ES2191782T3 - Medio de filtro de varias capas. - Google Patents
Medio de filtro de varias capas.Info
- Publication number
- ES2191782T3 ES2191782T3 ES96943700T ES96943700T ES2191782T3 ES 2191782 T3 ES2191782 T3 ES 2191782T3 ES 96943700 T ES96943700 T ES 96943700T ES 96943700 T ES96943700 T ES 96943700T ES 2191782 T3 ES2191782 T3 ES 2191782T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- media
- various layers
- layers filter
- electret
- filter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
- B01D39/163—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin sintered or bonded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
- B01D46/0032—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions using electrostatic forces to remove particles, e.g. electret filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/54—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using ultra-fine filter sheets or diaphragms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/28—Plant or installations without electricity supply, e.g. using electrets
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/559—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving the fibres being within layered webs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
- D04H3/147—Composite yarns or filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/02—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials
- B01D2239/0216—Bicomponent or multicomponent fibres
- B01D2239/0225—Side-by-side
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/02—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials
- B01D2239/0216—Bicomponent or multicomponent fibres
- B01D2239/0233—Island-in-sea
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0435—Electret
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
- B01D2239/0622—Melt-blown
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
- B01D2239/0627—Spun-bonded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
- B01D2239/1233—Fibre diameter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
- B01D2239/1291—Other parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/12—Conjugate fibres, e.g. core/sheath or side-by-side
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/14—Mixture of at least two fibres made of different materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
- Y10T442/614—Strand or fiber material specified as having microdimensions [i.e., microfiber]
- Y10T442/621—Including other strand or fiber material in a different layer not specified as having microdimensions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
- Y10T442/614—Strand or fiber material specified as having microdimensions [i.e., microfiber]
- Y10T442/626—Microfiber is synthetic polymer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/637—Including strand or fiber material which is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material
- Y10T442/641—Sheath-core multicomponent strand or fiber material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
- Y10T442/66—Additional nonwoven fabric is a spun-bonded fabric
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/68—Melt-blown nonwoven fabric
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/681—Spun-bonded nonwoven fabric
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
LA PRESENTE INVENCION PROPORCIONA UN MEDIO DE FILTRO LAMINADO CON AUTOSOPORTE QUE TIENE UN VELO MULLIDO DE FILAMENTOS FUSIONADOS ENTRE SI DE ELECTRETO Y UNA RED DE MICROFIBRA DE ELECTRETO, EN EL QUE EL VELO TIENE UNA DENSIDAD ENTRE APROXIMADAMENTE 0,01 G/CM 3 Y APROXIMADAMENTE 0,1 G/CM 3 .
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/577,955 US5721180A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1995-12-22 | Laminate filter media |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2191782T3 true ES2191782T3 (es) | 2003-09-16 |
Family
ID=24310845
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES96943700T Expired - Lifetime ES2191782T3 (es) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-12-11 | Medio de filtro de varias capas. |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5721180A (es) |
EP (2) | EP1302230A1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU1286797A (es) |
CA (1) | CA2239063A1 (es) |
DE (1) | DE69627027T2 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2191782T3 (es) |
WO (1) | WO1997023267A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (100)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6169045B1 (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 2001-01-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Nonwoven filter media |
US6162535A (en) | 1996-05-24 | 2000-12-19 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ferroelectric fibers and applications therefor |
US5878435A (en) | 1997-11-12 | 1999-03-09 | Kast; Rhonda S. | Hand and forearm protector |
US6537932B1 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 2003-03-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Sterilization wrap, applications therefor, and method of sterilizing |
US6133173A (en) * | 1997-12-01 | 2000-10-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nonwoven cohesive wrap |
US6365088B1 (en) | 1998-06-26 | 2002-04-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Electret treatment of high loft and low density nonwoven webs |
US6759356B1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2004-07-06 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous electret polymeric articles |
CA2336213C (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2007-08-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Stable polymeric electret materials |
