Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
  • E04C2/42—Gratings; Grid-like panels
  • E04C2/421—Gratings; Grid-like panels made of bar-like elements, e.g. bars discontinuous in one direction
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
  • E04C2/12—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of solid wood
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
  • E04B1/10—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of wood

Definitions

• the invention relates to a wall structure for multi-story buildings, the primary building material of which is wood, chosen because of its low weight, good technical insulation properties and the sustainability of its production.
• timber frame houses are known, in which the wall structure consists of frame-like load-bearing structures made of wood, whereby the cavities in the frames are filled with insulating material and then an inner and outer closed sheathing, often also made of wood or gypsum materials, is applied.
• the DE 102011 110 918 B4 also known as wall constructions, in which a continuous, load-bearing layer of wood is present, consisting of, for example, vertical, natural wood beams arranged in a row, the so-called timber studs, which may have a horizontal, beam-shaped sill or frame running across all timber studs as an upper and lower termination on the top and bottom, and which are additionally supported on the
• the outer surface may be provided with an insulating layer, possibly with additional coverings for weather protection, fire protection and the like.
• Such wall structures are also used in the form of prefabricated wall panels, which allow for rapid construction progress when assembled on the construction site.
• the floor slabs are also delivered and laid as prefabricated floor slab panels, preferably made of wood-based materials.
• the object of the invention is therefore to provide a wall structure and a method for its construction that solve the aforementioned problems in a simple manner.
• a wall panel of this type comprises, firstly, a stud layer consisting of closely spaced wooden studs and, at the ends of the studs, a strap running transversely to the direction of travel, the greatest extension direction of the studs, as well as at least one planking arranged on at least one side of the stud layer, which preferably extends over the entire surface of the stud layer.
• Sheathing in particular by means of one or more sheathing panels, is understood to be sheathing that additionally stabilizes and/or stiffens the wall panel.
• cladding can be carried out, in particular by means of at least one cladding panel or cladding body, where the material properties are concerned within the scope of the present application.
• the clothing in particular its material properties in terms of building physics (for example, fire-retardant or thermally insulating properties).
• sheathing and cladding can also be combined functionally, in that the sheathing or cladding can have additional functions besides the stabilizing function, such as fire protection, sound insulation, etc.
• the wooden beam supports are arranged so close together – or even touching each other – that the sum of the distances between the wooden beam supports, viewed across the entire wall panel, is less than 5%, better less than 3%, better less than 2%, better less than 1% of the length of the wall panel in that direction.
• all wooden beam uprights should be the same thickness and/or width.
• Wooden beam stands with varying dimensions, especially different widths, can also be used, particularly within the framework of the stand packages described later.
• the existing problem with regard to such a wall panel is solved by the fact that the straps are not as thick as the wooden beam uprights, but are significantly thinner in the thickness direction of the upright layer.
• the timber posts have transverse chord recesses at their ends, the shape and dimensions of which are adapted to the cross-section of the respective chord – the two chords preferably having identical cross-sections.
• the chord recesses are open both towards the end face of the timber post and/or towards three adjacent longitudinal sides, thereby forming a narrower end tongue at each end of each post.
• the transverse direction of the wooden beam posts and also of the post layer - the chords lie in the thickness direction of the post layer. Both on the same side, preferably with their outer surface aligned with the outer surface of the stator layer, whereby “aligned” also includes deviations of up to 3 mm, better a maximum of 2 mm, better a maximum of 1 mm.
• the thickness of the cross ribs in the thickness direction of the stator layer is a maximum of 40%, particularly a maximum of 35%, particularly a maximum of 30%, particularly a maximum of 25%, and particularly a maximum of 20% of the thickness of the stator layer.
• the thickness is at least 39 mm in absolute terms, particularly a minimum of 33 mm, particularly a minimum of 27 mm, particularly a minimum of 24 mm, and particularly a minimum of 20 mm.
• the cross-section of the belt is therefore larger in the longitudinal direction of the wooden beam uprights, which is also the longitudinal direction of the upright layer, than in the thickness direction of the wooden beam uprights, preferably by a factor of at least 6, better by a factor of at least 8, better by a factor of at least 9.
• This design offers a number of advantages: Firstly, from a production technology perspective – as explained in more detail later – this allows two belts to be arranged parallel and at a distance from each other for the production of a stand layer, so that the wooden beam stands can be placed one after the other with their end tongues on and with their middle sections between the belts and brought to a small distance from each other or into contact with each other, without the wooden beam stands being able to fall through between the belts, which also significantly facilitates the automated feeding, insertion and connection as well as further transport with the belts.
