EP4389999B1 - Vorgefertigte bauplatte, herstellungsverfahren und bausystem - Google Patents

Vorgefertigte bauplatte, herstellungsverfahren und bausystem

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Publication number
EP4389999B1
EP4389999B1 EP23217499.5A EP23217499A EP4389999B1 EP 4389999 B1 EP4389999 B1 EP 4389999B1 EP 23217499 A EP23217499 A EP 23217499A EP 4389999 B1 EP4389999 B1 EP 4389999B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
prefabricated
load
panels
panel
bearing frame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23217499.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4389999A1 (de
Inventor
Carmine Franco Valente
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP4389999A1 publication Critical patent/EP4389999A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4389999B1 publication Critical patent/EP4389999B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/58—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal
    • E04B2/60—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal characterised by special cross-section of the elongated members
    • E04B2/62—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal characterised by special cross-section of the elongated members the members being formed of two or more elements in side-by-side relationship
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
    • E04B1/6187—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means on top and/or bottom surfaces of the slabs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E04B1/7069—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by ventilating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7448—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts with separate framed panels without intermediary posts, extending from floor to ceiling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/023—Separate connecting devices for prefabricated floor-slabs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/08—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units assembled of block-shaped elements, e.g. hollow stones
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/10—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with metal beams or girders, e.g. with steel lattice girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/08—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/10—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B2001/6195—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the slabs being connected at an angle, e.g. forming a corner

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the standardization of a construction system mainly based on a "prefabricated structural panel" for building which can be used as a wall and as a slab when assembled with a series a different materials, thus performing seismic, thermal, hygrometric, and acoustic functions.
  • the invention relates to a prefabricated structural frame to be used in civilian, commercial or industrial buildings, which forms outer and inner walls and slabs when assembled with an accurate manufacturing method in the fashion of an assembly line.
  • the present invention relates to a completely industrialized construction system which can be used to build any housing type and/or building project without limitations or restrictions when preassembled in a factory or on site.
  • Multilayer wall panels are known, for example, from CH699149B1 , EP0921243A2 , EP1273729A2 , US6625948 B2 , EP1892350A2 and PCT/IB2018/058161 to the same inventor.
  • a prefabricated panel is generally indicated by reference numeral 1 and can be made of concrete, steel, or wood.
  • the prefabricated panel 1 is adapted to make a structural construction system (2), in particular a building.
  • the prefabricated panel 1 defines a vertical or horizontal panel plane 3 with a peripheral edge 4.
  • the prefabricated panel 1 comprises a load-bearing frame 5 defining at least one through opening 6 extending through the load-bearing frame 5 in a direction transverse to the panel plane 3.
  • the prefabricated panel 1 comprises at least one filling layer 7 housed in the load-bearing frame 5 so as to close at least one through opening 6.
  • the prefabricated panel 1 comprises a covering layer 9 positioned opposite to the filling layer 7.
  • the filling layer 7 and the covering layer 9 are spaced apart from each other in a direction transverse to the panel plane 3 so as to mutually define a gap 10 which is substantially parallel to the panel plane 3.
  • the prefabricated panel 1 comprises a plurality of metal profiles 8 positioned in gap 10 and interposed between the filling layer 7 and the covering layer 9.
  • gap 10 allows a circulation of air over the whole prefabricated panel 1 and over the whole structural system 2 formed by prefabricated panels 1.
  • Such an air circulation is particularly advantageous for eliminating moisture, impure air and gas, e.g., radon, which are among the main causes of the lack of living comfort and deterioration of the structures.
  • the thus-configured prefabricated panel 1 is usable both as a vertical wall of a structural system 2 and as a slab of a structural system 2.
  • the thus-configured prefabricated panel 1 is easily standardizable and industrializable for the production of structures 2 in series and allows reducing the construction times and costs, as well as increasing the thermal-hygrometric protection performance of the panel and the structural system, and increasing the versatility of construction of structural systems, in particular housings, with reference to the dimensions, number of floors, and distribution of the indoor spaces.
  • the standardization of the components of the prefabricated panel 1 and the structural system 2 allows forming a warehouse stock to be used at any time and thus reducing the purchase costs of the materials.