USH2086H1 (en) | 1998-08-31 | 2003-10-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide | Fine particle liquid filtration media |
US6454989B1 (en) | 1998-11-12 | 2002-09-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process of making a crimped multicomponent fiber web |
US7014050B1 (en) | 1998-11-25 | 2006-03-21 | Chisso Corporation | Filter cartridge |
US6723669B1 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2004-04-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fine multicomponent fiber webs and laminates thereof |
US6573205B1 (en) | 1999-01-30 | 2003-06-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Stable electret polymeric articles |
DE10084425T1 (de) * | 1999-03-30 | 2002-06-20 | Chisso Corp | Filterpatrone |
US6322604B1 (en) | 1999-07-22 | 2001-11-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc | Filtration media and articles incorporating the same |
US6613704B1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2003-09-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Continuous filament composite nonwoven webs |
US6777056B1 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 2004-08-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Regionally distinct nonwoven webs |
US20020042236A1 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2002-04-11 | Chisso Corporation | Filter cartridge and process for producing the same |
US6815383B1 (en) | 2000-05-24 | 2004-11-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Filtration medium with enhanced particle holding characteristics |
US7687416B2 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2010-03-30 | Aaf-Mcquay Inc. | Arrangement for forming a layered fibrous mat of varied porosity |
US6649547B1 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2003-11-18 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Integrated nonwoven laminate material |
WO2002072237A1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2002-09-19 | Lydall, Inc. | Air laid/wet laid gas filtration media |
US20020148547A1 (en) * | 2001-01-17 | 2002-10-17 | Jean-Claude Abed | Bonded layered nonwoven and method of producing same |
EP1385699A4 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2006-10-18 | Polymer Group Inc | NON-WOVEN LAMELLE HAVING REINFORCED BARRIER PROPERTIES |
WO2002089956A1 (en) * | 2001-05-02 | 2002-11-14 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media with enhanced stiffness and increased dust holding capacity |
US20030054125A1 (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Protective electret treated nonwoven web for sensitive surfaces |
US20040011204A1 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2004-01-22 | Hendrik Both | Electrostatic fibrous filter web and method of making same |
US20030203694A1 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-10-30 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Coform filter media having increased particle loading capacity |
US20030203696A1 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-10-30 | Healey David Thomas | High efficiency ashrae filter media |
KR20110055576A (ko) * | 2002-09-16 | 2011-05-25 | 트리오신 홀딩 아이엔씨 | 활성화제가 혼입된 정전기적으로 하전된 필터 매질 |
US7425517B2 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2008-09-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Nonwoven fabric with abrasion resistance and reduced surface fuzziness |
US7045211B2 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2006-05-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Crimped thermoplastic multicomponent fiber and fiber webs and method of making |
US20060264139A1 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2006-11-23 | Helsa-Werke Helmut Sandler Gmbh & Co. Kg | Filter materials with a bipolar coating |
US7097694B1 (en) | 2003-12-04 | 2006-08-29 | Fleetguard, Inc. | High performance, high efficiency filter |
US20050148266A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-07 | Myers David L. | Self-supporting pleated electret filter media |
WO2005083240A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-09-09 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Crankcase ventilation filter |
US20060054571A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Lopez Gerardo V | Continuous loop filter media and method of filtering particulate |
US8021457B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2011-09-20 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter media and structure |
AU2005304879B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2010-02-04 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter medium and structure |
US8057567B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2011-11-15 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter medium and breather filter structure |
US7325699B2 (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2008-02-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Lint-reducing container |
EP1846136A2 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2007-10-24 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Aerosol separator |
ATE442893T1 (de) | 2005-02-22 | 2009-10-15 | Donaldson Co Inc | Aerosolabscheider |
KR20080038230A (ko) * | 2005-08-19 | 2008-05-02 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 인크. | 프로필렌 기재 멜트블로운 부직층 및 복합 구조물 |
US7810743B2 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2010-10-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid delivery device |
US7703698B2 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2010-04-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid treatment chamber and continuous flow mixing system |
US9770058B2 (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2017-09-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flat-fold respirator with monocomponent filtration/stiffening monolayer |
