ES2179785A1 - Turbina eolica autotimonante. - Google Patents

Turbina eolica autotimonante.

Info

Publication number
ES2179785A1
ES2179785A1 ES200101404A ES200101404A ES2179785A1 ES 2179785 A1 ES2179785 A1 ES 2179785A1 ES 200101404 A ES200101404 A ES 200101404A ES 200101404 A ES200101404 A ES 200101404A ES 2179785 A1 ES2179785 A1 ES 2179785A1
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
self
guiding
centre
rotor
thrust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
ES200101404A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
ES2179785B1 (es
Inventor
Antoune Ivan Lahuerta
Antoune Sebastian M Lahuerta
Antoune Maria Lahuerta
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to ES200101404A priority Critical patent/ES2179785B1/es
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP02740780A priority patent/EP1400688B1/en
Priority to CNB028138104A priority patent/CN1304753C/zh
Priority to PT02740780T priority patent/PT1400688E/pt
Priority to AT02740780T priority patent/ATE321947T1/de
Priority to DE60210279T priority patent/DE60210279T2/de
Priority to AU2002314219A priority patent/AU2002314219B2/en
Priority to PCT/ES2002/000303 priority patent/WO2002101234A1/es
Priority to MXPA03011528A priority patent/MXPA03011528A/es
Publication of ES2179785A1 publication Critical patent/ES2179785A1/es
Priority to US10/733,429 priority patent/US6974307B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2179785B1 publication Critical patent/ES2179785B1/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • F03D7/0208—Orientating out of wind
    • F03D7/0212—Orientating out of wind the rotating axis remaining horizontal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • F03D7/0208—Orientating out of wind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • F03D7/0208—Orientating out of wind
    • F03D7/0216—Orientating out of wind the rotating axis changing to vertical position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/915—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable
    • F05B2240/9152—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable by being hinged
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

Turbina eólica, de ejecución barlovento o sotavento, de estructura autotimonante formada por dos vigas paralelas armadas a modo de "enrejado" cuyo centro de empuje lateral queda desplazado del eje de la columna donde se apoya y gira. Su rotor bipala en forma de diedro, es autoestable, por tener su centro de empuje detrás de su centro de gravedad y del eje de timonación de la turbina mejorando la autotimonación en marcha. El empuje axial es controlado, basculando cabeza y rotor, por contrapresión hidráulica, garantizando que no se superen la potencia captada y momentos sobre estructura, zapata y terreno. La estructura autotimonante puede bascular hidráulicamente descendiendo cabeza y rotor, facilitando su montaje y mantenimiento, a un nivel más bajo, pudiendo permanecer "acostada" cuando no produce, reduciendo su impacto visual. Esta turbina aprovecha la fuerza del viento para autocontrolarse, simplificando la fabricación de grandes turbinas conectadas a red o en aplicaciones aisladas.
ES200101404A 2001-06-12 2001-06-12 Turbina eolica autotimonante. Expired - Lifetime ES2179785B1 (es)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200101404A ES2179785B1 (es) 2001-06-12 2001-06-12 Turbina eolica autotimonante.
MXPA03011528A MXPA03011528A (es) 2001-06-12 2002-06-11 Turbina eolica autotimonante.
PT02740780T PT1400688E (pt) 2001-06-12 2002-06-11 Turbina eolica de orientacao automatica
AT02740780T ATE321947T1 (de) 2001-06-12 2002-06-11 Selbststeuernde windturbine
DE60210279T DE60210279T2 (de) 2001-06-12 2002-06-11 Selbststeuernde windturbine
AU2002314219A AU2002314219B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2002-06-11 Self-steering wind turbine
EP02740780A EP1400688B1 (en) 2001-06-12 2002-06-11 Self-steering wind turbine
CNB028138104A CN1304753C (zh) 2001-06-12 2002-06-11 自导向风力涡轮机
PCT/ES2002/000303 WO2002101234A1 (es) 2001-06-12 2002-06-11 Turbina eolica autotimonante
US10/733,429 US6974307B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2003-12-11 Self-guiding wind turbine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200101404A ES2179785B1 (es) 2001-06-12 2001-06-12 Turbina eolica autotimonante.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2179785A1 true ES2179785A1 (es) 2003-01-16
ES2179785B1 ES2179785B1 (es) 2006-10-16

Family

ID=8498094

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES200101404A Expired - Lifetime ES2179785B1 (es) 2001-06-12 2001-06-12 Turbina eolica autotimonante.