  • the prefabricated panel 1 allows, in the filling element 7, the passage of ducts and electric cables to form the housing system network without driving holes or making channels in the coverings and/or structural frames.
  • the through opening 6 is rectangular in shape.
  • the metal profiles 8 are preferably Omega-shaped and are positioned parallel and spaced apart from one another ( Fig. 1 ).
  • the metal profiles 8 are positioned according to a grid configuration comprising metal profiles 8 intersected with one another ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the metal profiles 8 are profiles made of perforated sheet having a thickness of 1.5 mm.
  • the filling layer 7 is formed by at least three filling sheets 11 stacked in a direction transverse to the panel plane 3, including at least one inner filling sheet 11 and two opposite outer sheets 11.
  • At least two of the three filling sheets 11 are formed by panels made of high strength compacted phenolic or marine wood.
  • the filling layer 7 formed by/on the three layers 11 has a thickness between 80 mm and 120 mm.
  • the filling layer 7 is fixed to the load-bearing frame 5 by means of threaded connections by means of screws, bolts or dowels, for example, or by gluing, for example by means of bicomponent glues, or by means of a combination thereof.
  • the thus-configured filling layer 7 increases the solidity and stability of the load-bearing frame 5 to which it is connected, and therefore of the whole prefabricated panel 1, especially when used as a slab.
  • the filling layer 7 is the element on which to make the systems for the sanitary apparatuses such as sinks, toilets, bidets, showers, sink drains, and/or electrical panels or furnishing components such as wardrobes, bookcases.
  • the load-bearing frame 5 preferably has two through openings 6 extending through the load-bearing frame 5 in a direction transverse to the panel plane 3.
  • the two through openings 6 are separate from each other.
  • the prefabricated panel 1, used as a wall, with the two openings 6 thereof can comprise a blind filling layer 7 and a glass filling element 12, or two blind filling layers 7, housed in the load-bearing frame 5 so that the blind 7 and glass 12 filling layers, or the two blind ones, close the two through openings 6.
  • the prefabricated panel 1, used as a slab comprises two blind filling layers 7 housed in the load-bearing frame 5 so that each filling layer 7 closes a respective through opening 6.
  • the covering layer 9 comprises at least two covering sheets 15 fixed to each other in a direction transverse to the panel plane 3.
  • the two covering sheets 15 are formed from two different materials, respectively, preferably fiber cement panels and plasterboard sheets.
  • the plasterboard covering sheet 15 optionally forms the false ceiling of a prefabricated panel 1 used as a slab.
  • the visible surface of the covering layer 9 opposite to the load-bearing frame 5 is trimmed and painted, or can be covered as desired with wallpaper or decorative wood panels, for example.
  • the load-bearing frame 5 is formed from concrete ( Fig. 3 ) or steel ( Fig. 4 ) or laminated wood ( Fig. 5 ), or a combination thereof.
  • the load-bearing frame 5 is made as a one-piece body.
  • the load-bearing frame 5 performs the load-bearing, support, and stability function of the prefabricated panel 1.
  • the prefabricated panel 1 comprises one or more layers 13 of isolating material.
  • the isolating layers 13 are connected to the load-bearing frame 5, opposite to the covering layer 9.
  • the isolating layers 13 are configured to provide the thermal and acoustic insulation of the prefabricated panel 1.
  • the layers 13 act as a thermal cladding for the structural system 2 comprising the prefabricated panel 1.
  • the isolating layers 13 are formed from selfextinguishing expanded polystyrene ("EPS") or rock wool or wood fiber or cork or polystyrene, for example, or a combination thereof.
  • EPS selfextinguishing expanded polystyrene
  • rock wool or wood fiber or cork or polystyrene, for example, or a combination thereof.
  • the isolating layer 13 has a thickness between 100 mm and 200 mm.
  • the isolating layer 13 is reinforced with a plasticized mesh, trimmed and painted with quartz paint.
  • the isolating layer 13 can be reinforced or supported with marine wood panels or plumbed wood panels 14.
  • the isolating layer support 14 has a thickness between 16 mm and 20 mm; a commercially-made vapor barrier sheet optionally can be applied to support 14.
  • the isolating layer support 14 is fixed to the load-bearing frame 5 by means of a threaded connection by means of screws, bolts or dowels, for example, or by gluing, for example by means of bicomponent glues, or by means of a combination thereof.