US7902096B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2011-03-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Monocomponent monolayer meltblown web and meltblowing apparatus |
US7905973B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2011-03-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Molded monocomponent monolayer respirator |
US7807591B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2010-10-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fibrous web comprising microfibers dispersed among bonded meltspun fibers |
US7858163B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2010-12-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Molded monocomponent monolayer respirator with bimodal monolayer monocomponent media |
US8029723B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2011-10-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for making shaped filtration articles |
US7947142B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2011-05-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Pleated filter with monolayer monocomponent meltspun media |
PL2049720T3 (pl) | 2006-07-31 | 2014-02-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Sposób wytwarzania kształtowych produktów filtracyjnych |
US7754041B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2010-07-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Pleated filter with bimodal monolayer monocomponent media |
US8034286B2 (en) | 2006-09-08 | 2011-10-11 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic treatment system for separating compounds from aqueous effluent |
US9283188B2 (en) | 2006-09-08 | 2016-03-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Delivery systems for delivering functional compounds to substrates and processes of using the same |
US7642208B2 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2010-01-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Abrasion resistant material for use in various media |
US7712353B2 (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2010-05-11 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid treatment system |
US7673516B2 (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2010-03-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid treatment system |
EP2117674A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2009-11-18 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter element and method |
WO2008103821A2 (en) | 2007-02-23 | 2008-08-28 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Formed filter element |
DE102007023806A1 (de) * | 2007-05-21 | 2008-11-27 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Lagenverbund zur Verwendung in einem Luftfilter |
US7989371B2 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2011-08-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Meltblown fiber web with staple fibers |
US7989372B2 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2011-08-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Molded respirator comprising meltblown fiber web with staple fibers |
US20080315454A1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making meltblown fiber web with staple fibers |
US7785674B2 (en) | 2007-07-12 | 2010-08-31 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Delivery systems for delivering functional compounds to substrates and processes of using the same |
US7947184B2 (en) | 2007-07-12 | 2011-05-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Treatment chamber for separating compounds from aqueous effluent |
US7998322B2 (en) | 2007-07-12 | 2011-08-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic treatment chamber having electrode properties |
WO2009064130A2 (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2009-05-22 | Kolon Industries, Inc. | Aramid nonwoven fabric and preparation method therefor |
US20090147905A1 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-11 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic treatment chamber for initiating thermonuclear fusion |
US8454889B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2013-06-04 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Gas treatment system |
US8858892B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2014-10-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Liquid treatment system |
US8632613B2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2014-01-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for applying one or more treatment agents to a textile web |
US8206024B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2012-06-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic treatment chamber for particle dispersion into formulations |
US8215822B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2012-07-10 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic treatment chamber for preparing antimicrobial formulations |
US8057573B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2011-11-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic treatment chamber for increasing the shelf life of formulations |
US20090166177A1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic treatment chamber for preparing emulsions |
US9421504B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2016-08-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic treatment chamber for preparing emulsions |
US20090308548A1 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-17 | Tramontina Paul F | Temporary partition curtain |
CN102196852B (zh) | 2008-10-31 | 2017-02-22 | 卡尔·弗罗伊登伯格公司 | 用于粒子过滤的过滤介质 |
