EP4652266A1 - Biotin-produktion in mikroorganismen, die gene für pantothenatkinasen mit verminderter produkthemmung durch coenzym a exprimieren - Google Patents
Biotin-produktion in mikroorganismen, die gene für pantothenatkinasen mit verminderter produkthemmung durch coenzym a exprimierenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4652266A1 EP4652266A1 EP23798673.2A EP23798673A EP4652266A1 EP 4652266 A1 EP4652266 A1 EP 4652266A1 EP 23798673 A EP23798673 A EP 23798673A EP 4652266 A1 EP4652266 A1 EP 4652266A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- biotin
- coenzyme
- enzyme
- dtb
- feedback
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/18—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin
- C12P17/185—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C12P17/186—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms in the condensed system containing a 2-oxo-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol nucleus, e.g. Biotin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/70—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for E. coli
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/12—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
- C12N9/1205—Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (2.7.1), e.g. protein kinases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/10—Nitrogen as only ring hetero atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y207/00—Transferases transferring phosphorus-containing groups (2.7)
- C12Y207/01—Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (2.7.1)
- C12Y207/01033—Pantothenate kinase (2.7.1.33)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/185—Escherichia
- C12R2001/19—Escherichia coli
Definitions
- the invention provides a process for the production of biotin, dethiobiotin (DTB), or a mixture thereof, characterized in that a microbial production strain is cultivated which recombinantly expresses at least one coenzyme A feedback-resistant enzyme with the enzymatic activity of a pantothenate kinase (enzymatic activity of proteins of class EC 2.7.1.33), and then biotin or DTB or a mixture thereof is isolated.
- DTB dethiobiotin
- Biotin (D-biotin, vitamin B7, vitamin H, CAS number 58-85-5) is a water-soluble vitamin from the B complex. It plays an important role as a prosthetic group of enzymes in cellular metabolism, where it activates the otherwise inert CO2 in carboxylation reactions. Biotin-dependent enzymes include malonyl-CoA synthase, propionyl-coA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, and geranyl-coA carboxylase. Biotin is a vitamin of great commercial importance as an additive in food supplements, animal feed, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical sector.
- Dethiobiotin (desthiobiotin, DTB, CAS number 533-48-2) is the biosynthetic precursor of biotin. Biotin is formed by the enzymatically catalyzed incorporation of sulfur into DTB. The microbial biosynthesis of biotin and the regulation of its biosynthesis are known (see review Sirithanakorn and Cronan, 2021, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 45: fuab003). The biosynthesis of biotin in microorganisms is strictly regulated, so that no biotin can be detected in a wild-type strain with a functional biotin biosynthesis pathway (see also the examples of the present invention).
- the functional biotin biosynthesis pathway is demonstrated by the fact that the wild-type strain grows on a minimal medium (defined mineral salt medium without biotin) can grow without biotin supplementation, while a biotin-auxotrophic mutant of the strain does not grow under the same conditions.
- a minimal medium defined mineral salt medium without biotin
- biotin-auxotrophic mutant of the strain does not grow under the same conditions.
- Biotin biosynthesis is subject to strict regulation, and the biotin synthesized by the microorganism is immediately incorporated into the relevant enzymes as a cofactor and is not present in a free form. Furthermore, microorganisms can absorb biotin from the environment, and with a sufficient supply of biotin, e.g., from a culture medium, biotin synthesis, which is metabolically costly for the microorganism, is completely shut down. Thus, a WT strain will not produce its own biotin even with sufficient external supply.
- Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5, CAS number 79-83-4 for the R-form, CAS number 5999-54-2 for the racemate, CAS number 137-08-6 for the Ca salt) is the central biosynthetic precursor of coenzyme A (CoA), which serves in metabolism to activate acyl groups (e.g., as acetyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, or malonyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle, fatty acid synthesis, or fatty acid oxidation).
- CoA coenzyme A
- the biosynthesis of CoA is well known (see review by Leonardi and Jackowski, 2007, EcoSal Plus, 2).
- Coenzyme A is produced from pantothenic acid via five enzymatic steps.
- the first step of coenzyme A biosynthesis is described by the following equation: (1) catalyzed by the enzyme pantothenate kinase (EC 2.7.1.33, referred to as CoaA, CoaA enzyme or PanK).
- pantothenate kinase EC 2.7.1.33, referred to as CoaA, CoaA enzyme or PanK.
- Type I CoaA is represented, for example, by the enzyme from E. coli.
- the activity of type I CoaA is feedback-inhibited by coenzyme A or its CoA thioester.
- Type II CoaA enzymes are represented by the Staphylococcus aureus enzyme, which is not feedback-inhibited.
- Type III CoaA enzymes are represented by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa enzyme, which is also not feedback-inhibited.
- the microorganisms that express type II and type III CoaA enzymes are primarily pathogenic bacteria, whose genes one wants to avoid as much as possible in metabolic engineering. The influence of type I, type II, or type III CoaA enzymes on biotin synthesis has not yet been investigated.
- pantothenate kinase which represents type I CoaA
- pantothenate kinase is encoded by the coaA gene.
- the activity of the CoaA enzyme is inhibited by coenzyme A, the end product of the biosynthetic pathway.
- Coenzyme A is thus an inhibitor of the CoaA enzyme.
- This form of product inhibition is characteristic of many metabolic pathways in microorganisms such as E. coli, ensuring that a microorganism produces only as much of the metabolite (in this case, coenzyme A) as is needed by the organism.
- Pantothenate kinase is therefore the key enzyme for coenzyme A biosynthesis.
- the aim of the investigations by Rock et al. was to produce mutants of the CoaA enzyme with reduced feedback inhibition of the enzyme activity by coenzyme A.
- reduced feedback inhibition is used in the present invention synonymously with the term “increased feedback resistance” (feedback resistance or feedback-resistant, abbreviated to fbr).
- fbr mutants of the CoaA are also referred to as coenzyme A feedback-resistant mutants of the CoaA
- pantothenate kinase enzyme, or pantothenate kinase.
- the WT CoaA enzyme is characterized by the fact that its enzyme activity in the presence of 20 ⁇ M coenzyme A is only approximately 40% of the activity of the WT CoaA enzyme without added coenzyme A. Coenzyme A is therefore an inhibitor of the WT CoaA enzyme.
- the so-called inhibitor constant IC 50 indicates the concentration of an inhibitor at which the activity of an enzyme is only 50% of its activity without the inhibitor. According to Rock et al. (Fig. 4A), the IC 50 for the CoaA enzyme from E. coli is therefore less than 20 ⁇ M.
- Point mutants of the CoaA enzyme which were mutated in one of the three amino acids R106 (fbr mutant CoaA [R106A]), H177 (fbr mutant CoaA [H177Q]), and F247 (fbr mutant CoaA [F247V]), were characterized by the fact that they no longer exhibited product inhibition towards coenzyme A (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 4A in Rock et al.). The fbr mutants were characterized with regard to their enzymatic properties.
- biotin is currently produced chemically.
