EP4548015A1 - Verfahren und anlage zur erzeugung von elektrischem strom und/oder wärme - Google Patents
Verfahren und anlage zur erzeugung von elektrischem strom und/oder wärmeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4548015A1 EP4548015A1 EP24740829.7A EP24740829A EP4548015A1 EP 4548015 A1 EP4548015 A1 EP 4548015A1 EP 24740829 A EP24740829 A EP 24740829A EP 4548015 A1 EP4548015 A1 EP 4548015A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dme
- burner
- flue gas
- fuel
- combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
- F23K5/14—Details thereof
- F23K5/22—Vaporising devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2700/00—Special arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluent fuel
- F23C2700/02—Combustion apparatus using liquid fuel
- F23C2700/026—Combustion apparatus using liquid fuel with pre-vaporising means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/50—Carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
- F23J2900/15061—Deep cooling or freezing of flue gas rich of CO2 to deliver CO2-free emissions, or to deliver liquid CO2
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for generating electrical power and/or heat in which a gaseous fuel is burned. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system for carrying out such a method with a burner for burning a gaseous fuel.
- the invention therefore relates, for example, to the operation of gas-fired power plants which use chemical energy from the combustion of a fuel gas, such as natural gas, biogas, wood gas, etc., as primary energy.
- a fuel gas such as natural gas, biogas, wood gas, etc.
- the generation of electricity using gas-fired power plants is referred to as gas-fired power generation and can be carried out using various types of thermal power plants.
- gas-fired power generation In addition to classic steam power plants (gas turbines) with natural gas firing, gas and steam combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) are particularly common.
- fuel cell power plants are used, which are not referred to as gas-fired power plants, although they also use a fuel gas, of course mostly hydrogen, which can be obtained from natural gas, for example, by reforming it.
- Pure gas power plants in particular are often used in a load-flexible manner (demand side management and redispatch) in order to match electricity generation from renewable energies with electricity demand and, in particular, to balance out fluctuations in electricity generation from renewable energies.
- Combined cycle power plants are more efficient than pure gas power plants, but are not as load-flexible as pure gas power plants.
- non-fossil fuels such as hydrogen (H 2 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ).
- ammonia as a fuel gas
- glass and cement plants do not have gas processing systems such as DeNox or REA.
- the ammonia is first broken down into nitrogen (N 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) or into forming gas (stoichiometric mixture of N 2 and H 2 in a ratio of 1:3) by an NH3 cracker and then used in the furnace.
- N 2 nitrogen
- H 2 hydrogen
- forming gas stoichiometric mixture of N 2 and H 2 in a ratio of 1:3
- the system for carrying out the method is characterized in that the burner is designed to burn a gaseous fuel that contains more than 50 mol%, in particular more than 60 mol% DME (dimethyl ether), and that an evaporation device is provided upstream of the burner, which is designed to evaporate liquid DME and thus bring it into a gaseous state, wherein the evaporation device is connected to the burner directly, i.e. without the interposition of a device, in particular a reforming device, for converting the gaseous DME into a hydrogen carrier other than DME, in order to feed the gaseous DME directly to the burner.
- a device in particular a reforming device
- the burner is preferably designed to burn a gaseous fuel that contains more than 70 mol%, in particular more than 85 mol% and preferably more than 95 mol% DME, wherein the burner should be designed to burn a gaseous fuel that, apart from impurities, contains exclusively DME.
- the invention is therefore based on the idea of using dimethyl ether as a fuel in the context of electricity generation and/or heat generation.
- Dimethyl ether can be used equally as a fuel in gas power plants, combined cycle power plants or fuel cell power plants.
- the combustion of the gaseous fuel in a burner/combustion chamber of a non-closed cycle with supercritical CO 2 as working medium, in particular according to the Brayton, Matiant or Allem cycle or process variants derived therefrom, or the combustion of the gaseous fuel takes place in the burner/combustion chamber of a gas power plant and/or a gas and steam power plant and/or as part of the operation of a fuel cell.
- the system according to this embodiment is characterized in that the burner is part of a heat engine operating according to a non-closed cycle with supercritical CO 2 as working medium, in particular according to the Brayton, Matiant or Allem cycle or process variants derived therefrom, or part of a gas power plant and/or a gas and steam power plant and/or a fuel cell system, in particular a gas turbine.
- the burner/combustion chamber can be designed to burn DME with supercritical CO 2 as working medium with O 2 .
- Dimethyl ether is a fuel that can be produced from CO2 and sustainably produced hydrogen.
- the only CO2 released during combustion is that which was previously removed from the environment to produce dimethyl ether. This means that the combustion process and the production process for the DME together are CO2 -neutral.
- the DME according to the invention is burned directly, i.e. there is no conversion of the gaseous DME into another hydrogen carrier.
- investments such as the use of a reforming plant or hydrogen purification plant, which are associated with the use of other hydrogen-based fuels, for example NH 3 or LOHC, can be dispensed with.
- the invention provides that the DME (dimethyl ether) is supplied in liquid form and evaporated before combustion. For this purpose, a corresponding evaporation device is provided upstream of the burner.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- a corresponding CO 2 separation device is provided downstream of the burner.