  • a waterproofing cladding sheet preferably made of polymeric material is applied to the prefabricated panel 1.
  • the waterproofing cladding sheet is configured to prevent the passage of any water from an upper floor to a lower floor.
  • the prefabricated panel 1 when used as a slab, comprises a raised technical floor or a floating parquet. According to a further embodiment, the prefabricated panel 1 comprises a layer of screed or mortar suitable for gluing tiles.
  • a structural system 2 comprises at least two prefabricated panels 1 connected to each other by means of a connection system 16.
  • connection system 16 is positioned interposed between two prefabricated panels 1.
  • connection system 16 comprises a first connection element 17 and a second connection element 18.
  • the first connection element 17 is connected to one of the two prefabricated panels 1, while the second connection element 18 is connected to the other one of the two prefabricated panels 1.
  • the first connection element 17 and the second connection element 18 are connected to each other by means of geometric coupling.
  • the first connection element 17 is preferably T-shaped, varying in thickness, size, and length.
  • the second connection element 18 is preferably Omega-shaped with recess 20 varying in thickness, size, and length to promote interlocking 21.
  • the housing cavity 21 is open towards the insertion portion 19 of the connection element 17.
  • the insertion portion 19 is inserted into the housing cavity 21.
  • the first connection element 17 and the second connection element 18 have a height substantially equal to the height of the load-bearing frame 5.
  • the peripheral edge 4 of each prefabricated panel 1 of the structural system 2 comprises at least one edge side 24 facing another prefabricated panel 1.
  • first connection element 17 and the second connection element 18 are positioned at the respective edge sides 24 of two respective connected prefabricated panels 1.
  • the longitudinal groove 23 extends along the whole length of the edge side 24.
  • the second connection element 18 is fixed in the longitudinal groove 23 by embedding when the prefabricated panel 1 is made of concrete, welded when made of steel and screwed when made of wood.
  • the two guide walls 22 are inserted into the longitudinal groove 23.
  • the insertion portion 19 and the housing portion 20 both define at least one fixing through hole 26.
  • the insertion portion 19 and the housing portion 20 are configured so that when the insertion portion 19 is completely inserted into the housing portion 20, the fixing hole 26 of the insertion portion 19 is aligned with the housing holes 20.
  • connection system 16 comprises a fixing member 27.
  • the fixing member 27 is configured to be inserted into the fixing holes 26 of the insertion portion 19 and the housing portion 20 so as to fix the first connection element 17 to the second connection element 18.
  • the first connection element 17, the second connection element 18 and the load-bearing frame 5 define a plurality of fixing holes 26 and through holes 28 at the side edge 24 of the load-bearing frame 5.
  • connection system 16 allows connecting at least two prefabricated panels 1 with a straight angle or in parallel so that the two prefabricated panels 1 extend substantially along a same panel plane 3 ( Figures 11 , 15, 16 ).
  • connection system 16 comprises a spacer element 29 configured to be interposed between two prefabricated panels 1 connected to each other along the same panel plane 3 so as to define a seat for the housing of the third prefabricated panel 1.
  • the structural system 2 comprises at least three prefabricated panels 1, two prefabricated panels 1 of which connected to each other along a same panel plane 3 and a third prefabricated panel 1 interlocked between the two prefabricated panels 1, thus forming a three-dimensional node substantially representing a lower wall, a floor slab and an upper wall ( Figures 12-14 and 20-23 ).
  • the spacer element 29 is a section bar preferably having a rectangular or square section.
  • the third prefabricated panel 1 is positioned to abut against the spacer element 29.
  • the spacer element 29 is fixed to the third prefabricated panel 1 by means of a threaded connection.
  • the spacer element 29 is positioned to abut against the base walls 25 of the two connection elements 17, opposite to the two second connection elements 18.
  • the spacer element 29 is connected to the two first connection elements 17 by means of a threaded connection.
  • the structural system 2 is formed by at least six prefabricated panels 1 connected to one another, four prefabricated panels 1 of which connected to one another at an angle and forming the vertical walls of the structural system 2, and two further prefabricated panels 1 connected to each other in parallel and forming the treading slab of the structural system 2 ( Figures 8, 9 ).