- a thirteen-step synthesis starting from fumaric acid is known.
- a biotechnological process for producing biotin is of great interest.
- biotechnological approaches for the production of biotin production strains primarily target the recombinant expression of the various biotin biosynthetic genes, namely the bioA, bioB, bioC, bioD, bioF, and bioH genes, or their functionally analogous genes.
- biotin biosynthetic genes namely the bioA, bioB, bioC, bioD, bioF, and bioH genes, or their functionally analogous genes.
- HTS high-throughput screening
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a process for the fermentative production of biotin or its biosynthetic precursor dethiobiotin.
- the object is achieved by a process for the production of biotin, dethiobiotin (DTB), or a mixture thereof, characterized in that a microbial production strain is cultivated which recombinantly expresses at least one coenzyme A feedback-resistant enzyme with the enzymatic activity of a pantothenate kinase (enzymatic activity of proteins of class EC 2.7.1.33), and then biotin or DTB or a mixture thereof is isolated.
- DTB dethiobiotin
- the gene recombinantly expressed in the production strain which expresses a coenzyme A feedback-resistant enzyme with the enzymatic activity of a pantothenate kinase (enzymatic activity of proteins of class EC 2.7.1.33), may be a
- WT gene encoding a CoaA enzyme not inhibited by coenzyme A feedback (e.g. encoding a pantothenate kinase type II or III), wherein the WT gene is either homologously overexpressed in the strain of origin or heterologously expressed in a strain other than the one from which it was isolated, with heterologous expression being preferred, or
- mutated gene which in its wt form encodes a CoaA enzyme inhibited by coenzyme A feedback, which encodes a feedback-resistant CoaA enzyme due to the mutation.
- the method is characterized in that the gene expressing the coenzyme A feedback-resistant enzyme with pantothenate kinase activity is a mutated gene that, in its wt form, encodes a coenzyme A feedback-inhibited CoaA enzyme. It is preferred that the pantothenate kinase is a bacterial type I CoaA.
- pantothenate kinases are accessible, for example, in the NCBI database under the search term “pantothenate kinase”.
- pantothenate kinases covered by the invention are pantothenate kinases selected from Escherichia coli, Pantoea ananatis, Raoultella terrigena, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Pasturella multocida, Haemeophilus influenzae, Actinobacillus actinomycetemocomitans, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Yersinia pestis, Vibrio cholerae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Corynebacterium diptheriae, and Streptomyces coelicolor. Protein and gene sequences of the selected pantothenate kinases can be found in sequence databases familiar to the expert, such as the NC
- terrigena leads to the deregulation of biotin biosynthesis, thereby producing more biotin and its biosynthetic precursor DTB than is required for the viability of the microorganism. This results in freely available biotin and DTB.
- the freely available biotin and DTB are exported (secreted) from the cell, so that the two products can be easily isolated from the cell culture supernatant after separation of the biomass.
- pantothenate kinase that is feedback-inhibited in its wt form by coenzyme A, which has been mutated to a feedback-resistant enzyme to deregulate biotin biosynthesis.
- the pantothenate kinase is particularly preferably CoaA from E. coli.
- a great advantage of the present invention is that a process is provided for the fermentative production of biotin and/or DTB by using microorganism strains which are known feedback-resistant mutants of the CoaA
- Metabolic engineering in contrast to biotransformation, is a biotechnology method in which an organism's metabolic pathways are modified by optimizing or altering genetic and regulatory processes. By supplementing the genome with enzyme genes, new or modified enzymes can be introduced into an organism, or genes of endogenous enzymes can be expressed in an increased or weakened form, thereby establishing new metabolic pathways in an organism or strengthening or weakening existing metabolic pathways.
- the goal of metabolic engineering is for the organism to produce either a new metabolic product or a cellular metabolic product with increased yield.
- a nutrient medium also referred to as a culture medium, which is required for the growth of the organism in question and is composed of a C source (e.g., glucose), an N source (e.g., an ammonium salt or a complex amino acid mixture such as peptone or yeast extract), and other salts required for growth.
- C source e.g., glucose
- N source e.g., an ammonium salt or a complex amino acid mixture such as peptone or yeast extract
- the production strains disclosed in the present invention for the production of biotin and DTB originate from metabolic engineering approaches.
- biotransformation is defined as the conversion of one or more reactants into a product under enzymatic catalysis, whereby the enzyme substrate is added to a reaction mixture with the enzyme and converted enzymatically.
- the Enzymatic conversion of DTB to biotin is a biotransformation.
- the open reading frame (ORF, synonymous with cds, coding sequence) is the region of DNA or RNA that begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon and codes for the amino acid sequence of a protein.
- the ORF is also referred to as the coding region or structural gene.
- a gene, or expression unit is the DNA segment that contains all the basic information for producing biologically active RNA.
- a gene contains the DNA segment from which a single-stranded RNA copy is produced through transcription, and the expression signals involved in regulating this copying process.
- the expression signals include at least a promoter, a transcription start site, a translation start site, and a ribosome binding site (RBS). Further possible expression signals include a terminator and one or more operators.
- bacterial proteins such as CoaA or PanK begin with a capital letter, while the sequences encoding these proteins (cds) are denoted by a lowercase letter (e.g., coaA or panK).
- cds sequences encoding these proteins
- a lowercase letter e.g., coaA or panK
- the promoters controlling the expression of these cds are denoted by a lowercase letter (e.g., tac promoter).
- a gene construct is a DNA molecule produced by cloning that contains at least one expression unit and may also contain other genetic elements, such as selection markers and the origin of replication.
- the gene construct can be a linear DNA molecule integrated into the genome or a circular DNA molecule in the form of a plasmid, also known as a vector. This vector is then referred to as an expression vector.
- the genetic elements of the vector When introduced (transformed) into a suitable host strain, the genetic elements of the vector cause its extrachromosomal inheritance during cell growth and the production of the protein encoded by the cds.
- a promoter is a nucleotide sequence located upstream of the 5' end of the cds, which enables the expression of a cds.
- the promoter is located upstream of the coding region in the direction of synthesis.
- the promoter contains regions that determine the start of transcription of the gene by RNA polymerase and can also mediate the specific interaction with DNA-binding proteins (transcription factors) that influence transcription strength.
- all promoters active in the host strain are suitable. This includes, for example, all native promoters of the approximately 5000 genes in E. coli, but also non-native ones (e.g.
- Preferred promoters are native promoters from a strain of the Enterobacteriaceae family and artificial promoters such as the tac promoter, particularly preferred are native promoters from E. coli and artificial promoters such as the tac promoter.
- the tac promoter as described, for example, in De Boer et al. (1983), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 21-25, Fig. 2 (referred to therein as PtacI), is particularly preferred.
- mRNA also called messenger RNA
- messenger RNA is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) that carries the genetic information for building a protein.
- RNA ribonucleic acid
- the mRNA molecule carries the message from the genetic information (DNA) necessary for protein construction to the protein-building ribosomes. In a cell, it is formed as a transcript of a subset of a gene. section of DNA. The genetic information stored in the DNA is not changed.
