EP4536779A2 - Verfahren und anlage zum recyceln von kohlenstoffhaltigen verbundwerkstoffen mit kohlenstoffhaltigem matrixmaterial und faser-, faden- oder drahtarmierung - Google Patents
Verfahren und anlage zum recyceln von kohlenstoffhaltigen verbundwerkstoffen mit kohlenstoffhaltigem matrixmaterial und faser-, faden- oder drahtarmierungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4536779A2 EP4536779A2 EP23733260.6A EP23733260A EP4536779A2 EP 4536779 A2 EP4536779 A2 EP 4536779A2 EP 23733260 A EP23733260 A EP 23733260A EP 4536779 A2 EP4536779 A2 EP 4536779A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- matrix material
- approximately
- gasification
- reinforcement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
- C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
- C10K1/005—Carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
- C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
- C10K3/006—Reducing the tar content by steam reforming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
- C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
- C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
- C10J2300/1634—Ash vitrification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
- C10J2300/1665—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to alcohols, e.g. methanol or ethanol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1684—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with electrolysis of water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for recycling carbon-containing composite materials with carbon-containing matrix material and fiber, thread or wire reinforcement, in particular glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforced plastics, GRP/CFRP, and a system for recycling carbon-containing composite materials with carbon-containing matrix material and fiber thread or wire reinforcement , in particular glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforced plastics, GRP/CFRP, in particular for carrying out the process.
- the invention relates to a system and a method for materially recycling waste made from polymeric materials, in particular composites with polymeric components.
- Car tires for example, are recycled to a large extent, but are essentially used thermally, particularly through co-incineration in cement production plants.
- GRP and CFRP have a very high calorific value, which is on the order of hard coal.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of enabling recycling of carbon-containing composite materials with carbon-containing matrix material and fiber, thread or wire reinforcement.
- this object is achieved by a process for recycling carbon-containing composite materials with carbon-containing matrix material and fiber, thread or wire reinforcement, in particular glass fiber or carbon fiber-reinforced plastics, GRP/CFRP, the process comprising the steps: at least largely separating the reinforcement from the carbon-containing matrix material,
- the proportion of reinforcement made of fiber, thread or wire-reinforced carbon-containing composites is reduced and in the third part of the system the matrix material freed from the reinforcement is converted into a, preferably fluid, fuel
- a third system part for processing the products of gasification and/or pyrolysis into at least one, preferably fluid, fuel
- the first system part having at least one cutting or breaking coarse comminution device for coarse comminution of the composite material, at least one pressing and/or squeezing fine comminution device for fine comminution Crushing the coarsely comminuted composite material for releasing the comminuted reinforcement from the comminuted composite material and a separation device for separating the detached comminuted reinforcement from the comminuted matrix material.
- the composite material is reduced to a length and/or width and/or thickness in the range of approximately 50 mm to approximately 150 mm.
- the composite material is advantageously comminuted to a length and/or width and/or thickness in the range of approximately 1 mm to approximately 5 mm.
- the fine comminution is advantageously carried out using at least one hammer mill and/or at least one grinder. This enables particularly efficient and/or cost-effective shredding.
- frictional heat generated during fine comminution is dissipated.
- the separation is carried out using at least one sieve and/or at least one air classifier.
- the matrix material advantageously has approximately 5 to approximately 15% by weight of fibers from the reinforcement.
- the particle size of the matrix material is reduced to a maximum of 1500 ⁇ m, preferably a maximum of 500 ⁇ m, after sieving, for example by grinding or beating.
- the gasification is advantageously carried out at a process temperature in the range of preferably approximately 950°C to approximately 1,400°C for entrained flow gasifiers, and up to approximately 1,150°C for fixed-bed gasifiers.
- the gasification is carried out at a process pressure in the range of preferably approximately 5 bar to approximately 20 bar.
- the gasification comprises a fixed bed and/or a fluidized bed or an entrained flow gasification, preferably with a sump made of liquid glass.
- the carbon monoxide produced by gasification preferably by means of Steam reforming and/or water gas shift, converted into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
- the carbon dioxide separated from the mixture is liquefied or compressed in order to facilitate its transport.
- methanol can be synthesized from the carbon monoxide and hydrogen produced by gasification using the exothermic reaction CO + 2 H 2 ⁇ -> CH3OH.
- the invention also includes embodiments in which the hydrogen is synthesized into ammonia, preferably with atmospheric nitrogen.
