EP4487658A1 - Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselben - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselbenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4487658A1 EP4487658A1 EP23720772.5A EP23720772A EP4487658A1 EP 4487658 A1 EP4487658 A1 EP 4487658A1 EP 23720772 A EP23720772 A EP 23720772A EP 4487658 A1 EP4487658 A1 EP 4487658A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- electrode
- barrier discharge
- dielectric
- plug
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/2406—Generating plasma using dielectric barrier discharges, i.e. with a dielectric interposed between the electrodes
- H05H1/2431—Generating plasma using dielectric barrier discharges, i.e. with a dielectric interposed between the electrodes using cylindrical electrodes, e.g. rotary drums
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/2406—Generating plasma using dielectric barrier discharges, i.e. with a dielectric interposed between the electrodes
- H05H1/2439—Surface discharges, e.g. air flow control
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor using physical processes
- A61L2/14—Plasma, i.e. ionised gases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H2245/00—Applications of plasma devices
- H05H2245/30—Medical applications
- H05H2245/36—Sterilisation of objects, liquids, volumes or surfaces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for an atmospheric barrier discharge and in particular to an electrode arrangement for generating a non-thermal plasma based on a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), in the form of a plasma actuator, in particular for treating surfaces in a closed system (e.g. a disinfection chamber).
- DBD dielectric barrier discharge
- the invention further relates to a use for plug-in assembly of a device for atmospheric barrier discharge and a method for operating a device for atmospheric barrier discharge.
- a dielectric barrier discharge is a type of non-thermal plasma generated by applying an alternating voltage to electrodes separated by an insulating layer (e.g. a dielectric material).
- a DBD can be used for the removal of pollutants from gases and aqueous media, for the treatment of wounds, for the treatment of surfaces or in plasma actuators.
- the invention relates to a device for a dielectric barrier discharge for the simultaneous and separate generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in particular to a plasma actuator which operates without a fan continuously RNS and ROS, for example in a
- Conventional plasma or ionization devices typically have a dielectric made of glass, ceramic or polymers, on the inner surface of which there is an internal electrode. This can be made of electrically conductive foils/layers, metal cores, fabrics or stainless steel wool, for example. On the outer surface of the dielectric there is an external electrode made of a fabric, knitted fabric or expanded metal, for example, which is grounded (e.g. connected to a ground potential).
- DBD dielectric barrier discharge
- ozone O3
- N2O nitrous oxide
- HNO3 nitrous acid
- HNO2 nitrous acid
- ozone, dinitrogen oxide, dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) and nitric acid are formed in an afterglow region after discharge.
- plasma operated in a high frequency low voltage state has equal antimicrobial activity as plasma operated in a low frequency high voltage state when the discharge power density is the same.
- the gaseous concentrations of ozone ( O3 ) and nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2 or NOx) are quantified in the generally established “regimes” for the chemistry of a barrier discharge: a low-power ozone-dominated mode; a high-performance mode dominated by nitrogen oxides; and an intermediate, unstable transition region.
- the discharge area is the area on the outer electrode in which a closed discharge occurs. This area can be determined by a typical plasma glow under atmospheric conditions.
- a device for skin and in particular wound treatment using an atmospheric pressure plasma which has a plasma generator which has at least one electrode, at least one dielectric, an electrical supply unit and a control unit and is designed to generate the atmospheric pressure plasma by means of a dielectric barrier discharge, characterized in that the control unit is designed to operate the plasma generator in different operating modes such that the at least one electrode in a first operating mode (M1) is supplied with a first excitation energy which is sufficient to
- a second excitation energy which is sufficient to generate a plasma containing ozone (O3) is supplied, the first excitation energy being greater than the second excitation energy, the nitrogen monoxide-containing plasma generated in the first operating mode being essentially free of ozone and at most still containing traces of this compound which are practically no longer detectable analytically, and the ozone-containing plasma generated in the second operating mode being essentially free of nitrogen monoxide and at most containing the latter in practically no longer detectable traces.
- the discharge takes place as a surface microdischarge (SMD).
- a plasma source for hand disinfection is known from WO 2022/063446 A1.
- the invention relates to a device for disinfecting body areas, comprising a fan for generating an air flow and a plasma generator, wherein the plasma generator is located in the air flow, characterized in that the plasma generator has at least one plasma rod, which has a dielectric tube with an electrically conductive core inside the dielectric tube, wherein the dielectric tube has a wire wound into turns on an outer side, wherein the electrically conductive core forms an electrode pair with the wire wound on the outside, which generates a plasma when a voltage is applied.
- the dielectric tube has a wire on its outside. This wire is wound into turns along this outside.
- the electrically conductive core inside and the wire wound into turns outside the dielectric tube form an electrode pair.
- the dielectric tube with the electrode pair is also referred to as a plasma rod in the sense of WO 2022/063446 Al.
- a voltage preferably an alternating voltage
- the dielectric barrier discharge is created and thus the plasma and thus the reactive species along the surface of the dielectric tube.
- the wire on the outside of the dielectric tube is wound twice and in opposite directions. This compensates for the inductance that this winding might have.
- the double winding results in a structure similar to a coaxial cable, which does not emit electromagnetic radiation. Instead, the windings through which current flows can effectively serve to generate the plasma.
- the air flow around the dielectric tube is caused by the fan in a transverse direction.
- Dielectric barrier discharge lamp is known a dielectric barrier discharge lamp which is used, for example, as an ultraviolet light source for a photochemical reaction and in which light is emitted by "excimer” molecules which are formed by a dielectric barrier discharge.
- plasma actuators work by generating a plasma field, which creates an ionized gas cloud that acts on the flow of gases or liquids.
- the plasma field is created by applying a high voltage between two electrodes placed in a dielectric.
- the ionized gas cloud called plasma
- the ionized gas cloud then generates electrical forces and electromagnetic fields that cause flow.
- the shape and intensity of the plasma and hence the effect on the flow, can be controlled.
- Plasma actuators can also be used to generate ozone.
- a plasma actuator When a plasma actuator is applied to air or oxygen, the plasma produces an ionized Gas cloud that produces reactive oxygen compounds, including ozone (O3).
- O3 ozone
- JP2009242172A describes an ozone generating device based on a plasma actuator. Using a pair of electrodes on the back and on the surface side electrodes and an alternating voltage across the two electrodes, a surface plasma is generated at the edge of the surface electrode.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows the attachment of an outer electrode to a hollow cylindrical dielectric and a ground line as a plan view according to an embodiment.
- Fig. 2 schematically shows an atmospheric barrier discharge device according to an embodiment (right: top view; left: side view).