- homologous genes or homologous DNA sequences are understood to mean that the nucleotide sequences of these genes or DNA segments are at least 70%, preferably at least 80% and particularly preferably at least 90% identical.
- the degree of DNA identity is determined using the "nucleotide blast” program, available at http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, which is based on the blastn algorithm.
- the preset parameters were used as algorithm parameters for aligning two or more nucleotide sequences.
- Homologous protein sequences mean that the amino acid sequences of these proteins or protein segments are at least 70%, preferably at least 80% and particularly preferably at least 90% identical.
- the default parameters were used as algorithm parameters for an alignment of two or more protein sequences.
- Recombinantly expressed proteins are those produced using genetically modified microorganisms or genetically modified cell cultures.
- Homologous expression means that a DNA segment (e.g. gene, cds or gene fragment) is recombinantly expressed in the microorganism from which it was isolated.
- a DNA segment e.g. gene, cds or gene fragment
- Heterologous expression means that a DNA segment (e.g. gene, cds or gene fragment) is recombinantly expressed in a different microorganism than the one from which it was isolated.
- a DNA segment e.g. gene, cds or gene fragment
- Wt wild type gene
- a wild-type gene is the form of a gene that has naturally evolved through evolution and is present in the wild-type genome.
- the DNA sequence of Wt genes is publicly available in databases such as NCBI.
- Mutants are defined as the states of a gene that can be converted into one another by changes in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA.
- the gene naturally occurring in a microorganism is referred to as the wild-type gene, and the variants derived from it are referred to as mutated genes.
- the mutants of the present invention are point mutants, in which the DNA sequence of the gene is altered in such a way that only one amino acid of the protein sequence changes.
- Recombinant expression of the CoaA enzyme is achieved by culturing the production strain.
- the culture can be carried out on a laboratory scale by shake flask cultivation or on an industrial scale by fermentation, and the pantothenate kinase Activity can be examined from an aliquot of the resulting culture broth, i.e., the term "culture” is the generic term for cultivation in shake flasks or by fermentation.
- Cell cultivation on an industrial scale is preferably carried out by fermentation.
- Fermentation is a process step for the production (cultivation) of cell cultures on an industrial scale, in which a preferred microbial production strain is induced to grow under defined conditions of culture medium, temperature, pH, oxygen supply, and medium mixing. If all components of the fermentation are determined at the beginning of the cultivation and then not changed, this is referred to as batch fermentation.
- media components such as e.g.
- feed process If glucose (C source) or a complex amino acid mixture such as yeast extract (N source) is continuously added as a so-called feed, this is referred to as a fed-batch fermentation (so-called feed process).
- Fed-batch fermentation can optimize the formation of biomass and target product.
- the aim of fermentation is, depending on the configuration (genetic makeup) of the production strain, the production of a protein/enzyme or a metabolite, in each case with the highest possible yield for further use.
- the product biotin can be produced by fermentation.
- the end product of fermentation is a fermenter broth consisting of the biomass of the cells of the production strain (fermenter cells) and the fermentation medium (fermentation supernatant) freed of the biomass, which was formed during fermentation from the culture medium and the metabolites secreted by the fermenter cells.
- the culture medium which is defined by its chemical composition
- the composition of the fermentation medium is not clearly defined due to the unpredictable formation of metabolic products.
- the product biotin is produced by fermentation.
- Biotin and/or DTB can be used directly from the fermenter broth without further processing steps or can be enriched or purified using known methods. Such methods are known to the person skilled in the art, for example, from processes for
- Isolation of amino acids is known. These include, for example, filtration, centrifugation, extraction, adsorption, ion exchange chromatography, precipitation, and crystallization.
- the use according to the invention of feedback-resistant pantothenate kinases for the production of biotin and/or DTB comprises the use of a recombinant microorganism strain, wherein the microorganism strain is also referred to as a microbial production strain.
- Production strain is a microorganism strain that can produce the desired product, in this case biotin and/or DTB, and by definition comprises a microorganism, referred to as host strain, and at least one gene construct.
- a production strain for the production of biotin and/or DTB is characterized in that it contains a gene construct which comprises an expression unit, at least comprising the cds of a feedback-resistant pantothenate kinase, preferably the cds of a feedback-resistant mutant of a pantothenate kinase which is feedback-sensitive in its WT form, each functionally linked to a promoter.
- the production strain is preferably characterized in that the gene construct is an expression vector.
- biotin biosynthesis pathway is genetically defined by the genes bioA (7,8-diaminononanoate transaminase, enzymatic activity of proteins of class EC 2.6.1.62), bioB (biotin synthase, EC 2.8.1.6), and bioC (Malonyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.197), bioD (Dethiobiotin synthase, EC 6.3.3.3), bioF (8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase, EC 2.3.1.47), and bioH (Pimeloyl-[Acyl-Carrier Protein] Methylester Esterase, EC 3.1.1.85) or by genes functionally analogous to these genes.
- biotin biosynthesis pathway An overview of the biotin biosynthesis pathway is provided by the KEGG Pathway Database under the entry "Biotin Metabolism.” Microorganisms with a biotin biosynthesis pathway are also capable of growing in a biotin-free culture medium without biotin supplementation.
- the gene expressing a coenzyme A feedback-resistant enzyme with the enzymatic activity of a pantothenate kinase is preferably a bacterial gene, particularly preferably a bacterial gene from the Enterobacteriaceae family and especially preferably the coaA gene of Escherichia coli.
- the coenzyme A feedback-resistant mutants of pantothenate kinase are mutants of the E. coli coaA gene with a cds selected from SEQ ID NO: 3, encoding a protein with
- SEQ ID NO: 8 or a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 80% and especially preferably at least 90% identical thereto, which encodes a protein with pantothenate kinase activity which is feedback-resistant to coenzyme A.
- the method is preferably characterized in that the coenzyme A feedback-resistant enzyme with the enzymatic activity of a pantothenate kinase has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 8 or an amino acid sequence which is at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 80% and especially preferably at least 90% identical thereto. it is particularly preferred that the amino acid sequence of the enzyme comprises the mutation R106A.
- the coenzyme A feedback-resistant mutant of pantothenate kinase is the mutant of the E. coli coaA gene with the cds SEQ ID NO: 3.
- the method is accordingly preferably characterized in that the enzyme has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
- the amino acid sequence of the WT protein of the pantothenate kinase which has then been mutated to CoA feedback-resistant amino acid sequence contains a conserved amino acid sequence motif selected from the following peptide sequences: i) Peptide sequence GSVAVGKST (TS)(AS)R (VLI)LQX (LI)L, as indicated, for example, in the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 from position 95 to 112, where T at position 104 of SEQ ID NO: 2 can also be an S, A at position 105 of SEQ ID NO: 2 can also be an S, V at position 107 of SEQ ID NO: 2 can also be an L or
- I and L at position 111 of SEQ ID NO: 2 can also be an I, or ii) peptide sequence AP(VI)YSH(X)(X)YD, as shown, for example, in the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 from positions 172 to 181, where V at position 174 of SEQ ID NO: 2 can be an I, the amino acids L at position 178 and I at position 179 of SEQ ID NO: 2 are not conserved, or
- amino acid sequence motif is defined as a short amino acid sequence within the protein sequence of a protein that occurs in many homologous sequences of other microorganisms and denotes a sequence section that is important for the function of the protein.