• the main advantage lies in the high load-bearing capacity of the wooden beam posts in their longitudinal direction - the wooden beam posts are cut in such a way that the primary grain direction runs lengthwise. agrees - can be used without being limited by the compressive strength of the straps in this direction.
• the modulus of elasticity for bending is 11,000 N/ mm2 in the direction of the grain and 370 N/ mm2 perpendicular to the grain, and the compressive strength is 21 N/ mm2 in the direction of the grain and 2.5 N/ mm2 perpendicular to the grain.
• the compressive strength is limited to the smaller of the two compressive strengths: the compressive strength in the longitudinal direction of the wooden beam posts and the compressive strength of the sill in its transverse direction.
• the belts will preferably consist of wood-based materials, preferably laminated wood, in particular plywood, preferably veneer plywood.
• the straps do not extend beyond the ends of the wooden beam uprights in the longitudinal direction, but are flush with them or, if necessary, are set back slightly from their ends, i.e. by one to a few millimeters.
• each of the timber beam uprights is connected to each of the chords by a force-fit or form-fit connection, for example, by clamps, nails, or screws.
• a force-fit or form-fit connection for example, by clamps, nails, or screws.
• connecting elements as clamps, nails, or screws—which may be made of metal or wood-based material—are, in a first connection step, inserted into the end tongues of the timber beam uprights from the side opposite the chord and extend into the chord.
• a second connection step they are also inserted from the chord side and extend through the chords into the end tongues of the timber beam uprights.
• At least the first and last wooden beam upright is fixed to the straps, and if not all wooden beam uprights are fixed to the straps, then preferably at least 20%, better at least 30%, better at least 50% of all wooden beam uprights of a wall panel, preferably with the fixings evenly distributed between the unfixed wooden beam uprights.
• initial fixing takes place when the straps and uprights are brought together, so that these connecting elements do not extend through the subsequently applied sheathing panel; however, additional fastening elements can be inserted from the outside of the sheathing panel into the uprights and/or into the cross straps and, if necessary, also through them to the end tongues of the uprights.
• the sheathing and/or cladding layers preferably consist of a fire-retardant and/or sound-insulating material, in particular primarily of gypsum or another non-combustible mineral, for example gypsum cardboard boards or gypsum fiberboards, which are preferably reinforced with, in particular non-combustible, fibers.
• a fire-retardant and/or sound-insulating material in particular primarily of gypsum or another non-combustible mineral, for example gypsum cardboard boards or gypsum fiberboards, which are preferably reinforced with, in particular non-combustible, fibers.
• chipboard and oriented strand boards can also be used.
• the material of the sheathing panels has a specific weight that is at least 50%, or preferably at least 100%, higher than the specific weight of the stud layer in order to achieve good sound insulation.
• the straps have positioning recesses along their direction of travel, the transverse direction of the timber stud layer, which are open towards the longitudinal direction of the timber stud layer and the two adjacent main side surfaces of the strap and have a length in the extension direction of the strap such that a stud can be inserted into it and thereby positioned in a transverse direction, whereby the straps as a whole determine a positioning in the transverse direction for the timber stud layer.
• a special door or window package is inserted during the construction of the stud layer instead of a specific number of consecutive studs.
• This special door or window package is prefabricated separately from the construction of the stud layer and includes, in addition to the door or window opening and any surrounding jamb timbers, the remaining elements required above and/or below – in particular an upper lintel and/or a lower sill, or in the case of windows, a lower sill, which may contain partial studs to achieve the length of the stud package it replaces.
• corresponding package recesses are provided in the belts to precisely position the special package transversely to the upright layer.
• the package recesses, on the one hand, and the positioning recesses, on the other, preferably have different depths measured longitudinally along the uprights.
• the timber stud layer may, instead of a stud or a stud bundle of adjacent studs, have an installation stud or an installation bundle which – over part or the entire length of the installation bundle – has an installation channel for one or more conduits, be it for electrical conduits, water conduits or ventilation ducts, which is open in particular to one of the main sides of the stud layer and in particular runs longitudinally.
• the installation channel is lined with fire-resistant, in particular fire-retardant, material and is prefabricated before being inserted into the stud layer.
