Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
  • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
  • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
  • F21S43/26—Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S43/235 - F21S43/255
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
  • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
  • B60Q1/2607—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic comprising at least two indicating lamps
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
  • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
  • B62J6/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices on cycles; Mounting or supporting thereof; Circuits therefor
  • B62J6/04—Rear lights
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
  • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
  • F21S43/30—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors
  • F21S43/31—Optical layout thereof
  • F21S43/315—Optical layout thereof using total internal reflection
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
  • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
  • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
  • G02B19/0061—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a LED
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
  • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
  • G02B5/0252—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties using holographic or diffractive means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
  • B60K2360/20—Optical features of instruments
  • B60K2360/29—Holographic features
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
  • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
  • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
  • F21S43/235—Light guides
  • F21S43/236—Light guides characterised by the shape of the light guide
  • F21S43/241—Light guides characterised by the shape of the light guide of complex shape
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
  • F21W2107/00—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles
  • F21W2107/10—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles for land vehicles
  • F21W2107/13—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles for land vehicles for cycles
  • F21W2107/17—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles for land vehicles for cycles for motorcycles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
  • G03H2223/00—Optical components
  • G03H2223/16—Optical waveguide, e.g. optical fibre, rod

Definitions

• the invention relates to a lighting device for a vehicle with at least one lighting channel for generating a holographic lighting function assigned to this lighting channel by illuminating a holographic structure of the lighting channel.
• Each channel has an illumination arrangement and an in-coupling surface of an optical fiber arranged along a main radiation direction of the illumination arrangement.
• the lighting device includes a holographic structure arranged on the decoupling surface of the light-guiding body. The decoupling surface is arranged in a beam path of the coupled-in light beams, so that the decoupling surface is illuminated at an angle greater than a critical angle of total reflection.
• the invention relates to a corresponding rear light for a vehicle and the vehicle itself, which has a corresponding lighting device.
• the resulting wave field is superimposed with light coherent with the object wave (the so-called reference wave - typically from the same light source, e.g. a laser) and the wave fields interfere with each other as a function of their phase relationship.
• the resulting interference pattern is recorded, for example, by means of a light-sensitive layer, and the information contained in the phase is thus also stored.
• the resulting hologram is illuminated with a light wave that is identical or similar to the reference wave, which is then diffracted by the recorded interference pattern. In this way, the original wavefront of the object wave can be reconstructed.
• There are different types of holograms e.g. B. transmission and reflection holograms that generate this reconstruction either in transmission or in reflection. If you are z. B. in a transmission hologram on the opposite side of the hologram from the light source and looks at this, the imaged object appears three-dimensional in front of you.
• holographic lighting elements for vehicles are already known.
• various effects can be achieved that go beyond the lighting function of classic lighting devices, for example the generation of a warning function, which has a three-dimensional impression in the observer's perception more than a classic warning light and thus increases safety.
• safety can be greatly increased by using lights with holographic elements.
• the other road users often do not maintain a required safety distance from the road user with the motorcycle because motorcycles take up less space and the required safety distance is often underestimated.
• a holographic light element which, for example, generates a three-dimensional image at a certain distance from the motorcycle, e.g.
• a holographic brake light for example, can generate a greater signal effect when braking for the following road user, so that they also brake earlier and/or harder and maintain a safe distance from the motorcycle even when the motorcycle brakes hard.
• a hologram for a large-area lighting device in which no three-dimensional image is generated is also conceivable.
• unconventional lighting concepts can be achieved, which under certain conditions, such as e.g. B. to enable a large and therefore particularly visible and safe lighting in tight spaces
• this type of lighting element is already known in the prior art, for example from WO 2018/054985 A1.
• the various options are described for realizing desired holographic lighting functions for a vehicle.
• Another problem with many lighting devices that use a hologram is the lack of suppression of the zeroth order of the light source, which is not diffracted by the hologram illumination light. This can dazzle viewers and disrupt the holographic light function.
• the invention relates to a lighting device for a vehicle with at least one lighting channel for generating a holographic lighting function assigned to this lighting channel by illuminating a holographic structure of the lighting channel.
• the illumination device comprises an illumination arrangement of the illumination channel for generating an illumination light, preferably the illumination light of the illumination channel, and an optical fiber with a coupling surface arranged along a main radiation direction of the illumination arrangement.
• the lighting device comprises a decoupling surface of the light-guiding body, on which the holographic structure is arranged, and wherein the decoupling surface is arranged in a beam path of light beams of the illumination light coupled into the light-guiding body for illuminating the decoupling surface at an angle greater than a critical angle of total reflection.
• the lighting device e.g has a non-right-angled triangle with a truncated vertex as its base.
• the prism has a decoupling surface, which is limited by the long sides of the triangle, which is opposite the truncated tip and the height of the prism perpendicular to the base.
• the in-coupling area in turn is delimited by the short sides of the triangle between the long side and the truncated tip of the triangle and also by the height of the prism.
• the lateral surface of the prism thus includes the coupling-in surface and the coupling-out surface.
• the coupling-out surface is thus arranged in the beam path of the coupled-in light beams, since these strike the coupling-out surface without any further beam deflection.
• the in-coupling surface and out-coupling surface are at an angle to one another that is so large that the in-coupled light beams impinge on the out-coupling surface at an angle greater than the critical angle of total reflection and are fundamentally reflected there.
• At least one holographic structure is present on the decoupling surface for each channel, which is arranged on the decoupling surface in such a way that it can be illuminated by the respective lighting arrangement.
• the overall arrangement is advantageously such that there is essentially no overlap of the light beams from two different channels on any of the existing holographic structures.
• the holographic structure of the respective channel bends the coupled light of the lighting arrangement of this channel, decouples it from the decoupling surface and thus generates the desired, externally visible lighting function of the channel.
• the holographic structure and the lighting device are coordinated with one another, e.g. with regard to the light and angle spectrum.
• the zeroth order or the undiffracted illuminating light is reflected at the decoupling surface and accordingly does not leave the light guide body at this point.
• the reflected, undiffracted light can then be reflected, for example, in the direction of one of the unused outer surfaces of the prism, where it is coupled out and/or absorbed without interference.
• these unused surfaces can be used as holding or fixing surfaces for the installation of the lighting device. Due to the overall favorable shape and the angular arrangement of the coupling-in surface and coupling-out surface relative to one another, a compact rear light can be formed which is particularly suitable for a motorcycle. At the same time, the lighting properties are very good and holographic functions can be implemented.
• a lighting device for a vehicle preferably comprises essential elements of vehicle lighting and/or a vehicle headlight. This or this can preferably be a device selected from the group high beam, low beam, parking light, parking light, direction indicator (colloquially “indicator”), fog lights, cornering lights, wide beams,
• Daytime running lights front beacons, rear lights, tail lights, brake lights, reflectors, license plate lights, rear fog lights, reversing lights,
• a lighting device for a vehicle may also include a lighted display or luminous display in an interior of the vehicle.
• This can be, for example, a display of symbols in the vehicle interior to inform the vehicle occupants/the driver, with each lighting channel being able to be assigned a display, for example.
• a vehicle is in particular a passenger car, a truck, a bus, a minibus, a motorcycle, a motor scooter, a moped, a bicycle and/or a rail vehicle.
• a vehicle can preferably also be an airplane.
• a lighting channel is preferably to be understood in the functional sense, with each lighting function being able to be assigned a channel or, conversely, this channel playing a role in the generation or operation of the lighting function.
• a channel preferably has its own physical components, which are essential for generating the lighting function and are preferably different from the components of a further lighting channel. However, there can also be common, as it were shared, components. It preferably includes at least 1 lighting channel (sometimes also referred to as “channel” for short). In particular, at least 2 channels are included. For example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, ... , 25, ... 30 channels or more may be included.
• Generating a holographic light function assigned to this illumination channel by illuminating a holographic structure of the illumination channel preferably means that with suitable illumination, preferably by the illumination arrangement of the illumination channel, which is present in the holographic structure, for example by the above-mentioned Exposure method stored functionality is generated, which is generated by a diffraction of the illumination light through the structure.
• the lighting function can consist, for example, in the generation of a two or three-dimensional, real and/or virtual image, which has been recorded beforehand. For example, lighting can be provided that gives the impression of “standing in space” and is visible from multiple viewing angles, making it possible to view the same image or a decidedly different image, for example.
• the lighting function can also consist in bending the illumination light in a desired manner for the purpose of beam shaping, e.g. for collimation or focusing with preferably simultaneous change in the main radiation direction after decoupling in relation to the main radiation direction before decoupling.