- a conserved amino acid sequence motif can also contain individual amino acids that are replaced by one or two other amino acids in homologous sequences. In peptides i) to iii), these amino acids are explicitly named and preferred. Non-conserved amino acids can be any amino acid and are designated by the wildcard X and are not preferred. Peptide ii), for example, contains two non-conserved amino acids.
- the amino acid sequence is represented in a one-letter code, as is familiar to the person skilled in the art.
- the WT protein sequence comprises the
- the WT protein sequence of the pantothenate kinase then mutated to CoA feedback-resistant comprises the amino acid sequence motif GSVAVGKST (TS)(AS)R(VLI)LQX (LI)L, as indicated, for example, in the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 from position 95 to 112.
- pantothenate kinase enzyme activity test can be carried out as follows: i) Preparation of the enzyme to be tested:
- An enzyme produced by cultivation in a shake flask or in a fermentation can be used in the reaction as follows: as an aliquot from the not further processed
- the total protein concentration obtained in each case can be determined, for example, with a commercially available Qubit 3.0 fluorometer from Thermo Fisher Scientific using the "Qubit® Protein Assay Kit” according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- ii) Determination of pantothenate kinase enzyme activity The test is carried out according to a test described by Strauss and Begley (2002), J. Biol. Chem.
- pantothenate kinase enzyme reaction according to equation (1) (consumes ATP to form ADP) is related to the reaction of pyruvate kinase, equation (2) (consumes phosphoenolpyruvate in the test by reaction with the phosphoenolpyruvate in the pantothenate kinase
- reaction formed ADP with formation of pyruvate and ATP) and lactate dehydrogenase, equation (3) (reduces pyruvate to lactate with consumption of NADH).
- a solution buffered with Tris-HCl to pH 7.6 contains the following test components (final concentration in the solution in brackets): ATP (1.5 mM), NADH (0.3 mM), phosphoenolpyruvate (0.5 mM), MgCl 2 x 7 H 2 O (10 mM), KCl (20 mM), pyruvate kinase (5 units/ml), lactate dehydrogenase (5 units/ml), and pantothenate kinase from i).
- the amount of pantothenate kinase used from i) depends on the degree of purification.
- test broth If culture broth, cell suspension of the reisolated cells, cell homogenate, or cell extract is used, at least 0.1 mg of the enzyme fractions prepared in i) is used.
- purified enzyme at least 5 pg of the purified enzyme fraction is used.
- the test volume is 1 ml.
- the temperature at which the test is carried out is 25°C.
- the test mixture is placed in a 1 ml cuvette in a spectrophotometer set to a wavelength of 340 nm.
- the reaction is started by the addition of Ca pantothenate (160 ⁇ M final concentration). The measurement takes 5 minutes.
- the decrease in absorbance at 340 nm indicates the activity of pantothenate kinase according to equations (1) to (3).
- a ⁇ E at 340 nm of at least 0.02 is required after five minutes.
- I has the enzyme activity of an enzyme designated EC 2.7.1.33 in the KEGG database, which catalyses the reaction of pantothenic acid to 4'-phosphopantothenate according to equation (1),
- Pantothenate kinase can originate from the same microbial strain as the host strain (homologous pantothenate kinase) or it can be a foreign gene (heterologous pantothenate kinase), either synthetically produced (including the resulting adaptation of the cds to expression in the host strain through so-called codon optimization) or isolated from strains other than the host strain.
- the homologous gene of a pantothenate kinase is preferred.
- Preferred variants of pantothenate kinase exhibit feedback inhibition by coenzyme A that is reduced by at least a factor of 5 compared to the corresponding wild-type enzyme.
- Particularly preferred CoaA variants exhibit feedback inhibition by coenzyme A that is reduced by at least a factor of 10 compared to the corresponding wild-type enzyme.
- Particularly preferred CoaA variants exhibit no feedback inhibition by coenzyme A.
- the factor of reduced feedback inhibition by coenzyme A is determined by a CoaA enzyme test as described above, for example.
- the enzyme test is carried out without and in the presence of different concentrations of coenzyme A, and the respective enzyme activity is determined.
- a reference relationship is thus established between enzyme activity and the coenzyme A concentration in the enzyme test (referred to as the control).
- the enzyme activity of a WT enzyme without added coenzyme A is defined as 100% activity, and the coenzyme A concentration at which 50% activity is still measured is defined as the IC 50 (concentration of the inhibitor CoA in the test at which 50% of the enzyme activity is still measured without the addition of CoA).
- the IC 50 is determined analogously for each mutant.
- the factor of reduced feedback inhibition is determined by comparing the IC 50 of the mutant is divided by the IC 50 of the WT enzyme. For example, if a WT CoaA enzyme has an IC 50 for coenzyme A of 20 ⁇ M and the CoaA mutant has an IC 50 of 100 ⁇ M, the factor of reduced feedback inhibition is five. If the IC 50 of a mutant is determined to be 200 ⁇ M coenzyme A, the factor of reduced feedback inhibition is ten.
- this mutant is defined as not feedback inhibitable by coenzyme A and shows no feedback inhibition by coenzyme A.
- CoaA[H177Q] histidine of the E. coli CoaA enzyme at position 177 replaced by glutamine, referred to as fbr mutant CoaA-H177Q.
- CoaA[F247V] phenylalanine of the E. coli CoaA enzyme at position 247 replaced by valine, referred to as fbr mutant CoaA-
- Microorganism strains suitable as production strains include bacterial strains selected from the families Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Bacillaceae, or Gammaproteobacteria, as well as yeasts (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica) or fungi (e.g., Aspergillus niger).
- the method is preferably characterized in that the microbial production strain is a bacterial strain, particularly preferably a strain of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
- the bacterial strain is preferably selected from the group consisting of Corynebacterium ssp. (such as, particularly preferably, C.
- the method is preferably characterized in that the microbial production strain is a strain of the species Escherichia coli, Raoultella terrigena or Pantoea ananatis and especially preferably of the species Escherichia coli.
- the microorganism is the strain E. coli K12 W3110, commercially available under the strain number DSM 5911 from the DSMZ
- a production strain containing a gene construct comprising an expression unit for a feedback-resistant mutant of a pantothenate kinase and thus for biotin and DTB
- the expression unit preferably contains at least one cds selected from the group of feedback-resistant mutants a), b) or c), particularly preferably selected from a) or c) and especially preferably the mutant a) of the coaA gene: a)
- the production strain comprises the cds of a modified coaA-
- the conserved arginine is arginine at position 106 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, whereby the arginine can be mutated to all other 19 of the 20 natural amino acids, provided that the mutant still has pantothenate kinase activity but is no longer inhibited by coenzyme A.