• the lining can consist of adjacent sections of a fire-resistant, in particular fire-retardant, panel; however, preferably the installation package consists of fire-resistant, in particular fire-retardant, material extending over more than the depth of the installation channel, into which the installation channel is subsequently cut, in particular sawn or milled.
• the existing problem is solved by designing the wall panel as previously described.
• this is a building in which all load-bearing walls consist of load-bearing wall panels - as described above. that is, the load-bearing walls, in particular exclusively, constitute the load-bearing framework of the building.
• the wall panel is part of an exterior wall of the building, the wall panel is preferably installed with the strap on the outside of the building.
• a floor slab - whether made of wood-based materials or concrete - rests on one of the end faces of a wall panel, it rests on the wall panel only in the thickness area of the upper end tongues of the wooden beam studs of the stud layer.
• connection gaps in the connection area between wall panels and a concrete ceiling panel are usually filled with a dense, hardenable, compression- and/or tensile-resistant filling material, especially mortar or concrete, to create a load-bearing and shear-resistant connection between the individual wall panels of the floors and the floor slab.
• the connection can also be designed to transfer uplift forces.
• the wall panels described above – together with the floor slabs – usually form the load-bearing structure of the building.
• the cladding comprises a prefabricated, separately handled insulation unit with an internal insulating layer, which is attached to the corresponding wall panel, preferably only from the outside, and can therefore be replaced at any time.
• the insulation material can be inserted into the unit, particularly in the case of blown-in insulation, even after the cladding has been installed on the load-bearing wall.
• the exterior of the insulation unit is protected by a weatherproofing facade.
• next stand is pushed close to the previous stand in order to keep the voids in the stand layer to a minimum.
• the fixing is carried out by inserting so-called screw nails, which, due to their external thread, can also be unscrewed again.
• All other fixings of the uprights to the crossbeams and/or the sheathing to the uprights or crossbeams are preferably carried out by means of clamps, i.e., by inserting U-shaped clamps.
• the resulting layer of stands is preferably moved forward by the corresponding distance after each or a defined number of stands have been fixed between the belts.
• This distance is a conveying distance in the form of a single or multiple integer of the target width of a stand, optionally plus a width allowance to compensate for material or manufacturing differences in the width of the stands.
• positioning recesses with a length corresponding to at least the conveying distance or the target width of a stand can be provided in the two belts in the narrow longitudinal sides facing each other at corresponding longitudinal positions.
• the end of the positioning recess which, in the direction of insertion, in which the new stand is pushed towards the already created part of the stand layer during its production, forms a stop for the stand inserted into the two opposing positioning recesses, and the distance from stop to stop, i.e. from the beginning of one positioning recess to the next positioning recess along the same belt, is usually always the same, and a fixed number of stands to be inserted are distributed between them.
• the positioning recess can be slightly longer than the width of the upright to be inserted, in the direction of the belts. This is because the upright is typically held by a gripper with gripping prongs on both sides when it is inserted between the belts from above. If the positioning recess is no longer than the width of the upright in the direction of the belt, the necessary distance to the last already installed upright for the gripping prong on that side of the upright to be inserted will be insufficient when placing the upright in such a precisely sized positioning recess.
• the positioning recess is extended in the direction of extension of the belt somewhat against the direction of insertion – in particular at least by the thickness of a gripper tine in this direction and/or by a maximum of 70%, in particular a maximum of 50%, in particular a maximum of 30%, in particular a maximum of 20% of the width of a stand to be inserted therein – then this stand can be placed between the two opposing positioning recesses at a distance from the last mounted stand and then pushed forward in the direction of insertion until the end of the positioning recess in this direction, which acts as a stop,
• a special package in particular in steps d) and e), can be inserted between the straps when creating the upright layer, preferably having a width that is an integer multiple of the intended width of uprights.
• FIGS. 1a - f show the basic structure of the support layer 4 of a wall panel 1 according to the invention:
• This consists of wooden beam uprights 4.1, 4.2 etc. arranged in a row in the width direction 11 of the wall panel 1, which preferably all have an identical cross-section, in particular identical width, and an identical length in their direction 4', the upright direction 4', which is thus simultaneously the height direction 10 of the wall panel 1.
• the width direction 11 and the height direction 10 of wall panel 1 span its main plane.
• the wooden beam uprights 4.1, 4.2, etc. each have a shoulder-shaped recess, the strap recess 24a, b, on the same side 4a of their circumference at the end regions of their upright direction 4', so that when the uprights are placed side by side, the 4 aligned strap recesses 24a, b allow a continuous strap across the entire width of the wall panel 1 in the width direction 11.
