ES2167972T3 - Procedimiento para la obtencion de olefinas. - Google Patents
Procedimiento para la obtencion de olefinas.Info
- Publication number
- ES2167972T3 ES2167972T3 ES99105125T ES99105125T ES2167972T3 ES 2167972 T3 ES2167972 T3 ES 2167972T3 ES 99105125 T ES99105125 T ES 99105125T ES 99105125 T ES99105125 T ES 99105125T ES 2167972 T3 ES2167972 T3 ES 2167972T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- current
- stage
- buteno
- butadien
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-ene Chemical compound CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-HWKANZROSA-N (e)-pent-2-ene Chemical compound CC\C=C\C QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylacetylene Natural products CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000895 extractive distillation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004326 stimulated echo acquisition mode for imaging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
- B01D3/141—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column where at least one distillation column contains at least one dividing wall
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C11/00—Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C11/02—Alkenes
- C07C11/06—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
- C07C41/05—Preparation of ethers by addition of compounds to unsaturated compounds
- C07C41/06—Preparation of ethers by addition of compounds to unsaturated compounds by addition of organic compounds only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
- C07C7/148—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
- C07C7/163—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound by hydrogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/04—Alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- C07C2523/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- C07C2523/36—Rhenium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals
- C07C2523/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- C07C2523/42—Platinum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals
- C07C2523/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- C07C2523/44—Palladium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
- C07C2523/755—Nickel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
LA OBTENCION DE OLEFINAS A PARTIR DE CORRIENTES DE C 4 DE REFINERIA O DE CRAQUEADO DE VAPOR SE REALIZA MEDIANTE A) DESTILACION EXTRACTIVA OPCIONAL DE BUTADIENO A PARTIR DE LA CORRIENTE DE C 4 CON UN DISOLVENTE SELECTIVO DEL BUTADIENO, B) HIDROGENACION SELECTIVA DE BUTADIENOS Y CONTAMINACIONES ACETILENICAS EN LA CORRIENTE DE C 4 DE LA REFINERIA O DEL CR AQUEADO DE VAPOR, O A LA CORRIENTE DE LA ETAPA A), CON ISOMERIZACION SIMULTANEA O A CONTINUACION Y QUE SEA POR LO MENOS PARCIAL DEL 1 - BUTENO PARA DAR 2 - BUTENO, C) RETIRADA DE I - BUTENO DE LA CORRIENTE DE C 4 OBTENIDA EN LA ETAPA B) MEDIAN TE LA REACCION CON UN ALCOHOL PARA FORMAR UN ETER, D) SEPARACION DE CONTAMINACIONES OXIGENADAS DE LA CORRIENTE DE C 4 O BTENIDA EN LA ETAPA C) CON MATERIALES ADSORBENTES, E) METATESIS EN DOS ETAPAS DE LOS BUTENOS EN LA CORRIENTE DE C 4 OBTENIDA EN LA ETAPA D) MEDIANTE LA REACCION DE 1 BUTENO Y 2 - BUTENO QUE CONTIENE LA CORRIENTE DE C 4 PARA DAR PROPENO Y 2 - PENTENO, Y A CONTINUACION LA REACCION DE 2 PENTENO CON ETENO PARA DAR PROPENO Y 1 - BUTENO EN PRESENCIA DE UN CATALIZADOR DE METATESIS.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19813720A DE19813720A1 (de) | 1998-03-27 | 1998-03-27 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Olefinen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2167972T3 true ES2167972T3 (es) | 2002-05-16 |
Family
ID=7862657
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES99105125T Expired - Lifetime ES2167972T3 (es) | 1998-03-27 | 1999-03-26 | Procedimiento para la obtencion de olefinas. |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6166279A (es) |
EP (1) | EP0945415B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JPH11322637A (es) |
CN (1) | CN1235947A (es) |
CA (1) | CA2264305A1 (es) |
DE (2) | DE19813720A1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2167972T3 (es) |
TW (1) | TW467880B (es) |
Families Citing this family (60)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19728732A1 (de) * | 1997-07-04 | 1999-01-07 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Isobuten aus solches enthaltenden C¶4¶-Kohlenwasserstoffgemischen |
DE19932060A1 (de) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-01-18 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von C¶5¶-/C¶6¶-Olefinen |
US6562230B1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2003-05-13 | Chevron Usa Inc | Synthesis of narrow lube cuts from Fischer-Tropsch products |
FR2802921B1 (fr) * | 1999-12-24 | 2002-08-23 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Production d'isobutene de haute purete et de propylene a partir de coupes d'hydrocarbures a quatre atomes de carbone |
DE10000889C2 (de) * | 2000-01-12 | 2002-12-19 | Mg Technologies Ag | Verfahren zum Erzeugen von C¶2¶- und C¶3¶-Olefinen aus Kohlenwasserstoffen |
DE10013253A1 (de) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-20 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur flexiblen Herstellung von Propen und Hexen |
WO2002083609A1 (de) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-24 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von propen |
US20050124839A1 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2005-06-09 | Gartside Robert J. | Catalyst and process for the metathesis of ethylene and butene to produce propylene |
DE10206845A1 (de) * | 2002-02-19 | 2003-08-28 | Basf Ag | Modifiziertes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tensidalkoholen und Tensidalkoholethern, die hergestellten Produkte und ihre Verwendung |