- Fig. 3 schematically shows a rectangular mesh fabric on (e.g. on) a dielectric (external electrode) according to an embodiment as a side view.
- Fig. 4 schematically shows the geometry of an outer electrode with slopes according to an embodiment.
- Fig. 5 schematically shows a modular arrangement of the outer electrode on the dielectric as a side view according to an embodiment (top: spiral winding; bottom: wound in modules in segments).
- Fig. 6 schematically shows an embodiment with an inner electrode made of an elastomer as a perspective view.
- Fig. 7 schematically shows an embodiment with an inner electrode made of mesh fabric as a perspective view.
- Fig. 8 shows the pressing of the inner electrode from Fig. 7 according to an embodiment schematically as a plan view.
- Fig. 9 shows a reaction chamber according to a
- a device for atmospheric barrier discharge (e.g. in the form of a plasma actuator) comprising: at least one hollow cylindrical dielectric, which has an inner surface and an outer surface and which has a dielectric constant greater than 4, a plug-in device (e.g. a mounting plate) which has at least one (e.g. integrally formed, e.g. formed in one piece, e.g. formed monolithically) holding means, on (e.g. on) which (holding means) at least one inner electrode and at least one outer electrode are arranged (e.g. by inserting, e.g. by sliding on) (e.g. mounted detachably and in particular non-destructively) and on (e.g.
- the hollow cylindrical dielectric is arranged (e.g. by inserting, e.g. by sliding on) (e.g. mounted detachably and in particular non-destructively) mounted) to be held on the plug-in device, the inner electrode which is arranged within the hollow cylindrical dielectric and (e.g. with an outer surface thereof) abuts the inner surface, and an outer electrode which has a rectangular mesh fabric (i.e. a mesh fabric whose meshes are rectangular but not square) and which (e.g. with an inner surface thereof) abuts (e.g. lies closely against/is in contact with) the outer surface of the dielectric.
- a rectangular mesh fabric i.e. a mesh fabric whose meshes are rectangular but not square
- the plug-in device can further comprise a permanent magnet (e.g. a permanent ring magnet) which is arranged coaxially to the inner electrode (e.g. in the hollow cylindrical dielectric, e.g. in the hollow cylindrical dielectric at an end facing away from the plug-in device) (e.g. so that magnetic field lines of the permanent magnet pass through discharge zones between the outer electrode and the dielectric).
- a permanent magnet e.g. a permanent ring magnet
- the plug-in device can have a plate-shaped base on which the at least one holding means is formed (e.g. integrally, e.g. in one piece, e.g. monolithically).
- the plate-shaped base can further comprise mounting elements (e.g. tabs, e.g. mounting holes) (e.g. with which the plug-in device can be mounted on pipes), which are optionally arranged on an edge of the plate-shaped base.
- mounting elements e.g. tabs, e.g. mounting holes
- the plug-in device can be mounted on pipes
- the plate-shaped base may include a photodiode support member protruding from a first surface of the plate-shaped base, and the connector device may further include a photodiode for monitoring atmospheric barrier discharge disposed on (e.g., in) the photodiode support member and exposed to the outside (i.e., toward the plasma (during operation of the device)).
- the plate-shaped base may comprise a UV-C emitting device holding element which protrudes from a first surface of the plate-shaped base, and the plug-in device may further comprise a UV-C emitting device (e.g. a UV-C light-emitting diode) which is arranged on (e.g. in) the UV-C emitting device holding element and which is exposed to the outside (i.e. (during operation of the device) to the plasma).
- a UV-C emitting device e.g. a UV-C light-emitting diode
- the at least one holding means can have a first holding element which protrudes from the first surface of the plate-shaped base (eg and is formed integrally thereon, eg is formed in one piece thereon, eg is formed monolithically thereon), and the first holding means can be configured to press (eg press) the inner electrode against the hollow cylindrical dielectric with a contact pressure between 10 N/cm 2 and 50 N/cm 2 .
- the first retaining element can be a dowel pin.
- the inner electrode can be formed from a temperature-resistant conductive elastomer (e.g. which has a specific volume resistance of 0.2 Ohm*cm to 0.004 Ohm*cm, preferably 0.008 Ohm*cm).
- a temperature-resistant conductive elastomer e.g. which has a specific volume resistance of 0.2 Ohm*cm to 0.004 Ohm*cm, preferably 0.008 Ohm*cm.
- the inner electrode can be pressed (e.g. pressed) against the inner casing surface by means of the first holding element (e.g. flatly and with uniform pressure, e.g. over the entire surface).
- the inner electrode can be formed from a mesh made of a paramagnetic material.
- the paramagnetic material can comprise an aluminum alloy (AlMg5).
- the mesh can have a mesh width w of 0.050 mm to 0.150 mm and a wire diameter d of 0.05 mm to 0.14 mm, preferably a mesh width w of 0.075 mm and a wire diameter d of 0.052 mm.
- the clamping pin may have a longitudinal slot (e.g. in a direction orthogonal to the plate-shaped base), the inner electrode may be wound around the clamping pin (e.g. in a circumferential direction thereof) to abut against an outer surface of the clamping pin, two opposite end portions of the inner electrode may be inserted (e.g. inserted) into the longitudinal slot, and the hollow cylindrical dielectric may be arranged around the clamping pin so as to press the inner electrode against the outer surface of the clamping pin.
- the first holding member may have a through hole (eg penetrating the first holding member and the plate-shaped base), the device may have an AC connection line which is electrically connected to the inner electrode, and the AC connection line may be led through the through hole of the first holding member (eg outwardly, eg outwardly with respect to the device).
- the device may have a ground connection line which is electrically connected to the outer electrode (e.g. at a connection section), the at least one holding means may have a second holding element which protrudes from the first surface of the plate-shaped base (e.g. and which is formed with a U-shaped cross section; e.g. and is formed integrally thereto, e.g. is formed in one piece thereto, e.g. is formed monolithically thereto), and the second holding means may be configured to mechanically guide the ground connection line (e.g. to fix a position of the outer electrode at least radially outwards and/or in the circumferential direction).
- the outer electrode can be formed as a hollow cylinder (e.g. having an outer electrode hollow cylinder longitudinal axis) and can have cross wires (which extend, for example, in the circumferential direction around the outer electrode cylinder longitudinal axis) as well as longitudinal wires (which extend, for example, parallel to the outer electrode cylinder longitudinal axis), the cross wires (also referred to as chain) can be formed from a conductive material (e.g. with a wire diameter of 0.25 mm to 0.35 mm, preferably 0.315 mm), and the longitudinal wires (also referred to as weft) can be formed from a conductive material (e.g. made of stainless steel) with a wire diameter that is 10% to 15% thinner (preferably 12.5% thinner) than a/the wire diameter of the cross wires.