  • the structural system 2 has at least one structural compensating element placed in the center of the two prefabricated panels 1, which acts as a bracing and structural reinforcement for higher structural stability needs than standard ones ( Figures 10, 10A and 10B ).
  • the structural system 2 comprises a plurality of prefabricated panels 1 so as to form housing units or accommodations starting from two rooms ( Figures 19 and 19A ).
  • a method of manufacturing a prefabricated panel 1 provides for a warehouse stock of all the components of the system, in particular:
  • the method includes positioning each load-bearing frame 5 in vertical position on a movable device equipped with wheels.
  • the movable device equipped with wheels is configured to move, preferably translate, each load-bearing frame 5 through different working stations so as to apply the various layers or components to the load-bearing frame 5, thus starting the assembly steps, in particular:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Standardmäßige vorgefertigte Platte (1), die aus Beton oder Stahl oder Holz hergestellt wird, die mit einem Struktursystem (2) zum Bauen von Zivilgebäuden versehen ist, wobei die vorgefertigte Platte (1) eine vertikale oder horizontale Plattenebene (3) mit einem Umfangsrand (4) definiert, der für strukturelle Verbindungen (16) vorgesehen ist, und mit mindestens einer Durchgangsöffnung (6) in einer Richtung, die sich quer zu der Plattenebene (3) erstreckt und umfasst
    mindestens eine Füllschicht (7), die in einem Lasttragrahmen (5) aufgenommen wird, um die mindestens eine Durchgangsöffnung (6) zu schließen, wobei auf einer Seite
    eine Vielzahl von Metallprofilen (8) angeordnet ist, die einen Zwischenraum (10) bilden, der sich im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Plattenebene (3) erstreckt, und eine Abdeckung (9), die der Füllschicht (7) gegenüberliegt, positioniert sind und an den Metallprofilen (8) befestigt sind,
    während auf der anderen Seite der vorgefertigten Platte (1)
    eine beträchtliche Isoliermasse (13), die mit einem farbigen Putz versehen ist, die Struktur der vorgefertigten Platte (1) vervollständigt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Füllschicht (7) mindestens drei Holzplatten (11) umfasst, die gegenseitig verdichtet und gestapelt sind und in einer Richtung, die sich quer zu der Plattenebene (3) erstreckt, angeordnet sind, wobei mindestens zwei der Platten aus phenolischem oder Schichtholz bestehen und eine Dicke zwischen 80 mm und 120 mm bilden, und wobei das so zusammengesetzte Füllelement (7) durch ein Gewindeverbindungsmittel oder durch Verkleben mit Zweikomponent-Klebstoffen oder durch eine Kombination davon an dem Lasttragrahmen (5) befestigt wird.
  2. Vorgefertigte Platte (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Lasttragrahmen (5) zwei voneinander getrennte Durchgangsöffnungen (6) definiert, die sich durch den Lasttragrahmen (5) in einer Richtung, die sich quer zu der Plattenebene (3) erstreckt, erstrecken,
    wobei, wenn sie als Außenwand verwendet wird, die vorgefertigte Platte (1) zwei blinde Füllschichten (7) umfassen kann, oder
    ein blindes Füllelement (7) und ein Glasfüllelement (12), oder
    zwei Glasfüllelemente (12), die in dem Lasttragrahmen (5) aufgenommen sind, sodass die Füllschichten (7) und (12) die Durchgangsöffnungen (6) schließen, oder
    wenn die vorgefertigte Platte (1) als Tafel verwendet wird, sie zwei blinde Füllschichten (7) umfasst, die in dem Lasttragrahmen (5) aufgenommen sind, sodass jede Füllschicht (7) eine jeweilige Durchgangsöffnung (6) schließt.
  3. Vorgefertigte Platte (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Abdeckungsschicht (9) aus mindestens zwei Abdeckplatten (15) besteht, die miteinander befestigt sind und mit den Profilen (8) in einer Richtung, die sich quer zu der Plattenebene (3) erstreckt, befestigt sind,
    wobei die beiden Abdeckplatten (15) aus zwei unterschiedlichen Materialien bestehen, optional eine Platte aus Faserzementplatten, während die andere aus Gipskarton besteht. Die Abdeckplatte (9), die dem sichtbaren Lasttragrahmen (5) abgewandt ist, ist beschnitten und optional gestrichen.