US6777582B2 (en) | 2002-03-07 | 2004-08-17 | Abb Lummus Global Inc. | Process for producing propylene and hexene from C4 olefin streams |
DE10311139A1 (de) * | 2003-03-14 | 2004-09-23 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 1-Buten |
US7145049B2 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2006-12-05 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Oligomerization process |
DE10341614A1 (de) | 2003-09-10 | 2005-04-28 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Xylylendiamin (XDA) |
WO2005035469A1 (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-04-21 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Production of 1-alkenes from mixed olefin streams using catalytic distillation |
US6884917B1 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2005-04-26 | Equistar Chemicals, Lp | 1-butene production |
DE102005009596A1 (de) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-08-31 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Metathese umfassend die Reinigung der Ausgangsstoffe |
US20060235255A1 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2006-10-19 | Gartside Robert J | Double bond hydroisomerization process |
US7812185B2 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2010-10-12 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Metathesis process for preparing an alpha, omega-functionalized olefin |
US7459593B1 (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2008-12-02 | Uop Llc | Metathesis unit pretreatment process with formation of octene |
ATE508147T1 (de) * | 2006-02-23 | 2011-05-15 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyisobutylen mit einem gehalt an endständigen doppelbindungen von mehr als 50 aus einem technischen 1-buten-, 2- buten- und isobuten-haltigen c4- kohlenwasserstoffstrom |
WO2008041561A1 (fr) * | 2006-09-26 | 2008-04-10 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Procédé de production de propylène |
US7528290B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2009-05-05 | Uop Llc | Apparatuses and methods for separating butene-1 from a mixed C4 feed |
BRPI0814997A2 (pt) | 2007-08-09 | 2015-02-03 | Elevance Renewable Sciences | Métodos térmicos para tratamento de uma matéria-prima de metátese |
BRPI0814994A2 (pt) * | 2007-08-09 | 2015-02-03 | Elevance Renewable Sciences | Métodos químicos para tratamento de uma matéria-prima de metátese |
US9284515B2 (en) | 2007-08-09 | 2016-03-15 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Thermal methods for treating a metathesis feedstock |
US8487150B2 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2013-07-16 | Basf Se | Process for hydrogenating butadiyne |
US9157037B2 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2015-10-13 | Uop Llc | Process for improving flow properties of crude petroleum |
US8263008B2 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2012-09-11 | Uop Llc | Apparatus for improving flow properties of crude petroleum |
US8258357B2 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2012-09-04 | Lummus Technology Inc. | Production of propylene from butane |
US8178736B2 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2012-05-15 | Lummus Technology Inc. | Process and system for the production of isoprene |
EP3170802B1 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2019-06-19 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining and producing fuel from natural oil feedstocks |
US9051519B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2015-06-09 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Diene-selective hydrogenation of metathesis derived olefins and unsaturated esters |
US9365487B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2016-06-14 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Methods of refining and producing dibasic esters and acids from natural oil feedstocks |
US8704029B2 (en) | 2010-03-30 | 2014-04-22 | Uop Llc | Conversion of butylene to propylene under olefin metathesis conditions |
CN103030509B (zh) * | 2011-09-29 | 2015-06-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 碳四和乙烯制丙烯的方法 |
EP2788457B1 (de) * | 2011-12-05 | 2017-02-22 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur durchführung einer extraktivdestillation mit einem selektiven lösungsmittel, mit einem gereinigten dampfförmigen roh-c4-schnitt als einsatzstrom |
CN103086830B (zh) * | 2013-01-30 | 2015-04-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 生产丁二烯的方法 |
US20140296587A1 (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-02 | Uop Llc | Integrated Process for Increasing Butadiene Production |
EP3140270B1 (en) | 2014-05-07 | 2019-03-13 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Methods and systems for separating c4 crude streams |
ES2856957T3 (es) * | 2015-03-20 | 2021-09-28 | Smh Co Ltd | Proceso para metátesis de olefina |
US10487275B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2019-11-26 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process and system for conversion of crude oil to petrochemicals and fuel products integrating vacuum residue conditioning and base oil production |
US20180142167A1 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process and system for conversion of crude oil to chemicals and fuel products integrating steam cracking and fluid catalytic cracking |
US10472580B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2019-11-12 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process and system for conversion of crude oil to petrochemicals and fuel products integrating steam cracking and conversion of naphtha into chemical rich reformate |