- a conductive material e.g. made of stainless steel
- transverse wires and the longitudinal wires may form the rectangular mesh fabric, and a distance between adjacent (e.g. immediately adjacent, e.g. directly adjacent, without further transverse wires in between) transverse wires may be 4 to 6 times (preferably 5 times) the wire diameter of the longitudinal wires.
- the longitudinal wires and the transverse wires in the rectangular mesh fabric have different pitches to the dielectric.
- a first plasma actuator is thus generated on the longitudinal wires, which can be detected by a strip-shaped discharge. It is generally known that in a plasma actuator, electrode edges or wires form no or only a very small angle with the dielectric.
- the distance between the cross wires is therefore preferably 4 to 6 times, preferably 5 times, the wire diameter of the longitudinal wire. This means that it functions as a plasma actuator.
- a distance from an outermost (e.g. a last) transverse wire, which is arranged in an edge section of the rectangular mesh fabric in the longitudinal direction of the rectangular mesh fabric, to a respective free end of the longitudinal wires (e.g. which extends beyond the outermost (e.g. the last) transverse wire in the edge section) in the edge section can be 0.8 to 1.5 times (particularly advantageously 1.0 times) the distance between adjacent (e.g. immediately adjacent) transverse wires of the rectangular mesh fabric.
- a second plasma actuator is generated in the edge section at the respective free end of the longitudinal wires.
- This geometry advantageously ensures simultaneous discharge in nitrogen oxide mode (i.e. in nitrogen-dominated mode) and ozone mode (i.e. in ozone-dominated mode).
- Section edges (i.e. the free ends in the edge section, e.g. electrode edges) of the outer electrode form a non-thermal "surface micro discharge” discharge (SMD ozone mode) and a “volume dielectric barrier discharge” discharge (VDBD nitrogen oxide mode) forms below the outer electrode.
- SMD ozone mode non-thermal "surface micro discharge” discharge
- VDBD nitrogen oxide mode volume dielectric barrier discharge
- DBE dielectric barrier discharge
- a rectangular mesh fabric Compared to square mesh fabrics, a rectangular mesh fabric preferably has a higher density of wires, which means that a larger proportion of the electrode surface is activated. This leads to a higher plasma output and a higher efficiency of the DBE.
- Another advantage of rectangular mesh fabrics is the ability to change the orientation of the wires to control the direction of the electric field. This helps to distribute the plasma more evenly and avoid hotspots that lead to undesirable effects, such as the formation of excessive ozone concentrations.
- a use of a device described above for plug-in assembly (e.g. for plug-in assembly as a single unit, e.g. for plug-in assembly as a single unit without dismantling the device) of the device by means of the plug-in device in a predefined opening on a reactor (e.g. a disinfection cabinet) is provided.
- a reactor e.g. a disinfection cabinet
- a method for operating an atmospheric barrier discharge device described above comprising: applying an alternating voltage having a voltage value (eg a voltage amplitude) and a frequency between the inner electrode and the outer electrode to generate an atmospheric barrier discharge (eg a plasma) at the outer electrode; measuring a UV intensity of the generated atmospheric barrier discharge by means of the photodiode; controlling the voltage value and the frequency based on the measured UV intensity so that the atmospheric barrier discharge device is in the region of an electrical resonance state (eg an electrical resonance state of the atmospheric barrier discharge device).
- a voltage value eg a voltage amplitude
- a frequency between the inner electrode and the outer electrode to generate an atmospheric barrier discharge (eg a plasma) at the outer electrode
- an atmospheric barrier discharge eg a plasma
- the method may further comprise controlling the voltage value and the frequency so that an ozone-dominated plasma and a nitrogen oxide-dominated plasma are generated simultaneously and spatially separated from one another in the atmospheric barrier discharge device.
- the method may further comprise: operating the atmospheric barrier discharge device on a reactor (e.g. a disinfection cabinet); supplying filtered (e.g. dedusted) air from outside the reactor (e.g. from the atmosphere) through the atmospheric barrier discharge device; plasma-treating the supplied air by means of the atmospheric barrier discharge device; supplying the plasma-treated air into the reactor.
- a reactor e.g. a disinfection cabinet
- filtered air e.g. dedusted
- outside the reactor e.g. from the atmosphere
- plasma-treating the supplied air by means of the atmospheric barrier discharge device supplying the plasma-treated air into the reactor.
- an embodiment provides a device 10 for atmospheric barrier discharge, which has: at least one hollow cylindrical dielectric 2, which has an inner surface 2a and an outer surface 2b and which has a dielectric constant greater than 4, a plug-in device 3, which has at least one holding means 3a, 3b, 3c, on which at least one inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b and at least one outer electrode 1 are arranged and on which the hollow cylindrical dielectric 2 is arranged in order to be held on the plug-in device 3, the inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b, which is arranged within the hollow cylindrical dielectric 2 and rests on the inner surface (of the hollow cylindrical dielectric 2) 2a, and an outer electrode 1, which has a rectangular mesh fabric 21 and which rests on the outer surface 2b of the hollow cylindrical dielectric 2.
- a length of the inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b (e.g. in a longitudinal direction/axial direction of the device) is at least twice as large as a length of the outer electrode 1 (e.g. in the longitudinal direction/axial direction of the device).
- the plug-in device 3 can be designed such that it can be easily attached to existing (e.g. external to the invention) pipelines or various (e.g. external to the invention) reactor components (e.g. reactors).
- the device can be used for disinfection and/or odor neutralization of equipment, clothing, in particular shoes (boots), technical or medical products and objects, food, animals, in particular beehives, for mite removal in a closed system.
- the device may further comprise an electrical
- Supply unit (e.g. for supplying voltage to the inner electrode
- control unit e.g. for controlling the device 10 and/or for controlling the voltage supply to the device 10.
- the control unit can be configured to operate the device 10 (i.e. the plasma generator) via the light intensity of the plasma with an optimal excitation energy such that (simultaneously) at least one region of the outer electrode 1 can be operated (e.g. are operated) in a nitrogen oxide mode (VDPE) and at least two regions of the outer electrode 1 in an ozone mode (SMD, e.g. SMD mode).
- VDPE nitrogen oxide mode
- SMD e.g. SMD mode
- the plug device 3 can further comprise a permanent magnet 8 which is arranged coaxially to the inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b.