- the conserved arginine is arginine at position 106 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, whereby the arginine is mutated to alanine (mutation R106A).
- the production strain comprises the cds of an altered coaA-
- Pantothenate kinase activity is no longer present
- the conserved histidine is preferably histidine at position 177 of the
- Amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 wherein the histidine can be mutated to any of the other 19 of the 20 natural amino acids, provided that the mutant still possesses pantothenate kinase activity but is no longer inhibited by coenzyme A.
- the conserved histidine is histidine at position 177 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, wherein the histidine is mutated to glutamine.
- the production strain comprises the cds of a modified coaA-
- Pantothenate kinase activity is no longer present
- the conserved phenylalanine is phenylalanine of position 247 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, whereby the phenylalanine can be mutated to all other 19 of the 20 natural amino acids, provided that the mutant still
- Coenzyme A is inhibited.
- the conserved phenylalanine is phenylalanine of position 247 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, wherein the phenylalanine is mutated to valine (mutation F247V).
- the mutant encoding pantothenate kinase is either present extrachromosomally on a vector in the microorganism strain (plasmid-encoded) or is integrated into the genome of the microorganism strain (genome-encoded).
- the cds encoding the feedback-resistant mutant of pantothenate kinase is present extrachromosomally on a vector in the microorganism strain (plasmid-encoded).
- the cds of the E. coli coaA-WT gene coaA-wt, SEQ ID NO:
- coaA-cds are each functionally linked to the tac promoter, so that their expression occurs under the control of the tac promoter.
- the production of a production strain is carried out in a known manner by transforming the gene construct according to the invention into a preferred microorganism (host strain), preferably the gene construct pcoaA-R106A, pcoaA-H177Q or pcoaA-F247V, particularly preferably the gene construct pcoaA-R106A or pcoaA-F247V and especially preferably the gene construct pcoaA-R106A.
- a preferred microorganism preferably the gene construct pcoaA-R106A, pcoaA-H177Q or pcoaA-F247V, particularly preferably the gene construct pcoaA-R106A or pcoaA-F247V and especially preferably the gene construct pcoaA-R106A.
- Preferred host strains for producing a production strain are selected from strains of the species Escherichia coli, Pantoea ananatis, or Raoultella terrigena, particularly preferably the strains E. coli K12 W3110 DSM 5911, Pantoea ananatis DSM30080, or Raoultella terrigena DSM2687. These strains are commercially available from DSMZ GmbH.
- the host strain is the strain E. coli K12 W3110 DSM 5911.
- Preferred production strains are the strains disclosed in Example 2 of the present invention:
- the production strain is particularly preferred:
- the production of biotin and/or its biosynthetic precursor DTB is carried out by cultivating a production strain according to the invention in a culture medium.
- Shake flask culture is used to cultivate microorganisms on a laboratory scale, in contrast to production-scale fermentation. While shake flask culture also requires a specific medium and pH, and cultures are carried out in the presence of oxygen and with constant agitation (shaking), more defined conditions regarding the medium, temperature, pH, oxygen supply, and medium mixing can be adjusted and regulated in the fermenter. Culture on a smaller scale, for example, in a shake flask, can also be used as a pre-culture for inoculating a larger-scale culture, for example, in a fermenter.
- the production scale in fermentation typically starts at 0.5 L batch volume and can reach 100,000 L or more.
- the production scale in shake flask culture typically ranges from 10 ml to 1000 ml batch volume.
- Yield as defined in the invention, is defined as the amount of product obtained by culturing a production strain. The yield can be expressed as an absolute amount of product (mmol or g, or mg) or as a volume yield (concentration) in the amount of product relative to the volume (mM or g/L, or mg/L).
- the fermentation products can be present in the fermenter cells and/or in the fermentation medium.
- biotin and DTB are found exclusively in the fermentation medium within the detection limit. Therefore, only the biotin and DTB produced by secretion into the fermentation medium are considered.
- the method is preferably characterized in that the biotin content in the fermentation supernatant, based on the biotin content in the fermentation mixture, is above 70%, preferably above 80%, and particularly preferably above 90%.
- the biotin/DTB content in the fermentation supernatant corresponds to the extracellular (secreted) biotin/DTB.
- the biotin/DTB content in the fermentation mixture is the sum of the extracellular and intracellular biotin/DTB content, also referred to as the total biotin/DTB content.
- the extracellular portion of biotin and DTB is determined as in
- Example 3 (Sample Preparation). The intracellular content of biotin and DTB is determined as described in
- Example 8 describes the detection limit of 0.1 mg/L biotin and 0.1 mg/L DTB, respectively.
- the expression of a feedback-resistant mutant of pantothenate kinase in a production strain according to the invention is characterized by the fact that both biotin and DTB are synthesized in the cells of the microorganism and secreted from the cells.
- the great advantage of dispensing biotin and DTB from the production strain into the culture medium is that the volume in which biotin and DTB can accumulate is not limited to the small volume of the cell contents (cystosol). This prevents high intracellular product concentrations from leading to toxic
- Products can be isolated directly from the fermentation supernatant without the need for complex mechanical or chemical disruption of the cells. How biotin and DTB are secreted from the production strain is unknown. It may be a passive mechanism, with the products diffusing through the cell membranes, or one or more transport proteins may be involved in the secretion.
- fermentation or shake flask cultivation of a recombinant production strain according to the invention comprising a host strain transformed with a
- Gene construct comprising a cds encoding a coenzyme
- a feedback-resistant pantothenate kinase inhibits the production of biotin and/or DTB, while the non-transformed host strain, despite a naturally present biotin
- biosynthetic pathway cannot produce biotin or DTB in detectable quantities. This was not expected given the current state of technology.
- the process for the fermentative production of biotin and/or DTB is characterized in that the fermentation volume is at least 0.5 L, with the production scale of at least 10 L being particularly preferred, of at least 1000 L being particularly preferred, and a fermentation volume of at least 10,000 L being especially preferred.
- the biotin or DTB content can be quantified from the culture broth. For this purpose, a 1 ml aliquot can be taken from the culture broth with a cell density OD 600 /ml of at least 1.0/ml. Subsequently, all solid components can be separated, for example, by centrifuging for five minutes at maximum speed in a benchtop centrifuge. The supernatant can be quantified by LC-MS calibrated for biotin and DTB, as described in Example 3.
- biotin is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N
- the process is characterized in that the DTB yield at the end of the fermentation after a fermentation time of up to
- 65 h is at least 10 mg/L, particularly preferably at least 20 mg/L and especially preferably at least 50 mg/L.
- DTB is a biosynthetic precursor of biotin
- the process is characterized in that dethiobiotin is produced, which is then converted in a biotransformation to biotin, which is then isolated from the biotransformation mixture.