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US6974307B2 (es)
EP (1) EP1400688B1 (es)
CN (1) CN1304753C (es)
AT (1) ATE321947T1 (es)
AU (1) AU2002314219B2 (es)
DE (1) DE60210279T2 (es)
ES (1) ES2179785B1 (es)
MX (1) MXPA03011528A (es)
PT (1) PT1400688E (es)
WO (1) WO2002101234A1 (es)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007051879A1 (es) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-10 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Pala partida para aerogeneradores
WO2011000975A1 (es) * 2009-06-30 2011-01-06 Tempero 2000 S.L. Turbina eólica de par motor compensado
WO2015197876A1 (es) * 2014-06-27 2015-12-30 Nabrawind Sl Dispositivo para el cambio del angulo de inclinacion en aerogeneradores

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US7317260B2 (en) * 2004-05-11 2008-01-08 Clipper Windpower Technology, Inc. Wind flow estimation and tracking using tower dynamics
US7276809B2 (en) * 2006-01-04 2007-10-02 Aerovironment, Inc. Wind turbine assembly and related method
FR2902158B1 (fr) * 2006-06-07 2008-08-22 Societe Francaise Des Alizes Sarl Eolienne munie d'un mat articule
US7569943B2 (en) * 2006-11-21 2009-08-04 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Variable speed wind turbine drive and control system
CN100460669C (zh) * 2007-02-08 2009-02-11 上海交通大学 基于风向标和输出功率的风力机偏航控制方法
FR2918420B1 (fr) * 2007-07-02 2017-07-07 Serameca Eolienne dotee d'un mat rabattable
US20090167023A1 (en) * 2007-12-27 2009-07-02 Jacob Johannes Nies Forward leaning tower top section
FR2929345B1 (fr) * 2008-03-26 2017-06-23 Tecddis Dispositif de roulement pour nacelle d'eolienne
US7958731B2 (en) 2009-01-20 2011-06-14 Sustainx, Inc. Systems and methods for combined thermal and compressed gas energy conversion systems
US20100307156A1 (en) 2009-06-04 2010-12-09 Bollinger Benjamin R Systems and Methods for Improving Drivetrain Efficiency for Compressed Gas Energy Storage and Recovery Systems
US8479505B2 (en) 2008-04-09 2013-07-09 Sustainx, Inc. Systems and methods for reducing dead volume in compressed-gas energy storage systems
US7802426B2 (en) 2008-06-09 2010-09-28 Sustainx, Inc. System and method for rapid isothermal gas expansion and compression for energy storage
US7832207B2 (en) 2008-04-09 2010-11-16 Sustainx, Inc. Systems and methods for energy storage and recovery using compressed gas
US8240140B2 (en) 2008-04-09 2012-08-14 Sustainx, Inc. High-efficiency energy-conversion based on fluid expansion and compression
US8037678B2 (en) 2009-09-11 2011-10-18 Sustainx, Inc. Energy storage and generation systems and methods using coupled cylinder assemblies
US8448433B2 (en) 2008-04-09 2013-05-28 Sustainx, Inc. Systems and methods for energy storage and recovery using gas expansion and compression
US8359856B2 (en) 2008-04-09 2013-01-29 Sustainx Inc. Systems and methods for efficient pumping of high-pressure fluids for energy storage and recovery
US8225606B2 (en) 2008-04-09 2012-07-24 Sustainx, Inc. Systems and methods for energy storage and recovery using rapid isothermal gas expansion and compression
US8474255B2 (en) 2008-04-09 2013-07-02 Sustainx, Inc. Forming liquid sprays in compressed-gas energy storage systems for effective heat exchange
US8250863B2 (en) 2008-04-09 2012-08-28 Sustainx, Inc. Heat exchange with compressed gas in energy-storage systems
US8677744B2 (en) 2008-04-09 2014-03-25 SustaioX, Inc. Fluid circulation in energy storage and recovery systems
WO2010098814A1 (en) * 2009-02-28 2010-09-02 Ener2 Llc Improved wind energy device
WO2010105155A2 (en) 2009-03-12 2010-09-16 Sustainx, Inc. Systems and methods for improving drivetrain efficiency for compressed gas energy storage
US8104274B2 (en) 2009-06-04 2012-01-31 Sustainx, Inc. Increased power in compressed-gas energy storage and recovery
US20110044811A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 Bertolotti Fabio P Wind turbine as wind-direction sensor
US7891939B1 (en) * 2009-09-05 2011-02-22 Zuteck Michael D Hybrid multi-element tapered rotating tower
US8562300B2 (en) * 2009-09-14 2013-10-22 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Wind turbine with high solidity rotor
DE102009051117B4 (de) * 2009-10-28 2014-12-11 Voith Patent Gmbh Horizontalläufer-Turbine mit passiver Gierwinkel-Einstellvorrichtung
WO2011056855A1 (en) 2009-11-03 2011-05-12 Sustainx, Inc. Systems and methods for compressed-gas energy storage using coupled cylinder assemblies
GR1007431B (el) * 2010-01-08 2011-10-12 Μυρων Ιωαννη Νουρης Ανεμογεννητρια κατακορυφου αξονα με πτερυγια αναστολης υπερβολικης ταχυτητας
US8171728B2 (en) 2010-04-08 2012-05-08 Sustainx, Inc. High-efficiency liquid heat exchange in compressed-gas energy storage systems
US8191362B2 (en) 2010-04-08 2012-06-05 Sustainx, Inc. Systems and methods for reducing dead volume in compressed-gas energy storage systems
US8277184B2 (en) * 2010-04-22 2012-10-02 General Electric Company Tilt adjustment system
US8234863B2 (en) 2010-05-14 2012-08-07 Sustainx, Inc. Forming liquid sprays in compressed-gas energy storage systems for effective heat exchange
US8495872B2 (en) 2010-08-20 2013-07-30 Sustainx, Inc. Energy storage and recovery utilizing low-pressure thermal conditioning for heat exchange with high-pressure gas
US8578708B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2013-11-12 Sustainx, Inc. Fluid-flow control in energy storage and recovery systems
KR20140031319A (ko) 2011-05-17 2014-03-12 서스테인쓰, 인크. 압축 공기 에너지 저장 시스템 내의 효율적인 2상 열전달을 위한 시스템 및 방법
US20130091835A1 (en) 2011-10-14 2013-04-18 Sustainx, Inc. Dead-volume management in compressed-gas energy storage and recovery systems
US9046076B1 (en) * 2014-03-18 2015-06-02 Umm Al-Qura University Rail mounted wind turbine
CN105480407A (zh) * 2014-10-07 2016-04-13 姚元恺 旋转桨叶的叶端喷推技术
WO2016057107A1 (en) * 2014-10-11 2016-04-14 Richard Von Berg Spacer for wind turbine rotor blade
US10287006B1 (en) * 2015-12-18 2019-05-14 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Adjustable propeller blades for sound control
US9592910B1 (en) 2015-12-18 2017-03-14 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Geometrically reconfigurable propellers
US10370098B1 (en) * 2015-12-18 2019-08-06 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Adjustable propeller blade with sound flaps
EP4058670B1 (en) * 2019-11-12 2023-06-14 Vestas Wind Systems A/S A hinged blade wind turbine with tilted axis and/or coned rotor
CN114184807A (zh) * 2021-10-20 2022-03-15 华能中电威海风力发电有限公司 一种基于物联网的风速风向监测系统

