EP4433424A1 - Electrolytes ceramiques de type sulfure - Google Patents
Electrolytes ceramiques de type sulfureInfo
- Publication number
- EP4433424A1 EP4433424A1 EP22821865.7A EP22821865A EP4433424A1 EP 4433424 A1 EP4433424 A1 EP 4433424A1 EP 22821865 A EP22821865 A EP 22821865A EP 4433424 A1 EP4433424 A1 EP 4433424A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- formula
- electrolyte
- solid
- sulphide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/90—Other crystal-structural characteristics not specified above
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/008—Halides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of batteries, and in particular solid electrolyte batteries, of the sulphide type.
- Solid sulphide electrolytes are sufficiently mature to consider their industrial use. Their high values of ionic conductivity associated with their ductility and their limited density make them serious candidates for the first generations of all-solid-state batteries that can compete with the energy densities of current Li-ion accumulators with liquid electrolytes.
- US 2016/0149258 relates to solid sulphide electrolytes and describes in particular electrolytes of formula Li 5 x + 2y + 3Pi-xS4 and Li 5x + 3Pi-xS4, that is to say depleted of phosphorus.
- the present invention relates to a compound of formula (I):
- Each X identical or different for each LiX group, represents a halogen atom chosen from Cl, I, Br, F.
- these phases imply in particular the existence of a singularity within the composition domain U2S - P(2+x)Ss.
- the structure analysis by XRD carried out on this composition range is marked by the appearance of diffraction peaks not corresponding to the precursors P2S5 and l_i 2 S, nor to the known reference compounds U3PS4 or U4P2S6.
- x is between 0.04 and 0.14.
- the compounds of formula (I) are chosen from Li 3 Pi,o4S4, Li 3 Pi,o9S4, and mixtures thereof, more particularly the compound Li 3 Pi,ogS4.
- the compounds of formula (I) are in crystalline or partially crystalline form.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the ratio between the maximum intensity of the diffraction spectrum in the interval l max x [17°; 18.5°] with respect to (''intensity maximum of the spectrum in the interval l ma x [18.5°; 19.5°] is greater than 0.1, preferably between 0.1 and 1.00.
- the values of the intensities correspond to the difference between the value of the signal of the spectrum and the value of the signal corresponding to the background noise of the spectrum.
- the present invention also relates to the process for preparing a compound as defined above, said process comprising: the step of mixing powders of precursors P2S5 and Ü2S, adding phosphorus of degree d zero oxidation, then the treatment of the mixture thus obtained.
- P2S5 and Li 2 S precursors are commercially available, for example, these materials are available from Aldrich or Alfa Aesar.
- the precursors are in crystalline form.
- the treatment can be carried out by mechanical grinding or by heating in particular.
- the heating is carried out at a temperature below 300°C, typically at a temperature between 175 and 225°C.
- the co-grinding can be carried out by mixing said precursors in the desired proportions, typically, according to the proportions respecting the molar ratios required by formula (I).
- the co-grinding can be carried out at ambient temperature.
- the co-grinding can be carried out by means of a ball mill (“ball milling”).
- ball milling ball milling
- the co-grinding can be carried out by a grinder marketed by Fritsch (Fritsch 7), with balls with a diameter of between 0.1 and 15 mm, in bowls of 10 to 50 ml, for cycles lasting between 1 min and 2 hours for a total duration of between 5 and 100 h, at a rotation speed of between 100 and 1000 rpm.
- the particle size of the mixture after co-grinding is less than 20 ⁇ m, in particular less than 5 ⁇ m.
- the P2S5 and l_i 2 S precursors are mixed in contents such that the respective n(P 2 S5)/n(U 2 S) molar ratio is between 2.5 and 2.98%.
- the phosphorus is added in an amount such that the molar ratio n(phosphorus at oxidation state 0)/(nP 2 Ss +nl_i 2 S ) is between 0.01 and 0.10.
- the present invention relates to a solid sulphide electrolyte for a battery comprising a compound of formula (I) according to the invention.
- said sulphide solid electrolyte has a lithium ion conductivity value at room temperature higher than that of U3PS4, in particular when said compound of formula (I) and U3PS4 are synthesized under the same conditions.
- said electrolyte is suitable for “all-solid” type batteries.
- the present invention relates to an electrochemical element comprising an electrolyte according to the invention. More particularly, said electrochemical element is an all-solid element comprising a cathode layer, an anodic layer and an electrolyte layer between the anodic and cathode layers, such that said electrolyte layer contains the solid sulphide electrolyte according to the invention.
- the electrochemical element according to the invention is particularly suitable for lithium accumulators, such as Li-ion, primary Li (non-rechargeable) and Li-S accumulators as well as their equivalents with other alkaline elements (Na- ion, K- ion, ...) for the corresponding formulations.
- lithium accumulators such as Li-ion, primary Li (non-rechargeable) and Li-S accumulators as well as their equivalents with other alkaline elements (Na- ion, K- ion, ...) for the corresponding formulations.
- the invention also relates to a module comprising the stack of at least two electrochemical elements according to the invention, each element being electrically connected with one or more other element(s).
- module therefore designates here the assembly of several electrochemical elements.
- the present invention also relates to a battery comprising one or more modules according to the invention.
- battery or "accumulator” is understood to mean the assembly of several modules, said assemblies can be in series and/or parallel.
- the invention preferably relates to accumulators whose capacity is greater than 100 mAh, typically 1 to 100 Ah.
- Figure 1 represents the ternary diagram of sulphur, lithium and phosphorus (A) and the X-ray diffraction spectrum of compositions according to the binary domain Li 2 S - P(2+x)Ss (B).