- DTB can be used directly in the biotransformation or it can be enriched or isolated beforehand in order to use it in a more concentrated form in the biotransformation DTB is particularly preferably used in enriched or isolated form, particularly preferably in isolated form, for biotransformation.
- Media for cultivating the production strain in shake flasks and by fermentation are familiar to experts in microbial cultivation. They typically consist of a carbon source (C source), a nitrogen source (N source), and additives such as vitamins, salts, and trace elements, as well as a sulfur source (S source), which optimize cell growth and biotin or DTB production.
- C source carbon source
- N source nitrogen source
- S source sulfur source
- C sources are those that can be used by the production strain for biotin or DTB product formation. These include all forms of monosaccharides, including C6 sugars (hexoses) such as glucose, mannose, fructose, or galactose, as well as C5
- Sugars such as xylose, arabinose, or ribose, as well as all conceivable di- and polysaccharides formed from them, such as sucrose, lactose, maltose, maltodextrin, starch, or the monomers or oligomers released from them by hydrolysis (enzymatic or chemical).
- Other usable carbon sources other than sugars or carbohydrates are acetic acid (or acetate salts derived therefrom), ethanol, glycerol, citric acid (and their salts), or pyruvate (and its salts).
- Gaseous carbon sources such as carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide are also conceivable.
- Preferred C sources for cultivating the production strain are glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannose, xylose and arabinose, among which glucose and sucrose are particularly preferred and glucose is especially preferred.
- N sources are those that can be used by the production strain to generate biomass. Examples include: - Ammonia, gaseous or in aqueous solution as NH 4 OH or its salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium acetate or ammonium nitrate and/or the known nitrate salts such as KNO 3 , NaNO 3 , ammonium nitrate, Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , Mg(NO 3 ) 2 as well as other N sources such as
- yeast extract such as yeast extract, proteose peptone, malt extract, soy peptone, casamino acids, corn steep liquor (liquid or dried as so-called CSD) and/or
- the addition of a sulfur source is necessary for the efficient production of biotin or DTB.
- the continuous addition can be carried out as a pure feed solution or in a mixture with another feed component such as glucose.
- the process is preferably characterized in that it is carried out in the presence of at least one compound selected from a salt of sulfates, sulfites, dithionites, thiosulfates and sulfides, whereby the use of the respective acids is also conceivable given a given stability.
- Preferred sulfur sources are salts of sulfates, sulfites, thiosulfates and sulfides, particularly preferably salts of sulfates and thiosulfates.
- the process is particularly preferably characterized in that it is carried out in the presence of sulfate salts.
- a particularly preferred sulfate salt is a compound selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and mixtures thereof.
- cysteine amino acids cysteine, methionine, hypotaurine and taurine, preferably selected from cysteine and methionine, especially preferably from L-cysteine and D,L-methionine and particularly preferred is D,L-methionine.
- Cultivation of microorganism cells can be carried out in so-called batch mode, i.e., to obtain biomass, the culture medium is inoculated with a starter culture of the production strain (microorganism cells carrying one or more gene constructs), and then cell growth occurs without further feeding of nutrient sources.
- Cultivation can also be carried out in so-called fed-batch mode (also called feed-in mode), i.e., a process for obtaining biomass in which, after an initial growth phase in batch mode, additional nutrient sources are added (feed).
- the feed can consist of the C source, the N source, the sulfur source, one or more vitamins or trace elements important for production, or a combination of the above.
- the feed components can be added together as a mixture or separately in individual feed lines.
- other feed components can be added together as a mixture or separately in individual feed lines.
- Media components as well as additives that specifically increase biotin or DTB production, such as pimelic acid, can be added to the feed.
- the feed can be supplied continuously or in portions (discontinuously), or in a combination of continuous and discontinuous
- the process according to the invention for the fermentative production of biotin or DTB with a microbial production strain is preferably characterized in that the fermentative process is a process in the feed-
- Preferred C sources in feed are glucose, sucrose, and glucose- or sucrose-containing plant hydrolysates, as well as mixtures of the preferred C sources in any ratio.
- Glucose is the most preferred C source in feed.
- the carbon source is added to the culture in such a way that the carbon source content in the fermenter during the production phase does not exceed 10 g/L.
- a maximum concentration of 2 g/L is preferred, particularly preferably 0.5 g/L, and especially preferably 0.1 g/L.
- Preferred N sources in the feed are ammonia, gaseous or in aqueous solution as NH 4 OH and its salts ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium acetate and ammonium chloride, furthermore urea, KNO 3 , NaNO 3 and ammonium nitrate, yeast extract, proteose peptone, malt extract, soy peptone, casamino acids, corn steep liquor as well as NZ amines and yeast nitrogen base, among which particularly preferred are ammonia or ammonium salts, yeast extract, soy peptone or corn steep liquor (liquid or in dried form).
- Preferred sulfur sources in the feed are salts of sulfates, sulfites, thiosulfates and sulfides, among which particularly preferred are salts of sulfates and thiosulfates and especially preferred are salts of sulfate, such as sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate.
- Further media additives include salts of the elements phosphorus, chlorine, sodium, magnesium, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, iron, and, in trace amounts (i.e., in ⁇ M concentrations), salts of the elements molybdenum, boron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, copper, and nickel.
- organic acids e.g., acetate, citrate
- amino acids e.g., isoleucine
- vitamins e.g., vitamin B1, vitamin B6
- Further media additives include all types of fatty acids, monocarboxylic acids as well as dicarboxylic acids in the form of the free
- Fatty acid or one of its salts preferably the C7 dicarboxylic acid pimelic acid.
- the pH range is preferably from pH 5 to pH 9.
- a pH Range from pH 5.5 to pH 8.
- a pH range from pH 6.0 to pH 7.5 is particularly preferred.
- the preferred temperature range for growth of the production strain is 20°C to 40°C.
- the temperature range from 25°C to 37°C is particularly preferred, and from 29°C to 35°C is especially preferred.
- the growth of the production strain can be optional without
- the cultures can be grown with oxygen (anaerobic cultivation) or with oxygen (aerobic cultivation). Aerobic cultivation with oxygen is preferred.
- a saturation of the oxygen content of preferably at least 5% (v/v), particularly preferably at least 15% (v/v), and especially preferably at least 30% (v/v) is established.
- the regulation of the oxygen saturation in the culture is carried out automatically according to the state of the art via a combination of gas supply and
- the oxygen supply can be ensured by introducing compressed air or pure oxygen. Aerobic cultivation with the introduction of compressed air is preferred.
- the compressed air supply range for aerobic cultivation is preferably 0.05 vvm to 10 vvm (vvm: introduction of compressed air into the fermentation mixture expressed in liters of compressed air per liter of fermentation volume per minute).
- a compressed air introduction of 0.2 vvm to 8 vvm is particularly preferred, particularly preferably 0.4 to 6 vvm, and especially preferably 0.8 to 5 vvm.
- the maximum stirring speed is preferably 2500 rpm, particularly preferably a maximum of 2000 rpm and especially preferably a maximum of 1800 rpm.
