plastic sheet or shade mesh, depending on winter or summer, preserving the process of extreme temperatures or inclement weather.

The metal structure has a system of lateral rotation abatement, regulating the height of the cradle with regarding the greater or lesser level of composting placed in it.

The structure sits on two plates transverse and horizontally arranged, one in the part upper, with the drive handle at one end, a plurality of holes and a height adjustment plate by middle of the pivoting pins, the opposite end being smooth.

On the lower plate they are held by small axes a plurality of perpendicular plates, also riveted on the top plate, both sides are equal, being joined by means of metal rods, favoring your movements

At the time of humus collection the structure is removed to facilitate the process and favor the use of machinery for its transfer.

Before collecting the humus, it is deposited in the top of the metal structure a rectangular sieve flat metal mesh, the sieve will be calibrated to 4 or 5 mm., approximately, with a metal handle on each side, once the practically all the worms have been installed on the sieve, they withdraw, being the ideal time for the withdrawal of humus.

This system for the biological purification of excreta of animals in housing and obtaining humus that presents brings multiple advantages over the available systems currently being the most important that both the process and the elements that compose it are totally natural, cushioning the huge impact on the environment.

Another important advantage is that it validates the sustainability of an agricultural production system based on integration of plant and animal production, diversification of high productivity crops, nutrient recycling and atmospheric nitrogen fixation, biomass fractionation for the feeding of ruminants and non-ruminants, the use of sources alternative and local energy, the incorporation and development of technologies compatible with ecological capital.

Another of the most important advantages to highlight is the energy revaluation of a renewable resource, applying waste as fertilizer for crops, after having been treated by composting processes, with minimal cost of implementation and implementation.

Also another important advantage is that being a system that only uses natural procedures not It contributes to the environmental impact or the greenhouse effect.

Also another added advantage is that the plants, once their cycle is exhausted, they can be used as a source of energy for obtaining biogas, as a supplement for food, animal feed or used for composting.

Finally we can add that in addition to the high yield that is obtained, with a minimum investment, the plants, some of them with flower, give a pleasant aesthetic in the environment of exploitation.

To better understand the purpose of this invention, an embodiment has been shown in the attached drawing preferential practice of it. In that plane:

Figure -1- shows a schematic plan of the system distribution

Figure -2- shows a perspective view of the decanter.

Figure -3- shows a perspective view of the rafts or ponds.

Figure -4- shows a perspective view of the plant collector.

Figure -5- shows a perspective view of the plant protector.

Figure -6- shows a perspective view and side view of the structure for the vermiculture process.

Figure -7- shows a plan view of the worm collector.

The system for biological clearance of excreta of animals in housing and obtaining humus subject to the present invention, this compound, as can be seen in the annexed plan, by a rectangular decanter (1), constituted in concrete, of an approximate height of 1.70 meters, having its bottom a slope with respect to the base of 20%, for facilitate the emptying of solids, and an approximate width of 1.5 meters, containing inside a metal mesh filter (2), supported in a galce on the inside wall of the decanter, the filter is registered at the top at 1/3 of the height counting from the edge of the decanter, using asparagus (3) and nuts (4).

The filters are overlapped with a gasket of rubber (5), preventing the passage of solids between them.

The entry of slurry is done through a tube (6) located on one side of the decanter, slightly by under the metal filter (2), with a vertical branch (7) to avoid possible emboces by the entry of slurry (8).

Water will flow until it overflows through the overflow (9), through a pipe (10), reaching the raft or reception pond (14).

The emptying of solids is done by means of practicable windows (11) favored by the unevenness of the lower part of the decanter (1), pouring into an area conditioned (12) to carry out the mixing operation for the subsequent composting (13).

Rafts or ponds once excavated and flattened the ground are waterproofed with a rubber coating (fifteen).

From the reception raft (14), water flows to the treatment raft (16), through the pipeline (17), where the water purification process begins by means of floating (18) or emerging (19) aquatic plants.

Planting of emerging plants (19) is performed outside the ponds, in wooden boxes (20) full of a mixture of sand and composting (13) very moist and full Sun.