- Figure 2 represents the measurements of conductivity and activation energy according to the binary domain Li 2 S - P( 2+ x)Ss .
- the precursors are weighed, mixed and ground in a mortar (2.5g in total) according to the following proportions:
- the mixture of precursors is placed in a 20 mL zirconia bowl containing 4 balls with a diameter of 10 mm, then these bowls are placed in a planetary grinder (Fritsch Pulverisette 7).
- the grinding conditions are as follows: 500 rpm, 30 min of grinding, 5 min break, 30 cycles or 15 hours of effective grinding.
- the powder tending to stick to the walls must be detached with a spatula in a glove box. This operation is repeated 3 times (ie 45 hours of effective grinding) to obtain a homogeneous and amorphous compound.
- the powder is heat treated in a sealed tube with a carbon coating which is produced as follows: in a quartz tube, 2ml of acetone are introduced and then the tube is heated. The decomposition of the acetone will generate carbon which is deposited on the walls of the tube.
- 1 g of the amorphous compound is pressed at 160 MPa then placed in a carbon crucible. Everything is placed in the tube which is then put under vacuum before being sealed.
- the heat treatment of the sample is carried out in an oven with a heating rate of 100°C/h up to 300°C, then maintained for 4 hours at this temperature and cooled to room temperature with a ramp of 100°C/h . After cooling, the tube is opened in a glove box under argon.
- Figure 1A shows the composition of the examples in the lithium-sulphur-phosphorus ternary diagram.
- the examples of the invention are located on a line segment which passes between the U3PS4 composition and pure phosphorus.
- the crystallographic structures of the examples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction on sample powder using the copper K-alpha line. The analyzes were carried out in the absence of air to avoid any parasitic reaction. (See Figure 1B).
- the values of the intensities of the spectrum for the calculation of the ratios l[34 o ]/l ma x [29.5°;31°] and l ma x [17°;18.5°]/lmax [18.5°;19.5°] correspond to the difference between the intensity of the overall signal of the spectrum and the signal corresponding to the background noise of the spectrum.
- the intensities were calculated relative to a baseline taking into account the slope of each diffraction spectrum considered.
- the conductivity measurements were carried out by impedance spectroscopy by imposing an alternating current I between the 2 faces of an electrolyte pellet with a diameter of 7 mm and a thickness e placed between 2 stainless steel electrodes.
- the densification of the electrolyte pellet is prepared either by uniaxial compression or by isostatic compression.
- the value of the ionic conductivity ci is estimated from the relationship:
- Cionic e/(R*S) where R is the resistance measured on the Nyquist diagram and its value corresponds to the intersection of the signal relating to the blocking electrodes with the real axis.
- the electrolyte layer acting as a separator is prepared by compressing powder in a matrix under a pressure of 300 MPa. Then a positive electrode mixture consisting of electrolyte powders and the cathode material LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.15O2 is placed on the layer of solid electrolyte and then compressed under a pressure of 300 MPa. The negative electrode mixture consisting of electrolyte powder and graphite is placed on the other side of the solid electrolyte layer. The entire accumulator is then compressed to 400MPa. The sealed cell containing the accumulator makes it possible to maintain the mechanical pressure under 100MPa.
- the 2 positive and negative electrodes are replaced by lithium films which are compressed on the electrolyte layer under a pressure of 100MPa.
- XRD analyzes show the structural changes caused by the addition of phosphorus. These are characterized by changes in peak intensity relative to the U3PS4 compound as shown in Figure 2 and Table 2.
- Electrochemical cells assembled with graphite electrodes and LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.15O2 cathode material were cycled at a C/40 regime.
- the polarization during charging and discharging characterized for example by the voltage difference between charging and discharging for the composition Li0.60Ni0.80Co0.15AI0.15O2 (see Figure 4D), is significantly lower for materials of the invention
- the materials of the invention have higher conductivity, lower cycling polarizations, lower irreversible capacities and more regular charge curves than the Ü3PS4 material.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2112210A FR3129250B1 (fr) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | Electrolytes ceramiques de type sulfure |
| PCT/EP2022/082298 WO2023089041A1 (fr) | 2021-11-18 | 2022-11-17 | Electrolytes ceramiques de type sulfure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4433424A1 true EP4433424A1 (fr) | 2024-09-25 |
Family
ID=80449152
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22821865.7A Pending EP4433424A1 (fr) | 2021-11-18 | 2022-11-17 | Electrolytes ceramiques de type sulfure |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250011180A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4433424A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118369290A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3129250B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023089041A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3007262B1 (fr) | 2013-06-07 | 2019-05-15 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Matériau d'électrolyte solide de sulfure, cellule, et procédé de production de matériau d'électrolyte solide de sulfure |
| JP6288716B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-25 | 2018-03-07 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | 硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法 |
| JP6712165B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2020-06-17 | 出光興産株式会社 | 硫化物固体電解質、電極合材及びリチウムイオン電池 |
| JP6861869B2 (ja) * | 2020-04-07 | 2021-04-21 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | α−リチウム固体電解質 |
-
2021
- 2021-11-18 FR FR2112210A patent/FR3129250B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-11-17 US US18/711,237 patent/US20250011180A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-17 CN CN202280075917.0A patent/CN118369290A/zh active Pending
- 2022-11-17 WO PCT/EP2022/082298 patent/WO2023089041A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-17 EP EP22821865.7A patent/EP4433424A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3129250B1 (fr) | 2025-10-24 |
| WO2023089041A1 (fr) | 2023-05-25 |
| FR3129250A1 (fr) | 2023-05-19 |
| CN118369290A (zh) | 2024-07-19 |
| US20250011180A1 (en) | 2025-01-09 |
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