  4. Vorgefertigte Platte (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Lasttragrahmen (5) aus Beton oder Stahl oder Schichtholz besteht und als einstückiger Körper hergestellt wird.
  5. Vorgefertigte Platte (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend eine Isolierschicht (13), die mit dem Lasttragrahmen (5) verbunden ist, der der Abdeckungsschicht (9) gegenüberliegt,
    wobei die Isolierschicht (13) dazu konfiguriert ist, eine äußere thermische und akustische Isolierung der vorgefertigten Platte (1) bereitzustellen
    und wobei die Isolierschicht (13) optional aus expandiertem Polystyrol oder Steinwolle oder Holzfaser oder Kork oder Polystyrol oder einer Kombination davon besteht,
    und/oder wobei die Isolierschicht (13) eine Dicke zwischen 100 mm und 200 mm aufweist, und/oder wobei die Isolierschicht (13) mit einer plastifizierten, beschnittenen und gestrichenen Netzmasche verstärkt wird.
  6. Vorgefertigte Platte (1) nach Anspruch 6, umfassend eine Isolierschichtstütze (14), die zwischen dem Lasttragrahmen (5) und der Isolierschicht (13) angeordnet ist,
    wobei die Isolierschichtstütze (14) dazu konfiguriert ist, die Isolierschicht (13) mit dem Lasttragrahmen (5) zu verbinden,
    wobei die Isolierschichtstütze (14) optional aus Platten aus verdichtetem Marine-Sperrholz oder bleiverstärkten Holz besteht.
  7. Vorgefertigte Platte (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die vorgefertigte Platte (1) eine Tafel ist, die eine heißverklebte wasserfeste Abdichtungsplatte auf dem Füllelement (7) als Basisstütze aufweist und einen erhobene Technikboden oder ein schwimmendes Parkett oder einen Zementmörtelestrich umfasst, um das Verkleben von Fliesen aufzunehmen.
  8. Struktursystem (2), bestehend aus mindestens zwei vorgefertigten Platten (1) nach Anspruch 1, die miteinander durch ein Verbindungssystem (16) verbunden sind, wobei das Verbindungssystem (16) zwischen zwei vorgefertigten Platten (1) angeordnet ist.
  9. Struktursystem (2) nach Anspruch 8, umfassend ein erstes Verbindungselement (17) und ein zweites Verbindungselement (18),
    wobei das erste Verbindungselement (17) mit einer der beiden vorgefertigten Platten (1) verbunden ist, während das zweite Verbindungselement (18) mit der anderen der beiden vorgefertigten Platten (1) verbunden ist,
    wobei das erste Verbindungselement (17) und das zweite Verbindungselement (18) durch eine geometrische Verriegelungskupplung miteinander verbunden sind.
  10. Struktursystem (2) nach Anspruch 9, wobei ein Einsetzabschnitt (19) und ein Aufnahmeabschnitt (20) beide mindestens ein Befestigungsloch (26) definieren,
    wobei das Verbindungssystem (16) ein Befestigungselement (27) umfasst, das dazu konfiguriert ist, in die Befestigungslöcher (26) des Einsetzabschnitts (19) und des Aufnahmeabschnitts (20) eingeführt zu werden, um das erste Verbindungselement (17) mit dem zweiten Verbindungselement (18) zu befestigen,
    und wobei vorzugsweise die Befestigungslöcher (26) mit Gewinden versehen sind und das Befestigungselement (27) ein Gewindeelement ist, das dazu konfiguriert ist, in die Gewindebefestigungslöcher (26) eingeschraubt zu werden, wie beispielsweise eine Schraube oder ein Bolzen.
  11. Struktursystem (2) nach Anspruch 10, wobei das Verbindungssystem (16) ein Stütz- und/oder Abstandselement (29) umfasst,
    wobei das Struktursystem (2) aus einer Kreuzung von mindestens drei vorgefertigten Platten (1) besteht, von denen zwei vorgefertigte Platten (1) entlang derselben Plattenebene (3), beispielsweise vertikal, miteinander verbunden sind, und eine dritte vorgefertigte Platte (1) gegenüberliegend oder horizontal mit den beiden vorgefertigten Platten (1) verbunden ist, wobei das Abstandselement (29) den Sitz, die Stütze definiert, indem es die drei Platten mittels einer Gewindeverbindung verbindet und befestigt, wobei das Abstandselement (29) eine Schnittstange ist, die vorzugsweise einen rechteckigen oder quadratischen Querschnitt aufweist.