• beam shaping e.g. for collimation or focusing with preferably simultaneous change in the main radiation direction after decoupling in relation to the main radiation direction before decoupling.
• a combination of these lighting functions is also possible.
• the holographic lighting function can in particular include the simultaneous generation of a real and/or virtual image. In this way, special information functions and aesthetic effects can be achieved.
• the holographic structure is set up to generate a real image and a virtual image simultaneously when illuminated.
• the real image can preferably include an image “floating” outside of the light guide body.
• the virtual image can include an image located inside the light-guiding body, which is created behind the holographic structure, in particular when viewed from the outside, that is to say further away from the decoupling surface than the latter.
• a holographic structure includes, in particular, a structure whose luminous function when considering the holographic structure and a corresponding one on the structure Tailored lighting is realized or a structure that is set up to generate a corresponding lighting function.
• it is a structure whose holographic function was generated by illumination with an object wave and a reference wave.
• the holographic structure which is arranged on the decoupling surface, generates a lighting function, in particular when illuminated by the lighting arrangement, which can be determined with a view of the decoupling surface.
• the holographic structure can include a transmission hologram, for example.
• Each channel preferably includes at least one holographic structure of its own.
• channels or all channels include a common holographic structure.
• This common holographic structure can have different luminosity functions for multiple channels or create a single luminosity function.
• a larger or smaller image area can be generated or only the portion of the image that is generated by the illuminated part of the holographic structure can be shown. If the illuminated areas of the holographic structure assigned to the respective channels are, for example, the same size, z. For example, only half the holographic light function is shown with one channel turned on.
• a lighting function can also be generated which is identical, ie whose size and visibility in space is independent of the number of channels switched on, but the brightness of the lighting function is all the brighter the more channels are switched on.
• the lighting function must preferably be spatially overlapped for an observer.
• the lighting arrangement of the lighting channel for generating the lighting light comprises, in particular, at least one light source.
• the illumination light preferably includes the light that contributes to the illumination of the holographic structure and thus generates the lighting function.
• a main radiation direction (also called main beam direction, radiation direction, main direction, main beam or central beam) of the light source is preferably a direction in which there is a maximum intensity of the light beam or an intensity averaged over all directions.
• the term main radiation direction or main radiation direction preferably designates the central ray of a beam of rays or its direction.
• the direction of the principal ray indicates in particular the direction of the bundle of rays.
• the main beam direction is preferably representative of the rays of a beam of rays.
• the rays of the beam of rays preferably span a defined solid angle, in the center of which the main radiation direction runs.
• a coupling surface of a light-guiding body arranged along a main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement preferably denotes a coupling surface which is arranged behind the lighting arrangement in the radiation direction, starting from the latter, on a line with the latter, with this line preferably being the main radiation direction of the Lighting arrangement is.
• the illumination arrangement and the in-coupling surface are arranged along an optical axis for these two elements.
• a coupling-in surface is preferably an outer boundary surface of the light-guiding body, which is set up for coupling light from the lighting arrangement into the light-guiding body.
• the light-guiding body is preferably transparent for a substantial part of the spectrum of the lighting arrangement.
• the light guide is transparent to visible light, e.g. with a wavelength of approximately 380 nanometers (nm) up to 750 nm.
• the light guide can, for example, comprise a glass or PMM substrate, but can also have at least one layer or coating , which z. B. may comprise at least one film.
• the lighting arrangement and coupling-in surface are preferably set up for coupling light beams from the lighting arrangement into the light-guiding body.
• the fact that the lighting arrangement and coupling surface are set up for coupling light beams from the lighting arrangement into the light guide body is preferably to be understood as a structural feature in the sense that light beams from the lighting arrangement are actually coupled through the coupling surface when the lighting arrangement is switched on.
• These two components are preferably arranged and/or designed for this purpose. i.e.
• the in-coupling surface like the rest of the light guide body, is essentially transparent for the light of the lighting arrangement and that the arrangement, dimensioning, shaping and/or orientation of both components in relation to one another was carried out in order to achieve a light quantity required for the lighting function of the channel with the desired Couple properties in the light guide.
• the lighting arrangement is arranged opposite the coupling surface and/or aligned in such a way that a main beam direction of the lighting arrangement points in the direction of the coupling surface.
• the lighting arrangement and the coupling-in surface are preferably arranged in relation to one another in such a way that, given a given distance between the lighting arrangement and the coupling-in surface, a coupled-in intensity that can be used to generate the lighting function is maximized.
• a decoupling surface is preferably an outer boundary surface of the light guide body.
• a decoupling surface is in particular an outer boundary surface of the light-guiding body, which is set up for decoupling light from the lighting arrangement from the light-guiding body.
• the decoupling surface is preferably the surface at which the light of the lighting arrangement coupled into the light-conducting body essentially actually emerges from the latter or at which this light is reflected.
• the decoupling surface can be, for example, the outer boundary surface of a substrate comprised by the light-guiding body and/or an outer boundary surface of a layer also comprised by the light-guiding body, which layer was applied to the substrate, for example. This can be z. B. be a film.
• the decoupling surface is in particular just as transparent for the light radiation guided in the light-conducting body. However, the decoupling surface can also be colored so that it is transparent but has a color.
• the decoupling surface is preferably the surface which lies essentially in the beam path of the coupled-in light beams and at which the transition between the light-guiding body and surrounding medium the refractive index changes significantly.
• Significant means preferably by at least 10%
• the holographic structure is arranged on the decoupling surface.
• the holographic structure is arranged at the decoupling surface.
• the holographic structure is arranged in the vicinity or directly or indirectly adjacent to the decoupling surface.
• This holographic structure can, for example, be incorporated into the substrate directly “below” the decoupling surface.
• the holographic structure can also be included in an outer layer of the light-guiding body applied to the substrate, with the holographic structure being included between the substrate and the coupling-out surface, e.g. B. in a slide.
• the fact that the holographic structure is arranged on the decoupling surface preferably means that the holographic structure is present on the decoupling surface, but is not directly surrounded by it.
• the final surface may have multiple layers, e.g. B. include multiple films, wherein the holographic structure is comprised of at least one of these layers, but not of the outermost film or layer, which delimits the light guide body to the outside.
• This can be a protective layer, for example, which protects the holographic structure and/or the rest of the light-conducting body from external influences.
• the holographic structure can also be encompassed by an outermost layer, which encompasses the decoupling surface, but the holographic structure is not present on this outer surface of the layer, but within the layer or a surface opposite the outer surface inside the light guide body.
• the holographic structure is preferably present within at least one layer between an outer surface of the substrate and the coupling-out surface, with the coupling-out surface comprising in particular an outer boundary surface of the at least one layer.
• the outer interface is preferably the at least one interface of the at least one layer, which delimits the layer to the outside and is not present directly on the substrate. That is preferably included in the feature that the holographic structure is arranged on the decoupling surface.
• the holographic structure can also be present inside the light guide body, in particular inside the substrate, but directly on the coupling-out surface.
• the holographic structure can be introduced into the light-guiding body, in particular into the substrate, using suitable methods. Directly at the decoupling surface is understandable for the person skilled in the art to the extent that he knows that the holographic structure is present in the immediate vicinity of the decoupling surface.
• the holographic structure is preferably parallel to the decoupling surface. This can preferably be included in the feature that the holographic structure is arranged on the decoupling surface.
• the feature that the holographic structure is arranged on the coupling-out surface preferably means that the holographic structure is arranged in a region of the coupling-out surface, for example in the immediate vicinity of the coupling-out surface.
• the holographic structure is preferably arranged in the interior of the light-conducting body on the coupling-out surface. This means in particular that the holographic structure is not arranged directly on an outer surface of the light-guiding body, but instead, for example, “beneath” it.
• the fact that the holographic structure is arranged on the decoupling surface preferably means that undiffracted light (e.g. the zeroth diffraction order in a transmission hologram and undiffracted transmitted light in a reflection hologram) which impinges on the decoupling surface at an angle greater than the angle of total reflection does not decoupled, but reflected.
• undiffracted light e.g. the zeroth diffraction order in a transmission hologram and undiffracted transmitted light in a reflection hologram
• the decoupling surface is arranged in a beam path of the light beams of the illumination light coupled into the light guide body. This means that it lies in the beam path of light beams of the illumination light coupled into the light guide body and is hit by the majority of the coupled light beams. It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that this preferably means that the decoupling surface is arranged at an angle other than zero to the main radiation direction of the coupled beams and intersects this or the beam path so that the rays impinge on the decoupling surface. In particular, the decoupling surface is arranged for illumination of the decoupling surface at an angle of less than 90°, this angle being measured in particular in relation to a surface normal of the decoupling surface.