• a board-shaped belt 6a, 6b which fits its cross-section, can be inserted and connected to each individual stand 4.1, 4.2.
• the straps 6a, 6b can also consist of sawn timber, but are usually made of layers 8 lying parallel to the main plane of the upright layer - as best seen in the magnification of the Figure 1c to be recognized - glued, whereby the grain direction in the individual layers 8 runs crosswise to the adjacent layer 8, so that in every second layer 8 the grain direction can also lie in the stand direction 4', so that the end grain content in the top and bottom is relatively high and thus a high resistance to dimensional changes in the vertical direction 20 - see Figure 1g - offers.
• the belts 6a, 6b can fulfill these functions all the better the more layers 8 glued together they consist of, they are preferably made of layers of veneer, i.e. as laminated veneer lumber, and not just as plywood.
• the nominal width B of an upright 4 - positioning recesses 23a, b are provided, which - in the top view of the Figure 1a - from one main page to other main side of the cross chords 6a, b and have a length corresponding to at least the nominal width B of a wooden beam stand, and on a stand that is to be inserted between two such opposing positioning recesses 23a, 23b, shorter end tongues 25a, b are provided in the end area in the stand direction 4', so that such a stand inserted between the two chords can be moved back and forth in the width direction 11, i.e. in the extension direction of the chords 6a, b, only within the positioning recesses 23a, b in which it lies.
• the positioning recess 23a, 23b can be slightly longer in the width direction 11 than the nominal width B of the belt 4.10 to be placed therein, as described above.
• Figure 1a The positioning recess 23b shown at the bottom right is then inserted in the direction of insertion, then pushed to the left, until it reaches the end of the positioning recess 23a, b which acts as a stop and is fixed in this position relative to the belts 6a, b.
• the position of the end of the positioning recess located in the direction of the push-in of the uprights defines the position in the width direction 11 of the wooden uprights 4.5, 4.10 etc. inserted into these positioning recesses 23a, b, and between them are - in this case four - wooden beam uprights 4.6 - 4.9, which fill this space, whereby they may contact each other or may also have very small distances to each other in the width direction 11 due to manufacturing inaccuracies.
• the positioning recesses 23 thus hold stands 4.5 of type 4A according to Figure 1c , whose positioning recesses 24a, b and thus also their end tongues 25a, b in the upright direction 4' are shorter than in the case of type 4B according to Figure 1b , which are provided in the sections between the positioning recesses 23.
• connection between the individual uprights 4.1 etc. and the straps 6a, 6b is also shown, here by nailing using nails 13, which are driven from the side 4b facing away from the straps (the side facing upwards during manufacturing) through the end tongues 25a, b into the opposite strap 6a, 6b of each upright as an initial fixing.
• Screw nails which have a thread on their outer side and can be unscrewed again, are usually used for this purpose.
• the following steps are first carried out according to... Figure 1e on one side, preferably again the still upper side 4b, in one or more layers of sheathing panels 5, mostly made of a non-combustible material such as gypsum plasterboard or gypsum fiberboard, in particular over the entire surface, applied to the stud layer 4 and - preferably by means of staples 13, which extend approximately to the middle of the thickness D of the stud layer 4 - nailed or stapled to the studs in their middle area as well as through the flanges 6a, 6b through their end tongues 25 a, b.
• a non-combustible material such as gypsum plasterboard or gypsum fiberboard
• the sheathing 5 serves a dual purpose: firstly, fire resistance, as the sheathing 5 consists of fire-resistant, in particular non-combustible, material, for example primarily gypsum or another stone flour material or calcium silicate; secondly, the sheathing 5 is also intended to improve the load transfer of the stud layer 4 in its main plane.
• the sheathing 5 has a fiber component, preferably again made of a non-combustible or poorly combustible material, for example of mineral materials, which are arranged in irregular directions and thus give the sheathing 5 a high resistance to forces in its main plane, i.e. to shear forces.
• a fiber component preferably again made of a non-combustible or poorly combustible material, for example of mineral materials, which are arranged in irregular directions and thus give the sheathing 5 a high resistance to forces in its main plane, i.e. to shear forces.
• a non-combustible or poorly combustible material can also be achieved by coating or impregnating a combustible material with a fire-retardant material such as calcium silicate or water glass to give it non-combustible or poorly combustible material properties.
