ES2183353T3 - Procedimiento para la obtencion de cuerpos moldeados para baterias de iones litio. - Google Patents

Procedimiento para la obtencion de cuerpos moldeados para baterias de iones litio.

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Publication number
ES2183353T3
ES2183353T3 ES98919152T ES98919152T ES2183353T3 ES 2183353 T3 ES2183353 T3 ES 2183353T3 ES 98919152 T ES98919152 T ES 98919152T ES 98919152 T ES98919152 T ES 98919152T ES 2183353 T3 ES2183353 T3 ES 2183353T3
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ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
weight
mixture
compound
mixtures
iiic
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES98919152T
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English (en)
Inventor
Stephan Bauer
Franz Weingart
Bernd Bronstert
Helmut Mohwald
Thomas Kessler
Uwe Burkhardt
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Publication of ES2183353T3 publication Critical patent/ES2183353T3/es
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/417—Polyolefins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004—Details
    • H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
    • H01G9/025—Solid electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004—Details
    • H01G9/02—Diaphragms; Separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • H01M4/5815—Sulfides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
    • H01M50/406—Moulding; Embossing; Cutting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/423—Polyamide resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
    • H01M6/181—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with polymeric electrolytes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La invención se refiere a un procedimiento para fabricar cuerpos conformados, preferentemente cuerpos conformados de tipo película, que incluye los pasos siguientes: I) mezclado y extrusión o fusión de una mezcla (I) que consta de una mezcla (II) que contiene a) del 1 al 95 % en peso de al menos un pigmento (III) con un tamaño de partícula primario entre 5 nm y 20 mm, seleccionado de entre el grupo que consta de un sólido electroquímicamente inerte (IIIa), de un compuesto (IIIb) capaz de liberar iones litio al ser cargado, y de un compuesto (IIIc), capaz de recibir iones litio al ser cargado, y de una mezcla de sólido (IIIa) con compuestos (IIIb) o compuesto (IIIc), b) del 5 al 99 % en peso de al menos un agente aglutinante de polímeros (IV), y c) del 0 al 200 % en peso de al menos un agente suavizante (V) con relación a la cantidad global de constituyentes a) y b), en el cual el porcentaje en peso de la mezcla (II) en la mezcla (I) va del 1 al 100 % en peso, y que excluye mezclas (I) que contienen mezclas (II) que contienen un copolímero que contenga fluoruro vinilidénico (Vdf) y hexafluoropropileno (HFP) con un contenido en HFP entre el 8 y el 25 % en peso como agente aglutinante polimérico (IV) y un compuesto como un agente suavizante (V) que se selecciona de entre el grupo formado por ftalato de dibutilo, ftalato de dimetilo, ftalato de dietilo, fosfato de tris(butoxi)etilo, carbonato de propileno, carbonato de etileno, trimellitato de trimetilo y mezclas de los mismos.
ES98919152T 1997-03-27 1998-03-25 Procedimiento para la obtencion de cuerpos moldeados para baterias de iones litio. Expired - Lifetime ES2183353T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19713072A DE19713072A1 (de) 1997-03-27 1997-03-27 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern für Lithiumionenbatterien

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2183353T3 true ES2183353T3 (es) 2003-03-16

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ID=7824913

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ES98919152T Expired - Lifetime ES2183353T3 (es) 1997-03-27 1998-03-25 Procedimiento para la obtencion de cuerpos moldeados para baterias de iones litio.

Country Status (13)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0970529B1 (es)
JP (1) JP2001516496A (es)
KR (1) KR20010005630A (es)
CN (1) CN1257612A (es)
AU (1) AU7210498A (es)
BR (1) BR9808983A (es)
CA (1) CA2285007A1 (es)
DE (2) DE19713072A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2183353T3 (es)
RU (1) RU99122673A (es)
TW (1) TW368760B (es)
WO (1) WO1998044576A1 (es)
ZA (1) ZA982550B (es)