• the geometric path of light rays through the device is preferably referred to as the beam path, in particular along the main radiation direction.
• Beam path can preferably be synonymous with the main direction of radiation.
• Path of rays can be used synonymously with the word path of rays.
• the angle mentioned here is preferably synonymous with the illumination angle and/or the angle of incidence.
• the arrangement angle of the coupling-out surface can in particular be determined directly via the prism angle lying between the coupling-in surface and the coupling-out surface, insofar as the light-conducting body is designed in the manner of a prism.
• the materials of the holographic structures e.g. photopolymer
• these angles can be further increased so that they come closer to 90° and a particularly flat component can thus be provided.
• the decoupling surface is arranged in a beam path of the coupled light beams preferably means that the decoupling surface is arranged at an angle of less than 90° to the coupling surface, this angle preferably designating an angle within the light guide body.
• the decoupling surface is preferably arranged for illumination of the decoupling surface at an angle greater than a critical angle of total reflection. Since the holographic structure is preferably arranged on the coupling-out surface, such an arrangement can preferably entail a corresponding arrangement of the holographic structure in relation to the beam path or a main radiation direction of the coupled-in light beams. The angle is preferably measured by the angle between the beam path or a main radiation direction of the coupled-in light beams and the normal to the surface of the coupling-out surface.
• the decoupling surface is adjacent to air under or in the range of standard conditions during normal use or application of the lighting device and that a critical angle of the total reflection is correspondingly determined when the refractive indices are known, on the one hand of the light guide body comprising the decoupling surface, on which e.g Hologram foil as well as other cover or protective foils can be present, and on the other hand the adjacent air can be calculated.
• B. PMMA and n2 the refractive index of the optically thinner medium, herez.
• Air under standard conditions refers in particular to air according to ISO 2533, especially air at 288.15 Kelvin (K) or 15° C, an air pressure of 1013.25 hectopascals (hPa) and a relative humidity of 0 or dry air.
• K Kelvin
• hPa hectopascals
• relative humidity 0 or dry air.
• refractive index about 1 for air and calculate the critical angle accordingly.
• the decoupling surface is adjacent to a material other than air. Even then, based on a change in the refractive index at the decoupling surface, the person skilled in the art knows how to calculate the critical angle of total reflection.
• an illumination device which has a particularly simple structure, can be designed to be compact and can provide an improved holographic lighting function.
• the illumination device is set up (so) that each coupled-in light beam that reaches the coupling-out surface does not then reach the coupling-out surface again by total reflection.
• this preferably means that the corresponding part of each coupled-in light beam that reaches the coupling-out surface was either diffracted in advance by the transmission hologram in such a way that it is now coupled out (preferably the first diffraction order of the hologram) or that the corresponding part of each coupled-in light beam that reaches the decoupling surface was not previously diffracted by the transmission hologram (preferably the zeroth diffraction order of the hologram), is then reflected once at the decoupling surface and then preferably runs in such a way that it does not reach the decoupling surface again, in particular not due to a further total reflection within the light-guiding body.
• this preferably means that the corresponding part of each coupled-in light beam that reaches the coupling-out surface is reflected there once and then either diffracted by the reflection hologram in such a way that it is now coupled out (preferably the first diffraction order of the hologram ) or is transmitted through the reflection hologram (preferably the zeroth diffraction order of the hologram) and then preferably proceeds in such a way that it does not reach the decoupling surface again, in particular not through a further total reflection within the light guide body.
• a shape of the light-conducting body that is appropriately adapted to the course of the beam.
• a ratio of a thickness of the light-guiding body perpendicular to the decoupling surface to a length of the light-guiding body parallel to the decoupling surface can be selected in favor of the length in such a way that the light rays, which are totally reflected at a given angle on the decoupling surface, do not pass through this decoupling surface again Total reflection within the fiber optics (e.g. at another interface of the fiber optics) reach this decoupling surface.
• a person skilled in the art once he has become familiar with this idea, can create a corresponding design of the lighting device based on considerations of geometric optics.
• the boundary surface(s) of the fiber-optic element which is then reached by the light beams in the further course of the beam, can then be designed in particular in such a way that reflection at this boundary surface is minimized and in particular no total reflection takes place at this.
• the interface can, for example, form a corresponding angle with the light beams and/or be coated accordingly (e.g. anti-reflection or absorber layer).
• the holographic structure is set up for generating the lighting function of the lighting channel when illuminated by the lighting arrangement of the lighting channel.
• This preferably means that the holographic structure generates the lighting function when illuminated by the illumination arrangement of the illumination channel, in particular as described above.
• the holographic structure is matched to the illumination of the illumination arrangement by the acceptance spectrum (wavelength or frequency of the light) and by the acceptance angle and the acceptance angle spectrum, so that the spectrum, the illumination angle and the angle spectrum of the illumination by the illumination arrangement effectively and/or or can produce efficiently.
• Acceptance spectrum and acceptance angle and acceptance angle spectrum of the holographic structure and spectrum, illumination angle and angle spectrum of the illumination by the illumination arrangement advantageously essentially match or overlap. An effective and/or efficient lighting device can thus be provided.
• the holographic structure can preferably be set up to generate the lighting function only when illuminated by the lighting arrangement of the channel.
• This preferably means that the holographic structure does not generate a luminous function when illuminated by an illumination arrangement of another channel, should this also reach the holographic structure.
• This can be achieved, for example, in that the illumination arrangement of the other channel has a spectrum that essentially does not match the acceptance spectrum of the holographic structure.
• the acceptance angle spectrum of the holographic structure can also be such that essentially no holographic light function is generated when illuminated from the direction of the other illumination channel. In this way, an improved separation of the holographic lighting functions of the lighting channels can be achieved.
• the decoupling surface and the holographic structure are set up for generating the holographic lighting function by decoupling coupled-in light beams of the illumination light from the decoupling surface.
• the holographic lighting function should advantageously be provided by the light beams coupled in from the holographic structure by diffraction and subsequent coupling out of the coupling-out surface.
• the holographic structure and the decoupling surface are preferably matched to one another. This can, for example, relate to the arrangement of the holographic structure, which is advantageously arranged on the decoupling surface, for example in the case of a holographic structure in the form of a reflection hologram, but inside the light guide body below the decoupling surface.
• the decoupling surface is preferably referred to as above in relation to the rest of the light-conducting body for the purpose of this description.
• the different arrangements of the holographic structure in relation to the decoupling surface will be explained in more detail in the following text.
• the holographic structure comprises at least one transmissive hologram.
• a transmissive hologram is preferably also referred to as a transmission hologram,
• a transmission hologram includes in particular a hologram whose lighting function is realized when the hologram is viewed from one side with illumination from the other side or which is set up to generate a corresponding lighting function.
• it is an at least partially translucent structure whose holographic function was generated by illumination with an object wave and a reference wave from the same side of the structure.
• the transmission hologram which is encompassed by the decoupling surface or is arranged on it, generates a lighting function, in particular when illuminated by the lighting arrangement, which can be determined with a view of the decoupling surface.
• the transmission hologram is preferably arranged directly below the decoupling surface, so that the light is diffracted by the transmission hologram and only the zeroth order is reflected at the decoupling surface.
• the possible arrangements of the transmission hologram can correspond to those of the reflection hologram (see below).
• a transmission hologram enables an inexpensive component with a particularly simple structure. Compared to a reflection hologram, a transmission hologram can advantageously have a broader diffraction spectrum for a specific angle range of the illumination and thus increase the outcoupling efficiency.
• the holographic structure comprises at least one reflective hologram, the reflective hologram and the coupling-out surface being set up and/or arranged for generating the holographic lighting function after the coupled-in light beams have been reflected on the coupling-out surface.
• a reflective hologram is preferably also referred to as a reflection hologram.
• this is preferably set up and arranged in such a way that illumination light coupled into the light guide body and not yet reflected on the coupling-out surface is not diffracted by the reflective hologram but is simply transmitted.
• This light is then preferably reflected at the decoupling surface and then hits the reflective holographic structure again.
• This light is then preferably reflected by the reflection hologram and is diffracted in accordance with the lighting function to be generated.