- the gasification process requires the addition of significant amounts of oxygen, on the order of 50% by weight of the material to be gasified.
- oxygen can conveniently be obtained from the air, in particular using low-temperature rectification, pressure swing adsorption or membrane technology.
- reactant oxygen can also be partially replaced by carbon dioxide and/or water or water vapor.
- hydrogen and oxygen are produced by electrolysis and the oxygen produced is used as a reactant in gasification.
- At least 50% of the oxygen required for gasification is provided by electrolysis or obtained from the air.
- the carbon dioxide produced can be released into the atmosphere.
- carbon released during the division of the carbon dioxide can be synthesized into a fluid fuel or precursors thereof, the main components of which are carbon and hydrogen.
- the carbon dioxide separated from the mixture is used for this purpose, preferably by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields, preferably where the frequency of the electromagnetic fields is approx. 2000 to approx. 3000 MHz, or electrostatic fields, preferably where the voltage of the electrostatic fields is approx. 20,000 V to approx. 50,000 V is separated.
- the coarse shredding device can be designed to shred composite materials to a length and/or width and/or thickness in the range of approximately 50 mm to approximately 150 mm.
- the fine shredding device is designed to shred composite materials to a length and/or width and/or thickness in the range of approximately 1 mm to approximately 5 mm.
- the fine comminution device expediently has at least one hammer mill and/or at least one grinder, preferably with surfaces that move against one another and which, at least in sections, form an annular gap that tapers in the material flow direction.
- the fine comminution device expediently has at least one cooling device for dissipating frictional heat.
- the separation device also expediently has at least one sieve and/or at least one air classifier.
- the separation device is advantageously designed in such a way that after separation the matrix material has approximately 5 to approximately 15% by weight of fibers from the reinforcement.
- the second system part AT 2 has a gasification device, in particular with its process temperature being approximately 950° C. to approximately 1400° C. in the case of entrained flow gasification or approximately 1150° C. in the case of fixed bed gasification and/or its process pressure being approximately 5 bar to approximately .15 bar.
- the gasification device is advantageously designed as a fixed bed or entrained flow or fluidized bed gasification device, preferably with a sump made of liquid glass.
- the third plant part AT 3 advantageously contains a steam reforming and/or water gas shift device for converting the carbon monoxide produced in the gasification device into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide or a methanol synthesis device for synthesizing methanol from hydrogen and that produced in the gasification device Carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
- the third part of the system has a separation device for separating carbon dioxide from the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide produced in the third part of the system.
- the third part of the system has a compression or liquefaction device to increase the density of the separated carbon dioxide.
- the third part of the system has an ammonia synthesis device for synthesizing ammonia from the hydrogen, preferably with atmospheric nitrogen.
- the system expediently further comprises a further system part which has an electrolysis device for producing hydrogen and oxygen by means of electrolysis, which is connected to the gasification device for supplying the oxygen produced for gasification.
- system or system unit also has a further system part which has an atmospheric oxygen extraction device for obtaining oxygen from the air, in particular by means of low-temperature rectification, pressure swing adsorption or membrane technology.
- the third system part AT 3 has a separation device for separating the carbon dioxide separated from the mixture, preferably by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields, preferably where the frequency of the electromagnetic fields is approximately 2000 to approximately 3000 MHz, or electrostatic fields, preferably where the voltage of the electrostatic fields is approximately 20,000 V to approximately 50,000 V.
- the third system part has a fuel or precursor synthesis device for the synthesis of fluid fuel or Precursors to this, the main components of which are carbon and hydrogen, from the carbon released during the separation of carbon dioxide.
- system or system unit is designed such that at least 50% of the oxygen required by the gasification device is provided by the electrolysis device or the atmospheric oxygen production device.
- system parts are not installed in close proximity, but rather separately from one another, even in different locations.
- the present invention is based on the surprising finding that the special type of separation makes stable and process-reliable gasification possible for the first time.
- Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a grinder of a system according to a particular embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 2 shows schematically components of a first system part of a system according to a special embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 3 schematically shows a system with a gasification device according to a further special embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 4 schematically shows a system with a pyrolysis device according to a further special embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5 shows schematically a system with a gasification device according to a further special embodiment of the present invention.
- carbon-containing composite materials in this example fiber composite materials, are largely separated from components into fibers or threads and powder and granular matrix material.
- the components to be recycled are first manually disassembled to such an extent that they are smaller than the acceptance opening of a coarse shredding device, which is part of the first part of the system.