  12. Struktursystem (2) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, das von mindestens sechs miteinander verbundenen vorgefertigten Platten (1) gebildet wird, von denen vier vorgefertigte Platten (1) miteinander im Winkel verbunden sind und die vertikalen Wände des Struktursystems (2) bilden, und zwei weitere vorgefertigte Platten (1), die parallel miteinander verbunden sind und die Gehtafel des Struktursystems (2) bilden.
  13. Standardmäßige vorgefertigte Platte (1), die aus Beton oder Stahl oder Holz hergestellt wird, die mit einem Struktursystem (2) zum Bauen von Zivilgebäuden versehen ist, wobei die vorgefertigte Platte (1) industriell erhalten wird durch:
    - Herstellen serienmäßig einer Vielzahl von Lasttragrahmen (5), die in einem Lager aufbewahrt werden;
    - Herstellen serienmäßig einer Vielzahl von Verbindungen (16), die in einem Lager aufbewahrt werden;
    - Herstellen serienmäßig einer Vielzahl von blinden (12) oder Glasfüllschichten (7), die in einem Lager aufbewahrt werden;
    - Anordnen in einem Lager einer Vielzahl von Schichten (8, 9, 13, 14), die aus unterschiedlichen Materialien hergestellt werden, um die vorgefertigte Platte (1) zu ergänzen, so dass um:
    - jeder Lasttragrahmen (5) in vertikaler Position zu positionieren;
    - jede Füllschicht (7 und 12) mit jedem Lasttragrahmen (5) zu verbinden;
    - dann die Vielzahl der Rohrprofile (8) jeweils mit jeder Füllschicht (7) zu verbinden;
    - dann die Abdeckungsschichten (9) an den Metallprofilen (8) zu befestigen;
    - die verschiedenen Isolierschichten (13) an den jeweiligen Lasttragrahmen (5) und Füllschichten (7) zu befestigen,
    die Isolierschicht (13) mit einer plastifizierten, beschnittenen und gestrichenen Netzmasche zu verstärken;
    - optional ein Oberflächenfinish auf die Abdeckungsschicht (9) aufzutragen,
    wobei die vorgefertigte Platte dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Füllschicht (7) mindestens drei Holzplatten (11) umfasst, die gegenseitig verdichtet und gestapelt sind und in einer Richtung, die sich quer zu der Plattenebene (3) erstreckt, angeordnet sind, wobei mindestens zwei der Platten aus phenolischem oder Schichtholz bestehen und eine Dicke zwischen 80 mm und 120 mm bilden, und wobei das so zusammengesetzte Füllelement (7) durch ein Gewindeverbindungsmittel oder durch Verkleben mit Zweikomponent-Klebstoffen oder durch eine Kombination davon an dem Lasttragrahmen (5) befestigt wird.
EP23217499.5A 2022-12-19 2023-12-18 Vorgefertigte bauplatte, herstellungsverfahren und bausystem Active EP4389999B1 (de)

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CH692211A5 (it) 1997-10-03 2002-03-15 Carmine Franco Valente Elementi in laterizio per la costruzione di pannelli modulari per l'edilizia.
EP1273729A3 (de) 2001-07-02 2003-12-03 Carmine Franco Valente Element aus Backsteinmaterial zum Erstellen vorfabrizierter Tafeln für das Bauwesen
CH699149B1 (it) 2005-02-15 2010-01-29 Carmine Franco Valente Elemento in laterizio per la costruzione di pannelli prefabbricati per l'edilizia.
CH699922B1 (it) 2006-08-23 2010-05-31 Bit Technologies Ltd Pannello prefabbricato per costruire una parete doppia di edifici.
US9151046B1 (en) * 2011-04-21 2015-10-06 Precision Design Llc Concrete slab having integral wall base forms and wall base plates for automated construction and system thereof
DE102016118209B4 (de) 2016-09-27 2019-04-04 Günther Reisinger Montagesystem zur Befestigung einer Abdeckscheibe an einem Speichenrad
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