• the hologram is efficient for the angle after reflection on the outer layer or outcoupling surface. Depending on the convention, this has the opposite sign, for example -70° instead of 70°.
• the reflection hologram is preferably arranged directly below the decoupling surface, so that the light is reflected on the decoupling surface and then diffracted by the reflection hologram.
• reflection hologram and decoupling surface are conceivable, for example a reflection hologram incorporated into a substrate of the light-guiding body, the decoupling surface having the interface of the substrate or a layer applied thereto, e.g. a film.
• the reflection hologram is introduced into the interface of the substrate and another layer located on this, e.g. B. a film that includes decoupling surface.
• the reflection hologram is in one of at least two layers, e.g. B. is comprised of two foils, which is not the top layer or foil, which comprises the decoupling surface.
• Top and “bottom” in relation to the light guide and/or the decoupling surface are preferably defined by the arrangement of the decoupling surface on the light guide body, with the decoupling surface being located on the top side of the light guide body or "top”. defined and all other arrangements, which are part of the light guide body, are “below” this.
• “above” is defined by the direction of the illumination light coupled into the fiber-optic element, which has not yet been reflected on the coupling-out surface.
• a reflection hologram described here combines its advantages, namely that it is advantageously particularly wavelength-selective for a decoupled illumination beam at a given illumination angle, with the other advantages of the device, namely compact design, simple beam path, soft high illumination quality, e.g. particularly good collimation , Having and coupling out of undiffracted light (advantageously of the zeroth order) prevents.
• a broadband, advantageously inexpensive light source can be used in this way, and a narrowband light function that appears predominantly monochrome can still be generated.
• the coupling-out surface is arranged in the beam path of light beams of the illumination light coupled into the light guide for direct illumination of the coupling-out surface by the coupled-in light beams of the illumination light.
• Direct illumination of the decoupling surface is, in particular, illumination of the decoupling surface by the coupled-in light beams without additional prior reflection of the light beams within the light-guiding body.
• direct illumination of the transmission hologram in the above sense is also achieved, with the light being diffracted directly by the latter.
• the direct illumination of the coupling-out surface preferably results in a single reflection of the coupled-in light beams taking place on the coupling-out surface before the light is diffracted by the holographic structure in the form of a reflection hologram and is thereby coupled out of the coupling-out surface.
• the light-guiding body comprises a transparent substrate and at least one layer applied to the transparent substrate, the coupling-out surface being encompassed by the at least one layer, the holographic structure being present within the at least one layer between the substrate and the coupling-out surface.
• This embodiment is preferably comprised of the feature that the holographic structure is arranged on the decoupling surface.
• the light-guiding body can, for example, comprise a transparent glass or PMMA substrate.
• the at least one layer preferably comprises one or more of the following layers: hologram layer, which preferably comprises the holographic structure, layer comprising triacetate, transparent adhesive layer or adhesive film (e.g. OCA) and/or layer/foil comprising polycarbonate (PC.)
• hologram layer which preferably comprises the holographic structure, layer comprising triacetate, transparent adhesive layer or adhesive film (e.g. OCA) and/or layer/foil comprising polycarbonate (PC.)
• the hologram layer is included.
• the layer can in particular comprise a foil, e.g. B. a hologram film, a triacetate film, an adhesive film and / or a polycarbonate film.
• the holographic structure is arranged on an outer surface of the light guide body opposite the decoupling surface and parallel to the decoupling surface, the outer surface parallel to the decoupling surface preferably being arranged 5 mm or less away from the decoupling surface.
• This embodiment is preferably comprised of the feature that the holographic structure is arranged on the decoupling surface.
• the light guide body comprises a transparent substrate and at least one layer applied to the transparent substrate, the decoupling surface being surrounded by the at least one layer, the holographic structure being present within the at least one layer between the substrate and the decoupling surface, wherein the at least one layer comprises at least one diaphragm layer with a transmission of 60% or less, preferably 50% or less, which is arranged closer to the decoupling surface than the holographic structure or which is arranged further away from the decoupling surface than the holographic structure .
• the transmission is for the visible spectrum and/or for large parts within the visible spectrum, with large parts of the visible spectrum comprising 100 nm or more, preferably 200 nm or more and in particular 300 nm or more of the visible spectrum.
• the coupling-out surface is arranged at an angle to the main radiation direction of the coupled-in light beams of the illuminating light between 0° and a complementary angle of the critical angle of total reflection.
• the angle is preferably measured directly between the said main radiation direction and the coupling-out surface.
• the complementary angle to a specific angle is preferably the angle that complements the specific angle to form an angle of 90°. Because the critical angle of total resection of an interface between two media with different Refractive indices (here this interface is preferably the decoupling surface) is preferably measured at a perpendicular perpendicular to this interface, the complementary angle of the critical angle of total reflection is preferably the angle between this critical angle and the interface.
• the coupling-in surface is arranged in a plane perpendicular to a main radiation direction (preferably the beam path) of the lighting arrangement, with the coupling-in surface and coupling-out surface having an angle between a critical angle of total reflection and 90°.
• the main radiation direction is preferably not changed by the coupling surface.
• the main radiation direction preferably has an angle of 90° with the plane or the coupling surface before and after the coupling.
• the main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement coincides with the main radiation direction of the coupled-in beams, in particular if the coupling-in surface is arranged in a plane perpendicular to a main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement and has no beam-shaping function.
• the coupling surface is not arranged in a plane perpendicular to a main radiation direction (preferably the beam path) of the lighting arrangement.
• the main direction of radiation is preferably changed by the coupling surface.
• the coupling-in surface is not arranged in a plane perpendicular to a main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement, the coupling-in and coupling-out surfaces being arranged at an angle of 90° to one another and the light-conducting body preferably widening towards the coupling-in surface.
• the coupling surface is arranged at an angle of less than 90° to the main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement.
• the angle between the main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement and the decoupling surface is preferably less than 90° (preferably measured at the surface normal to the decoupling surface).
• the fiber optic body is preferably widened toward the coupling-out surface for increased and/or improved beam coupling.
• the lighting device comprises a reflection surface of the light-guiding body arranged in the beam path between the coupling-in surface and the coupling-out surface for a one-time total reflection of the coupled-in light beams of the illumination light on the reflection surface before the illumination of the coupling-out surface.
• the fact that the reflection surface of the light-guiding body is for a one-time total reflection of the coupled-in light beams of the illumination light on the reflection surface in front of the illumination of the decoupling surface preferably means that it is arranged accordingly in the beam path of the coupled-in light beams, so that each beam is totally reflected exactly once on the reflection surface and each The light beam then hits the decoupling surface directly.
• the light can be diffracted beforehand.
• the light is preferably first reflected exactly once on the coupling-out surface and then diffracted by the hologram.
• the reflecting surface is arranged in particular in such a way that the coupled-in light beams impinge on it at an angle greater than the critical angle of total reflection and are reflected by it onto the outcoupling surface in such a way that the light beams impinge on it at an angle greater than the critical angle of total reflection.
• the light-guiding body has a coupling-out surface parallel to the coupling-in surface and the reflecting surface is an outer surface of the light-guiding body lying directly between the coupling-in surface and the coupling-out surface.
• a particularly flat lighting device can be realized in this way.
• the coupling-in surface is arranged in a plane perpendicular to a main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement, with the reflection surface being arranged at an angle to the coupling-in surface, so that the coupled-in light beams of the illumination light are totally reflected on the reflection surface and the coupling-out surface at a Angle greater than a critical angle of total reflection is illuminated.
• the light-guiding body has a coupling-out surface parallel to the coupling-in surface and the reflecting surface is an outer surface of the light-guiding body lying directly between the coupling-in surface and the coupling-out surface. This particularly simply constructed and compact embodiment is described in FIG. 14 by way of example.
• a projection of the coupling-out surface onto a plane of the coupling-in surface has the same dimensions as the coupling-in surface. This is very advantageous both for production and for minimizing the installation space of the lighting device.
• the out-coupling surface is also essentially completely illuminated without essentially part of the in-coupled illumination light being lost because it is not on the out-coupling surface (and the holographic structure arranged on it).
• the light guide body has the shape of a right prism, with a lateral surface comprising the coupling-in surface and the coupling-out surface, the coupling-out surface preferably adjoining the coupling-in surface.
• the light guide body can have the shape described above and in the figures. Such a light guide body is particularly compact and inexpensive to manufacture.
• a further outer surface of the light-guiding body is preferably included in this case, which is arranged in such a way that the beams of the zeroth order, which are totally reflected by the coupling-out surface, impinge on it.