• a fire-retardant material such as calcium silicate or water glass
• connection of the individual uprights to each other indirectly via nailing to the sheathing panels is also improved.
• the stud layer 4 should also be covered on its vertical narrow sides with such fire-resistant, in particular fire-retardant, cladding 5 in order to prevent the penetration of fire and smoke into the structure.
• planking is usually also carried out on the upper side 4a, which is away from the chords 6a, b, whereby in this case the nails or staples 13 do not reach or even penetrate the chords when nailing.
• the exterior cladding is preferably attached to the building from the outside only after the building 100 has been constructed from the wall panels and can be dismantled and replaced at any time.
• thermal insulation in the form of an essentially closed, independently manageable, box-shaped insulating body 14, inside which the insulating material 14a is located, can be fixed to the wall panel 1 from the outside.
• the intersecting battens 26 create an air gap 16 between the outer surface of the insulation body 14 and the weather protection layer 15, providing ventilation.
• FIGS. 2b and 2c The figures show, in plan view and in perspective, a stud layer 4 of a wall panel 1, in which a door opening T, a window opening F, and an installation channel 21 – the latter on the interior side – are integrated, as in Figure 2c Additionally, a small window opening.
• Figure 2a shows in detail how such a window opening F or door opening T is provided in the stud layer 4:
• a window opening F or door opening T is provided in the stud layer 4:
• a prefabricated window package 4PF or door package 4PT is placed between the two belts 6a, b, which contains a window opening F or door opening T for inserting a window whose width is less than the width of the window package 4PF.
• the window package 4PF therefore has a width that is preferably an integer multiple of the nominal width B of a stud.
• window opening F perpendicular to the stud direction 4', i.e., usually horizontally in the installed state of the wall panel, runs an upper chord 4PFa or 4PTa as a lintel and a lower chord 4PFb as a parapet in the case of a window opening or 4PTb as a threshold in the case of a door opening, at least over the entire width of the window opening F or door opening T.
• the lintel preferably extends across the entire width of the 4PF or 4PF package. Below the lintel, on both sides of the opening, there is at least one shorter support than the standard-length supports on which the lintel rests, for load transfer.
• partial studs can again be connected to this upper chord or lower chord, with which the upper chord or lower chord is firmly connected, and in whose end tongues in particular the chord recesses 24a, 24b are incorporated to receive the chord 6a, 6b which continues over the entire width of the wall panel 1 and thus also over the window opening F and the window assembly 4PF.
• the upper chord 4PFa extends as a lintel from the opening to the upper end of the mullion layer 4.
• the upper chord 4PFa also extends across the entire width of the corresponding window assembly 4PF or door assembly 4PT.
• the bottom rail 4PFb – as a parapet at the window and as a threshold at the door — usually extends only across the width of the opening in the width direction. and is connected at its ends to the partial stands that extend from the lower strap 6b to the fall.
• the belts 6a, 6b have a package recess 27 analogous to the positioning recesses 23a, b in the facing narrow sides, but with a length several times greater than that of the package recesses 23a, b - namely the width of the window package 4PF - and with a different depth in the frame direction 4', generally with a greater depth b than the depth a of the positioning recesses 23a, b.
• the prefabricated window package 4PF is therefore placed at the appropriate position and then inserted between the package recesses 27 when the production of the stud layer begins at one end of the belts 6a, 6b, for example with stud 4.1.
• a special stand 4* can also be used - which in particular limits the opening e.g. F on one side or each side - which has a width that deviates from the target width B, about 1.5 times or 2 times.
• Such a special stand 4* can have a recess in the area of the opening e.g. F, whereby the width of the opening e.g. F becomes independent of the grid dimension based on the width B of a normal stand.
• an installation channel 21 is provided, through which an electrical cable can be routed from the floor up into the stud layer 4, as shown, to an installation opening 21a in the sheathing 5 provided at the upper end of the installation channel 21, e.g. for a light switch at the upper end of the installation channel 21, which is then connected to the stud layer 4 according to the Figures 2b, c is laid and thus covers the installation channel 21, as can be seen in Figure 3a .
• the installation channel 21 can also run the entire length of the stand or installation package in which it is located.
• the installation package 4PInst consists of an installation base 7, usually board-shaped, made of a wood-based material - be it solid wood or a laminated wood panel - the extent of which in the width direction 11 preferably has a multiple of the required width of the installation package 4PInst.