- the ozone concentration can be increased or decreased depending on the arrangement of the poles (south or north pole in relation to the inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b). It was also found that the discharges occur more homogeneously in a magnetic field. This is explained by the fact that the filaments in a DBD are not evenly distributed over the dielectric 2, but are formed from numerous microfilaments. When a magnetic field is applied, the vector of the magnetic induction is perpendicular to the filaments. Consequently, a Lorentz force occurs which influences the dimension, uniformity and orientation of the filaments and thus changes the ozone and nitrogen oxide concentration.
- the use of a magnetic field contributes to a reduction in undesirable effects.
- the ionization tube ie the plasma tube
- the plasma head ie the plasma tube, eg the device 10
- the plasma head can be attached/fastened to a magnetizable material without further fastening elements.
- the plug device 3 can have a plate-shaped base 11, on (e.g. on) which the at least one holding means 3a, 3b, 3c is formed.
- the plate-shaped base 11 can further comprise mounting elements 3d (e.g. tabs, e.g. mounting holes) (e.g. with which the plug device 3 can be mounted on pipelines), which are optionally arranged on an edge of the plate-shaped base 11.
- mounting elements 3d e.g. tabs, e.g. mounting holes
- the plug device 3 can be mounted on pipelines
- the plate-shaped base 11 may have a photodiode holding member 12 which protrudes from a first surface 13 of the plate-shaped base 11, and the connector 3 may further have a photodiode 9 for monitoring the atmospheric barrier discharge which is arranged on the photodiode holding member 12 and which is exposed to the outside.
- the photodiode 9 can convert incident UV-C light into electrical current. Due to this photo effect, the device 10 (e.g. the plasma actuator) can be controlled/regulated via the voltage supplied (e.g. via the control unit).
- the plasma intensity which depends heavily on the air humidity and temperature in addition to the excitation frequency, the excitation voltage and the excitation current strength, can thus be continuously measured and regulated.
- the ozone and negative ion concentration can also be approximately determined/determined and controlled/regulated using a photodiode 9.
- the plate-shaped base 11 may comprise a UV-C emitting device holding element 12 which protrudes from the first surface 13 of the plate-shaped base 11, and the plug-in device 3 may further comprise a UV-C emitting device (eg a UV-C light emitting diode, eg a UV-C light emitting diode emitting in the wavelength range from 254 nm to 280 nm) 9 which is arranged on the UV-C emitting device holding element 12 and which is exposed to the outside (eg (during operation of the device 10) towards the plasma).
- a UV-C emitting device eg a UV-C light emitting diode, eg a UV-C light emitting diode emitting in the wavelength range from 254 nm to 280 nm
- Fig. 2 and Fig. 7 show, by way of example, various positions at which the photodiode holding element 12 or the UV-C emitting device holding element 12 can be arranged.
- the position thereof can be selected depending, among other things, on which air flow is to be generated.
- the photodiode holding element 12 or the UV-C emitting device holding element 12 can advantageously contribute to a turbulence of air (and thus generate an air flow and/or influence it).
- a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is irradiated with a UV-C lamp (e.g. a UV-C emitting device 9) - under atmospheric conditions - with a spectrum of 254 nm to 280 nm, various chemical reactions take place. These reactions are part of a complex process known as plasma chemistry.
- UV-C radiation causes oxygen molecules to be excited and form reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen (O2*) or hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2*).
- all attachments of a device for dielectric barrier discharge 10 are integrated on (e.g. on) a plug-in device 3 (e.g. integrally, e.g. in one piece, e.g.
- the use of the Plug-in device 3 enables thinner material to be used for the inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b compared to the prior art, and at the same time the device 10 of the embodiment can be produced quickly and inexpensively.
- the use of the plug-in device 3 also enables the inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b to be pressed flatly onto/against the dielectric 2 with uniform pressure by means of a first holding means 3a, 3b (e.g. a dowel pin).
- the at least one holding means 3a, 3b, 3c can have a first holding element 3a, 3b which protrudes from the first surface 13 of the plate-shaped base 11 (eg and is integrally formed thereon, eg is formed in one piece thereon, eg is formed monolithically thereon), and the first holding means 3a, 3b can be designed to press the inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b against the hollow cylindrical dielectric 2 with a contact pressure between 10 N/cm 2 and 50 N/cm 2 .
- the first holding element 3a, 3b can be a dowel pin.
- the inner electrode 4, 4a can be formed from a temperature-resistant conductive elastomer (e.g. from a round hollow profile of a temperature-resistant conductive elastomer).
- the inner electrode 4, 4a can be, for example, a silicone-based conductive elastomer that is temperature-resistant up to at least 125 °C and has a specific volume resistance of 0.2 Ohm*cm to 0.004 Ohm*cm, particularly preferably 0.008 Ohm*cm.
- the inner electrode 4, 4a can be pressed against the inner surface 2a by means of the first holding element 3a (e.g. over its entire surface).
- an outer diameter of the elastomer (ie the inner electrode 4, 4a) before assembly (ie clamping) is 5% to 10%, particularly preferably 5% to 6%, smaller than an inner diameter of the cylindrical Dielectric 2.
- Homogenously distributed, conductive solid particles in the elastomer (ie in the inner electrode 4, 4a) can be silver-coated balls made of nickel, copper, aluminum or glass, particularly preferably copper.
- the conductive elastomer can be produced, for example, by extrusion; the conductive solid particles are aligned in a web-like manner in the axial direction, which has a positive effect on an extension of the filaments in the SMD area.
- the inner electrode 4, 4b can alternatively be formed from a mesh made of a paramagnetic material.
- the inner electrode 4, 4b can, for example, have a finely structured wire mesh made of a paramagnetic material, which can be formed from an aluminum alloy (AlMg5).
- AlMg5 aluminum alloy
- a mesh size of w 0.098 mm to 0.150 mm and a wire diameter d of 0.05 mm to 0.14 mm are preferred, a mesh size of 0.075 mm and a wire diameter of 0.052 mm are particularly preferred.
- the electron temperature of the plasma generated with an aluminum inner electrode 4, 4b can be lower than with others when using Ag inner electrodes, Cu inner electrodes and stainless steel inner electrodes due to the uniform electrical discharge (laminar ionization). It was found that when using Al internal electrodes 4, 4a, the reactive species are generated in higher concentrations - in terms of the intensities, types of ions and number of ions - than when using Ag internal electrodes, and Cu internal electrodes and stainless steel internal electrodes. With this electrode configuration of rectangular mesh fabric 21 and aluminum mesh electrode, a ratio of negative ions to positive ions of 0.9 to 1.1 is preferably achieved.