• This further outer surface is in turn preferably arranged in such a way that the incident rays are not totally reflected again within the light guide body, in particular not in the direction of the decoupling surface.
• the rays impinging on the further outer surface have an angle smaller than the critical angle of the total reflection.
• the beams can be coupled out at this surface where they preferably do not interfere and/or can be absorbed at this surface, e.g. B. by a corresponding coating and/or another element.
• the outer surface can, for example, also contain a beam trap (e.g. by blackening the surface) in order to minimize Fresnel reflections that occur.
• the further outer surface is preferably also arranged in such a way that Fresnel-reflected rays do not propagate in the direction of the viewer. A professional knows how to arrange the outer surface by calculation and appropriate design.
• the additional outer surface is directly adjacent to the decoupling surface.
• the holographic structure comprises a volume hologram.
• volume holograms not only have an area that includes holographically stored information, but its thickness is also used to store holographic information.
• the coupling-in surface and/or the coupling-out surface is flat. This ensures particularly simple production, while at the same time the optical beam path can be designed simply, essentially without having any disadvantages in terms of the optical quality. At the same time, this embodiment is particularly well suited for integration in a vehicle. This embodiment preferably also includes that the coupling-in surface and/or the coupling-out surface are predominantly flat, but are rounded off at their edge areas for better aesthetic integration into the vehicle better drag coefficient, an adjustment to applicable safety standards for vehicles and/or better adjustment to the available installation space.
• a projection of the in-coupling surface onto a plane of the lighting arrangement has the same dimensions as the lighting arrangement.
• the installation space can be optimally used.
• the lighting arrangement and the in-coupling surface are arranged along the beam path, which preferably forms the optical axis of both elements and runs essentially perpendicularly to them.
• the lighting arrangement can in particular include a collimation lens in addition to the light source.
• the same installation space is occupied perpendicularly to the optical axis by the in-coupling surface and the illumination arrangement, which is enormously advantageous in terms of installation.
• this installation space which is perpendicular to the beam path in front of the decoupling through the decoupling surface, is often particularly tight in a vehicle and/or forms a uniform surface, so that this embodiment is particularly advantageous.
• this arrangement makes optimal use of the available space.
• a main direction of light beams coupled out of the coupling-out surface forms an angle with a surface normal of the coupling-out surface, which is set up to direct the light in the direction of an eyebox of a viewer.
• This angle can preferably be adapted on the basis of the diffraction properties of the holographic structure and preferably does not correspond to the main radiation direction of the coupled beams.
• This main direction of the decoupled light rays is in particular in the case of a rear light or a brake light (brake light) along or in a horizontal line and/or at an average eyebox height and/or in the direction of a position of a following road user.
• a main direction of light beams coupled out from the coupling-out surface forms an angle of 0° to 40° with a surface normal of the coupling-out surface.
• a surface normal of the coupling-out surface is in particular the amount of the angle, so that different angular directions are included in relation to the surface normal. It can preferably mean an angle in a horizontal plane in relation to a vehicle in which the lighting device can be installed. It can also be an angle in a vertical plane with respect to a vehicle. However, it can mean angles in any planes that can meet the aforementioned conditions in relation to the main direction of light beams coupled out from the coupling-out surface.
• the lighting device is installed as a rear light on a region of a mudguard of a motorcycle that is arranged at an angle with respect to the vertical. Then the decoupling surface can also be inclined.
• the above-mentioned embodiments can ensure that a road user behind the motorcycle can perceive the holographic lighting function because the decoupled light beams impinge at least partially in his eyebox.
• a field of view of the holographic lighting function in a first plane is 120° or more, in particular between 135° and 180°.
• the field of view determines the size of the eyebox.
• a field of view of the holographic lighting function in a second plane is 25° or more, in particular between 30° and 60°.
• the second plane is perpendicular to the first plane.
• a first extension of the lighting device perpendicular to the main direction of radiation of the lighting arrangement has a ratio of at least 1:1.5, preferably at least 1:2, particularly preferably at least, to a second extension of the lighting device perpendicular to the main direction of outcoupled light beams 1:3 up.
• the longitudinal sectional plane preferably corresponds to a plane parallel to the main direction of radiation of the lighting arrangement, which is perpendicular both to the in-coupling surface and to the out-coupling surface.
• the first extension of the lighting device perpendicular to the main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement preferably represents the projection of the lighting device in the longitudinal plane perpendicular to the main radiation direction and can provide essential information about the installation space occupied along this direction.
• the installation space on a vehicle, in particular a motorcycle, is particularly tight in this direction.
• the second extent of the lighting device perpendicular to the main direction of light beams coupled out preferably represents the projection of the lighting device in the longitudinal plane perpendicular to the main direction of light beams coupled out and can provide essential information about the installation space occupied along this direction and/or the area of the lighting device that effectively contributes to the generation of the lighting function give.
• the first extension in the longitudinal sectional plane of the lighting device perpendicular to the main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement can, for example, correspond to the (extension of) the coupling surface in the longitudinal sectional plane perpendicular to the main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement.
• the second extension of the light beams that are coupled out perpendicular to the main direction of light beams that are coupled out can, for example, correspond to the coupling-out surface if the light beams are coupled out of it perpendicularly.
• This variable is preferably a measure of the luminous surface visible to the outside or used to generate the luminous function (preferably on the decoupling surface). The relationship achieves an ideal relationship between the critical, required installation space and the effective lighting area, which is particularly suitable for use in a vehicle with limited installation space but high safety requirements for the lighting.
• the light-guiding body is set up to include at least one further outer surface of the light-guiding body for minimizing the Dimensions of the light-guiding body without impairing the illumination of the holographic structure through the outer surface and/or without total reflection of light beams totally reflected on the decoupling surface on the outer surface. This can be achieved in particular by a suitable choice of geometry, as is described in some embodiments.
• a particularly compact and at the same time improved lighting device can thus be provided.
• the lighting arrangement comprises a light source and a beam-shaping component, which are preferably arranged along the main radiation direction (or the beam path) of the lighting arrangement.
• This main radiation direction is preferably specified by the beam-shaping component.
• the beam-shaping component comprises a lens, preferably a collimation lens, which is set up to collimate the light beams of the light source, the collimation lens being arranged in particular so that the focal plane coincides with the emitter surface of the light source. Improved collimation of the light beams can thus be achieved.
• the beam-shaping component is set up to adapt the light beams from the light source to a reference wave with which the holographic structure and/or the structure area was recorded, in particular with regard to the angle of incidence and/or the angle spectrum.
• Adaptation of the light beams from the light source to a reference wave, with which the holographic structure and/or the structural area was recorded preferably means that the beam properties of the light beams from the light source correspond essentially or partially to those of the reference wave.
• the beam properties preferably relate to the frequency spectrum (preferably short: spectrum), the illumination angle or angle of incidence and/or the angle spectrum. In this way, a holographic lighting function with good optical properties can be achieved without smearing and/or double images.
• defined light beams include light beams adapted to the hologram, preferably adapted to a reference wave with which the holographic structure was recorded, the light beams being adapted in particular with regard to a frequency spectrum, an angle of incidence, an angular spectrum, a temporal coherence , spatial coherence and/or polarization.
• Defined light beams are preferably to be understood synonymously with an adjustment of the light beams.
• an angular spectrum of the illumination of the holographic structure is less than 5°, preferably less than 2°, more preferably less than 1° and in particular less than 0.5°.
• Has a small angular spectrum preferably a particularly positive effect on the quality of the holographic lighting function.
• the angle spectrum can preferably be determined by determining the square mean of the difference of all angles from the target reconstruction angle (preferably the so-called RMS radius).
• the angular spectrum of the illumination of the holographic structure deviates less than 1° from a reference angular spectrum of the reference wave with which the holographic structure was recorded and preferably comprises an angular spectrum of 0°-5°.
• This angular spectrum has proven to be particularly advantageous because it makes few demands on the production of the holographic structure and can therefore be produced particularly quickly and inexpensively.
• the beam-shaping component comprises an aspheric lens. This has particularly favorable beam properties and can advantageously counteract an aberration.
• the beam-shaping component comprises a free-form lens, in particular a sphere or a toroid.
• the in-coupling surface is not planar and is set up for a light-shaping function, the in-coupling surface preferably being curved in a defined manner.
• the in-coupling surface which has a light-shaping function, for example similar to a lens, can advantageously save installation space along the direction of the beam path, since no additional beam-shaping component has to be used.