- the acceptance opening has a width of approximately 2m to approximately 2.5m and a height of approximately 1 to approximately 2m.
- the components are then cut or broken to a size that the subsequent fine shredding device can accommodate.
- This size is advantageously between approx. 50mm and approx. 150mm. At less than approx. 50mm, the power consumption of the shredding device and at more than approx. 150mm that of the downstream fine shredding device can become too high.
- the coarse comminution device can have several coarse comminution devices or machines of different designs.
- B. crushers and/or shredding machines and/or hammer mills and/or cross-flow shredders can be combined.
- the comminuted, still fiber-reinforced components are at least largely separated into reinforcement and matrix material.
- the material is not cut or broken, but rather pressed or squeezed, which loosens and dissolves the bond between the reinforcement and the matrix material.
- the fine comminution device can also have several fine comminution devices or machines of identical different designs, in particular hammer mills and grinders.
- the size of the matrix material present after the comminution process can be e.g. B. can be adjusted by the distance between the hammers and the sieve basket and the hole size of the sieve basket.
- Grinders that preferably have a tapering gap at least in sections, whereby the elements of the grinder forming the gap can move against each other in order to increasingly grind the still fiber-reinforced components in this tapered gap, are particularly suitable.
- the gap is made from z. B. formed two truncated cones. This construction preferably has smooth gap walls at least in the last area, so that rubbing only takes place between the fiber-reinforced composite material elements in order to achieve the separation of the fibers, threads or wires from the carbon-containing matrix material, with the fiber, thread or wire length being largely retained remains.
- the basic shape of such a grinder is shown in EP000002288452B1 as an example, but not limiting the teaching of the invention.
- both the inner and outer truncated cones can be the stator, and the other can be the rotor.
- the axes of the truncated cones can be identical, but can also be shifted parallel to one another and/or have an angle to one another.
- the surfaces of the truncated cones on which the grinding takes place are made of particularly tough and abrasion-resistant material, preferably with at least HBW500.
- the surfaces of the truncated cones on which the grinding takes place are designed to be interchangeable.
- the surfaces of the truncated cones on which the grinding takes place can be smooth and at least partially structured.
- the axes of the truncated cones preferably have an angle between 30° and 90°, with the angle between the inside of the outer truncated cone at its lowest position relative to the horizontal preferably being greater than 0° in order to support the flow of material.
- An advantageous embodiment of the grinders has devices for dissipating the heat generated during grinding.
- these include cooling fins, which are preferably designed on the movable part of the grinder in such a way that as much forced convection as possible is achieved.
- forced convection can also or additionally be achieved with a fan.
- Heat can e.g. B. can also be removed using cooling water.
- raw coils attached to the wall or cooling water channels running in the wall can be used.
- it can be advantageous to spray cooling water in or on. If the grinder is not installed in a frost-protected area, the cooling water should advantageously be provided with an antifreeze additive.
- the product of the grinder is a mixture of glass fibers and powder or granular matrix material.
- FIG. 1 shows a grinder 100 of a first system part AT 1 (see, for example, FIG. 2) of a system for recycling carbon-containing composite materials with carbon-containing matrix material and fiber, thread or wire reinforcement according to a special embodiment of the present invention.
- the grinder 100 comprises a frame 106, a stator 101 which is conical in the lower region and is mounted in the frame 106, and a rotor 102 which is also conical in the lower region, the truncated cones of the The stator and the rotor form an annular gap S that tapers downwards.
- the rotor 102 is powered by a motor, e.g. B. a geared motor 103 via a shaft, e.g. B. a hollow shaft 104, driven in the geared motor 103 and a bearing, for. B. a thrust bearing 105 is stored.
- the lumen of the hollow shaft 104 is blocked at a point 104.1 and in this example has two openings 104.2 and 104.3.
- the rotor can thus be cooled by z. B. Water is let in as cooling water.
- the rotor 102 has several inspection openings 102.1 and can have devices such as. B. have baffles or spray nozzles with which the cooling water is distributed and thus heat transfer is improved.
- the pre-shredded composite materials are fed to the grinder 100 via a feed opening 101.1.
- the composite materials are ground in the tapering conical annular gap S between the stator 101 and the rotor 102 and leave the grinder 100 via a discharge opening 101.2.
- Further embodiments of the fine comminution device according to the invention include, for. B. Ball or hammer mills.