- the clamping pin 3b can have a longitudinal slot 14, (here) the inner electrode 4, 4b can be wound/wound around the clamping pin 3b in order to rest against an outer surface 15 of the clamping pin 3b, (here) two opposite end portions 16, 17 of the inner electrode 4, 4b can be inserted into the longitudinal slot 14, and (here) the hollow cylindrical dielectric 2 can be arranged around the clamping pin 3b in such a way that it presses the inner electrode 4, 4b against the outer surface 15 of the clamping pin 3b.
- the first holding member 3a, 3b may have a through hole 18.
- the through hole may penetrate the first holding member 3a, 3b along a longitudinal direction thereof.
- the through hole 18 may penetrate the plug device 3 as well as the plate-shaped base 11.
- the device 10 can have an alternating voltage connection line 6 which is electrically connected to the inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b.
- the alternating voltage connection line 6 can be connected to an external voltage supply in order to supply an alternating voltage to the inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b.
- the AC voltage connection line 6 can be guided through the through hole 18 of the first holding element 3a, 3b. This makes it possible for the inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b to be supplied with a voltage from the outside (e.g. from the electrical supply unit, e.g. from the electrical supply unit and controlled by means of the control unit).
- the device 10 can have a ground connection line 5 which is electrically connected to the outer electrode 1.
- the ground connection line 5 can be pressed with a clamping force of 150 N/cm 2 to 250 N/cm 2 , particularly preferably with 200 N/cm 2 , to a connection section 7 of the outer electrode 1 and fixed thereto.
- the ground connection line 5 can be grounded and/or connected to a ground potential.
- the at least one holding means 3a, 3b, 3c can be a second
- the second holding means 3c can be designed to mechanically guide the ground connection line 5.
- the second holding element 3c can be designed with a U-shaped cross-section which is open, for example, in the direction of the first holding element 3a, 3b.
- additional air turbulence can be caused by the second holding element 3c, which can reinforce the corresponding effects by means of the photodiode holding element 12 or the UV-C emitting device holding element 12.
- the outer electrode 1 can be formed as a hollow cylinder (from ) and the outer electrode 1 can have transverse wires 1b and longitudinal wires la (cf. Fig. 3).
- the transverse wires 1b can be formed from a conductive material.
- the longitudinal wires la can be formed from a conductive material with a wire diameter that is 10% to 15% thinner than a wire diameter of the transverse wires 1b.
- the transverse wires 1b i.e., wires extending in the transverse direction
- the longitudinal wires la i.e., wires extending in the longitudinal direction
- a distance between adjacent transverse wires 1b may be 4 to 6 times the wire diameter of the longitudinal wires la.
- a distance from an outermost (eg last) transverse wire 19, which is arranged in an edge section 20 of the rectangular mesh fabric 21 in the longitudinal direction of the rectangular mesh fabric 21, to a respective free end 30 of the longitudinal wires 1a (eg extending over the outermost (e.g. (last) cross wire 19 extends out into the edge section 20) in the edge section 20 is 0.8 to 1.5 times (particularly advantageously 1.0 times) the distance between adjacent (e.g. immediately adjacent) cross wires 1b of the rectangular mesh fabric 21.
- the respective free ends 30 can have a knife-edged or needle-like section edge (e.g. electrode edge).
- the configuration shown for one end of the rectangular mesh fabric 21 applies equally to the opposite end of the rectangular mesh fabric 21 (not highlighted in Fig. 3, but shown in the result). This results in/creates a first plasma actuator 11a at the end of the longitudinal wires la.
- one embodiment provides the use of a device 10 described in this application for plug-mounting the device 10 by means of the plug device 3 in a predefined opening on a reactor.
- an embodiment provides a method for operating an atmospheric barrier discharge device 10 described in this application, the method comprising: applying an alternating voltage with a voltage value and a frequency between the inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b (e.g. by means of the alternating voltage connection line 6) and the outer electrode 1 (e.g. by means of the ground connection line 5) to generate an atmospheric barrier discharge at the outer electrode 1; measuring a UV intensity of the generated atmospheric barrier discharge (i.e. the generated plasma) by means of the photodiode 9; controlling the voltage value and the frequency based on the measured UV intensity so that the atmospheric barrier discharge device 10 is in the region of an electrical resonance state (e.g. an electrical
- the method may further comprise: controlling the voltage value and the frequency so that an ozone-dominated plasma and a nitrogen-dominated plasma are generated simultaneously and spatially separated from one another in the atmospheric barrier discharge device 10.
- the method may further comprise: operating the device 10 for atmospheric barrier discharge on a reactor (e.g. a disinfection cabinet); supplying filtered air from outside the reactor through the device 10 for atmospheric barrier discharge; plasma-treating the supplied air by means of the device 10 for atmospheric barrier discharge; supplying the plasma-treated air into the reactor.
- a reactor e.g. a disinfection cabinet
- a dielectric barrier discharge emits a wide range of electromagnetic radiation, including ultraviolet radiation (UV).
- UV radiation There are two types of UV radiation that can be emitted by a DBD: UV-C (wavelength from 100 nm - 280 nm) and UV vacuum (wavelength from 10 nm - 200 nm).
- the UVC radiance of an SMD plasma is mainly determined by the discharge power.
- the UVC radiance initially increases linearly. This is because at higher discharge powers more electrons and ions are generated in the plasma, which then lead to a higher number of UVC photons.
- the plasma can be regulated and controlled in a simple manner, in particular the power density of the SMD area is controlled to 0.1 W/cm 2 to 0.2 W/cm 2 .
- an atmospheric barrier discharge device e.g. a plasma module
- an atmospheric barrier discharge device e.g. a plasma module
- at least two different operating modes which can be manufactured inexpensively and without welds and chemically harmful adhesives and can be easily integrated into existing reactors.
- the excitation energies for forming at least two different operating modes are designed in such a way that they lead to the formation of at least two different chemically composed plasmas.
- the outer electrode 1 is divided into at least two segments, an inner region of the outer electrode 1 and an outer region of the outer electrode 1.
- An inner region of the outer electrode 1 can be formed from a rectangular mesh fabric 21 with at least two different wire thicknesses (the longitudinal wires 1a and the transverse wires 1b), which forms the nitrogen oxide mode, preferably produces RNA and carries out the generation of the RNA largely by means of a "volume electrical barrier discharge” (VDBD).