• the light-shaping function can, for example, generate collimated, convergent or divergent light beams, preferably without changing the main direction of the radiation. However, it may also be preferable to change the main radiation direction.
• a coupling surface with a light-shaping function together with a beam-shaping component. So e.g. B. by joint action on the light beam, the quality of the desired property, z. B. the collimation can be improved and, under certain circumstances, space can be saved because the beam-shaping component can be kept more compact than in the case where the coupling surface does not support the beam shaping.
• the beam-shaping component and/or its optically functional surfaces have a rectangular boundary.
• the rectangular boundary preferably adapts the beam-shaping component to the transverse extension (see, for example, definition below) of the remaining components of the illumination device, so that all components essentially have the same cross section.
• a compact lighting device can be implemented and the installation, e.g. B. the attachment to the vehicle can be advantageously facilitated.
• the optically active surfaces (contributing to beam shaping) of the beam-shaping component can be trimmed accordingly.
• more than one lighting channel is included, the lighting channels being arranged next to one another in the transverse direction perpendicular to the main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement, the light-conducting bodies of each lighting channel being included in a monolithic component.
• the transverse direction preferably designates the extension of the lighting device in the transverse direction, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
• the transverse direction preferably lies in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal section plane.
• the lighting channels are preferably arranged “next to one another” and can, for example, implement different holographic lighting functions with different lighting functions for the vehicle, e.g. B. with a lighting device attached to the rear of the vehicle, the functions "rear light” and "indicator”.
• the light-guiding body is a monolithic, ie preferably a cohesive, uniform component.
• the monolithic component is thus preferably the common light guide body of the lighting channels. No boundary surfaces are preferably provided between the illumination channels within the monolithic component. A particularly simple, compact and inexpensive monolithic component can thus be produced. No complicated measures need to be taken to assemble the components of the various channels, for example for adjustment.
• the holographic structures of the channels are arranged next to one another in the transverse direction on the coupling-out surface.
• a particularly aesthetic rear light function can be provided, which can generate the holographic light functions of the respective channels directly next to one another.
• the lighting device can be kept particularly compact in the transverse direction.
• the holographic structures of adjacent channels are at a distance of less than 1 mm or are directly adjacent to one another. It has been shown that even with a distance of less than 1 mm, the illumination channels can be well separated from one another and at the same time there are no undesired, clearly visible shadow areas between the channels.
• the holographic structures of the illumination channels are included in a common holographic structure.
• the common holographic structure can be used for both lighting channels have the same holographic lighting function. This is particularly advantageous if the multiple channels are used to ensure that illumination is to be more or less intense or if, for example, a more or less wide cross-sectional area of the visible holographic lighting function is to be generated. In this way, particularly homogeneous illumination can advantageously be achieved.
• the common holographic structure can also be preferable for the common holographic structure to have different holographic lighting functions for the different lighting channels, for example due to different exposure during production.
• more than one illumination channel is included, with a monolithic lens system being included, which has a beam-shaping component in the form of a lens for each illumination channel.
• the lens system is preferably a coherent, uniform component.
• a monolithic lens system can already be matched particularly well during development with regard to the monolithic light-conducting body and the holographic structures lying next to one another and then does not require any complicated adaptation and adjustment processes during production and installation. Furthermore, a monolithic lens system is particularly compact and resource-saving.
• the lens system comprises compound aspheres. In this way, complex and improved beam shaping functions can be provided in a single, monolithic component.
• adjacent lenses of the lens system adjoin one another.
• the lens system and the entire illumination device can be kept particularly compact, particularly in the transverse direction. Even if the holographic structures of adjacent channels are less than 1 mm apart or are directly adjacent to one another, good illumination of the holographic structure of each channel can be achieved in this way.
• optically functional surfaces have a rectangular boundary and/or optically functional surfaces of adjacent lenses merge directly into one another.
• the lens system is preferably adapted to the transverse extension of the remaining components of the lighting device by the rectangular boundary, so that all components essentially have the same cross section.
• a compact lighting device can be implemented and the installation, e.g. B. the attachment to the vehicle can be advantageously facilitated.
• the optically active (contributing to beam shaping) surfaces of the lens system can be trimmed accordingly.
• optically functional surfaces merge or overflow directly into one another
• installation space can be saved and the illumination of holographic structures of different illumination channels, which are directly adjacent to one another with little or no distance, can be made possible.
• complex lens design at the same time make it possible to prevent crosstalk between adjacent channels as far as possible.
• the illumination channels are set up for suppression of the illumination of the holographic structure of an illumination channel by the illumination arrangement of another illumination channel, with the suppression preferably being at least two orders of magnitude between the intensity of the illumination channel and the intensity of the other illumination channel.
• intensity can be expressed in watts per square meter (W/m 2 ). However, it can also mean the light intensity.
• the luminous intensity preferably indicates the luminous flux related to the solid angle. In particular, its SI unit is the candela (cd). However, it can also preferably mean the luminous flux.
• Luminous flux is preferably a photometric variable which indicates the light emitted by a light source per unit of time that can be perceived by the human eye.
• the physical (radiometric) radiation power it preferably takes into account the sensitivity of the human eye. It is given in the unit of measurement, lumen (Im). It can preferably also mean the light intensity. However, it can also mean the illuminance in lux.
• Luminous intensity is preferably defined by dOv/dQ, where dQ preferably describes an infinitesimal solid angle element and dOv describes the luminous flux component in the solid angle element dQ.
• Suppression by at least two orders of magnitude means in particular that the intensity of the illumination of a holographic structure by an illumination arrangement assigned to this structure and belonging to the same illumination channel is at least a factor of 100 or more than 99% stronger than the illumination of the holographic structure by the lighting arrangement of another, directly adjacent channel, if this is also switched on.
• At least one screen is included between adjacent illumination channels, the screen preferably being arranged between the light source and the beam-shaping component and/or between the beam-shaping component and the coupling surface.
• a screen between the light source and the beam-shaping component could, for example, "shade" neighboring lighting channels from one another in an area between the LED (preferred light source) and lens (preferred beam-shaping component).
• the baffles are preferably constructed from a light absorbing material.
• the screens can be kept very thin so as not to impair the compact design and to be barely or not at all visible from the outside.
• the screens can have a thickness in the transverse direction of 1 mm or less.
• the screens can also be kept very short so that they do not or hardly affect the installation space in the horizontal direction.
• the diaphragms between the beam-shaping component and the light-guiding body can preferably be in the areas of the lens system be fitted where they abut and where the lenses are often thinnest in the direction of radiation. In this way, crosstalk can be achieved with little or no increase in installation space.
• the beam-shaping component preferably the lens
• the beam-shaping component is set up for total internal reflection of light beams coupled into the lens, which are oriented in the direction of the adjacent illumination channel and/or come from the adjacent illumination channel.
• the lenses could, for example, be constructed or designed, e.g. B. that they have a strong curvature towards the adjacent lens, so that potential light, which due to the otherwise desired large numerical aperture (NA) radiates from a lens of an adjacent lens segment of an adjacent channel, is totally reflected by the strong curvature of the lens and is decoupled to the rear or to the side again and is therefore not directed in the direction of the light guide body.
• NA large numerical aperture
• the illumination channel is set up for predominantly homogeneous illumination of the holographic structure of the illumination channel. This can be achieved by suitable beam shaping, in particular suitable collimation.
• homogeneous means in particular that the holographic structure is illuminated with predominantly the same intensity over its entire surface.
• a deviation in intensity over the holographic structure is preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 10% and in particular less than 5%.
• a ratio of minimum intensity Imin (or minimum illuminance or irradiation intensity) to maximum intensity l max (or maximum illuminance or irradiation intensity) is preferably n /Lax>0.8.
• the holographic structures of the channels are arranged next to one another in the transverse direction on the decoupling surface
• that the holographic structures of adjacent channels have a distance of less than 1 mm or are directly adjacent to one another and/or that the illumination channels are set up for a Suppression of the illumination of the holographic structure of an illumination channel by the illumination arrangement of another illumination channel
• a desired homogeneous illumination of directly adjacent holographic structures can be achieved at the same time, advantageously without crosstalk occurring.
• the illumination channel is set up for inhomogeneous illumination of the holographic structure of the illumination channel, preferably with an intensity drop in an edge area and/or a central area of the holographic structure.