- the glass fibers can be separated from the matrix material in a separation device connected to the grinder. Complete separation is not necessary; a reduction in the glass fiber content from the original z. B. 50-60% on e.g. B. 5-15% is generally sufficient for the trouble-free further use of the material in the second part of a system according to a special embodiment of the present invention.
- a preferred separation process is sieving.
- the prerequisite for sieving is that the majority of the fibers are longer than the diameter of the powdery or granular matrix material.
- Preferably, at least 90% by weight of the fibers have a length that is greater than the diameter of 90% by weight of the matrix material.
- the density of glass is more than twice as high as that of the polymeric matrix material, e.g. B. a high degree of separation with high throughput can also be achieved with wind classifiers.
- a separation device can e.g. B. also consist of a combination of different screening systems and air classifiers.
- first part AT 1 of a system 200 comprises a coarse shredding device i, a fine shredding device 2 and a separation device 3.
- Components made of composite materials 11, the dimensions of which z. B. can be several meters, are broken or shredded in the coarse shredding device 1.
- the components can preferably be shredded to a size of approx. 50mm to approx. 800mm.
- the coarse comminution device 1 comprises only one coarse comminution device or machine.
- the fine comminution device 2 includes a hammer mill 2-1 and a grinder 2-2.
- the hammer mill 2-1 the bond between, in this example, the glass fibers 16 and the matrix material 15 is loosened. The two fractions are then separated in the grinder 2-2.
- the separation device 3 comprises an air classifier 3-1, in which part of the matrix material 15 is separated, and a sieve or a sieve device 3-2, in which the remaining material is largely completely separated into matrix material 15 and glass fibers 16.
- connections between the fine comminution device 2 and the separation device 3 are preferably designed to be closed in order to prevent the spread of dust. This also applies to the connection of the screening device 3-2 with any storage devices for, in this example, the glass fibers and the powdery matrix material.
- fluid fuels are produced from the products of the first part of the system.
- a second part of the system (not shown in FIG. 2), which is connected downstream of the first part of the system and upstream of the third part of the system, has a pyrolysis device for the production of predominantly liquid hydrocarbons or a gasification device for producing a synthesis gas with the main components hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
- the gasification device can z. B. be designed for continuous and/or batch operation.
- quasi-continuous operation can be achieved in that the system has several gas generation units with which staggered operation and material changes are possible.
- Continuous devices for syngas production are advantageous because they facilitate the process control of the downstream devices.
- Embodiments such as those described by way of example in EP2639289A1 have proven successful.
- the gasification pressure is preferably approximately 5 bar to approximately 20 bar. At ambient pressure, hydrogen production would be slightly higher, but larger volumes of gas would have to be processed and compressed in the subsequent process steps, which would reduce the overall efficiency.
- both fluidized bed and fixed bed gasification can be used.
- Fixed bed gasification enables a more stable process, especially when the quality and size of the input materials fluctuate.
- fixed bed gasification enables the inclusion of the vast majority of by-products in a vitrified and therefore extremely inert slag.
- a fixed bed gasification with a liquid glass sump as a fixed bed is particularly advantageous. Then remaining glass fiber components in the products of the first part of the system are actually advantageous because they replace the glass additive that would otherwise be required to maintain the glass sump.
- Plasma gasification can also be provided. This has the advantage that due to the high process temperatures of over 3000°C, the synthesis gas hardly contains any higher molecular weight components. The disadvantage is the lower hydrogen concentration in the synthesis gas and the very high electricity requirement.
- a combination of a gasification device with process temperatures of up to 1500 ° C with a downstream plasma gasification also has advantages Temperatures above 2000°C. This increases hydrogen production and reduces electricity requirements compared to pure plasma gasification.
- the hydrocarbon-containing mixture of the pyrolysis device is synthesized into the desired end products.
- Methanol (CO + H 2 -> CH 3 OH) or further hydrogen and carbon dioxide (CO + H 2 0 -> C0 2 + H 2 ) are preferably produced from the carbon monoxide contained in the synthesis gas .
- a produced gas mixture can be separated and the produced fluid fuel can be dispensed.
- the separation of a hydrogen-carbon dioxide mixture can in principle be carried out using all available technologies, such as: B. membrane, absorption and adsorption devices. If the gas mixture is at elevated pressures, membrane separation devices are particularly suitable because the main effort is to compress the gas mixture to approx. 10 bar, and this can at least be greatly reduced.
- the hydrogen can be released e.g. B. done using a compressor station that feeds the hydrogen produced into a line.