The raft or treatment pond (16), has at the top, at ground level, of some lanes of cement (21) for the sliding of a collecting device of plants (22), which is constituted by a metal structure rectangular (23) with four small rubber wheels (24) and a metal grid drawer (25) preferably stainless steel, at the bottom, with side ears (26), the drawer (25) It has a front and an opposite door (27), rises and turns by means of a lever-operated servo system (28).

The plant collector (22) moves to through the cement guides (21) of the purification raft (16) by means of the rubber wheels (24).

For the protection of plants located in the treatment raft (16), at low temperatures, has been designed a modular protection (29) constituted by a plurality of metal hoops (30) of semicircular shape covered with plastic transparent (31), completely covering the pond (16), on the other side the solids of the slurry obtained in the decanter (1), are piled up and mixed with straw, plants or other rich elements in carbon for the aerobic composting process (13) that previously it has been carried out in the area prepared for this purpose (12); for this process they are located next to the treatment pond, also insulated with the modular protector (29), remaining communicated by lateral openings at its anterior ends and posterior, by a rectangular metal structure (32), covered with transparent plastic (31), forming its ends a arch (33), for its perfect coupling over the openings of the semicircular structure of the protectors (29) both for their part previous as for the later.

The metal structures (32) that serve as communication between both protectors (29), can accommodate in your interior fans (34) that would help ventilation forced.

The purified water is transferred to the following ponds (35 and 36), through the pipes (37 and 38), from which it can be used for agricultural uses, washing of ships, irrigation of cribs and common services of the exploitation.

The aerobic composting (13), is deposited in a sector of the land or cradles (39) for the process of vermiculture or obtaining humus, incorporating Californian red earthworm ( Eisenia foetida ) delimiting the cribs (39) with a protector (40) constituted by a metal structure practicable with an interlaced plastic (31), avoiding the overflow of the composting (13), the upper part will support plastic sheet or shade mesh (41).

The protector (40) sits on two plates transverse and horizontally arranged, one in the part upper (42) having a drive handle at one end (43), a plurality of holes (44) and a regulation plate height (45) by means of pillar pins (46).

On the lower plate (47) are held by small axes (48) a plurality of plates perpendicular (49), also fixed with small shafts (48), on the upper plate (42), both sides are equal, remaining joined by means of metal rods (50), favoring their movements.

Before collecting the humus, it is deposited in the top of the metal structure (40) a sieve rectangular metal (51), with a metal handle (52) on each side, to collect almost all the worms, being the ideal moment for the withdrawal of the humus obtained.

A description is voluntarily omitted detailed of the rest of particularities of the system that is presented or of the component elements that integrate it, because we estimate by our part that the rest of these particularities are not object of any claim.

Once nature is sufficiently described of the present invention, as well as how to implement it, we only have to add that its description is not limiting, being able to make some variations, both in materials and in shapes or sizes, as long as these variations do not alter the essentiality of the characteristics claimed in continuation.

Claims (18)