• Intensity curves within or through the holographic structure can be controlled by varying the efficiency of the holographic structure. For example, from 100% (all light is coupled out) to 50% (half of the light is coupled out). In this case, however, part of the light that illuminates the holographic structure is not used because it is not coupled out.
• the lighting arrangement can be set up to illuminate the holographic structure with an intensity profile.
• the holographic structure is already inhomogeneously illuminated (e.g. from 100% to 50% intensity) due to a suitable shape of the beam-shaping component. Then the holographic structure preferably has an efficiency of 100% everywhere, i.e. all light is coupled out (if you ignore the 0th order, for example).
• a defined intensity profile can be required and at the same time the amount of light coupled out or the efficiency can be maximized. At the same time, special lighting functions can be created.
• the light source comprises at least one LED.
• the emission spectrum of the LED can be assigned to a color, preferably according to the dominantly emitted wavelength. Correspondingly colored lighting functions can thus be implemented.
• the Osram Synios P2720 can be used as light sources or LEDs.
• the emission spectrum of the LED cannot be assigned to a color and preferably comprises a white light spectrum.
• the lighting function (or a generated image) can include single-color and multi-color components.
• Possible light sources or LEDs are, for example, Osram MultiLED LRTB GVSG and/or Osram Synios P2720.
• more than one illumination channel is included, with the LEDs being set up for emission in the same spectral range.
• the beam-shaping component and/or the light-guiding body is set up for production-ready shaping without undercuts, but with draft angles and/or with rounding.
• undercut or undercut z. B. designates a structural element that protrudes freely and thus z. B. can prevent a casting that this can be removed from its mold.
• the avoidance of an undercut is therefore particularly favorable for simple and inexpensive mass production.
• one has a mold that contains the negative of the part to be manufactured, and the pressed or injection molded part is to be separated from the mold. Then you need a certain angle, preferably at the edges, so that the part also falls out of the mold.
• a draft angle preferably refers to the minimum required deviation from a perpendicular to the mold parting. Common sizes for the required draft angles are known to those skilled in the art.
• a rounding refers in particular to a rounding of a component edge.
• roundings with a radius in the range of or greater than 2 mm can be implemented particularly favorably in mass production.
• the invention relates to a rear light for a vehicle, in particular for a motorcycle, comprising a lighting device as described in this document.
• the installation space is critical and there are often no sufficiently large, completely vertically arranged surfaces in the rear area for the arrangement of a rear light.
• the rear light according to this document is particularly flat and therefore particularly advantageous for a motorcycle. Due to the diffraction function of the holographic structure, which can bend the light out of it at an angle that is not equal to zero with the surface normal of the decoupling surface, a lighting function can also be implemented with an inclined arrangement, which can be seen, for example, along a substantially horizontal line and is therefore in the field of vision of a road user following the motorcycle.
• the rear light has in particular an intensity of between 4 and 12 cd in a horizontal angular range of -80° to +80° starting from a longitudinal axis of the vehicle or an intensity of between 40 and 185 cd in a horizontal angular range of -45° to +45° from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
• the light emitted by a rear light must not fall below or exceed certain luminous intensities.
• corresponding angle ranges or test points are defined for which this must be fulfilled. This preferably depends on the country where the vehicle is registered. For example, there is a uniform regulation for Europe, such as E.g. in E/ECE/324/Rev.1/Add.49/Rev.3-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.49/Rev.3, Regulation No.
• the rear light can advantageously realize these requirements, at the same time have a compact structure and have holographic lighting functions.
• An intensity of between 4 and 12 cd in a horizontal angular range of -80° to +80° starting from a longitudinal axis of the vehicle is particularly suitable for a standard rear light or a standard rear light.
• An intensity of between 40 and 185 cd in a horizontal angular range of -45° to +45° starting from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is particularly advantageous for a brake light.
• the invention relates to an illuminated display for a vehicle, in particular for a passenger car or a truck, comprising a lighting device as described in this document.
• the illuminated display is set up to display a plurality of possible pieces of information, with more than one lighting channel being included, with a piece of information being assigned to a lighting channel.
• These illumination channels can preferably also be arranged relative to one another in a direction other than in the transverse direction as described above.
• the invention relates to a lighting element for the interior of a vehicle, in particular for a passenger car or a truck, comprising a lighting device as described in this document.
• a lighting element can in particular comprise a luminous element which is provided for the interior of a vehicle and has an illuminating function there.
• An illuminating function can be used in particular to illuminate the interior and thus increase operability and/or to fulfill aesthetic functions, such as displaying lettering that is characteristic of the car and/or a symbol that is characteristic of the car.
• the invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a motorcycle, having a lighting device as described in this document and/or a rear light as described in this document. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that advantages, definitions and embodiments of the lighting device according to the invention and the rear light according to the invention also apply to the claimed vehicle according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows the lighting device on a partially illustrated motorcycle.
• FIG. 2 shows the structure of the lighting device in a side view along the longitudinal sectional plane.
• FIG. 3 shows the structure of the lighting device in a perspective view.
• FIG. 4 shows a beam-shaping component of the lighting device.
• FIG. 5 shows the structure of the lighting device with two lighting channels in a side view along the longitudinal sectional plane.
• FIG. 6 shows a top view of the lighting device with two lighting channels arranged next to one another.
• FIG. 7 shows the monolithic lens system of an illumination device with two illumination channels.
• FIG. 8 shows the intensity of the lighting function of two lighting channels arranged next to one another in different switching states.
• FIG. 9 schematically shows embodiments for suppressing crosstalk between adjacent channels.
• FIG. 10 shows a measurement of an angle spectrum of the illumination of the holographic structure.
• FIG. 11 clarifies the possible realizations and arrangements of the holographic structure.
• FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of the lighting device for a display in a perspective view.
• FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of the lighting device for a display in a side view.
• FIG. 14 shows an embodiment which includes a reflection surface.
• FIG. 1 shows the lighting device 1 as a rear light on a partially illustrated motorcycle 3. A standard rear light 5 of the motorcycle is also shown. It can be seen that there is very little installation space at the place where the lighting device 1 is installed, which can fulfill an additional function to the standard lighting. However, due to the flat structure of the lighting device 1, this is not a problem. Even the unfavorable angle caused by the attachment to the mud flap of the motorcycle is not a problem, since the holographic structure can bend the decoupled light beams in the horizontal direction, so that the holographic light function is visible to a following road user.
• FIG. 2 shows the structure of the lighting device 1 in a side view along the longitudinal sectional plane.
• the light beams emanate from the light source 7, are collimated by the beam-shaping component 9, here a lens, and are coupled into the light guide body 23 via the coupling surface 11 thereof.
• the coupling-out surface 13 is arranged in the beam path of the coupled-in light beams 21 , so that the light beams impinge on the coupling-out surface 13 and illuminate the holographic structure 15 arranged on it at the illumination angle 19 .
• the holographic structure can be a transmission hologram.
• the illumination angle 19 is given directly by the prism angle 20.
• the illumination angle 19 or the prism angle 20 is selected such that total reflection of the zeroth order takes place and its light rays 21 are reflected towards the further outer surface of the light guide body 17. There they can be absorbed or decoupled, insofar as this is not undesirable.
• the outer surface is arranged in such a way that the light beams of the zeroth order are not subject to total internal reflection in the light-guiding body 23 on this surface.
• the light beams (not shown) diffracted by the holographic structure and coupled out of the coupling-out surface 13 can be coupled out at a desired angle with the coupling-out surface 13 depending on the configuration of the holographic structure.
• FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the structure of the lighting device 1 with the beam-shaping component 9 in the form of a lens and the light guide body 23, through the decoupling surface 13 of which the light is decoupled in order to generate the holographic lighting function.
• FIG. 4 shows a beam-shaping component 9 of the lighting device, which is trimmed in a rectangular shape.
• the rectangular cropping also affects the optically active areas.
• the beam-shaping component 9 is thus adapted to the cross section of the other components of the lighting device, which is advantageous for installation.
• the adapted cross section can also be seen in FIG.
• FIG. 5 shows the structure of the lighting device 1 with two lighting channels in a side view along the longitudinal sectional plane. It can be seen that along this plane the structure essentially corresponds to the structure according to FIG. 2, the lighting device 1 of which has only one lighting channel.
• the beam-shaping component 9 here, for example, the lens
• the beam-shaping component 9 has a shorter focal length due to the more compact design, even without major design effort than the version with one lighting channel. As a result, the entire component can be kept more compact.
• Figure 6 shows a plan view of the illumination device 1 with two illumination channels 26 arranged next to one another in the transverse direction.