- This part of the system can also contain components for storing the fuel and, if necessary, for liquefying it.
- the third part of the system can also have an ammonia synthesis device in which hydrogen produced is converted into ammonia with atmospheric nitrogen (e.g. using a Haber-Bosch process) in order to convert it into a fuel that is easier to transport and store.
- an ammonia synthesis device in which hydrogen produced is converted into ammonia with atmospheric nitrogen (e.g. using a Haber-Bosch process) in order to convert it into a fuel that is easier to transport and store.
- the system can also have a system part in which waste heat from other parts of the system can be collected and made available as process heat.
- electricity can also be generated, for example, using a generator coupled to a steam turbine.
- the state of the art in gasification plants is the release of the carbon dioxide produced into the atmosphere.
- the carbon dioxide is processed for further uses. This can include components by means of which carbon dioxide produced can be compressed or liquefied and thus made available to replace fossil-produced carbon dioxide.
- the system has one or more components in order to produce oxygen to supply the gasification system.
- An electrolyzer is advantageously used, as the resulting hydrogen then further increases the overall hydrogen production of the system:
- At least one atmospheric oxygen extraction device for obtaining oxygen from the atmosphere such as. B. low-temperature rectification, pressure swing adsorption or membrane technology.
- the production of oxygen to supply the gasification device from the carbon dioxide produced is particularly advantageous.
- a preferred embodiment of the system includes devices for separating the carbon dioxide into carbon and oxygen and synthesizing the carbon into hydrocarbons, which can be further processed, for example, in a refinery to produce commercially available fuels and raw materials for the chemical industry.
- the separation devices for separating the carbon dioxide preferably have elements for generating oscillating electromagnetic or electrostatic fields, which support the separation of the C-O double formations.
- the preferred frequency of the electromagnetic fields is approximately 200 to approximately 3000 MHz.
- the preferred voltage for electrostatic fields is preferably approximately 20,000 to approximately 50,000 V.
- the carbon dioxide production in a prior art gasification device is approximately twice the mass of the carbonaceous materials to be gasified.
- the oxygen content in carbon dioxide is 16 forty-fourths its mass, ie 32 forty-fourths of the mass of the carbon-containing materials to be gasified and thus significantly more than the oxygen requirement of the gasification device, whereby the objective of covering the entire oxygen requirement of the gasification is met.
- FIG. 3 shows schematically a system 300 with a gasification device 4 according to a further special embodiment of the present invention.
- a gasification device 4 e.g. B. pumps/compressors, throttle devices, heat exchangers,
- a coarse shredding device 1 such as. B. described above with reference to Figures 1 and / or 2, comminuted, previously manually dismantled composite materials 11 via a fine comminution device 2, such as. B. described above with reference to Figures 1 and/or 2, and a separation device 3, such as. B. described above with reference to Figures 1 and/or 2, supplied to a gasification device (carburettor) 4 in a second system part AT 2 .
- Glass fibers 16 are separated in the separation device 3.
- a synthesis gas produced in the gasification device 4 with a supplied reactant 17 is fed to a steam reforming device (steam reformer) 5, and slag 13 is drawn off.
- the reactant 17 can in particular contain oxygen, carbon dioxide and/or water (steam).
- the CO portion of the synthesis gas produced in the gasification device 4 is synthesized into H 2 and CO 2 using steam produced in a steam generator 6.
- the synthesis gas can be cleaned and, if necessary, cooled.
- the H 2 / CO 2 mixture is separated in a separation device 8, ie hydrogen 12 is obtained.
- a separation device 9 in a third plant part AT 3 the remaining CO 2 is separated into oxygen and carbon and hydrocarbons are synthesized.
- the hydrocarbons can be used as fuel or as a precursor, and oxygen is metered into the carburetor 4 in this example.
- a system 400 with a pyrolysis device 40 according to a further special embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically in FIG.
- the representation of e.g. B. pumps/compressors, throttle devices, heat exchangers, conveying devices, buffer storage as well as cooling and cleaning devices etc. are omitted.
- a coarse shredding device 1 such as. B. described above with reference to Figures 1 and/or 2 and/or 3, shredded, previously manually disassembled composite materials 11 are transferred via a Fine comminution device 2, such as. B. described above with reference to Figures 1 and/or 2 and/or 3, and a separation device 3, such as. B. described above with reference to Figures 1 and/or 2 and/or 3, supplied to the pyrolysis device (pyrolysis reactor) 40 in a second system part AT 2 . Glass fibers 16 are separated in a separation device 3.