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2916878A1 (de) * 1979-04-26 1980-11-06 Ernst Rogge Windkraftanlage
US4242043A (en) * 1977-07-22 1980-12-30 Poulsen Peder Ulrik Windmill
US4449889A (en) * 1983-01-20 1984-05-22 Belden Ralph A Windmill
US4533297A (en) * 1982-09-15 1985-08-06 Bassett David A Rotor system for horizontal axis wind turbines
US4630996A (en) * 1983-09-22 1986-12-23 Ken Hayashibara Windmill
DE4029932A1 (de) * 1990-09-21 1992-03-26 Siegfried Pretzsch Rohr-mast fuer windgeneratoren
ES2065803A2 (es) * 1992-02-24 1995-02-16 Antoune Ivan Lahuerta Turbina eolica pendular de potencia regulable por empuje axial.
WO2000036299A1 (de) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-22 Obec Domanín Anlage zur nutzung der windenergie

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US5295793A (en) * 1992-03-02 1994-03-22 Telect, Inc. Wind turbine

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4242043A (en) * 1977-07-22 1980-12-30 Poulsen Peder Ulrik Windmill
DE2916878A1 (de) * 1979-04-26 1980-11-06 Ernst Rogge Windkraftanlage
US4533297A (en) * 1982-09-15 1985-08-06 Bassett David A Rotor system for horizontal axis wind turbines
US4449889A (en) * 1983-01-20 1984-05-22 Belden Ralph A Windmill
US4630996A (en) * 1983-09-22 1986-12-23 Ken Hayashibara Windmill
DE4029932A1 (de) * 1990-09-21 1992-03-26 Siegfried Pretzsch Rohr-mast fuer windgeneratoren
ES2065803A2 (es) * 1992-02-24 1995-02-16 Antoune Ivan Lahuerta Turbina eolica pendular de potencia regulable por empuje axial.
WO2000036299A1 (de) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-22 Obec Domanín Anlage zur nutzung der windenergie

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007051879A1 (es) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-10 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Pala partida para aerogeneradores
ES2297998A1 (es) * 2005-10-28 2008-05-01 GAMESA INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY, S.L. Pala partida para aerogeneradores.
WO2011000975A1 (es) * 2009-06-30 2011-01-06 Tempero 2000 S.L. Turbina eólica de par motor compensado
US8841794B2 (en) 2009-06-30 2014-09-23 Tempero 2000 S.L. Wind turbine with compensated motor torque
EA022481B1 (ru) * 2009-06-30 2016-01-29 Темперо 2000 С.Л. Ветряная турбина с компенсацией вращающего момента
WO2015197876A1 (es) * 2014-06-27 2015-12-30 Nabrawind Sl Dispositivo para el cambio del angulo de inclinacion en aerogeneradores

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1400688A1 (en) 2004-03-24
US20040120801A1 (en) 2004-06-24
ATE321947T1 (de) 2006-04-15
DE60210279D1 (de) 2006-05-18
PT1400688E (pt) 2006-08-31
AU2002314219B2 (en) 2006-04-27
CN1526054A (zh) 2004-09-01
DE60210279T2 (de) 2006-12-14
ES2179785B1 (es) 2006-10-16
WO2002101234A1 (es) 2002-12-19
US6974307B2 (en) 2005-12-13
CN1304753C (zh) 2007-03-14
MXPA03011528A (es) 2004-10-28
EP1400688B1 (en) 2006-03-29

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