• Two light sources 7 are included, the illumination light from which, before collimation by the respective beam-shaping components 9, passes through an aperture 25 present between the light source 7 and the beam-shaping component 9 on a Crosstalk in the respective other illumination channel 26 within the monolithic component 23 is prevented.
• the beam-shaping components are implemented as a lens system in a monolithic component 28 .
• the lenses 9 do not have to be adjusted to one another and can also be kept compact.
• Good collimation means that the illumination light, after passing through the respective beam-shaping component 9 , can essentially be prevented from crosstalk into the respective other illumination channel 26 . Only little light gets into the “wrong” illumination channel; individual crosstalk light beams 27 are shown, which advantageously have a low intensity due to the structure.
• FIG. 7 shows the monolithic lens system 28 of an illumination device 1 with two illumination channels.
• the two lenses 9 arranged next to one another are included in a monolithic component, with the optically functional surfaces merging directly into one another.
• the component 28 is cut in a rectangular shape, which also affects the optically functional surfaces of the lenses 9 .
• the lenses 9 do not have to be adjusted to one another in a complex manner, but are already aligned with one another within the scope of the manufacturing tolerances.
• the component 28 is already adapted in its cross section to the other components of the lighting device 1 and a compact structure with simple installation in the vehicle can be guaranteed.
• FIG. 8 shows the intensity of the lighting function of two lighting channels arranged next to one another in different switching states when looking at the decoupling surface.
• the intensity is shown here using the illuminance in lux.
• the Lux unit of measurement is preferably defined as the photometric illumination that produces a luminous flux of 1 lumen (Im) when evenly distributed over a 1 square meter area.
• the degree of homogeneity of the illumination of the respective channel on the decoupling surface can be determined from the representation of the illuminance, as well as the separation of the channels, at least when the illumination channel is switched off. On the far left both channels are switched on.
• the holographic structure here includes a common holographic structure, which produces a single holographic light function when both channels are illuminated together.
• the two images on the right each show a channel that is switched off and it is clearly evident that the channel that is switched on is still illuminated homogeneously while the channel that is switched off (shown in black) remains dark.
• no visible crosstalk can be detected.
• FIG. 9 schematically shows embodiments for suppressing crosstalk between adjacent illumination channels 26 and 26′.
• the light source 7 of which initially emits a bundle of rays directed in different spatial directions. Crosstalk is prevented at this point by an aperture element 25 achieved.
• the beams are then coupled into the monolithic component 28 with the two lenses 9 .
• the light beams are collimated and directed into the correct illumination channel 26 as a collimated bundle of rays. Due to the large NA 29 of the lens 9, however, light beams from the light source 7 are also caught by the lens 9, which are coupled into the monolithic lens system 28 at a large angle with the optical axis.
• the lens 9' has such a strong curvature 31 in the area in which the rays of the adjacent channel 26 predominantly enter that these crosstalking light rays 27 are totally reflected within the lens 9' and to the side or to the rear (opposite to the actual direction of the rays) is deflected so that crosstalk can be prevented.
• FIG. 10 shows a measurement of a typical angular spectrum of the illumination of the holographic structure.
• the intensity is given in cd.
• the peak indicates the main radiation direction of the coupled light beams (or synonymously main beam direction), measured at the level of the holographic structure or the coupling-out surface, here at about -70°, with the angle being negative due to the measurement convention.
• the angular spectrum of the areas covered by the peak is less than ⁇ 1° here because the beam is very well collimated. In this way, a particularly high-quality lighting function can be produced.
• FIG. 11 should essentially be used to clarify the possible realizations of the holographic structure 15.
• FIG. 11 shows a light-guiding body 23 which, for example, comprises a transparent glass or PMMA substrate 32 into which light is coupled from the left side and then impinges on the upper surface of the light-guiding body 23 .
• a plurality of layers are located on this upper surface, which are preferably encompassed by the light-guiding body 23 as it were.
• a hologram layer 33 which comprises the holographic structure 15 is present as the first, lowest layer.
• a layer with triacetate (TAC) 34 is then included as the next layer.
• TAC triacetate
• a layer of a transparent adhesive layer or adhesive film OCA - not shown
• a layer/film of polycarbonate (PC) 35 There is preferably only a slight difference in the refractive index between the substrate 32 and the applied layers and between the layers themselves, so that total reflection of the beams coupled into the light guide body 23 only takes place at the top layer, which typically borders on air.
• the decoupling surface 13 is preferably the surface on which the light coupled into the light guide body 23 actually exits or is reflected, i.e. in the example shown the surface of the PC layer 35 that is not arranged towards the other layers/the light guide body 23.
• the upper example in FIG. 11 shows how the holographic structure 15 can be designed as a reflective hologram. This is set up and arranged in such a way that coupled-in light 37 which has not yet been reflected, thus in the example shown light which comes from the direction of the substrate, is not diffracted by the reflective hologram but is simply transmitted.
• Light 39 in turn, which was previously transmitted by the hologram, is reflected at the decoupling surface 13 and then hits the holographic structure 15, is reflected by the reflection hologram and corresponding to the Generating luminous function diffracted 41.
• the non-diffracted light (preferably the zeroth order) 43 is transmitted back into the substrate 32 of the light guide body 23 again.
• the holographic structure 15 is a transmissive hologram. This diffracts 41 the light 21 coming from the direction of the substrate directly, without this light previously being subjected to a total reflection at the decoupling surface 13 . Only the light that is transmitted without diffraction, preferably also referred to as the zeroth order 22 , is then totally reflected at the decoupling surface 13 and is then no longer diffracted by the transmission hologram, but rather is transmitted back into the substrate 32 of the light guide body 23 .
• FIG. 12 (perspective) and FIG. 13 (side view) show an embodiment of the lighting device 1 for a display.
• the coupling-in surface 11 is not arranged in a plane perpendicular to a main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement; however, this is not necessarily the case with the lighting device 1 for the display; rather, the coupling-in surface 11 could also be arranged perpendicularly to the main direction of radiation. This can be decided, for example, depending on the available installation space and the desired beam path in the light guide body 23 .
• Illuminating light is coupled into the light guide body 23 through the coupling surface 11 from a lighting arrangement 43 formed by a light source (eg LED) 7 and a lens 9 .
• the coupling surface 11 is preferably arranged at an angle of less than 90° to the main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement.
• the light that is coupled in is refracted due to the difference in the refractive index between the light-guiding body 23 and the environment towards the perpendicular (surface normal of the coupling-in surface 11), as a result of which the angle between the surface normal to the coupling-out surface 13 and the beam path of the coupled-in light beams 21 is reduced compared to the radiation direction before coupling and thus also in a very oblique irradiation into the fiber-optic element 23, a total reflection of the coupled-in light beams 21 on the coupling-out surface 13 still takes place.
• Each coupled-in beam path 21 is then reflected once at the decoupling surface 13 and only then reaches the holographic structure 15 , which in the embodiment shown is arranged on a parallel outer surface 47 of the light-guiding body 23 opposite the decoupling surface 13 . It is preferably a holographic structure 15 arranged on the coupling-out surface 13, which is arranged at a maximum distance of 5 mm from the coupling-out surface 13, because the parallel outer surface 47 is arranged at a maximum distance of 5 mm from the coupling-out surface 13.
• the lighting device for a display could also be a holographic structure 15 that is not arranged on an outer surface of the light-conducting body 23, but is arranged inside the light-conducting body 23 on the decoupling surface 13, as above described in numerous embodiments.
• the display (the holographic light function) is then realized by light beams 41 deflected upwards by the decoupling surface 13 in the present example and diffracted by the holographic structure 15 .
• FIG. 14 shows an embodiment which includes a reflection surface.
• the light-guiding body 23 has a coupling-out surface 13 parallel to the coupling-in surface 11 and the reflecting surface 49 is an outer surface of the light-guiding body 23 lying directly between the coupling-in surface 11 and the coupling-out surface 13.
• the coupling-in surface 11 is arranged in a plane perpendicular to a main radiation direction of the lighting arrangement.
• the reflection surface 49 is arranged at an angle to the coupling surface 11 so that the coupled light beams of the illumination light are totally reflected at the reflection surface 49 and the coupling-out surface 13 is illuminated at an angle 19 greater than a critical angle of total reflection.

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• 2021
  • 2021-07-15 DE DE102021207574.6A patent/DE102021207574A1/de active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-07-14 CN CN202280055743.1A patent/CN117813209A/zh active Pending
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