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JP2001520439A (ja) * 1997-10-09 2001-10-30 ビーエーエスエフ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト 電気化学電池に適した複合材
JP2000182621A (ja) * 1998-12-11 2000-06-30 Fujitsu Ltd リチウム二次電池、リチウム二次電池用の負極、およびこの負極の製造方法
CA2370524A1 (en) 1999-02-19 2000-08-24 Amtek Research International Llc Electrically conductive, freestanding microporous polymer sheet
DE19923906A1 (de) 1999-05-26 2000-11-30 Basf Ag Optisch transparenter polymerer Festelektrolyt
DE19952335B4 (de) * 1999-10-29 2007-03-29 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. In elektrochemischen Bauelementen verwendbare pastöse Masse, damit gebildete Schichten, Folien, Schichtverbünde und wiederaufladbare elektrochemische Zellen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung der Schichten, Folien und Schichtverbünde
US6503432B1 (en) 2000-03-02 2003-01-07 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for forming multilayer articles by melt extrusion
JP2001332304A (ja) * 2000-05-24 2001-11-30 Sony Corp 電解質およびそれを用いた電池
JP2003003078A (ja) * 2000-09-19 2003-01-08 Nisshinbo Ind Inc イオン導電性組成物、ゲル電解質、及び非水電解質電池並びに電気二重層キャパシタ
EP1207572A1 (en) * 2000-11-15 2002-05-22 Dr. Sugnaux Consulting Mesoporous electrodes for electrochemical cells and their production method
US6939383B2 (en) 2002-05-03 2005-09-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for making electrode
DE10251194B4 (de) * 2002-11-04 2006-12-14 Dilo Trading Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lithium-Polymer-Batterievorläufers und Verwendung des Verfahrens
DE10251238B4 (de) * 2002-11-04 2006-12-28 Dilo Trading Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lithium-Polymer-Batterievorläufers, Verwendung des Verfahrens und Lithum-Polymer-Batterievorläufer
ATE473088T1 (de) † 2003-08-22 2010-07-15 Coperion Gmbh Schneckenmaschine mit misch- und knet-scheiben
FR2873855B1 (fr) * 2004-07-30 2006-12-08 Cnes Epic Materiau composite d'electrode negative, procede de fabrication, electrode negative et accumulateur lithium-ion
DE102005011908B9 (de) * 2005-01-11 2013-03-07 Dilo Trading Ag Anode für eine Lithium-Polymer-Batterie und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Anode
KR100736909B1 (ko) * 2006-02-02 2007-07-10 한국과학기술원 리튬 전지용 비수 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬이차전지
ATE516069T1 (de) 2006-02-16 2011-07-15 Basf Se Katalytisches verfahren für die phosphonylierung von hochtemperaturpolymeren
DE102009016214A1 (de) * 2009-04-03 2010-10-14 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Teilchenverbundwerkstoffes sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von Folien aus den Teilchenverbundwerkstoff und Bauteil, welches den Verbundwerkstoff umfasst
JP5352358B2 (ja) * 2009-07-03 2013-11-27 シャープ株式会社 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質及び非水電解質二次電池
US9084980B2 (en) * 2009-08-28 2015-07-21 Tosoh Corporation Zeolite for treatment of nonaqueous electrolytic solution and treatment method of nonaqueous electrolytic solution
FR2949907B1 (fr) * 2009-09-09 2011-11-25 Batscap Sa Procede de preparation d'un materiau composite pour electrode positive par extrusion en presence d'un solvant aqueux, electrode positive obtenue par le procede et applications
JP5299971B2 (ja) * 2009-10-27 2013-09-25 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 リチウムイオン二次電池用電極活物質及びその製造方法
FR2988225B1 (fr) * 2012-03-13 2014-03-28 Hutchinson Anode pour cellule de batterie lithium-ion, son procede de fabrication et cette batterie l'incorporant.
US10741842B2 (en) 2012-12-07 2020-08-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Solid-state battery
JP2016025027A (ja) * 2014-07-23 2016-02-08 トヨタ自動車株式会社 固体電池用正極の製造方法及び固体電池の製造方法、並びに、正極用スラリー
WO2016204253A1 (ja) * 2015-06-17 2016-12-22 出光興産株式会社 固体電解質の製造方法
US10781101B2 (en) 2015-06-17 2020-09-22 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Solid electrolyte production method using a multi-axial kneading machine
CN108780864B (zh) * 2016-03-03 2021-08-20 苹果公司 用于湿法层合和干法层合电池单元的粘结剂
US11289769B2 (en) 2016-03-03 2022-03-29 Apple Inc. Binders for wet and dry lamination of battery cells
US10873106B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2020-12-22 University Of Utah Research Foundation Composite solid electrolytes for lithium batteries
DE102016224420A1 (de) * 2016-12-08 2018-06-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Festelektrolyten
FR3071360B1 (fr) * 2017-09-18 2019-09-13 Blue Solutions Electrolyte polymere solide comprenant un polymere solvatant, un sel de lithium et un polymere halogene selectionne et batterie le comprenant
CN110148696B (zh) * 2019-05-10 2020-07-21 浙江大学 一种能防止锂枝晶的隔膜及可充放锂电池
CN110635090B (zh) * 2019-09-27 2022-04-29 宁德卓高新材料科技有限公司 高耐热性偏氟乙烯聚合物混涂隔膜的制备方法
CN112751138B (zh) * 2019-10-29 2023-04-28 珠海恩捷新材料科技有限公司 一种高性能的锂离子电池复合隔离膜
CN114075717B (zh) * 2021-11-11 2023-03-21 大连理工大学 一种静电纺丝制备磷化锡/碳黑纳米纤维自支撑负极材料的方法及其应用

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0970529A1 (de) 2000-01-12
DE59805317D1 (de) 2002-10-02
BR9808983A (pt) 2000-08-01
AU7210498A (en) 1998-10-22
ZA982550B (en) 1999-09-27
CN1257612A (zh) 2000-06-21
RU99122673A (ru) 2001-08-27
TW368760B (en) 1999-09-01
JP2001516496A (ja) 2001-09-25
DE19713072A1 (de) 1998-10-01
CA2285007A1 (en) 1998-10-08
WO1998044576A1 (de) 1998-10-08
KR20010005630A (ko) 2001-01-15
EP0970529B1 (de) 2002-08-28

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