- VDBD volume electrical barrier discharge
- An outer region is formed from electrode edges of the outer electrode 1, which, due to sharp edges, leads to an improved corona discharge, a more frequent occurrence of micro-discharges and a higher temperature in the discharge region.
- the electrode edges which are operated in ozone mode, lead to a significant increase in the energy densities and the effective discharge lengths of the dielectric surface discharge. This discharge at the section edges/electrode edges is generally referred to as "surface micro discharge” (SMD).
- SMD surface micro discharge
- the micro-discharges occurring at the (e.g. sharp-edged) section edges and the effective discharge lengths at the section edges reduce the necessary ignition voltage and enable the ozone mode. Due to the micro-discharges on the dielectric 2, the temperature at the section edges is around 20% higher than in the VDBD area, which further reduces the ignition voltage.
- This grid-shaped outer electrode 1 is basically thin and has a knife-edge or needle-like section edge at the axially directed ends (e.g. the ends in its longitudinal direction). This leads to high field strengths being created at the ends at which discharges occur in an atmospheric gas, such as air. In this way, a creeping discharge-like discharge is created combined with a large number of microplasmas.
- This SMD area at the section edges is suitably optimized so that the proportion of ozone is as high as possible and the proportion of nitrogen oxides as low as possible.
- the maximum ozone content of the plasma generated in ozone mode is generally lower than the hygienic limit values for ozone, which are 0.1 ppm as a threshold value and 0.3 ppm as a maximum limit.
- a sieve cylinder as an external electrode (e.g. a mesh external electrode) is disadvantageous if the warp and weft of the fabric have the same wire diameter and the same mesh size.
- Dirt particularly ammonium nitrite and ammonium nitrate, accumulates in the pores of the fabric in the form of a white deposit. These are by-products and are primarily formed from a reaction between ammonia and ozone, which is formed in the gas to be treated. especially ambient air, in low concentrations.
- transverse wires 1b chain
- a conductive wire with a wire diameter of 0.25 to 0.35 mm, preferably 0.315 mm
- the longitudinal wires 1a weft
- a conductive material preferably stainless steel
- the distances between the longitudinal wires la can be between 0.30 mm and 0.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.45 mm.
- the distances between the transverse wires 1b can be 3 times to 4 times, particularly preferably 3.2 times, the distances between the longitudinal wires la.
- the wires that are 10% to 15% thinner are longitudinal wires la in the longitudinal direction.
- the term longitudinal direction means that the thinner wires are arranged parallel to the axis (eg longitudinal axis, eg cylinder axis) of the hollow cylindrical dielectric 2.
- the transverse wires 1b are understood to mean those wires in the rectangular mesh fabric 21 which are guided tangentially around the hollow cylindrical dielectric 2 (e.g. and are perpendicular to the longitudinal wires la).
- the electrode arrangement i.e. an arrangement of inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b and outer electrode 1 can be designed such that the dielectric barrier discharge can be caused (e.g. is caused) simultaneously with two different operating modes.
- the rectangular mesh fabric 21 can be designed such that the supplied excitation energy is sufficient to generate a nitrogen species (RNS)-containing plasma and at the same time to generate an oxygen species (ROS/ozone)-containing plasma.
- a rectangular mesh fabric 21 can be a fabric which can be formed from parallel longitudinal wires 1a and transverse wires 1b which are woven together at right angles.
- the size of the mesh is usually given in mesh width, which describes the distance between the parallel wires in the longitudinal direction (i.e. the longitudinal wires 1a) and transverse direction (i.e. the transverse wires 1b) of the fabric.
- the mesh width can also be defined by the number of meshes per square centimeter or by the weight of the fabric per square meter.
- the field strength is selected such that the length of the micro-discharges preferably occurs/discharges between 1.0 mm and 3 mm, particularly preferably between 1.8 mm and 2.0 mm on the surface of the hollow cylindrical dielectric 2 in the SMD area.
- the field strength is lower and thus the excitation energy is lower than at the thinner wires of the cylindrical outer electrode 1 and the excitation energy is sufficient to generate a nitrogen-containing gas.
- the rectangular mesh fabric 21 can be used as an electrode in the DBD to enlarge the discharge zone and/or increase the gas discharge efficiency.
- the combination of different wire diameters can help to generate a more uniform discharge in the rectangular mesh fabric 21 and modify the electric field to achieve a more effective discharge.
- the device 10 can enable the simultaneous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), whereby the generation of ozone concentrations above 0.3 ppm can be avoided.
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- RNS reactive nitrogen species
- the electrodes may be designed such that the atmospheric barrier discharge device 10 (i.e., the plasma head) functions as a plasma actuator which generates a flow comprising plasma gas by generating a plasma field.
- the atmospheric barrier discharge device 10 i.e., the plasma head
- N2O5 is considered to be highly water-soluble, which increases a germ reaction on surfaces. Due to a humidity of 20% to 60%, surfaces, especially fabrics, have a basic moisture level in which N2O5 is particularly well absorbed and effectively contributes to disinfection.
- the device 10 can be designed such that it has a modular and segmented structure.
- the plug-in device 3 is designed such that it can be designed in parallel or, particularly preferably, in series (i.e., several plug-in devices 3 can be arranged/connected in parallel or in series).
- the total discharge power can be adapted to an air flow.
- segmented electrodes e.g. outer electrode 1
- edge effect i.e. the effect that discharges occur preferentially at (sharp) section edges, for example
- many current pulses with lower amplitude can be generated/observed.
- the significant increase in micro-discharges means that more discharge channels are/are generated.
- the main reason for this is the locally increased corona discharge caused by the section edge of the electrode (e.g. outer electrode 1).
- the device according to the embodiment/invention is for disinfection and/or odor neutralization of equipment, clothing, in particular shoes (boots), technical or medical products and objects, food, animals, especially beehives, intended for mite removal in a closed system.
- the plasma actuator can generate an air flow containing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which can be located, for example, in a closed system (reaction chamber) with a volume of max. 5 m 3 .
- the excitation energy depends on the dielectric barrier voltage. According to the embodiment/invention, this is adjusted to such an extent that typical filamentary microdischarges occur starting at the sharp-edged section edges.
- a discharge forms on the thinner wires of the rectangular mesh fabric 21 in the VDBD range. From a current strength of approximately 1 mA per cm2 of the rectangular mesh fabric 21, a discharge begins on the thicker wires, and thus a simultaneous discharge in the ozone and nitrogen oxide modes. After a run-in phase of approximately 5 minutes, the optimal temperatures in the plasma actuator can be established.
