EP4648948A1 - Druckvorrichtung und -verfahren für den 3d-druck eines bauwerks - Google Patents
Druckvorrichtung und -verfahren für den 3d-druck eines bauwerksInfo
- Publication number
- EP4648948A1 EP4648948A1 EP24700612.5A EP24700612A EP4648948A1 EP 4648948 A1 EP4648948 A1 EP 4648948A1 EP 24700612 A EP24700612 A EP 24700612A EP 4648948 A1 EP4648948 A1 EP 4648948A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- printing
- printing device
- extrusion nozzle
- extrusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
- E04G21/0418—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
- E04G21/0436—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose on a mobile support, e.g. truck
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/14—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting
- B28B11/16—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting for extrusion or for materials supplied in long webs
- B28B11/163—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting for extrusion or for materials supplied in long webs in which the cutting device is moved longitudinally with the moving strand
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
- B29C64/194—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control during lay-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
- E04G21/0418—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
- E04G21/0445—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms
- E04G21/0463—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms with boom control mechanisms, e.g. to automate concrete distribution
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
- E04G2021/049—Devices for both conveying and distributing concrete mixing nozzles specially adapted for conveying devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a printing device for the 3D printing of a structure, in particular a building wall, with a conveyor line and a print head that can be supplied with a hardenable building material, in particular fresh concrete, via the conveyor line and which has an extrusion nozzle for dispensing a strand of the building material.
- the invention further relates to a corresponding 3D printing method.
- a pressing device of this type is known from DE 10 2019 204 244 A1. This document deals with the formation of a continuous material strand when using a discontinuous building material pump.
- the invention is based on the object of further improving the printing devices and methods known in the prior art and of creating a structurally advantageous strand formation.
- the invention is based on the idea of enabling the extruded material strand to be cut or trimmed before it hardens. Accordingly, the invention proposes that A cutting unit for separating the material strand is arranged in the extrusion nozzle, the cutting unit having at least one cutting tool that can be moved transversely to the extrusion direction of the extrusion nozzle. This makes it possible to stack geometrically defined material layers to form a building structure (wall). The material extruded from the print head (fresh concrete) is placed on top of the previous layers. The material strand can then be cut off at the intended end and reattached.
- the material strand can largely retain its shape, while the cut is made transversely or perpendicular to the extrusion direction in the still soft material with the smoothest possible cutting surface.
- the rock grains it contains are displaced by the cutting tool. This means that they do not have to be laboriously divided.
- the cutting tool can be moved at least partially through a cross-section of the material strand by means of a feed drive.
- the feed drive has an electrically driven linear unit.
- a further advantageous embodiment provides that the cutting unit comprises a pendulum stroke drive for a back and forth pendulum movement of the cutting tool.
- oscillation energy should be limited to avoid vibrations (e.g. vibrations caused by external energy).
- the stroke and/or the frequency of the pendulum movement is adjustable.
- the stroke can be in the range of 10 to 50 mm.
- the pendulum stroke drive has an electric motor and/or an eccentric gear.
- the cutting mechanism is designed to drive the cutting tool simultaneously in a feed movement and in a pendulum movement that is preferably orthogonal to the feed movement.
- a pendulum movement that is preferably orthogonal to the feed movement.
- the feed movement can be carried out in a horizontal direction and the pendulum movement in a vertical direction.
- the cutting tool is formed by an element from the group saw blade, knife, cutting wire.
- the cutting tool has a cutting edge with a serrated edge.
- the cutting unit has two cutting tools that oscillate in opposite directions to each other. Further advantages in terms of low material deformation are promised by a variant in which the cutting unit has two cutting tools that move towards or away from each other along a feed axis.
- an electronic control device is provided to operate the cutting unit.
- the print head and the conveyor line are arranged on a large manipulator that can be moved three-dimensionally in space, in particular on an articulated boom of a truck-mounted concrete pump.
- the cutting unit is structurally coupled or physically connected to the extrusion nozzle.
- the cutting unit it is also possible for the cutting unit to be guided via a device that is separate from the extrusion nozzle for separation in the area of the extrusion nozzle.
- the object mentioned at the outset is achieved in that the material strand is separated in sections by a cutting device arranged on the extrusion nozzle, with at least one cutting tool of the cutting device being moved transversely to the extrusion direction of the extrusion nozzle.
- An advantageous component design can be created by successively depositing several material strands on top of each other and/or next to each other while the print head is moving spatially and thereby cutting them off at predetermined locations by means of the cutting device.
- Fig. 1 a truck-mounted concrete pump with a print head at the end of the placing boom for the 3D printing of fresh concrete in a side view;
- Fig. 2 the print head with extrusion nozzle and cutting unit in perspective view
- Fig. 3 a building wall with material strands cut to length in sections and laid on top of each other in vertical section.