1. System for the biological purification of excreta from animals in housing and obtaining humus of the type used to separate the solids from slurry and water purification, characterized by a decanter that separates the water from the slurry solids, distributing it to some rafts or ponds, purifying them in a regeneration process using phyto-corrective measures through aquatic plants, and treating the solid matter, converting it into composting and later into humus, using Californian red worm ( Eisenia foetida ). 2. System for biological purification of excreta of animals in housing and obtaining humus, according to the previous claim because it has a decanter (1), preferably constituted of concrete, having inside of a mesh filter (2), preferably stainless steel, anchored by studs (3) and nuts (4) and with protection perimeter of a weatherstrip (5), and externally of a metal tube (6) with vertical extension (7), an overflow (9), a ducting (10) and practicable windows (11), preferably of stainless steel. 3. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in housing and obtaining humus, according to the previous claims, characterized in that the emptying of solids is carried out by means of practicable windows (11) favored by the unevenness of the lower part of the decanter (1), pouring into a conditioned area (12) to carry out the mixing operation for composting (13). 4. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in housing and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the water will flow until it overflows through the overflow (9), by means of the canalization (10), reaching the raft or reception pond (14). 5. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in stables and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that from the receiving raft (14), the water flows to the treatment raft (16), by channeling ( 17), where the water purification process begins through floating (18) or emerging (19) aquatic plants which, through their roots, eliminate eutrophizing elements, such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, heavy metals like Copper and Zinc, pesticides and pathogens. 6. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in housing and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the planting of emerging plants (19) is carried out outside the ponds or rafts, in wooden boxes (20) full of a mixture of sand and composting (13) very humid and setting in full sun. 7. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in housing and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the rafts or ponds (14, 16, 35 and 36) are constructed by means of an excavation, adopting a truncated pyramid section and a Once leveled, they are covered with a rubber layer (15), avoiding leaks to the water tables. 8. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in stables and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the raft or pond (16) has at ground level and its upper part, arranged laterally on both sides and throughout its length, of cement rails (21) for the sliding of a plant collecting device (22). 9. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in housing and obtaining humus of the type used to separate the solids from slurry and water purification, according to the preceding claims, characterized by a plant collector (22), constituted by a metal structure (23), preferably stainless steel, two transverse axes, centered, housing at its ends 4 rubber wheels (24), having at its bottom a rectangular drawer (25) and preferably perforated stainless steel sheet , with doors (27), housing on both ends an ear (26), supported by means of a system of drive cables (28). 10. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in housing and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that for the protection of the plants located in the treatment raft (16), at low temperatures, they are covered with a protection Modular semicircular (29) completely covering the pond (16), on the other hand the solids of the slurry obtained in the decanter (1), are piled up and mixed with straw, plants or other elements rich in carbon for the aerobic composting process ( 13) which has previously been carried out in the area prepared for this purpose (12); for this process they are located close to the pond (16), also isolated with the modular protector (29), being communicated by lateral openings at its front and rear ends, through a rectangular metal structure (32), allowing the passage of generated heat by composting fermentation. 11. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in housing and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the modular semicircular protection (29) is constituted by a plurality of metal hoops (30) of semicircular shape and plastic cover transparent (31), with semicircular openings both on the front and the back. 12. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in housing and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized by the rectangular metallic protection (32) covered with transparent plastic (31), both lateral ends having a semicircular shape (33) , allowing its coupling with the openings of the protectors (29), being able to accommodate inside fans (34) allowing forced ventilation. 13. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in housing and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the water already purified is transferred to the following ponds (35 and 36), by means of the pipes (37 and 38 ), from which it can be used for agricultural uses, washing of ships, irrigation of cribs and common services of the farm. 14. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in housing and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the aerobic composting (13) is deposited in a sector of the land or cradles (39) for the vermiculture process or obtaining humus, incorporating Californian red earthworm ( Eisenia foetida ) delimiting the cribs (39) with a protector (40), avoiding the overflow of composting (13). 15. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in housing and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the protection (40) is constituted by a practicable metal structure with a transparent plastic (31) interlaced laterally and in turn upper with shadow mesh (41), supported on two horizontally arranged transverse plates, one at the top (42) having at one end a handle (43), a plurality of holes (44) and a height adjustment plate (45) by means of insertion pivots (46), a lower plate (47) on which a plurality of perpendicular plates (49), also secured by small axes (48), are held by small axes (48), on the upper plate (42), both sides are equal, being joined by means of metal rods (50). 16. System for the biological purification of excreta from animals in housing and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized by the use of Californian red earthworm ( Eisenia foetida ), in the phase of obtaining humus. 17. System for the biological purification of animal excreta in housing and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that a sieve (51) is deposited in the upper part of the metal structure (40) before the collection of the humus. , collecting practically all the worms, this being the ideal time for the withdrawal of the obtained humus. 18. System for the biological purification of excreta of animals in housing and obtaining humus, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the sieve (51) is constituted in a rectangular, metallic form, with a semicircular metallic handle (52) on each side.