US10472579B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2019-11-12 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process and system for conversion of crude oil to petrochemicals and fuel products integrating vacuum gas oil hydrocracking and steam cracking |
US10870807B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2020-12-22 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process and system for conversion of crude oil to petrochemicals and fuel products integrating steam cracking, fluid catalytic cracking, and conversion of naphtha into chemical rich reformate |
US10472574B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2019-11-12 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process and system for conversion of crude oil to petrochemicals and fuel products integrating delayed coking of vacuum residue |
US11066611B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2021-07-20 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | System for conversion of crude oil to petrochemicals and fuel products integrating vacuum gas oil hydrotreating and steam cracking |
US10407630B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2019-09-10 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process and system for conversion of crude oil to petrochemicals and fuel products integrating solvent deasphalting of vacuum residue |
US10487276B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2019-11-26 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process and system for conversion of crude oil to petrochemicals and fuel products integrating vacuum residue hydroprocessing |
US10619112B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2020-04-14 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process and system for conversion of crude oil to petrochemicals and fuel products integrating vacuum gas oil hydrotreating and steam cracking |
CN110869339A (zh) * | 2017-05-15 | 2020-03-06 | 德希尼布工艺技术股份有限公司 | 用于复分解方法的液体异构化 |
CN107417500A (zh) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-12-01 | 辽宁嘉合精细化工有限公司 | 一种混合碳四原料预处理方法及一种采用混合碳四为原料的生产工艺 |
US11161055B2 (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2021-11-02 | Sulzer Management Ag | Use of top dividing wall in isomerization unit |
CA3074603C (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2024-04-02 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Dual-dividing wall column with multiple products |
FR3074802B1 (fr) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-12-06 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede d'elimination simultanee d'isobutanal et d'acetone de charges olefiniques par adsorption sur un materiau zeolithique |
CN114433070B (zh) | 2020-10-20 | 2023-08-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 用于烯烃歧化反应的催化剂颗粒、制备方法及其应用 |
CN114456030B (zh) * | 2020-10-22 | 2024-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 混合碳四碳五物料的综合利用方法 |
CN114478161B (zh) * | 2020-10-23 | 2024-09-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 混合c4物流选择加氢的装置和方法 |
WO2023140986A1 (en) | 2022-01-19 | 2023-07-27 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Compositions containing tri-cyclopentadiene and processes for making same |
US11866397B1 (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2024-01-09 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process configurations for enhancing light olefin selectivity by steam catalytic cracking of heavy feedstock |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3660506A (en) * | 1970-01-26 | 1972-05-02 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Conversion of olefins |
FR2608595B1 (fr) * | 1986-12-17 | 1989-04-28 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de metathese d'olefines |
US5300718A (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1994-04-05 | Lyondell Petrochemical Company | Olefin conversion process |
GB9413783D0 (en) * | 1994-07-08 | 1994-08-24 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Olefin metathesis |
FR2733978B1 (fr) * | 1995-05-11 | 1997-06-13 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede et installation pour la conversion de coupes c4 et c5 olefiniques en ether et en propylene |
WO1997032838A1 (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1997-09-12 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Production of a high purity butene-1 product from butadiene-rich c4 stream |
ES2142649T3 (es) * | 1996-09-27 | 2000-04-16 | Basf Ag | Procedimiento para la obtencion de propeno. |
DE19640026A1 (de) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Propen |
-
1998
- 1998-03-27 DE DE19813720A patent/DE19813720A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-03-23 TW TW088104563A patent/TW467880B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-25 CA CA002264305A patent/CA2264305A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-03-25 US US09/275,784 patent/US6166279A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-26 ES ES99105125T patent/ES2167972T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-26 JP JP11084063A patent/JPH11322637A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-03-26 DE DE59900390T patent/DE59900390D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-26 EP EP99105125A patent/EP0945415B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-27 CN CN99105921A patent/CN1235947A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1235947A (zh) | 1999-11-24 |
CA2264305A1 (en) | 1999-09-27 |
DE19813720A1 (de) | 1999-09-30 |
EP0945415A1 (de) | 1999-09-29 |
TW467880B (en) | 2001-12-11 |
EP0945415B1 (de) | 2001-11-07 |
US6166279A (en) | 2000-12-26 |
DE59900390D1 (de) | 2001-12-13 |
JPH11322637A (ja) | 1999-11-24 |
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