US8685178B2 (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2014-04-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Methods of preparing metal-modified silica nanoparticles |
US8163388B2 (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2012-04-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Compositions comprising metal-modified silica nanoparticles |
US9885154B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2018-02-06 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Fibrous media |
US20100212272A1 (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-26 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media suitable for ashrae applications |
US20100326902A1 (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2010-12-30 | David Grant Midkiff | Laminated Filtration Media |
WO2012106659A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 | 2012-08-09 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter media pack, filter assembly, and method |
RU2017112525A (ru) | 2014-11-06 | 2018-12-06 | Дзе Проктер Энд Гэмбл Компани | Абсорбирующие изделия, содержащие обращенные к одежде ламинаты |
CN107106355B (zh) | 2014-11-06 | 2020-11-03 | 宝洁公司 | 卷曲纤维纺粘非织造网/层压体 |
KR102321603B1 (ko) * | 2016-05-18 | 2021-11-09 | 파이버텍스 퍼스널 케어 에이/에스 | 멜트블로운 및 스펀본드 층을 포함하는 부직 라미네이트 직물 |
EP3246444B1 (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2020-04-08 | Fibertex Personal Care A/S | Method for making a high loft nonwoven web |
EP3582733B1 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2022-08-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent articles with substrates having repeating patterns of apertures comprising a plurality of repeat units |
DE102017002957A1 (de) | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | Mann+Hummel Gmbh | Spinnvliesstoff, Filtermedium, Filterelement und deren Verwendung und Filteranordnung |
CN110462124B (zh) | 2017-03-28 | 2023-01-31 | 曼·胡默尔有限公司 | 纺粘型无纺布材料、包括纺粘型无纺布材料的物件、过滤介质、过滤元件及其应用 |
CN111206293A (zh) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-05-29 | 上海精发实业股份有限公司 | 一种可打折的双组分滤材及其制备方法和用途 |
CN111206292A (zh) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-05-29 | 上海精发实业股份有限公司 | 一种聚烯烃骨架过滤材料及其制备方法和用途 |
CN111206294B (zh) * | 2018-11-21 | 2022-09-23 | 上海精发实业股份有限公司 | 一种具有阻燃功能的聚烯烃静电滤材及其制备方法和用途 |
CN109603303A (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-12 | 江阴健发特种纺织品有限公司 | 一种含增能助剂的针刺静电棉过滤材料及其制备方法 |
US11457675B2 (en) | 2019-02-08 | 2022-10-04 | Ricky Van Redman | Hand and arm protector |
US11175210B2 (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2021-11-16 | The Boeing Company | System and methods for evaluating an air purification system |
Family Cites Families (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3978185A (en) * | 1968-12-23 | 1976-08-31 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Melt blowing process |
US3849241A (en) * | 1968-12-23 | 1974-11-19 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Non-woven mats by melt blowing |
DE2048006B2 (de) * | 1969-10-01 | 1980-10-30 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo K.K., Osaka (Japan) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer breiten Vliesbahn |
DE1950669C3 (de) * | 1969-10-08 | 1982-05-13 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Vliesherstellung |
CA948388A (en) * | 1970-02-27 | 1974-06-04 | Paul B. Hansen | Pattern bonded continuous filament web |
GB1524713A (en) * | 1975-04-11 | 1978-09-13 | Ici Ltd | Autogeneously bonded non-woven fibrous structure |
US4215682A (en) * | 1978-02-06 | 1980-08-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Melt-blown fibrous electrets |
US4211661A (en) * | 1979-01-08 | 1980-07-08 | Chave & Earley, Inc. | Filter medium |
US4340563A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1982-07-20 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Method for forming nonwoven webs |
JPS5756562A (en) * | 1980-09-20 | 1982-04-05 | Uni Charm Corp | Nonwoven fabric and production thereof |
US4375718A (en) * | 1981-03-12 | 1983-03-08 | Surgikos, Inc. | Method of making fibrous electrets |
JPS58109113A (ja) * | 1981-12-21 | 1983-06-29 | Japan Vilene Co Ltd | 「あ」材の製造方法 |
US4588457A (en) * | 1983-03-11 | 1986-05-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Two-ply nonwoven fabric laminate |
US4595629A (en) * | 1984-03-09 | 1986-06-17 | Chicopee | Water impervious materials |
JPS60194160A (ja) * | 1984-03-16 | 1985-10-02 | 旭化成株式会社 | 平滑な不織シ−ト |
US4689058A (en) * | 1986-02-07 | 1987-08-25 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Disposable stove hood filter |
US4714647A (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1987-12-22 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Melt-blown material with depth fiber size gradient |
US4681801A (en) * | 1986-08-22 | 1987-07-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Durable melt-blown fibrous sheet material |
GB8629566D0 (en) * | 1986-12-10 | 1987-09-09 | Lantor Uk Ltd | Composite material |
US4925601A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1990-05-15 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Method for making melt-blown liquid filter medium |
US5120888A (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1992-06-09 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Surface-segregatable, melt-extrudable thermoplastic composition |
JPH06104952B2 (ja) * | 1988-05-24 | 1994-12-21 | 東レ株式会社 | エレクトレット繊維及びその製造方法 |
US4863785A (en) * | 1988-11-18 | 1989-09-05 | The James River Corporation | Nonwoven continuously-bonded trilaminate |
US4917942A (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1990-04-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Nonwoven filter material |
JP2788976B2 (ja) * | 1989-04-26 | 1998-08-20 | ジャパンゴアテック株式会社 | フィルター材 |