- These optimal temperatures are preferably from 20 °C to 60 °C, more preferably from 25 °C to 60 °C, particularly preferably from 40 °C to 50 °C in the nitrogen oxide mode (VDBD range) and from 40 °C to 70 °C, particularly preferably from 45 °C to 60 °C, particularly preferably from 45 °C to 50 °C in the ozone mode (SMD range).
- VDBD range nitrogen oxide mode
- SMD range ozone mode
- the device 10 according to the embodiment/invention can have a ratio of a diameter of the hollow cylindrical dielectric 2 to the electrode length of the outer electrode 1 of 1 to 2, preferably from 1 to 1.8, particularly preferably from 1.2 to 1.3.
- the device 10 according to the embodiment/invention can have a ratio of a length of the outer electrode 1 to the discharge width in the SMD range preferably from 3 to 10, particularly preferably from 4 to 8, most preferably from 4.4 to 4.6. This means that at the section edges, with a given electrode configuration and a design of the dielectric 2 according to the embodiment/invention, with a dielectric constant of 4.6 and a wall thickness s of 0.8 m, a discharge width of 1.8 mm to 2 mm can be observed at the section edges.
- the outer electrode 1 can be wound spirally on the dielectric 2 (see Fig. 5 above) and/or arranged in modules in segments (see Fig. 5 below).
- the wires e.g. the longitudinal wires la and the transverse wires 1b
- the wires have different pitches 12a, 12b to the dielectric 2.
- a second plasma actuator can thus be generated on the longitudinal wires la, which can be determined by a strip-shaped discharge 11b (see Fig. 3).
- the electrode edges or wires form no or only a very small angle to the dielectric 2.
- the distance between the transverse wires 1b can therefore preferably be 4 to 10 times, particularly preferably 5 times, a wire diameter of the longitudinal wire la.
- the plasma head functions as a plasma actuator.
- the length of the plasma in a surface microdischarge (SMD) at the section edges affects ozone production and is influenced by the dielectric constant.
- the dielectric constant is a measure of how easily a material allows electric field lines to penetrate.
- SMD surface microdischarge
- an electric field is generated between two electrodes that are separated by a thin layer of dielectric. The dielectric influences the distribution of the electric field and thus also the length of the plasma from the section edges.
- a higher value of the dielectric constant of the dielectric generally leads to a greater attenuation of the electric field and thus to a shorter plasma length.
- a lower value of the dielectric constant leads to a lesser attenuation of the electric field and thus to a longer plasma length.
- a material for the dielectric with high dielectric strength and low power loss is preferred in order to ensure effective insulation between the electrodes (i.e. the inner electrode 4, 4a, 4b and the outer electrode 1) and to achieve a high power density.
- a material with a dielectric loss factor (tan cp) of 10*10 ⁇ 4 to 30*10 ⁇ 4 is used.
- the glass tube (ie the hollow cylindrical dielectric 2) can be made of borosilicate glass.
- the use of borosilicate glass, with a wall thickness of 0.8 mm, whose dielectric constant s is approximately between 4.3 and 5.5, preferably s 4.9, contributes to a discharge in which the temperature development and the length of the discharges are advantageous, particularly in the ozone mode (SMD range).
- the total power density can be from 0.5 W/cm 2 to 2.2 W/cm 2 , particularly preferably 1.5 W/cm 2 , over the entire discharge surface of the outer electrode 1. This results in a power density of 0.1 W/cm 2 to 0.2 W/cm 2 in the ozone mode (SMD range).
- a high minimum electron density is required for a dielectric barrier discharge to achieve an ignition voltage.
- This required minimum electron density is possible in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBE) through charge carrier deposition on the dielectric 2 and residual conductivity of the ionized air in the gas space of the outer electrode 1.
- DBE dielectric barrier discharge
- This characteristic of the DBE is also known as the memory effect.
- a high dielectric constant in combination with a frequency in the kHz range leads to increased filament formation and a weak development of the SMD area due to the memory effect.
- the air concentration of positively and negatively charged oxygen ions can be continuously measured.
- the measuring range is 0 to 40 million ions/cm 3 .
- a negative ion concentration of 1.1 million negative ions per cm 3 is determined - under atmospheric conditions such as 47.30% relative humidity, 942 hPa and 20 °C - at a distance of 30 cm from the plasma head.
- plasma generated/operated in the high frequency low voltage state has the same antimicrobial activity as plasma generated in the Low frequency high voltage state is generated/operated when the discharge power density is the same.
- the device 10 according to the embodiment/invention can be operated at a frequency outside the human hearing range in the resonance frequency. Frequencies of, for example, 17 kHz to 50 kHz are preferred, depending on the capacity of the device according to the embodiment/invention. Frequencies of, for example, 20 kHz to 35 kHz are particularly preferred. At these frequencies, due to the memory effect, micro-discharges in the range of preferably 1.8 mm to 2.0 mm can be generated/detected.
- the dielectrics e.g. the hollow cylindrical dielectric 2
- their properties play a crucial role in the formation of plasma.
- One of these properties is the type of dielectric material, the second of these properties is the thickness of the dielectric barrier and the third of these properties is the surface roughness of the dielectric barrier.
- the roughness of the surface has a great influence on the generation of plasma.
- the rougher the dielectric surface is the more electrons it can hold and the more seed electrons it can provide for the next AC half-cycle discharge of the DBD.
- the surface roughness of the dielectric material reduces the electric breakdown field due to its uneven surface.
- a roughness of the surface under the outer electrode 1 of Ra 1.5 pm to 10 pm is preferred, more preferably from 2 pm to 8 pm pm, most preferably from 3 pm to 5 pm. This refers exclusively to the roughness under the outer electrode 1.
- the surfaces in the SMD area should be smooth in order to increase the length of the micro-discharges.
- the roughness is preferably produced by sandblasting.
- the embodiment/invention can be operated with a 12 V low voltage supply.
- the required amount of energy can be generated from sunlight and daylight. This is particularly advantageous when small mobile systems are operated in the open air and there is no (stationary) power grid.
- the 12 V low voltage is then generated via electronic regulation of the operating voltage from 600 Vrms to 1.3 kVrms.
- the energy input when using the device 10 according to the embodiment/invention can be less than 1 watt per m 3 (W/m 3 ) in closed treatment volumes, preferably less than about 0.8 W/m 3 .
- This energy input is calculated by dividing the energy expenditure measured for the ionization of the air by the volume of the reactor system into which the air is introduced.