- Liquid hydrocarbons 14a and gaseous hydrocarbons 14b are produced in the pyrolysis device 40.
- FIG. 500 A further special embodiment of a system 500 according to the invention is shown in FIG.
- a first system part AT 1 previously manually dismantled composite materials 11 are fed to a coarse shredding device 1, in which the matrix material is released from the glass fiber fabric by beating, with the glass fiber fabric largely remaining intact.
- the dissolved matrix material is then comminuted in a fine comminution device 2 to a grain size of at most, for example, 1.5 mm, preferably, for example, 0.5 mm.
- this powdery ground matrix material is fed to an entrained flow gasifier in which synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide is produced.
- a synthesis gas produced in a gasification device 4 with a supplied reactant 17 is fed to a steam reforming device (steam reformer) 5, and slag 13 is drawn off.
- the reactant 17 can in particular contain oxygen, carbon dioxide and/or water (steam).
- the steam reformer 5 the CO portion of the synthesis gas produced in the gasification device 4 is synthesized into H 2 and CO 2 using steam produced in a steam generator 6.
- the synthesis gas can be cleaned and, if necessary, cooled.
- the H 2 /CO 2 mixture is separated in a separation device 8, ie hydrogen 12 is obtained.
- a separation device 9 in a third plant part AT 3 the remaining CO 2 is separated into oxygen and carbon and hydrocarbons are synthesized.
- the hydrocarbons can be used as fuel or as a precursor, and oxygen is metered into the carburetor 4 in this example.
- system parts described above can be installed in close proximity, but also separately from one another, even in different locations.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202022001351.5U DE202022001351U1 (de) | 2022-06-13 | 2022-06-13 | Vergasungsanlage |
| DE102022129731.4A DE102022129731A1 (de) | 2022-06-13 | 2022-11-10 | Verfahren und Anlage zum Recyceln von kohlenstoffhaltigen Verbundwerkstoffen mit kohlenstoffhaltigem Matrixmaterial und Faser-, Faden- oder Drahtarmierung |
| PCT/EP2023/065834 WO2023242207A2 (de) | 2022-06-13 | 2023-06-13 | Verfahren und anlage zum recyceln von kohlenstoffhaltigen verbundwerkstoffen mit kohlenstoffhaltigem matrixmaterial und faser-, faden- oder drahtarmierung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4536779A2 true EP4536779A2 (de) | 2025-04-16 |
Family
ID=86904143
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23733260.6A Pending EP4536779A2 (de) | 2022-06-13 | 2023-06-13 | Verfahren und anlage zum recyceln von kohlenstoffhaltigen verbundwerkstoffen mit kohlenstoffhaltigem matrixmaterial und faser-, faden- oder drahtarmierung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250361447A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4536779A2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023242207A2 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1123003A (en) | 1977-09-28 | 1982-05-04 | Arend Reinink | Preparation of alpha-cyanobenzyl esters |
| US4983549A (en) * | 1988-09-22 | 1991-01-08 | The Budd Company | Method for recycling plastic composite materials |
| JP5347056B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-11-20 | カーボンファイバーリサイクル工業株式会社 | 再生炭素繊維の製造装置及び再生炭素繊維の製造方法 |
| EP2639289A1 (de) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-18 | Spanner RE² GmbH | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines brennbaren Gasgemisches |
| WO2014153570A2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Transtar Group, Ltd | New and improved system for processing various chemicals and materials |
| RS55194B1 (sr) * | 2013-03-28 | 2017-01-31 | Elg Carbon Fibre Int Gmbh | Uređaj za pirolizu i postupak za regeneraciju ugljeničnih vlakana iz plastike koja sadrži ugljenična vlakna, i reciklovana ugljenična vlakna |
| CN210103856U (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2020-02-21 | 陈俊宇 | 废机动车辆粉碎残余物的燃料化处理装置 |
| WO2021048351A2 (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-03-18 | Michiel Cramwinckel | Process to convert a waste polymer product to a gaseous product |
-
2023
- 2023-06-13 EP EP23733260.6A patent/EP4536779A2/de active Pending
- 2023-06-13 WO PCT/EP2023/065834 patent/WO2023242207A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-06-13 US US18/872,715 patent/US20250361447A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023242207A2 (de) | 2023-12-21 |
| US20250361447A1 (en) | 2025-11-27 |
| WO2023242207A3 (de) | 2024-02-15 |
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