• a non-combustible material in particular gypsum plasterboard or gypsum fiberboard
• gypsum plasterboard or gypsum fiberboard are applied and connected to each other and to the installation base 7 over a surface area, usually not by nailing or stapling, but by e.g. gluing, until the total structure has the thickness D of the stud layer and thus of a single stud.
• the installation channel 21 to be produced in the longitudinal direction 4' of the installation package 4PInst is constructed according to Figure 4c by passing along the desired length with, for example, a roller cutter 29 in the column direction 4', i.e. the longitudinal direction 10.
• the groove can also be inserted in the stud layer 4 only after the installation package 4PInst has been installed.
• belt supports 18 are arranged at intervals corresponding to the length of the uprights 2 in the conveying direction 11, the width direction of the wall panel to be produced, here in the form of roller tracks 18 consisting of a large number of horizontally arranged rotatable, optionally also controllable, transport rollers 30.
• a belt 6a, b with opposing positioning recesses 23a, 23b is placed on each roller track 18, with the correct distance in The upright direction 4' is ensured by belt guides 32a, b provided on both sides, i.e. on the respective outside of the belt 6a, 6, for the belts as a stop in the vertical direction of the wall panel 1 to be produced.
• stator layer 4 begins by placing the two belts 6a, 6b onto their respective belt supports 18a, 18b and pushing or driving them forward in the direction of travel 11 up to activated end stops 31 located at analogous positions in the conveying direction 11, and – usually manually – bringing them outwards into contact with their belt guides 32a, 32b according to Figure 5a and Figure 6a .
• the first wooden beam upright 4.1 is placed, in particular directly, on the end stops 31, 31 onto the beginning of the two straps 6a, 6b - preferably automatically - with its strap recesses 24a, b pointing downwards between the straps 6a, 6b, so that it rests only with each of its end tongues 25a, 25b on the front end of one of the two cross straps 6a, b and is then nailed from above by means of nails 13 through these end tongues 25a, 25b to the strap 6a, b below - preferably automatically.
• a supply of uprights of type 4A is located, e.g., above the area in front of the end stops 31, from which - preferably automatically - the first upright 4.1 and subsequently the further uprights 4.ff are placed and nailed together.
• the two crossbeams 6a, 6b At the position of a specific, e.g. the fifth, upright 4.5, the two crossbeams 6a, 6b have - as in Figure 5a visible - each a positioning recess 23a, b facing each other, extending through the entire thickness of the belt, so that at this position in the vertical direction 10 the clear distance between the belts 6a, 6b is greater.
• a stand of type 4B is required, of which a supply is also kept, for example, above the The area in front of the end stops 31 is present, and its end tongues 25a, b are slightly shorter according to the depth of the positioning recesses 23a, b. This is inserted as a stand 4.5 between the positioning recesses 23a, b.
• the stops 31 are deactivated, i.e. removed from the path of movement of the cross straps 6a, b and the mounted stands, for example moved downwards between the transport rollers 30.
• the entire started upright layer 4 can then be moved forward in transport direction 11 to the target width B of an upright.
• automatic placement devices 33a, b for the stands and automatic nailing devices 34 can essentially remain in their longitudinal position in the conveying direction 11 and do not need to be designed to be movable in the conveying direction 11.
• the stand to be mounted can be placed on a stand support 35, which is height-adjustable by means of an adjusting cylinder 36, at such a storage height that, on the one hand, the gripping prong 33b does not yet collide with the adjacent previously mounted stand and, on the other hand, preferably, the stand 4x is not yet immersed with its middle part between the two straps 6a, b.
• the stand stop 39 for the stand 4x held by the gripper 33 serves in particular as a stop for the gripper tine 33b in the vertical direction and in the transport direction 11 in particular as a stop for the held stand 4x.
• this stand stop 39 is arranged above the activated end stop 31 and/or the last mounted stand.
• this stand stop 39 is arranged with its contact surface pointing against the direction of transport 11 slightly in front of the end stop 31 in the direction of transport 11.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

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• 2021
  • 2021-11-15 DE DE102021129728.1A patent/DE102021129728A1/de active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-11-14 PL PL22817666.5T patent/PL4433669T3/pl unknown
  • 2022-11-14 WO PCT/EP2022/081756 patent/WO2023084071A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2022-11-14 HR HRP20260174TT patent/HRP20260174T1/hr unknown
  • 2022-11-14 EP EP22817666.5A patent/EP4433669B1/de active Active

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