- the printing device 10 for 3D building printing shown in Fig. 1 comprises a truck-mounted concrete pump 12 with a distribution boom 14 and a concrete pipe 16 running along it, as well as a 14 mounted pressure head 18, which has an extrusion nozzle 20 for dispensing a material strand 22 of the fresh concrete 24 supplied via the concrete line 16, wherein the extrusion nozzle 20 is arranged with a cutting device 26 for severing the material strand 22 at a desired location.
- the distribution boom 14 comprises four articulated arm segments 28, which can be pivoted relative to one another by means of associated hydraulic cylinders 30.
- the print head 18 can be moved spatially along a desired trajectory, so that the material strand 22 extruded during the print head movement lies on a desired path.
- the fresh concrete 24 which is supplied as a pumpable thick material by means of a vehicle-supported concrete pump 32, consists of a mixture of sand, cement, water and rock grains or gravel. In its initial paste-like state, it can be formed into a strand using the extrusion nozzle 20 before it hardens under ambient conditions, possibly accelerated by auxiliary materials, and gains its high compressive strength.
- the pressure head 18 shown in Fig. 2 comprises an interface 36 that can be connected to the end of the distribution boom 14 and has a swivel or rotating device 38 for changing the extrusion direction, a nozzle channel 40 for supplying the fresh concrete 24 to the extrusion nozzle 20 and the cutting unit 26, which has a cutting tool 42 arranged downstream of the outlet side of the extrusion nozzle 20.
- the cutting tool 42 is located on the outside of the extrusion nozzle 20 and can be moved in a cutting plane parallel to the nozzle opening.
- the cross-section of the nozzle channel 40 changes from a circular cross-section on the inlet side, adapted to the concrete line 16, to the rectangular cross-section of the extrusion nozzle 20.
- the arcuate angled channel course enables a transition to a generally horizontal extrusion direction, with the extruded material strand 22 being laid flat. If necessary, adjustment elements 44 can be provided for adjusting the cross-section of the nozzle channel 40.
- the cutting unit 26 can be moved by means of a feed drive 46 through a cross section of the material strand 22 discharged from the extrusion nozzle 20.
- the feed drive 46 can comprise an electric motor-driven linear unit 48.
- the cutting unit 26 has a pendulum stroke drive 50 for a back and forth pendulum movement of the cutting tool 42.
- a stroke movement in the range of expediently 10 to 50 mm can be realized in that the pendulum stroke drive 50 has an electric motor 52 and an eccentric gear 54.
- the cutting tool 42 shown comprises a saw blade 56 which can have a cutting edge with different edge shapes: straight Cutting edge, serrated edge or saw teeth to achieve easy cleaning, durability and good efficiency. Furthermore, the cutting tool 42 can be non-stick coated and/or hardened.
- the cutting unit 26 it is also possible for the cutting unit 26 to have two cutting tools 42 that move toward or away from each other along a feed axis. These then each cut through a partial cross-section, so that the cutting process can take place more quickly at the same feed speed.
- the cutting unit is operated by an electronic control device 58, which may also be installed permanently in the vehicle.
- a building wall 60 can be constructed in layers using the pressure device 10, with several extruded material strands 22 being successively placed on top of one another and cut to length transversely to the extrusion or strand longitudinal direction in the not yet hardened state of the fresh concrete 24.
- frontal cutting surfaces 62 are produced at the desired ends of the individual material strands 22 by controlled activation of the cutting device 18.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023100763.7A DE102023100763A1 (de) | 2023-01-13 | 2023-01-13 | Druckvorrichtung und -verfahren für den 3D-Druck eines Bauwerks |
| PCT/EP2024/050685 WO2024149875A1 (de) | 2023-01-13 | 2024-01-12 | Druckvorrichtung und -verfahren für den 3d-druck eines bauwerks |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4648948A1 true EP4648948A1 (de) | 2025-11-19 |
Family
ID=89620366
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24700612.5A Pending EP4648948A1 (de) | 2023-01-13 | 2024-01-12 | Druckvorrichtung und -verfahren für den 3d-druck eines bauwerks |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4648948A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023100763A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024149875A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8801415B2 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2014-08-12 | University Of Southern California | Contour crafting extrusion nozzles |
| CN108952004B (zh) * | 2018-08-10 | 2019-06-11 | 河北工业大学 | 一种适用于3d打印混凝土结构的多筋一体化布置装置 |
| DE102019204244A1 (de) | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | Putzmeister Engineering Gmbh | Druckverfahren und Drucksystem |
| DE102019204236A1 (de) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | Putzmeister Engineering Gmbh | Extruderkopf, Extrudersystem und Verwendung eines Extruderkopfs und/oder eines Extrudersystems |
-
2023
- 2023-01-13 DE DE102023100763.7A patent/DE102023100763A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-01-12 WO PCT/EP2024/050685 patent/WO2024149875A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-01-12 EP EP24700612.5A patent/EP4648948A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102023100763A1 (de) | 2024-07-18 |
| WO2024149875A1 (de) | 2024-07-18 |
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Legal Events
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20250630 |
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