- CO 2 separation can be carried out using DME as a washing agent, for example.
- the flue gas/gas mixture is suitably dried before the CO 2 separation. It is also possible to separate some of the water contained in the flue gas by condensation. The condensation of the water takes place at temperatures as low as possible above freezing point. After washing with DME, the flue gas/gas mixture can also be washed with water to avoid DME losses.
- the CO2 removal can be carried out by chemical scrubbing, in particular by amine scrubbing in one or two stages and/or by physical scrubbing, in particular based on methanol and/or by a membrane process and/or by an adsorption process.
- the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) separated from the flue gas/gas mixture is preferably fed into a process for producing DME in order to form a closed circuit. Since the process for producing DME is very energy-intensive, it will usually take place spatially separate from the place where electricity is generated. In this case, the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is transported to the place where DME is produced using means of transport.
- Tankers can be used as a means of transport, with tankers being preferred to transport DME from the place where DME is produced to the place where the endothermic production process takes place. This design is based on the consideration that the physical properties of DME and CO 2 are very similar, so that CO 2 and DME can be transported or stored in the same transport ship with the same tanks.
- the tanks can either be equipped with a membrane so that DME and CO 2 do not mix, or additional stationary tanks can be installed to prevent DME and CO 2 from mixing.
- the invention creates a closed CO 2 cycle in which the CO 2 released during DME combustion is captured and fed back into DME production as a carbon source. CO 2 storage is therefore obsolete and the environment is not burdened with CO 2 emissions due to the combustion itself.
- DME is used as fuel.
- the processes can also be carried out with other fuels.
- a fuel can be used which mainly contains DME and additionally other fuels, in particular hydrogen (H 2 ) and/or methane (CH 4 ).
- a fuel can be used for a limited period of time which contains pure hydrogen (H 2 ) and/or methane (CH 4 ) without DME.
- pure oxygen (O 2 ) is fed to the combustion for O 2 enrichment, wherein, in particular, the oxygen (O 2 ) is generated by means of electrolysis from water and/or by cryogenic air separation and/or by a high-temperature membrane process and/or wherein, in particular, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) produced during combustion is separated by means of condensation from the flue gas produced during combustion.
- the combustion air is enriched with oxygen (O 2 ) to achieve better efficiency (oxyfuel process).
- the oxygen (O 2 ) is generated by means of electrolysis from water and/or by cryogenic air separation and/or by a high-temperature process.
- the maximum flame temperature must be observed when oxygenating the combustion air, so that the oxygen enrichment (without recycling) is limited.
- CO 2 separation takes place as described above, but is more efficient due to the higher CO 2 partial pressure.
- unreacted oxygen (O 2 ) is separated from the flue gas produced during the combustion of the fuel and/or during the production process and the oxygen (O 2 ) is returned to the combustion.
- a certain amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) that was separated from the flue gas can also be mixed with the oxygen (O 2 ) in order to adjust the flame temperature.
- Figure 1 is a diagram in which the method according to the invention for generating electric current is shown schematically
- Figure 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a CO 2 separation from flue gas produced by the process according to the invention.
- liquid DME is supplied to the evaporation device 1, as indicated by the arrow A in Figure 1, and the DME is brought into a gaseous state in the evaporation device 1.
- the energy required for this can be provided at least partially by the waste heat from the flue gas which is generated during combustion in the production process, as will be described below.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023121868.9A DE102023121868A1 (de) | 2023-08-16 | 2023-08-16 | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von elektrischem Strom und/oder Wärme |
| PCT/EP2024/068826 WO2025036608A1 (de) | 2023-08-16 | 2024-07-04 | Verfahren und anlage zur erzeugung von elektrischem strom und/oder wärme |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4548015A1 true EP4548015A1 (de) | 2025-05-07 |
Family
ID=91898970
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24740829.7A Pending EP4548015A1 (de) | 2023-08-16 | 2024-07-04 | Verfahren und anlage zur erzeugung von elektrischem strom und/oder wärme |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4548015A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023121868A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2025036608A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6324827B1 (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 2001-12-04 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Method of generating power in a dry low NOx combustion system |
| JP2004342413A (ja) * | 2003-05-14 | 2004-12-02 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池システム |
| JP4282376B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-30 | 2009-06-17 | アストモスエネルギー株式会社 | 液化ガス燃料供給装置及び液化ガス燃料を供給する方法 |
| JP4952155B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-12 | 2012-06-13 | 富士通株式会社 | 研磨条件予測プログラム、記録媒体、研磨条件予測装置および研磨条件予測方法 |
| CN103791513B (zh) * | 2014-01-03 | 2016-07-06 | 重庆大学 | 一种二甲醚燃气锅炉用节能高效型汽化器 |
| DE102014000507A1 (de) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-16 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Dimethylether |
-
2023
- 2023-08-16 DE DE102023121868.9A patent/DE102023121868A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-07-04 EP EP24740829.7A patent/EP4548015A1/de active Pending
- 2024-07-04 WO PCT/EP2024/068826 patent/WO2025036608A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102023121868A1 (de) | 2025-02-20 |
| WO2025036608A1 (de) | 2025-02-20 |
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| RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
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