- the cultivation time is preferably between 10 h and 200 h.
- a cultivation time of 20 h is particularly preferred. to 120 h.
- a cultivation period of 30 h to 100 h is particularly preferred.
- step i the claimed microbial production strain is cultivated and in step ii the
- Fermentation supernatant isolated This means that fermentation batches obtained using the described method contain biotin or DTB accumulated extracellularly in the fermentation supernatant. Biotin or DTB can be used directly or isolated from the fermentation medium.
- Various analytical methods for identifying, quantifying, and determining the purity of biotin or DTB are available, including spectrophotometry, NMR, gas chromatography, HPLC, mass spectroscopy, gravimetry, or a combination of these analytical methods.
- Fig. 1 pKKj-SC101.
- Fig. 2 pcoaA-wt.
- TetR Gene that confers resistance to tetracycline.
- Ptac tac promoter pSClOl ORI: origin of replication.
- coaA coaA (pantothenate kinase gene)
- EcoRI cleavage site for the restriction enzyme EcoRI
- Styl cleavage site for the restriction enzyme
- Example 1 Preparation of coaA expression vectors
- the vector pKKj-SC101 (Fig. 1) was used to generate coaA expression vectors.
- pKKj-SC101 was generated from the vector pKKj.
- pKKj is disclosed in EP 2 670837 A1 (Wacker) and is a derivative of the expression vector pKK223-3.
- the DNA sequence of pKK223-3 is disclosed in the GenBank gene database under accession number M77749.1. Approximately 1.7 kb was removed from the 4.6 kb plasmid (bp 262–1947 of the DNA sequence disclosed in M77749.1), resulting in the 2.9 kb expression vector pKKj.
- Vector pKKj-tet Plasmid DNA from the vector pKKj was cut with BspHI, and the 1.9 kb vector fragment was isolated.
- the tetracycline resistance gene was isolated from the plasmid pACYC184 as a 1.4 kb gene fragment by PCR.
- the DNA sequence of pACYC184 is disclosed in the GenBank gene database under accession number X06403.1.
- the 1.4 kb PCR product comprised the sequence disclosed in X06403.1 from nt 1434 to nt 2870.
- the 1.4 kb PCR product was cloned into the 1.9 kb vector fragment. Correct cloning was verified by DNA sequencing (Eurofins Genomics).
- the vector pKKj-tet was created, in which the tetracycline resistance gene has the same orientation as in the vector pKKj-SC101 described below (Fig. 1).
- Vector pKKj-SC101 Plasmid DNA of the vector pKKj-tet was cut with Style and NdeI, and the 2.4 kb vector fragment was isolated.
- the replication origin SC101 was generated by gene synthesis (Eurofins Genomics) as a 1.4 kb DNA fragment.
- the DNA sequence of the replication origin SC101 is disclosed in the GenBank gene database under the
- the 1.4 kb DNA fragment comprised nt 477 to nt 1816 of the sequence disclosed in K00042.1.
- the 1.4 kb DNA fragment was reverse-complemented to the orientation disclosed in K00042.1 into the 2.4 kb Vector fragment was cloned. The result was the 3.8 kb vector pKKj-SClOl (Fig. 1).
- Plasmid DNA of the vector pKKj-SC101 was cut with EcoRI and PstI and the 3.8 kb linearized vector was isolated.
- the cds of the coaA variants to be cloned were prepared as 950 nt DNA fragments by PCR ("PhusionTM High-Fidelity" DNA Polymerase, Thermo ScientificTM) with the primers coaa-13f (SEQ ID NO:
- Template DNA for the PCR reactions were genomic DNA of the E. coli K12 strain W3110 for the coaA WT gene (coaA-wt, SEQ ID NO: 1) as well as synthetic genes (produced at Eurofins Genomics) for the mutants coaA-R106A (SEQ ID NO: 3), coaA-H177Q (SEQ ID NO: 5) and coaA-F247V (SEQ ID NO: 7).
- the respective 950 nt coaA DNA fragments were cloned into the 3.8 kb pKKj-SC101 vector fragment using the NEBuilder® cloning kit (NEB New England Biolabs). This resulted in the coaA expression vectors pcoaA-wt, pcoaA-R106A, pcoaA-H177Q, and pcoaA-F247V.
- the vector map for pcoaA-wt is shown in Fig. 2, representative of all four expression vectors.
- the starting strains (host strains) for the production of production strains were the microorganism strains Escherichia coli K12 W3110, strain number DSM 5911, Raoultella terrigena, strain number DSM2687, and Pantoea ananatis, strain number DSM30080, commercially available from the DSMZ German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH.
- E. coli W3110 was transformed in a known manner with the vectors pcoaA-wt, pcoaA-R106A, pcoaA-H177Q, and pcoaAA-F247V, and transformants were selected on LBtet plates.
- LBtet plates contained 10 g/L tryptone (GIBCOTM), 5 g/L yeast extract (BD Biosciences), 5 g/L NaCl, 15 g/L agar, and 15 mg/L tetracycline (Sigma-Aldrich).
- GEBCOTM tryptone
- yeast extract BD Biosciences
- 5 g/L NaCl 5 g/L agar
- 15 mg/L tetracycline Sigma-Aldrich.
- the production strains were designated E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-wt, E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-R106A, E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-H177Q and E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-F247V and were used for cultivation in shake flasks, fermentation and analysis of the
- Designation R. terrigena x pcoaA-R106A and P. ananatis x pcoaA-R106A.
- Pre-culture A pre-culture of E. coli W3110 was established in LB medium
- E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-wt A preculture of each of the production strains E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-wt, E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-R106A, E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-H177Q, and E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-F247V was prepared in LBtet medium (10 g/L tryptone, 5 g/L yeast extract, 5 g/L NaCl, 15 mg/L tetracycline). Cultivation was carried out overnight at 37°C and 120 rpm.
- LBtet medium 10 g/L tryptone, 5 g/L yeast extract, 5 g/L NaCl, 15 mg/L tetracycline.
- Precultures of R. terrigena and P. ananatis were also prepared in LB medium, and the production strains R. terrigena x pcoaA-R106A and P. ananatis x pcoaA-R106A were prepared in LBtet medium. Cultivation was carried out overnight at 30°C and 120 rpm.
- Main culture 0.5 ml of the respective preculture was transferred into a 300 ml Erlenmeyer flask (with baffle) containing 30 ml BS20 medium (WT strains E. coli W3110, R. terrigena, P. ananatis) or BS20 medium containing 15 mg/L tetracycline for all strains transformed with a plasmid.