US4904521A (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1990-02-27 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Melt-blown nonwoven wiper |
US5039431A (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1991-08-13 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Melt-blown nonwoven wiper |
WO1991019034A1 (en) * | 1990-05-29 | 1991-12-12 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Insulated collector for production of electrically charged meltblown webs |
US5145727A (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 1992-09-08 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Multilayer nonwoven composite structure |
US5149576A (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 1992-09-22 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Multilayer nonwoven laminiferous structure |
JPH05214A (ja) * | 1990-11-30 | 1993-01-08 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | エレクトレツトフイルター |
US5108474A (en) * | 1991-01-03 | 1992-04-28 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Smoke filter |
US5219633A (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1993-06-15 | Tuff Spun Fabrics, Inc. | Composite fabrics comprising continuous filaments locked in place by intermingled melt blown fibers and methods and apparatus for making |
US5306534A (en) * | 1991-03-22 | 1994-04-26 | Home Care Industries, Inc. | Vacuum cleaner bag with electrostatically charged meltblown layer |
US5232770A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-08-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | High temperature stable nonwoven webs based on multi-layer blown microfibers |
US5229191A (en) * | 1991-11-20 | 1993-07-20 | Fiberweb North America, Inc. | Composite nonwoven fabrics and method of making same |
JP3110534B2 (ja) * | 1991-12-27 | 2000-11-20 | 三井化学株式会社 | 積層不織布及びその製造方法 |
US5382400A (en) * | 1992-08-21 | 1995-01-17 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven multicomponent polymeric fabric and method for making same |
US5401446A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1995-03-28 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for the electrostatic charging of a web or film |
CA2124389C (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 2005-08-23 | Richard D. Pike | Nonwoven filter media |
JPH07163819A (ja) * | 1993-12-14 | 1995-06-27 | Toray Ind Inc | 複合濾材 |
JPH08199466A (ja) * | 1995-01-19 | 1996-08-06 | Japan Vilene Co Ltd | 無塵衣用交換布 |
US5609947A (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 1997-03-11 | Tonen Chemical Corporation | Laminated non-woven fabric filtering medium and method for producing same |
-
1995
- 1995-12-22 US US08/577,955 patent/US5721180A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-12-11 ES ES96943700T patent/ES2191782T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-11 DE DE69627027T patent/DE69627027T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-11 WO PCT/US1996/019738 patent/WO1997023267A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-12-11 EP EP03001181A patent/EP1302230A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-12-11 EP EP96943700A patent/EP0874677B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-11 AU AU12867/97A patent/AU1286797A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-12-11 CA CA002239063A patent/CA2239063A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1998
- 1998-02-23 US US09/027,772 patent/US5873968A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69627027T2 (de) | 2004-01-29 |
CA2239063A1 (en) | 1997-07-03 |
WO1997023267A1 (en) | 1997-07-03 |
US5873968A (en) | 1999-02-23 |
EP0874677B1 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
AU1286797A (en) | 1997-07-17 |
EP0874677A1 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
EP1302230A1 (en) | 2003-04-16 |
DE69627027D1 (de) | 2003-04-30 |
US5721180A (en) | 1998-02-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
ES2191782T3 (es) | Medio de filtro de varias capas. | |
ES2181800T3 (es) | Medio filtrante no tejido, de alta densidad. | |
ES2133631T3 (es) | Medios de filtro no tejidos para gas. | |
FR2720038B1 (fr) | Siège pour véhicule. | |
ID19957A (id) | Die tekan-cetak, metoda untuk pembuatannya dan benda kaca yang dicetak dengannya | |
DE69902078D1 (de) | Medieninhaltschutz mit öffentlicher Schlüsselkrypthographie | |
DE69737142D1 (de) | Der inserent zahlt die informationen, und nachrichtenübertragungssystem und gerät | |
DE69806434T2 (de) | Verkehrsformer für ATM Netzknoten und Verfahren dazu | |
SE9404250D0 (sv) | Affinity separation method | |
DE69502505T2 (de) | Elektrodynamischer übertrager | |
DE60102254D1 (de) | Klebstoff zur Koextrusion auf der Basis von gepfropften Mischungen die Metallocen Polyethylen enthalten | |
GB0011058D0 (en) | Data bearers in a communication system | |
ID24633A (id) | Turunan tetrahidropirimidinon 3-tersubstitusi, pembuatan dan penggunaannya | |
DE69633253D1 (de) | Kryptographisches verfahren mit öffentlichem schlüssel | |
ID17813A (id) | Alat penampil dan alat-alat mekanik untuk menggenggam loudspeaker. | |
FR2718082B3 (fr) | Véhicule rail-route. | |
DE69535958D1 (de) | Übertragungsnetz, verfahren und sender zur gleichzeitigen übertragung | |
HUP9901122A2 (hu) | Rostok és kaucsuk kötőanyag rugalmas, levegős réteget alkotó kombinációja | |
ES2163120T3 (es) | Babero desechable que tiene una capa reforzante filamentosa. | |
DE69612344T2 (de) | Kodierte Linsenrastermedien | |
ID29681A (id) | Penerima sinyal digital dan metode penyajian sinyal, digital | |
IT1280795B1 (it) | Sedile per veicoli. | |
DE29602835U1 (de) | Preßteile aus Kunststoff für den Innenausbau von Fahrzeugen u.dgl. | |
ID30369A (id) | Warna metalik dan metode pembentukan | |
KR950028544U (ko) | 카오디오의 볼륨고정장치 |