- the degree of ionization of the air can be less than 90 vol.%, more preferably less than 80 vol.%, in particular less than 70 vol.%, even more preferably less than 60 vol.%, even more preferably less than 50 vol.%, more preferably less than 40 vol.%, in particular less than 30 vol.%, and most preferably less than 20 vol.%.
- the degree of ionization as stated herein does not refer to the (total) oxygen present, but to the ozone threshold value.
- the degree of ionization is linear to the power density at the outer electrode 1.
- this can only be determined at operating temperatures below 60 °C and is therefore a measure of the intensity of the plasma under atmospheric conditions such as those found in the reaction chamber. According to ATEX guidelines, under atmospheric conditions usually
- Ambient temperature from -20 °C to 60 °C and a pressure range between 0.8 bar and 1.1 bar.
- the treatment of the air volume can additionally preferably be carried out with the plasma actuator 10 in a closed system 40 in a continuous process.
- the plasma gas generated, which contains RNS and ROS, is then directed/guided to the objects (e.g. items) 25 to be treated (see Fig. 9).
- a constant air circulation 21 can be made possible, for example, with a fan 22.
- the air of the constant circulation is treated, whereby the air flow is not necessarily directed directly to the plasma actuator 10.
- the device 10 according to the embodiment/invention enables an independent air flow due to the electrode geometry.
- filtered air is particularly preferably directed from outside the reactor via a flow 24 to the plasma actuator 10. This reduces possible contamination of the plasma actuator (e.g. the device 10) by dust and dirt particles in the circulation.
- Dust filters 23 of ISO classes Gl to G3 are particularly preferably used for air filtration.
- the continuous treatment time for disinfection is between 1 minute and 120 minutes, more preferably between 20 minutes and 60 minutes, particularly preferably between 25 minutes and 35 minutes.
- the treatment of the circulating air enriched with RNS and ROS can be carried out in such a way that an inactivation (log reduction) of the concentrations of microorganisms and viruses on the surfaces to be treated occurs by at least log 3, more preferably by log 4, even more preferably by log 5 and most preferably by log 6.
- the germ count of the "untreated" surface is measured, i.e. before treatment with ROS and RNS. This gives the initial value. This initial value is compared with the final value, which is measured after the plasma treatment has ended.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24209162.7A EP4492594B1 (de) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselben |
| EP24209158.5A EP4492593B1 (de) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselben |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/059418 WO2024213224A1 (de) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselben |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP24209162.7A Division-Into EP4492594B1 (de) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselben |
| EP24209162.7A Division EP4492594B1 (de) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselben |
| EP24209158.5A Division-Into EP4492593B1 (de) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselben |
| EP24209158.5A Division EP4492593B1 (de) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselben |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4487658A1 true EP4487658A1 (de) | 2025-01-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP24209158.5A Active EP4492593B1 (de) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselben |
| EP24209162.7A Active EP4492594B1 (de) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselben |
| EP23720772.5A Pending EP4487658A1 (de) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselben |
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| EP24209158.5A Active EP4492593B1 (de) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselben |
| EP24209162.7A Active EP4492594B1 (de) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | Vorrichtung zur atmosphärischen barriereentladung, verwendung derselben zur steckmontage und verfahren zum betreiben derselben |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
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| EP (3) | EP4492593B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2026512361A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250170658A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN121003006A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2023442028A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024213224A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW348262B (en) | 1993-09-08 | 1998-12-21 | Ushio Electric Inc | Dielectric barrier discharge lamp |
| US6896854B2 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2005-05-24 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Nonthermal plasma systems and methods for natural gas and heavy hydrocarbon co-conversion |
| JP2009242172A (ja) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-22 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | オゾン発生装置 |
| KR101003729B1 (ko) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-12-23 | 낙천 제임스 백 | 공기 청정 및 살균용 플라즈마 발생장치 |
| EP3650408A1 (de) * | 2011-10-03 | 2020-05-13 | NitricGen, Inc. | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erzeugung von stickoxid in kontrollierten und genauen mengen |
| KR101233568B1 (ko) * | 2012-07-30 | 2013-02-15 | 이승렬 | 플라즈마 발생기 및 이를 이용한 악취 저감 장치 |
| US20150105716A1 (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2015-04-16 | Orteron (T.O) Ltd. | Physical means and methods for inducing regenerative effects on living tissues and fluids |
| US20150343109A1 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-12-03 | Novaerus Patent Limited | Coil Assembly for Plasma Generation |
| CN106376167B (zh) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-03-12 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | 一种抑制脱落及控制沉积物脱落尺寸的离子推力器阳极筒 |
| KR102179715B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-29 | 2020-11-17 | (주)에스제이글로벌 | 플라즈마 방전으로 생성된 살균수와 레이저 광에 따른 2차적 멸균이 가능한 질 세정 기기 |
| DE102017106570A1 (de) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | Cinogy Gmbh | Flächige flexible Auflageanordnung |
| DE102019006536B3 (de) | 2019-09-16 | 2020-12-31 | Blv Licht- Und Vakuumtechnik Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Haut- und insbesondere Wundbehandlung unter Verwendung von Plasma |
| WO2022063446A1 (de) | 2020-09-23 | 2022-03-31 | DBD Plasma GmbH | Plasmaquelle zur handdesinfektion |
-
2023
- 2023-04-11 CN CN202380096862.6A patent/CN121003006A/zh active Pending
- 2023-04-11 EP EP24209158.5A patent/EP4492593B1/de active Active
- 2023-04-11 JP JP2025559790A patent/JP2026512361A/ja active Pending
- 2023-04-11 AU AU2023442028A patent/AU2023442028A1/en active Pending
- 2023-04-11 KR KR1020257036980A patent/KR20250170658A/ko active Pending
- 2023-04-11 WO PCT/EP2023/059418 patent/WO2024213224A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-11 EP EP24209162.7A patent/EP4492594B1/de active Active
- 2023-04-11 EP EP23720772.5A patent/EP4487658A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4492594B1 (de) | 2026-02-04 |
| EP4492594A2 (de) | 2025-01-15 |
| WO2024213224A1 (de) | 2024-10-17 |
| EP4492594C0 (de) | 2026-02-04 |
| EP4492593B1 (de) | 2026-02-25 |
| EP4492594A3 (de) | 2025-03-12 |
| EP4492593A3 (de) | 2025-03-26 |
| EP4492593C0 (de) | 2026-02-25 |
| AU2023442028A1 (en) | 2025-10-23 |
| KR20250170658A (ko) | 2025-12-05 |
| JP2026512361A (ja) | 2026-04-15 |
| EP4492593A2 (de) | 2025-01-15 |
| CN121003006A (zh) | 2025-11-21 |
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