- BS20 medium WT strains E. coli W3110, R. terrigena, P. ananatis
- Composition of the BS20 medium 4 g/LK 2 HPO 4 , 4 g/L KH 2 PO 4 , 10 g/L NH 4 sulfate, 2 g/L Na 2 SO 4 , 1 g/L NH 4 Cl, 10 g/L yeast extract (Sigma-Aldrich), 3 g/L Na 3 citrate x 2 H 2 O, 0.03 g/L FeSO 4 x 7 H 2 O, 0.05 g/L CaCl 2 x 2 H 2 O, 1 g/L MgSO 4 x 7 H 2 O, 20 g/L glucose, 0.1 g/LD,L-methionine, 5 mg/L Thiamine (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mg/L pyridoxal phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich) and 3 ml/L trace element solution.
- composition of the trace element solution 0.15 g/L Na 2 Mo0 4 x 2 H 2 0, 2.5 g/LH 3 BO 3 , 0.7 g/L CoCl 2 x 6 H 2 0, 0.25 g/L CuSO 4 x 5 H 2 O, 1.6 g/L MnCl 2 x 4 H 2 0, 0.3 g/L ZnSO 4x7H20 .
- the main cultures of the E. coli strains were incubated for 24 h at 37°C and 140 rpm in a chest shaker (Infors).
- the main cultures of the R. terrigena and P. ananatis strains were incubated for 24 h at 30°C and 140 rpm in a chest shaker (Infors).
- 1 ml samples were taken, and the cell density was determined as OD 600 /ml (optical density of the main culture, measured photometrically at 600 nm) using a GenesysTM 10S UV-Vis spectrophotometer from ThermoScientificTM.
- the content of biotin, dethiobiotin, and, if applicable, pantothenic acid was determined by LC-MS (liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry).
- the cell culture supernatant was isolated and analyzed by LC-MS for the
- the strains E. coli W3110, E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-wt, and E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-R106A were grown as described in Example 3, with the main cultures of each of the three strains supplemented with 8 mg/L of Ca pantothenate. After 24 h of incubation at 37°C, the cell density (OD 600 /ml) and the pantothenic acid content in the culture supernatant were determined by LC-MS (Table 2).
- strains E. coli W3110, E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-wt, E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-R106A, E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-H177Q and E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-F247V were grown as described in Example 3. After 24 h of incubation at 37°C, the Cell density OD 600 /ml, the content of biotin and dethiobiotin in
- R106A was carried out as described in Example 3. After 24 h of incubation at 30°C, the cell density OD 600 /ml, the
- R106A was carried out as described in Example 3. After 24 h of incubation at 30°C, the cell density OD 600 /ml, the
- Example 8 Extraction of biotin and DTB from cells of the
- Thermo ScientificTM Multifuge X1R, TX-400 rotor Centrifuged at 6300 rpm (Thermo ScientificTM Multifuge X1R, TX-400 rotor) and the supernatant discarded.
- the cell pellet was resuspended in 10 ml H2O , centrifuged for 5 min at 6300 rpm and the supernatant discarded.
- the cell pellet was suspended in 2 ml H2O .
- a cell extract was prepared from the cell suspension using a FastPrep-24TM 5G cell homogenizer from MP BiomedicalsTM.
- the cell pellet suspended in 2 ml H2O , was lysed in two 1 ml aliquots in 1.5 ml tubes pre-filled by the manufacturer with glass beads ("Lysing Matrix B") (3 x 20 see at a Shaking frequency of 6000 rpm with 30 seconds rest between intervals).
- the resulting cell homogenates were combined and centrifuged for 5 min at 13000 rpm (HeraeusTM FrescoTM 21 centrifuge) to produce a cell extract.
- the cell extract was analyzed for biotin and DTB content by LC-MS. Neither biotin nor DTB could be detected, with a detection limit of 0.1 mg/L for biotin and DTB, respectively, in the LC-MS analysis.
- 20 ml of LBtet medium was inoculated with the production strain E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-R106A in a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask and incubated for 7 h on a shaker (150 rpm, 34°C).
- 20 ml of LB medium was inoculated with the WT strain in a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask.
- precultures 1 were completely transferred to 100 ml of BS20 medium, with the medium for preculture 2 of the E. coli W3110 x pcoaA-R106A strain supplemented with 15 mg/L tetracycline (see Example 3 for the composition of the BS20 medium).
- the cultures were each shaken in an Erlenmeyer flask (1 L volume) at 34°C for 17 h at 150 rpm (Infors chest shaker). After this incubation, the cell densities (OD 600 /ml) were between 3 and 5.
- the fermentation was carried out in a fermenter of the type "DASGIP® Parallel Bioreactor Systems for Microbiology" from Eppendorf. A culture vessel with a total volume of 1.81 was used. The culture medium consisted of 600 ml
- the pH in the fermenter was initially adjusted to 7.0 by pumping in a 25% NH4OH solution. During fermentation, the pH was maintained at 7.0 by automatic correction with 25% NH4OH or 4 MH3PO4 . Foam control was achieved by automatically dosing 4% v/v Struktol J673 in H2O (Schill & Seilacher).
- vvm compressed air input into the fermentation mixture, expressed in liters of compressed air per liter of fermentation volume per minute.
- the target value for O2 saturation during fermentation was set to 15%. Once the O2 saturation fell below the target value, a regulation cascade was initiated to return the O2 saturation to the target value. First, the gas supply was continuously increased (to a maximum of 5 vvm) and then the stirring speed was continuously increased (to a maximum of 1,500 rpm). Fermentation was carried out at a temperature of 34°C.
- Glucose was determined using a glucose analyzer from YSI (Yellow Springs, Ohio, USA). The fermentation time was 65 h. 24 h, 42 h and 65 h after
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/079648 WO2025087508A1 (de) | 2023-10-24 | 2023-10-24 | Biotin-produktion in mikroorganismen, die gene für pantothenatkinasen mit verminderter produkthemmung durch coenzym a exprimieren |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4652266A1 true EP4652266A1 (de) | 2025-11-26 |
Family
ID=88647339
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23798673.2A Pending EP4652266A1 (de) | 2023-10-24 | 2023-10-24 | Biotin-produktion in mikroorganismen, die gene für pantothenatkinasen mit verminderter produkthemmung durch coenzym a exprimieren |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4652266A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250137178A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120752333A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2025087508A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2527926B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-07 | 1996-08-28 | 株式会社資生堂 | ビオチンの製造方法 |
| US8609396B2 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2013-12-17 | Cj Cheiljedang Corporation | Microorganism producing O-acetyl-homoserine and the method of producing O-acetyl-homoserine using the microorganism |
| DE102011003387A1 (de) | 2011-01-31 | 2012-08-02 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur fermentativen Herstellung von 2,3-Butandiol |
-
2023
- 2023-10-24 EP EP23798673.2A patent/EP4652266A1/de active Pending
- 2023-10-24 WO PCT/EP2023/079648 patent/WO2025087508A1/de active Pending
- 2023-10-24 KR KR1020257028171A patent/KR20250137178A/ko active Pending
- 2023-10-24 CN CN202380094764.9A patent/CN120752333A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN120752333A (zh) | 2025-10-03 |
| KR20250137178A (ko) | 2025-09-17 |
| WO2025087508A1 (de) | 2025-05-01 |
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